1961 objective - to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful
purposes only (such as international cooperation in scientific
research); to defer the question of territorial claims asserted by some
nations and not recognized by others; to provide an international forum
for management of the region; applies to land and ice shelves south of
60 degrees south latitude parties - (46) Argentina, Australia,
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China,
Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North
Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
B
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal
note - abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes opened for signature - 22 March
1989 entered into force - 5 May 1992 objective - to reduce
transboundary movements of wastes subject to the Convention to a
minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient
management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of
wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound management as
closely as possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in
environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they
generate parties - (172) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,
Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,
Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,
Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook
Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,
Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro,
Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,
Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia countries that
have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Afghanistan, Haiti, US
Biodiversity
see Convention on Biological Diversity
C
Climate Change
see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
note - abbreviated as Antarctic Seals opened for signature - 1 June
1972 entered into force - 11 March 1978 objective - to promote and
achieve the protection, scientific study, and rational use of Antarctic
seals, and to maintain a satisfactory balance within the ecological
system of Antarctica parties - (16) Argentina, Australia, Belgium,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland,
Russia, South Africa, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet
ratified - (1) NZ
Convention on Biological Diversity
note - abbreviated as Biodiversity opened for signature - 5 June 1992
entered into force - 29 December 1993 objective - to develop national
strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity parties - (191) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra,
Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,
Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,
Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The
Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,
Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San
Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon
Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,
Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-
Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have
signed, but not yet ratified - (1) US
Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High
Seas
note - abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation opened for signature -
29 April 1958 entered into force - 20 March 1966 objective - to solve
through international cooperation the problems involved in the
conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that
because of the development of modern technology some of these resources
are in danger of being overexploited parties - (38) Australia,
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Colombia,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Jamaica,
Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico,
Montenegro, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra
Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand,
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela countries that
have signed, but not yet ratified - (21) Afghanistan, Argentina,
Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran,
Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Panama, Sri
Lanka, Tunisia, Uruguay
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution opened for signature - 13 November
1979 entered into force - 16 March 1983 objective - to protect the
human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and
prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution
parties - (51) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta,
Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US countries that have signed, but
not yet ratified - (2) Holy See, San Marino
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as
Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)
note - abbreviated as Wetlands opened for signature - 2 February 1971
entered into force - 21 December 1975 objective - to stem the
progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future,
recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their
economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value parties - (154)
Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,
China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of
the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The
Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-
Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,
Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova,
Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Serbia,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,
Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam,
Zambia
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Marine Living Resources opened for
signature - 5 May 1980 entered into force - 7 April 1982 objective -
to safeguard the environment and protect the integrity of the ecosystem
of the seas surrounding Antarctica, and to conserve Antarctic marine
living resources parties - (31) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India,
Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mauritius, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,
Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US,
Uruguay, Vanuatu
Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Flora and Fauna (CITES)
note - abbreviated as Endangered Species opened for signature - 3
March 1973 entered into force - 1 July 1975 objective - to protect
certain endangered species from overexploitation by means of a system
of import/export permits parties - (170) Afghanistan, Albania,
Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica,
Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,
Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia,
Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova,
Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Palau, Pakistan,
Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome
and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine,
UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and
Other Matter (London Convention)
note - abbreviated as Marine Dumping opened for signature - 29
December 1972 entered into force - 30 August 1975 objective - to
control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional
agreements supplementary to the Convention; the London Convention came
into force in 1996 parties - (88) Afghanistan, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland,
France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong
(associate member), Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta,
Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria,
Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland,
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu
associate members to the London Convention - (2) Faroe Islands, Macau
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Chad, Kuwait,
Uruguay
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of
Environmental Modification Techniques
note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification opened for signature
- 10 December 1976 entered into force - 5 October 1978 objective - to
prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental
modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among
nations parties - (73) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium,
Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy,
Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lithuania,
Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Vietnam, Yemen countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (16)
Bolivia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland,
Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Portugal, Sierra
Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda
D
Desertification
see United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those
Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,
Particularly in Africa
E
Endangered Species
see Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Environmental Modification
see Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use
of Environmental Modification Techniques
H
Hazardous Wastes
see Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
I
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
note - abbreviated as Whaling opened for signature - 2 December 1946
entered into force - 10 November 1948 objective - to protect all
species of whales from overhunting; to establish a system of
international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure proper
conservation and development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for
future generations the great natural resources represented by whale
stocks parties - (84) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,
Austria, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Chile,
China, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote D'Ivoire, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Greece, Grenada,
Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Laos, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman,
Palau, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname,
Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uruguay
International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83 opened for signature - 18
November 1983 entered into force - 1 April 1985; this agreement
expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went
into force objective - to provide an effective framework for
cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to
encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable
utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic
resources parties - (59) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil,
Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China,
Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia,
Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Vanuatu,
Venezuela
International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94 opened for signature - 26
January 1994 entered into force - 1 January 1997 objective - to
ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from
sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical
timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this
objective parties - (61) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil,
Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China,
Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia,
Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Vanuatu,
Venezuela
K
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
note - abbreviated as Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol opened for
signature - 16 March 1998 entered into force - 23 February 2005
objective - to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the
national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by
establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries
parties - (184) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,
Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina
Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Island, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,
The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,
Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated
States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand,
Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan,
Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia countries that have signed, but not
yet ratified - (2) Kazakhstan, US
L
Law of the Sea
see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
M
Marine Dumping
see Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes
and Other Matter (London Convention)
Marine Life Conservation
see Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the
High Seas
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer