CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus; pentacoccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns; five dry
berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis cordatis, obtusis, nervosis, sæpe auriculatis;
pedunculis multifloris; involucris polyphyllis, foliolis revolutis;
floribus pentandris; radice tuberosa.
Geranium with heart-shaped leaves, obtuse, nerved and often eared;
flower-stems many-flowered; fence many-leaved, leaflets rolled back;
flowers with five fertile chives; root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement cut open to shew its tubular structure.
2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives, spread open, magnified.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
This very fine Geranium is, as yet, only in the Clapham Collection; it
has no properties, which regard its culture or propagation, differing
from the rest of its congeners; was sent from the Cape, by Mr. Niven, in
1800. Flowers in July. The leaves of this species have most affinity, in
appearance, to those of G. melananthum, particularly in being like them
frequently eared, and even sometimes winged. We have named it,
specifically, from the singular revolute character of the involucrum, at
the base of each bunch of flowers.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLV.
LEEA PINNATA.
_Winged-leaved Leea._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, campanulatum, coriaceum,
quinquedentatum, persistens.
COROLLA monopetala; tubus longitudine calycis; limbus quinquefidus,
æqualis; laciniis saccatis.
_Nectarium_ basi interioris corollæ adnatum, corolla dimidio brevius,
erectum, urceolatum, quinquefidum; lobis emarginatis.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, inserta basi exteriori nectarii. Antheræ
ovatæ, versatiles.
PISTILLUM. Germen subglobosum. Stylus simplex, nectario brevior. Stigma
obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca orbiculata, depressa, quinquelocularis.
SEMINA quinque, solitaria.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, bell-shaped, leathery, five-toothed,
remaining.
BLOSSOM one petal; tube the length of the cup; border five-cleft, equal;
segments bagged.
_Honey-cup_ fixed to the base of the inside of the blossom, by the half
shorter than the blossom, erect, pitcher-shaped, five-cleft; lobes
notched at the end.
CHIVES. Five threads inserted into the outside of the base of the
honey-cup. Tips egg-shaped, versatile.
POINTAL. Seed-bud almost globular. Shaft simple, shorter than the
honey-cup. Summit blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Berry orbicular, flattened, five-celled.
SEEDS five, solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Leea foliis impari-pinnatis, oppositis; caule tereti, glabro; racemis
angulatis, angulis undulatis.
Leea with winged leaves terminated by an odd one and opposite; stem
round and smooth; branches angled; angles waved.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup, natural size.
2. A Blossom.
3. A Flower complete, magnified.
4. The Honey-cup, shewn from the inside, cut open, a little magnified.
5. A Blossom, with the Honey-cup and Chives, magnified.
6. The Honey-cup and Chives shewn from the outside, magnified.
7. The Pointal, magnified.
Leea and Aquilicia have, of late, been considered as not possessing
sufficient essentially differing characters to constitute two genera,
and Aquilicia has been lost in Leea. Our present subject is a species of
the former Aquilicias, is mentioned by Gaertner, who says, it approaches
A. sambucina, now Leea sambucina; to which indeed it has much
resemblance, but differs in having opposite, not alternate branches,
being scentless, having the leaves rather rough and the stem smooth. It
is a native of the East Indies, requiring the tan-bed to make it flower;
is half shrubby, and is increased by cuttings. Flowers in August. Our
figure is from a specimen communicated to us by Aylmer Bourke Lambert,
Esq. who raised it from seeds received from Dr. Roxburg, in 1801, under
the name of Leea crispa: which is a native of Africa, and has been long
in most of our collections of hot house plants, but is in the highest
state of cultivation, under the care of Mr. Hoy, in that of his Grace
the Duke of Northumberland, Sion House, near Brentford.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLVI.
ARUM ORIXENSIS.
_Orixian Cuckow-pint._
CLASS XX. ORDER XI.
_GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA._ Chives on the Pointal. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Spatha monophylla, maxima, oblonga, basi convoluta, apice
connivens, ventre compressa, interne colorata.
_Spadix_ clavatus, simplicissimus, spatha paulo brevior, coloratus,
inferne germinibus obvallatus, marcescens supra germina.
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA. Filamenta nulla, nisi nectaria basi crassa, desinentia in
cirros filiformes, duorum ordinum e medio spadice egredientes. Antheræ
plurimæ, sessiles, tetragonæ, cirrhorum duplici ordine interjectæ,
spadici adnatæ.
PISTILLA. Germina plurima, basin spadicis vestientia, infra stamina
collocata, obovata. Styli nulli. Stigmata villis barbata.
PERICARPIA. Baccæ totidem, globosæ, uniloculares.
SEMINA plura, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Sheath one leaf, very large, oblong, convolute at the base,
converging at the top, the belly compressed, coloured within.
_Sheathed-Fruit-stalk_ club shaped quite simple, a little shorter than
the sheath, coloured, set round with seed-buds on the lower part,
withering above the seed-buds.
BLOSSOM none.
CHIVES. Threads none except the honey-cups, which are thick at the base
and terminated in thread-shaped tendrils, issuing in two rows from the
middle of the sheathed fruit-stalk. Tips many, sitting, four sided,
fixed to the fruit-stalk, and disposed between the two rows of tendrils.
POINTALS. Seed-buds many, cloathing the base of the fruit-stalk, set
below the chives, inversely egg-shaped. Shafts none. Summits bearded
with soft hairs.
SEED-VESSELS. As many berries, globular, and one-celled.
SEEDS. Many, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Arum, acule; foliis ternatis, venosis, discoloribus; spatha declinata;
flore atro-purpureo.
Cuckow-pint, stemless; leaves threefold, full of veins, two-coloured;
sheath bent downward; flower of a deep purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The whole flower, shewn from the front with the sheath opened, to
expose the parts of fructification.
This pretty plant is a native of the East Indies, in that country from
which it derives its specific title. It has much affinity with many
others of the Genus, which at first sight appear rather as varieties,
than meriting to be treated as species; but, in this instance, we submit
our judgment to that of Dr. Roxburg, by whom it has been introduced to
us under the name it here bears, in the year 1802. Our figure was taken,
in the month of October 1803, from a plant in the collection of J. Vere,
Esq. Kensington Gore. The flower is scentless.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLVII.
ARCTOTIS PARADOXA.
_Chamomile-leaved Arctotis._
CLASS XIX. ORDER IV.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA._ Tips united. Necessary Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX _communis_ subrotundus, imbricatus; squamis inferioribus
laxioribus, subulatis; mediis ovatis; intimis oblongis; apice scarioso,
rotundato, concavo.
COROLLA _composita_ radiata; corollulæ hermaphroditæ plurimæ in disco.
Femininæ ligulatæ, fere viginti, disci diametro longiores.
_Propria_ hermaphroditis infundibuliformis; limbo quinquefido, apicibus
reflexis, æqualibus.
_Femineis_ ligulata, lanceolata, tenuissime tridentata, tubo brevissimo.
STAMINA hermaphroditis; filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevissima.
Anthera cylindracea, quinquedentata, longitudine corollulæ.
PISTILLUM _Hermaphroditis_; germen vix manifestum. Stylus cylindraceus,
corolla paulo longior. Stigma simplex.
_Femineis_ germen ovato-tetragonum, villosum, coronatum calyculo
proprio. Stylus filiformis. Stigmata duo, ovata-oblonga, crassiuscula,
erecta.
PERICARPIUM nullum. Calyx immutatus. Semina _Hermaphroditis_ nulla.
_Femineis_ solitaria, subrotunda, villosa. _Pappus_ perianthium proprium
pentaphyllum; foliolis ovatis, patentibus, coronatus perianthii proprii
foliolis ovatis in orbem positis.
RECEPTACULUM pilosum seu paleaceum, planiusculum.
EMPALEMENT _common_ roundish, tiled; lower scales more loose, awl
shaped; middle ones egg-shaped; innermost oblong; harsh, rounded,
concave at the point.
BLOSSOM _compound_ raied; hermaphrodite florets numerous in the center.
Of the Females tongue-shaped, nearly twenty, longer than the diameter of
the center.
_Proper_ of the _hermaphrodites_ funnel-shaped; border five-cleft, ends
reflexed, equal.
Of the _Females_ tongue-shaped, lance-shaped, slightly three-toothed;
tube very short.
CHIVES of the Hermaphrodites; five threads hair-like, very short. Tip
cylindric five-toothed, the length of the floret.
POINTAL of the _Hermaphrodites_; seed-bud scarce visible. Shaft
cylindric, a little longer than the blossom. Summit simple.
Of the _Females_ seed-bud egg-shaped four-cornered, hairy, crowned by
its proper cup. Shaft thread-shaped. Summits two, oblong-egg-shaped,
thickish, upright.
SEED-VESSEL none. Empalement unchanged. Seeds in the _Hermaphrodites_
none.
In the _Females_ solitary roundish, hairy. _Feather_, proper cup five
leaved; leaflets, egg-shaped, spreading, crowned by the proper cup with
the leaflets placed in a round.
RECEPTACLE hairy or chaffy, flattish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Arctotis flosculis radiantibus sterilibus; paleis disco longioribus
coloratis; foliis bipinnatis, linearibus.
Arctotis with the florets of the circumference sterile; chaffs coloured
and longer than the florets of the center; leaves doubly winged; linear.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. An inner Scale of the cup.
2. An outer Scale of the cup.
3. A Petal of the circumference, with its tubular base, which is
sterile.
4. A chalky division of the florets of the center, magnified.
5. A Female floret of the center, magnified.
6. The Chives of an Hermaphrodite floret, spread open and magnified.
7. The Pointal of an Hermaphrodite floret, natural size.
8. The same, magnified.
9. The Seed-bud of a female floret, natural size, with its feather.
10. The same, magnified.
Of all the plants, numerous as they are, composing this natural Class,
we know of no one, the Virgilia (a native of Peru, and introduced to us
from the Paris gardens by Mons. Thoin, about twenty years ago, but since
lost to Europe,) excepted, which can rival our present subject. It is a
native of the Cape of Good Hope, and is said, in the Kew Catalogue, to
have been introduced to that collection, in 1774, by Mr. Masson. Whether
this is the A. paradoxa of Linn. Sp. 1307. Vol. II, we are not certain,
as the chaff, dividing the florets, is there described as of nearly the
length of the ray, giving the flower an appearance of doubleness, and is
there likewise marked as an annual. But, there is little doubt of its
being the plant intended in the Kew Catalogue, under our title; it is
there made biennial, which is its true character, as it does not flower
the first year from seeds. It may be propagated by cuttings of the first
year’s growth; delights in a light sandy loam, and flowers in July or
August. Our drawing was made in 1802, from a plant in the Hibertian
Collection; which had been raised from seeds, sent the preceding year,
from the Cape, by Mr. Niven.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLVIII.
AMARYLLIS BRASILIENSIS.
_Brasilian Lily-Daffodil._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, campanulata, Stigma trifidum.
BLOSSOM 6-petalled, bell-shaped. Summit three-cleft.
See AMARYLLIS RADIATA, Pl. XCV. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Amaryllis, spatha bi-seu-triflora; petalis ovato-acuminatis, æqualibus,
costatis, ad basin albidis, patentibus; genitalibus declinatis; foliis
lineari-lanceolatis, acutis.
Lily-Daffodil, sheath two or three flowered; petals egg-shape tapered,
equal, ribbed, white at the base and spreading; parts of fructification
bent downwards; leaves linear-lance-shaped, pointed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A petal with its Chive.
2. The Seed-bud, with part of the tube of the Blossom and partial
Fruit-stalk.
This fine Lily, from the Brazils, can scarcely be thought more than a
variety of A. Reginæ; to which plant, both this, and the A. equestris of
Mr. Curtis, may be referred without much flexion of the original
species. We have, however, preserved the title under which it has been
known since its introduction; which was, in the year 1798, by the late
Marchioness of Bute, from Spain. Our drawing was taken from a plant in
the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, in the month of
October, 1803. It has all the merits of the most easily cultivated
species of the genus; increasing freely by the bulb, growing with
luxuriance in almost any earth, and requiring but little heat to make it
flower.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLIX.
TAGETES LUCIDA.
_Sweet Chili Marygold._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX _communis_ simplicissimus, monophyllus, tubulosus, oblongus,
pentagonus, quinquedentatus.
COROLLA _composita_ radiata; corollulæ hermaphroditæ tubulosæ, plures in
disco elevato; femineæ ligulatæ quinque in radio.
_Propria hermaphroditis_ tubulosa, semiquinquefida, erecta, calyce
longior; laciniis linearibus, introrsum villosis.
_Femineis_ ligulata, hermaphrodites longior, longitudine et latitudine
fere æqualis, obtusissima, versus tubum angustior, tomentosa persistens.
STAMINA Hermaphroditis; filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevissima.
Anthera cylindracea, tubulosa.
PISTILLUM _Hermaphroditis_; Germen oblongum. Stylus filiformis,
longitudine staminum. Stigma bifidum, tenue, reflexum.
_Femineis_; germen oblongum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine
hermaphroditis. Stigma bifidum, tenue, reflexum.
PERICARPIUM nullum. Calyx immutatus.
SEMINA Hermaphroditis solitaria, linearia, compressa, calyce paulo
breviora. Pappus aristis quinque, erectis, acuminatis, inæqualibus.
_Femineis_ similima hermaphrodites.
RECEPTACULUM nudum, planum.
EMPALEMENT _common_, quite simple, one leaf, tubular, oblong,
five-sided, five-toothed.
BLOSSOM, _compound_ raised; hermaphrodite florets tubular, numerous in
an elevated center; females tongue-shaped five in the circumference.
_Proper_ of the _Hermaphrodites_, tubular, half five-cleft, upright,
longer than the cup; segments linear, hairy within.
Of the _Females_ tongue-shaped longer than the hermaphrodites, of nearly
the same length and breadth, very blunt, narrower towards the tube,
downy, remaining.
CHIVES of the Hermaphrodites; five threads, hair-like, very short. Tip
cylindric, tubular.
POINTAL of the _Hermaphrodites_; seed-bud oblong. Shaft thread-shaped,
the length of the chives. Summit two-cleft, slender, reflexed.
Of the _Females_; seed-bud oblong. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of
the hermaphrodite. Summit two-cleft, slender, reflexed.
SEED-VESSEL none. Cup unchanged.
SEEDS of the Hermaphrodites solitary, linear, flat, a little shorter
than the cup. Feather five awns, upright, tapered, unequal.
Of the _Females_ like the hermaphrodites.
RECEPTACLE naked, flat.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Tagetes caule herbaceo, erecto, floribus cymosis, parvis, luteis,
odoratissimis.
Marygold with an upright, herbaceous stem; flowers in tufts, small,
yellow, and very sweet scented.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The common Empalement.
2. A Floret of the circumference, with its seed-bud and pointal.
3. The same, magnified.
4. A Floret of the center, natural size.
5. The same, magnified.
6. A ripe seed, magnified.
This plant is a native of Chili, South America, and was sent to England
by Dr. Ortega, from the Royal Gardens, Madrid, to the late Marchioness
of Bute; who first raised it from seeds in the year 1798. It is
perfectly herbaceous, but will flower the first year from the seed; will
endure moderate frost, and may be considered as a hardy herbaceous
plant. Is increased either by seeds, or by parting the roots; delights
in a moderately stiff soil; flowering from July till November. If kept
in a pot, the flowers, which are very fragrant, will continue in
succession through the whole winter.
Tagetes minuta of Linnæus’s Sp. Plant. Vol. II. p. 1250, quoted from his
Hortus Cliffortianus, and Dillenius’s Hortus Elthamensis, seems much
affined to this plant; but, as that is annual, this cannot be considered
as a variety of it.
Our drawing was taken at the Hammersmith Nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLX.
RENEALMIA NUTANS.
_Drooping-flowered Renealmia._
CLASS I. ORDER I.
_MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ One Chive. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium superum, monophyllum, apice rumpens in duo seu tres
dentes irregulares.
COROLLA monopetala. Tubus rectus, cylindricus; limbus trifidus; laciniis
duabus superioribus oblongis, rotundatis, æqualibus; inferiore
superioribus vix longiore, canaliculata, oblonga.
_Nectarium_ tubo corrollæ adnatum, sub laciniis superioribus adscendens,
rectum, longitudine corollæ, oblongum, basi utrinque unidentatum, tum
sinu excavate, apice dilatatum et obtuse trilobatum.
STAMEN. Filamentum nullum. Anthera unica, fauci tubi inserta, in sinu
laciniæ inferioris corollæ, nectario opposita, libera, recta, linearis,
emarginata, interius sulco exarata, longitudine et latitudine laciniæ
corollæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum, oblongum, obsolete triquetrum, glabrum.
Stylus filiformis, glaberrimus, erectus, longitudine corollæ. Stigma
peltatum; capitulo plano; latere ad nectarium vergente truncato,
perforato, foramine in stylum decurrente.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca oblonga, trisulca, teres, glabra, umbilico terminata;
carnosa, in medio trilocularis. Loculamenta mollia, membranacea.
SEMINA plurima, oblonga, truncata, tetragona, glaberrima.
EMPALEMENT. Cup above, one-leafed, breaking open into two or three
irregular teeth.
BLOSSOM on petal. Tube straight, cylindrical; border three-cleft; the
two upper segments oblong, rounded, equal; the lower one, scarcely
longer than the upper ones, channelled, oblong.
_Honey cup_ fixed to the tube of the blossom, ascending beneath the
upper segment straight the length of the blossom, oblong one-toothed on
each side of the base, then with a hollow bosom widening at the end and
obtusely three-lobed.
CHIVE. Thread, none. Tip one inserted into the throat of the tube, in
the bosom of the lower segment of the blossom, opposite to the
honey-cup, free, straight, linear, notched at the end, grooved on the
inside, of the same length and breadth as the segment of the blossom.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, oblong, obscurely three sided, smooth. Shaft
thread-shaped, very smooth, upright the length of the blossom. Summit
shield-shaped; with a flat head, the side fronting the honey-cup
appearing cut off, perforated by a hole running into the shaft.
SEED VESSEL. Berry oblong, three-furrowed, cylindrical, smooth,
terminated by a navel, fleshy in the middle, three-celled. Cells soft,
skinny.
SEEDS numerous, oblong, appearing cutoff, four-cornered, very smooth.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Renealmia foliis vaginantibus; floribus racemosis terminalibus pendulis;
fructu piloso.
Renealmia with sheathing leaves; flowers in bunches terminating the
branches, hanging down, fruit hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A miniature representation of the plant.
2. The outer sheath of the blossom.
3. A flower complete.
4. The Honey cup.
5. The Chive, Pointal, and Seed-bud.
6. The Pointal and Seed-bud cleared of the small inner sheath which
surrounds the base of the chive and shaft; with the summit detached and
magnified.
7. One of the small corpusculæ which embrace the base of the shaft,
magnified.
8. The small sheath which crowns the seed-bud, magnified.
9. The Seed-bud, cut transversely, magnified.
Amongst the numerous new plants introduced from China by the late Mr.
Slater, of Laytonstone, in the year 1793, this is certainly to be
considered as amongst the most beautiful. The only drawback to its
general merit, as a hot-house plant, is the great height to which it
might attain before it flowers; being in common fourteen or fifteen
feet. It propagates by offsets, and is kept with little trouble; as it
will flourish in almost any soil, and will flower, if set in any part of
the hot-house, so as not to interrupt its growth, the blossoms being
produced only from the summit. Although with us the stem is permanent,
as with some others of the same natural habit, yet it cannot, we think,
with propriety be considered as either a tree or shrub, but rather
herbaceous. Some contention, at first, arose whether this plant should
be referred to the present Genus; which was formed, by the younger
Linnæus, from a plant a native of Surinam, S. America, some of the parts
not exactly corresponding, especially the fruit; we have nevertheless
made no scruple in placing it to that Genus, with which, upon an
inspection of the dissections, it will be found very well to accord. Our
figure was taken from a plant which flowers, annually, in the month of
July, in the Collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore.
[Illustration]
INDEX
TO THE PLANTS CONTAINED IN VOL. V.