PISTILLUM. Germen superum, rotundo-trigonum, trisulcum. Stylus simplex,
corolla brevior. Stigma obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, triquetra, trilocularis, trivalvis.
SEMINA bina (sæpius,) subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT none.
BLOSSOM one petal, bell-shaped; border six-cleft, reflexed.
_Honey-cup_, three honied pores at the tip of the seed-bud.
CHIVES. Six threads awl-shaped, shorter. Tips converging.
POINTAL. Seed-bud above, round-three-cornered, three-furrowed. Shaft
simple, shorter than the blossom. Summit blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsula roundish, three-sided, three-celled, three-valved.
SEEDS in pairs (often,) roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hyacinthus corollis infundibuliformibus, corymbosis, erectis; scapo
foliis linearibus breviore.
Hyacinth with funnel-shaped blossoms, growing in a broad topped spike,
upright; flower-stem shorter than the leaves, which are linear.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom, with the Chives in their place, one Chive detached,
magnified.
2. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, the Summit detached, magnified.
Amongst the plants, of this natural order, from the Cape of Good Hope,
we find such an intermixture of character, in the different parts of
fructification; that, if some latitude is not taken in referring them to
some of the old genera, almost every fresh subject, we discover, would
require a new one. This plant, although we have placed it to Hyacinthus,
with those that have gone before us, has juster claims to Drimia,
Polyanthes or Scilla; for it is wanting in the essential characters of
Hyacinthus, being unfurnished with the honied pores, and having the
chives inserted into the tube of the blossom, three of which are,
alternately, double the length of the others. To Drimia, a new genus of
Professor Jacquin, and a mutilation of Hyacinthus, it is most allied;
but, we have not thought fit to alter its known station, as, without
doubt, the multiplication of genera, or altering the place of known
plants, adds but to the difficulties of a most intricate, though
pleasing study. It is a hardy green-house bulb; delights in a mixture of
peat earth and sandy loam; increases by offsets, and flowers in October
or November. Our figure was made from a plant in the Nursery of Mr.
Williams of Turnham Green, who first imported it in 1800. It is said, by
Koenig, to grow in pasture lands near the Cape town, and was first
noticed there by him.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXLVI.
CASUARINA STRICTA.
_Upright Casuarina._
CLASS XXI. ORDER I.
_MONOECIA MONANDRIA._ Chives and Pointal separate. One Chive.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
* _Masculi flores._
CALYX. Amentum filiforme, imbricatum, squamis minutis, unifloris.
COROLLA. Squamulæ bipartitæ, ovatæ, minutæ.
STAMINA. Filamentum unicum, capillare, squama amenti longius. Anthera
didyma.
* _Feminei flores in eadem arbore._
CALYX. Amentum ovato-cylindricum; squamis ovatis, acutis, carinatis,
ciliatis.
COROLLA nulla.
PISTILLUM. Germen minutum. Stylus filiformis, longus, exsertus, bifidus.
Stigmata duo.
PERICARPIUM. Strobilus squamis bivalvibus, perpendiculariter
dehiscentibus.
SEMINA solitaria, conica, margine membranacea.
* _Male flowers._
EMPALEMENT. Catkin thread-shape, tiled with small one-flowered scales.
BLOSSOM. Scales two-parted, ovate, minute.
CHIVES. Thread one, hair-like, longer than the scale of the catkin. Tip
double.
* _Female flowers on the same plant._
EMPALEMENT. Catkin ovate-cylindric, with egg-shaped, acute, keeled,
tiled scales.
BLOSSOM none.
POINTAL. Seed-bud minute. Shaft thread-shaped, long, without, two-cleft.
Summits two.
SEED VESSEL. Cone with two-valved scales, splitting perpendicularly.
SEEDS solitary, conical, with a skinny edge.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Casuarina dioica ramulellis erectis; strobilorum squamis inermibus;
vaginis masculis multi-fidis, glabris.
Casuarina with chives and pointals distinct, and upright branchlets;
scales of the cones naked, male sheaths many-parted, smooth.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Catkin, or terminal part of a male branchlet, magnified slightly.
2. The Shaft and Summit of a female floret.
3. The Cone, whilst yet in flower.
4. The same magnified.
The Casuarina stricta is a native of New South Wales, and was
introduced, by Messrs. Kennedy and Lee, in the year 1775. It is a hardy
green-house plant, grows to the height of ten or twelve feet before it
flowers, which is in November. It is perfectly dioicous; the male and
female blossoms, never coming on the same plant, and either have little
to recommend them for beauty; their singularity is what should sooner
attract our notice. The two figures, on the plate, which are the male
and female, were taken from two plants, in flower, at the same time, in
the collection of the Dowager Lady de Clifford, Paddington. All the
species, hitherto discovered, since the first, upon which the genus was
formed, the C. equisetifolia has, like this, the male and female parts
of fructification on different plants; that only, being monoicous, or
with the male and female parts on the same plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXLVII.
SOPHORA CAPENSIS.
_Vetch-leaved Sophora._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, breve, campanulatum, basi superne
gibbum; ore quinque-dentato, obliquo, obtuso.
COROLLA papillionacea, pentapetala.
_Vexillum_ oblongum, sensim latius, rectum, lateribus reflexis.
_Alæ_ duæ, oblongæ, basi appendiculatæ, longitudine vexilli.
_Carina_ dipetala; petalis alis conformibus, marginibus inferioribus
approximatis, navicularibus.
STAMINA. Filamenta decem, distincta, parallela, subulata, longitudine
corollæ, intra carina recondita. Antheræ minimæ, assurgentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, teres. Stylus magnitudine et situ staminum.
Stigma obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Legumen longissimum, tenue, uniloculare, ad semina nodosum.
SEMINA plurima, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leaf, short, bell-shaped, hunched at the base on the
upper side; mouth five-toothed, oblique, obtuse.
BLOSSOM butterfly-shaped, five petalled.
_Standard_ oblong, gradually wider, straight, reflexed at the sides.
_Wings_ two, oblong, appendicled at the base, the length of the
standard.
_Keel_ two petalled with the petals conformable to the wings, the lower
margins approaching and boat-shaped.
CHIVES. Ten threads, distinct, parallel, and shaped, the length of, the
blossom, within the keel. Tips very small, turned upwards.
POINTAL. Seed-bud oblong, cylindrical. Shaft the size and situation of
the chives. Summit blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Pod very long, slender, one-celled, knobbed at the seeds.
SEEDS many, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Sophora foliis pinnatis; foliolis lanceolatis, mucronatis, subtus
tomentosis; caule fruticoso.
Sophora with winged leaves; leaflets lance-shaped, pointed, downy
beneath; stem shrubby.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup.
2. The Standard, or upper Petal.
3. One side Petal, or Wing of the Blossom.
4. One of the Petals of the Keel.
5. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
6. One of the Chives, magnified.
7. The Pointal, natural size.
This is a plant of considerable size at the Cape of Good Hope, so much
so, as to be looked upon there rather as a tree, than shrub. It was
first sent to England, in the year 1773, by Mr. F. Masson; is a hardy
green-house plant; thrives in a mixture of loam and peat, and flowers in
August, or September. There is no method, yet discovered, to propagate
it in this country; but, as seeds are so common of this plant, near Cape
town, there is scarce a parcel arrives, from thence, which does not
contain some of them.
Among the new modern vagaries in botany, this genus has been thought, by
the French botanists, (those admirable perplexers of natural order,) to
be better divided in two, as some of the species happen to have the
joints of the pods a little more swelled than others. How so trifling a
variation, and that in a part of the plant which is known to vary, in
almost every genus, through most of the species, where they are
numerous; should have been deemed of sufficient moment to alter the
names of so many established plants, and those determined by such
authority as Linnæus, we are at a loss to determine; and are equally
astonished that Willdenow should have followed them. The new genus is
termed Podalyria, and to which, this plant is attached in the new
system.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXLVIII.
SCHOTIA SPECIOSA.
_Lentiscus leaved Schotia._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, coloratum; tubus turbinatus,
subcompressus, carnosus; persistens; limbus semiquinquefidus; laciniis
ovatis, concavis, obtusis, erectis, æqualibus.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, tubo calycis imposita, oblonga, concava,
obtusa, erecta, æqualia, lateribus mutuò incumbentia, sessilia, laciniis
calycinis duplo longiora.
STAMINA. Filamenta decem, subulata, erecta, petalis paulo longiora, tubo
calycis in orbem inserta. Antheræ oblongæ, incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, compressum, pedicellatum. Stylus filiformis,
longitudine staminum. Stigma simplex, obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Legumen pedicellatum.
SEMINA bina, ossea, subovata, magna.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, coloured; tube top-shaped, rather flattened,
fleshy; permanent; border half five-cleft; segments egg-shaped, concave,
blunt, upright, equal.
BLOSSOM. Five petals, placed on the tube of the cup, oblong, concave,
blunt, upright, equal, lying over each other at the sides, sitting,
twice as long as the segments of the cup.
CHIVES. Ten threads, awl-shaped, upright, a little longer than the
petals, inserted in a ring into the tube of the cup. Tips oblong, laying
on the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud oblong; flattened, with a foot-stalk. Shaft
thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summit simple, blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. A pod with a foot-stalk.
SEEDS two, bony, a little egg-shaped, large.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Schotia foliis pinnatis; foliolis ovatis, mucronatis; floribus cymosis,
profundé carneis.
Schotia with winged leaves; leaflets egg-shaped, terminating in a point;
flowers in tufts and of a deep flesh colour.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower cut and spread open, shewn from the outside.
2. The same, shewn from the inside.
3. A Flower, with the petals, and border of the Cup removed, to shew the
insertion of the Chives into the tube of the Cup.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, with the tube of the Cup cut in
halves.
Our present subject stood formerly attached to the genus Guaiacum, under
the title of G. affrum, and has been long cultivated in Britain and
Holland, perhaps more than a century. Professor Jacquin, in his
_Collectanea ad Bot._ &c. Vol. I. p. 93, thought fit to constitute it a
new genus, naming it after his companion R. van der Schot. About the
same time, the year 1786, a monograph on this plant was published at
Manheim, by Fred. Casim. Medikus, under the name of Theodora Speciosa;
but Jacquin’s title has universally obtained. To preserve this plant in
good health, it should be kept in the coolest part of the hot-house, or
in a dry stove, the warmth of a common green-house being insufficient to
preserve its foliage through the winter months. It is a native of all
that extent of the African coast from Senegal river, to the Cape of Good
Hope, where it grows to the height of twenty feet and upwards. The
seeds, which are frequently imported, keep many years in a vegetative
state, and is, almost, the only method by which it can be propagated;
for little success can be hoped, either from layers, or cuttings. It
flowers from October till December, delighting in a light sandy loam.
Perhaps, no plant which has been as long in cultivation with us, has so
seldom been seen to flower; for, although the plants in the Kew gardens
and elsewhere, are of a considerable size, yet have we few instances of
its flowering, no mention being made of its time of inflorescence in the
catalogue of that collection.
From a plant, still in flower, this present December 1803, which was
literally covered with blossoms above two feet from its top, our drawing
was taken; it is in the valuable and extensive collection of Isaac
Swainson, Esq. Twickenham; which for scientific arrangement and richness
in hardy shrubs and herbaceous plants, in particular, yields to no
private or public collection we know of; and which, the extreme urbanity
of the liberal proprietor, is at all times open, to every botanist or
collector.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXLIX.
PROTEA DECUMBENS.
_Slender-stemed Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra
apicem.
CALYX proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft or 4-petalled. Tips linear, inserted into the petals
below the point.
CUP, proper, none. Seeds solitary.
See PROTEA FORMOSA, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis bi-pinnatis, filiformibus; capitulis terminalibus,
sessilibus; floribus incarnatis, bracteolatis; caule tenue, decumbente.
Protea with doubly winged leaves, thread-shaped; small heads of flowers
sitting close on the ends of the branches; flowers flesh-coloured with
small floral leaves; stem slender and bending downwards.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Leaf.
2. One of the Floral Leaves, magnified.
3. A Floret, complete.
4. One of the Petals, with its Chive at the point, magnified.
5. The Pointal, with the Summit detached and magnified.
From the great number of new species of the divided leaved Proteas, we
are led to conjecture, that they are as numerous as those with entire
leaves. The P. decumbens, from the different specimens we have seen,
appears to branch into many varieties; some with hairy leaves and stems,
some with very close thick set leaves, and some, with both stems and
leaves, quite smooth. They are all, nevertheless, very slender stemed;
and, there is little doubt but, in their natural state, they rest on the
ground; although in the fashion we train them here, they have the
appearance of being erect. This species is found at a considerable
distance from the Cape Town, on the summits of dry sandy hills;
wherefore, it must be kept in the most airy part of the green-house, and
watered but seldom. The stem does not grow more than eighteen inches
long, and frequently flowers, as was the case in the present instance,
when not more than twelve. It is propagated, readily, from cuttings made
in the month of May, if treated in the method already directed for the
increase of these plants. The earth in which it should be planted is, a
light sandy bright loam. Our drawing was taken in the month of July,
1802, from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, to which it was
introduced by Mr. Niven, in the year 1800.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCL.
LACHENALIA PUSTULATA.
_Rough-leaved Lachenalia._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpetala, infera; petalis tribus infera; petalis tribus
interioribus longioribus. Stamina erecta. Capsula sub-ovata, trialata.
Semina globosa.
BLOSSOM 6-petals, beneath; the three inner petals the longest. Chives
erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-winged. Seeds globular.
See LACHENALIA PENDULA, Pl. XLI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Lachenalia foliis geminis, lanceolato-linearibus, dense facie
pustulatis; scapo reclinato; floribus sub-campanulatis, albo-virentibus.
Lachenalia with leaves in pairs, linearly-lance-shaped, thickly covered
with pustules on the face; stem bent downwards; flowers rather
bell-shaped, of a whitish green.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower.
2. The same, cut open, with the Chives in their place.
3. The Pointal.
The drawing, from which our figure of this species of Lachenalia was
taken, was made from a plant communicated by Isaac Swainson, Esq. from
his Botanic Gardens, Twickenham, Middlesex; where it is still in flower,
this present month of January, 1804; and where we believe it is only to
be met with at present in this kingdom. It is one of the largest growing
plants of the genus, the leaves when in a soil it approves attaining the
length of eighteen inches, or more. It is as hardy as any of the tribe,
very fragrant, easily preserved, increasing freely by the root, and
flowering with certainty when the bulb has become of a sufficient size.
It grows best in a mixture of light loam and peat, about two-thirds
loam, and one of peat.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLI.
PULTENÆA RUBIÆFOLIA.
_Madder-leaved Pultenæa._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX quinque-dentatus, utrinque appendiculatus. Corolla papillionacea,
alis vexillo brevioribus. Legumen uniloculare, dispermum.
CUP five-toothed, with an appendage on each side. Blossom
butterfly-shaped, with the wings shorter than the standard. Pod of one
cell with two seeds.
See PULTENÆA DAPHNOIDES, Pl. XCVIII. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pultenæa foliis ternis, verticillatis, lanceolatis, serratis, rigidis;
floribus capitatis, cæruleo-purpureis.
Pultenæa with leaves growing by threes in whorls, lance-shaped, sawed
and harsh; flowers grow in heads, and of a bluish purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup.
2. The Standard.
3. One of the Wings.
4. The two Petals of the Keel.
5. The Chives and Pointal.
6. The same, magnified.
7. The Pointal.
8. A ripe Seed-pod, open.
9. One of the Seeds, of its natural size when ripe.
Here we find another hiatus to fill up, or pass over; either a new genus
is to be formed for this plant, or we must not boggle at trifles, and
skip over one of the essential characters of Dr. Smith’s Pultenæas, the
appendicles or props at the side of the cup, which are wanting in this
plant, though agreeing in every other. We have, however, until the
Doctor shall think fit to regulate these new, numerous and intricate
genera and species from New Holland, made no scruple to add this plant,
as another species, to the genus Pultenæa. It is a low growing bushy
shrub, seldom attaining more than a foot in height; is very apt to be
destroyed by damp in winter, and is not to be propagated but by seeds,
which, however, it perfects in this country. The blossoms begin to
appear in May, and continue in succession through the summer months of
June, July, and August. It should be kept warm and dry in winter,
growing with most luxuriance in light sandy peat earth, and flowering
the second year from the seed. This plant was first raised in 1792, by
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, at their nursery, Hammersmith, where our
drawing was taken.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLII.
HELONIAS BULLATA.
_Spear-leaved Helonias._
CLASS VI. ORDER III.
_HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA. Petala sex, oblonga, æqualia, decidua.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, subulata, corolla paulo longiora. Antheræ
incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, trigonum. Styli tres, breves, reflexi.
Stigmata obtusa.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, trilocularis.
SEMINA numerosa, angulata, minima.
EMPALEMENT, none.
BLOSSOM. Six petals, oblong, equal, deciduous.
CHIVES. Six threads, awl-shaped, a little longer than the blossom. Tips
lying on the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, three-sided. Shafts three, short and
reflexed. Summits obtuse.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, three-celled.
SEEDS numerous, angulated, very small.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Helonias foliis lanceolatis, nervosis; bracteis cordato-lanceolatis.
Helonias with lance-shaped, nerved leaves; floral leaves between lance
and heart-shaped.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Flower, complete.
2. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
3. The same, magnified.
All the species of this genus, yet discovered, are natives of North
America, and are considered as hardy herbaceous plants; the winters of
this country not being too severe for them; although they are found as
far south as Carolina, yet they are more plentiful in Pennsylvania,
about Philadelphia. They flourish most in a shady, moist situation; and
increase, freely, by parting the roots in the month of March. The
flowers are produced in May, the flower-stem increasing in length, till
the flowers are entirely decayed. The Helonias bullata has been an
inhabitant of our gardens ever since the year 1758, when it was
introduced by Mr. Ph. Miller, and cultivated by him at Chelsea. See
Mill. ic. 181. t. 272.
Our drawing was made at the Nursery, Hammersmith, in June 1801.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLIII.
ASPALATHUS CRASSIFOLIUS.
_Thick-leaved Aspalathus._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads in two sets. Ten Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquefidum; laciniis acuminatis,
æqualibus, superiore longiore.
COROLLA papillionacea.
_Vexillum_ compressum, adscendens, obovatum, externe sæpius hirsutum,
obtusum cum acumine.
_Alæ_ lunulatæ, obtusæ, patulæ, vexillo breviores.
_Carina_ bifida, alis conformis.
STAMINA. Filamenta decem, connata in vaginam, superne dehiscentem
longitudinaliter, adscendentia. Antheræ oblongæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen ovatum. Stylus simplex, adscendens. Stigma acutum.
PERICARPIUM. Legumen ovatum, muticum.
SEMINA sæpius duo, reniformia.
OBS. _Singulare huic sunt folia ex eadem gemma plura in planta
frutescente._
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, half-five-cleft; segments tapered, equal, the
upper one longer.
BLOSSOM butterfly-shape.
_Standard_ compressed, ascending, inversely egg-shaped, often hairy on
the outside, obtuse with a point.
_Wings_ half-moon-shaped, obtuse, spreading, shorter than the standard.
_Keel_ two-cleft, like the wing.
CHIVES. Ten threads, united into a sheath, gaping longitudinally at top,
ascending. Tips oblong.
POINTAL. Seed-bud egg-shaped. Shaft simple, ascending. Summit pointed.
SEED VESSEL. Pod egg-shaped, beardless.
SEEDS frequently two, kidney-shaped.
OBS. _This genus is singular in having several leaves from the same bud,
on a shrubby plant._
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Aspalathus foliis fasciculatis, carnosis, teretibus, glabris, apicibus
setaceis; floribus capitatis, terminalibus; calycibus bracteatis.
Aspalathus with leaves bundled, fleshy, cylindrical, smooth and bristled
at the point; flowers grow in heads at the end of the branches; cups
with floral leaves.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup.
2. The Standard.
3. One of the Wings.
4. The Keel.
5. The Chives and Pointal.
6. The Chives, spread open and magnified.
7. The Pointal.
From the number of specimens in the herbarium of G. Hibbert, Esq. which
we should refer to this genus; it stands fair to rival, in number of
species, every other, natives of the Cape of Good Hope; with the
exception of Erica, Geranium, and Protea. This species has many
varieties, and we are in doubt whether this is not one from the A.
carnosa, or A. pinguis of Thunberg; for although, the cup, in the one,
may differ, in having the segments described as pointed; and in the
other, the leaves may be rather three-sided; yet, may our plant be no
more than a slight variation from either of them: but this we cannot
decide without living plants of each, for dried specimens would not
determine the fact.
This plant was introduced to the Hibbertian Collection, in 1800, by Mr.
Niven, from the Cape. It is a tender green-house plant, grows to the
height of eighteen inches, very bushy, and covers itself with flowers
about July; in which month, 1803, our drawing was taken. It has hitherto
put the ability of Mr. Allen, which is not often the case, to a stand
for a method to propagate it; but we have hopes, as most of the species
do, that it will ripen its seeds in this country.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCLIV.
GERANIUM REVOLUTUM.