THE RIVALS
The essential superiority of a White Race over a Coloured Race may
fairly be accepted as a "first principle" in any discussion of world
politics. There are numberless facts to be gathered from 2500 years of
history to justify that faith, and there is lacking as yet any great
body of evidence to support the other idea, that modern conditions of
warfare and of industry at last have so changed the factors in human
greatness that mere numbers and imitative faculty can outweigh the
superior intellectual capacity and originating genius characteristic of
the European peoples. Nevertheless it must be admitted that the
conditions, in warfare and in industry, of life to-day as compared with
life in past centuries, have increased the value of numbers and of a
faculty of blind obedience, and have proportionately decreased the
relative value of individual character. An Asiatic army to-day is
relatively better fitted to cope with a European army; an Asiatic
factory is relatively more efficient.
It is necessary, therefore, to call to aid all the reassuring records of
history if one would keep a serene faith that the future of the Pacific,
and with it the future of the world, is not destined to be dominated by
the Asiatic rather than by the European. Japan with her fertile people
and sterile soil has done so much since she discovered that the test
imposed on a people by Christian civilisation is based on their powers
of destruction, that there is good reason for the alarm expressed by
many thinkers (with the German Emperor as their leader) as to "the
Yellow Peril." China, too, awaking now after the slumber of centuries
and grasping at the full equipment of a modern nation, reinforces that
alarm. It is conceivable that White civilisation may be for a while
worsted and driven from some of its strongholds by the arms which it has
taught the Coloured Races to use. "Asia for the Asiatics," may be a
battle-cry raised in the future not without avail. But in time European
superiority must again assert itself.
There are many pessimists who foretell the doom of the White Races
coming from a sterility self-imposed for the sake of better ease. They
see in every advance of comfort a cause of further weakness, and they
picture luxury as rapidly corroding the supports of our society. But it
is comforting to recall that every age has had the same gloomy critics,
and the Golden Age has always been represented in the past by the
pessimists of the present. For myself, I am daring enough to think that
the White Races of to-day are neither enervated nor decadent: that in
physique, in good health and in sense of public duty they are improving
rather than deteriorating; and that the Europe of next century will be
more happy, more vigorous and more sane than the Europe of to-day. There
_was_ a time for the joy of pessimists, but it is a past time, that
dismal past century when the industrial epoch rushed on man all
unawares, when the clattering machine came to sweep away handicrafts,
and the new economic idea of human beings as "hands" affected
poisonously all social relations. It was as though a cumbrous wain,
well-built for its slow and sedate rumbling, had suddenly been hitched
to a rushing steam engine. There were disturbances, clatterings,
groanings, and creakings. The period of adjustment was a painful one.
But it is passing. Meliorism is the justifiable faith of the future.
The future of the Pacific, I hold then, is with the White Races. At the
best, the Asiatic can hope to hold his own continent in security. Japan
had the chance of securing a temporary dominance after the war with
Russia, and at one time was said to have been on the verge of a struggle
with the United States, as an assertion of that dominance. But the cloud
passed over. With the opening of the Panama Canal, now a matter only of
months, the opportunity of Japan will have finally passed. With the
gradual re-establishment of British naval power in the ocean, a
re-establishment which will come through the agency of Australia,
Canada, and New Zealand, if not through the Home Country, and which will
be "anti-Asiatic" in purpose, a further veto will be put on any
aggressive ambitions on the part of an Asiatic Power. The statesmen of
Japan, indeed, seem to recognise that she has had her day of greatest
power, and must be content for the future to be tolerated in her present
position as one of the "Powers" forming the great council of the
foremost nations. But in considering Japan, allowance must always be
made for the danger of the people getting out of the hands of the
oligarchy which rules them. The Japanese people, fed fat on praise of
their own prowess, may one day force a mad course on statesmen asked to
choose between civil and foreign war. Such a war would be doomed to
failure for financial if for no other reasons. But it might leave a deep
stain of blood on the Pacific.
China--a Federal Republic, and rid of the Manchus if present appearances
(1912) are not belied--will have no aggressive ambitions for some years
to come. She may insist, and rightly insist, on more honourable
treatment from foreign nations. But it is not likely that she will set
Fleets ranging over the Pacific in search of conquests. By the time that
China has come to a warlike mood--if she does ever come--the White Races
will be fully equipped for any struggle. The greatest Asiatic peril, so
far as warlike forces are concerned, is of a Japanese-Chinese alliance:
and the chance of that is slight, for the two peoples are not
sympathetic. It will be noted that the very first official paper of the
nascent Chinese Republic is a letter of complaint to the Japanese
Government.
If it is agreed that the Pacific will fall, as the Mediterranean did, as
the Atlantic did, to the rule of the White Man, the next step is to
consider, which people? There is, in addition to much evidence, the
temptation of race-pride to suggest that of all the European peoples the
Anglo-Celtic (controlling the British Empire and the United States) is
inherently the best equipped for world dominance. But that is not nearly
so sure as is the superiority of the White over the Coloured Races. The
Latin peoples--Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards--have in their day won to
lofty greatness. The French--in the main Latin, but with a large element
of Celtic and some element of Teutonic blood--were supreme in the world
for many generations, and are not exhausted to-day. There is not an
incident of Anglo-Saxon history; either of fighting against tremendous
odds and winning a victory which the stars in their courses seemed to
forbid; or of making disaster glorious by a Spartan death; or of pushing
out on some frail plank into an unknown sea--which cannot be matched by
some incident equally noble from the records of the Latin peoples or the
French people. The Teutons are only now making their bid for mastery:
the Slavs may have a great future. The future dominance of Europe may be
for any one of the European peoples.
But the position in the Pacific can be simplified for the present by
the elimination of all the European Powers but two. Spain and Portugal
have had their day there, and have passed away. Neither France, Germany,
Austria nor Italy can venture any great force from Europe. Nor is any
one of them strongly established in the Pacific. Great Britain would be
content with the Atlantic but that her overseas Empire gives her duties
and advantages in the new ocean. The Pacific possessions of the British
Empire were unsought. But they will be held. The other European Power in
the Pacific is Russia, which has been checked but not destroyed there.
That the supremacy of Europe--at present held, so far as any enterprises
beyond its seas are concerned, by Great Britain--may pass to other hands
is not impossible; and that would affect, of course, the position in the
Pacific. Speculation on that point, however, is outside the scope of
this book, which has attempted to deal with the Pacific conditions of
the present and immediate future.
On the facts there must be a further elimination of European Powers in
the Pacific, since Russia has no naval forces there and no design of
creating such forces. There is at present a natural bewilderment in the
Russian mind as a consequence of the recent war with Japan. That
struggle destroyed her power in Europe as well as in Asia, and the
European balance must be restored first. During the next five
years--which will be the critical years--Russia will not count in the
Pacific except as the useful ally of some powerful naval nation--either
of Japan, the United States or Great Britain.
Great Britain is thus left as the sole European Power capable of
independent effort in the Pacific. Clearly the rivalry for the dominance
of the ocean lies between her and the United States. To discuss that
rivalry is to discuss the real problem of the Pacific. It may be done
frankly, I trust, without raising suggestions of unfriendliness. A frank
discussion of the problem, carried out on both sides of the Atlantic,
would be of the greatest value to civilisation. For the position seems
to be that both Powers are preparing to capture the Pacific; that
neither Power can hold it against the other; and that a peaceful
settlement can only be founded on complete mutual understanding.
It is true that if the United States decides "to play a lone hand," she
may win through if all the circumstances are favourable, for she seems
destined to control the resources of all America. It is likely that
within this decade the United States Flag will fly (either as that of
the actually governing or the suzerain Power) over all the territory
south of the Canadian border to the southern bank of the Panama Canal.
Intervention has been threatened once already in Mexico. With any
further disorder it may be carried into effect. The United States cannot
afford to allow the chance of a disorderly force marching down to
destroy £70,000,000 worth of United States property. Central America
has been marked down for a process of peaceful absorption. The treaty
with Honduras (a similar one exists with Nicaragua) shows the method of
this absorption. It provides:
"The Government of Honduras undertakes to make and negotiate a contract
providing for the refunding of its present internal and external debt
and the adjustment and settlement of unliquidated claims for the placing
of its finances upon a sound and stable basis, and for the future
development of the natural and economic resources of that country. The
Governments of the United States and Honduras will take due note of all
the provisions of the said contract when made, and will consult, in
order that all the benefits to Honduras and the security of the loan may
at the same time be assured.
"The loan, which shall be made pursuant to the above undertaking, shall
be secured upon the customs of Honduras, and the Government of Honduras
agrees not to alter the import or export Customs duties, or other
charges affecting the entry, exit, or transit of goods, during the
existence of the loan under the said contract, without consultation and
agreement with the Government of the United States.
"A full and detailed statement of the operations under this contract
shall be submitted by the fiscal agent of the loan to the Department of
State of the United States and to the Minister of Finance of the
Government of Honduras at the expiration of each twelve months, and at
such other times as may be requested by either of the two Governments.
"The Government of Honduras, so long as the loan exists, will appoint
from a list of names to be presented to it by the fiscal agent of the
loan and approved by the President of the United States of America, a
collector-general of Customs, who shall administer the Customs in
accordance with the contract securing said loan, and will give this
official full protection in the exercise of his functions. The
Government of the United States will in turn afford such protection as
it may find necessary."
Under the terms of these loan conventions the independence of Honduras
and Nicaragua dwindles to nothing. The purpose of the arrangements was
stated by Mr President Taft in his message to Congress: "Now that the
linking of the oceans by the Isthmian Canal is nearing assured
realisation, the conservation of stable conditions in the adjacent
countries becomes a still more pressing need, and all that the United
States has hitherto done in that direction is amply justified, if there
were no other consideration, by the one fact that this country has
acquired such vast interest in that quarter as to demand every effort on
its part to make solid and durable the tranquillity of the neighbouring
countries."
"Solid and durable tranquillity" means in effect United States control.
From the control of Central America to that of South America is a big
step, but not an impossible one; and the United States already claims
some form of suzerainty over the Latin-American peoples there. It
insists upon giving them protection against Europe, whether they wish it
or not, and under certain circumstances would exercise a right of veto
over their foreign policy. The United States also is engaged in
promoting through the Pan-American Bureau a policy of American
continental unity. This Bureau was the outcome of the Pan-American
Conference convened by Mr Blaine in 1890. The general object of the
Bureau "is not only to develop friendship, commerce, and trade, but to
promote close relations, better acquaintance, and more intimate
association along economic, intellectual, educational and social lines,
as well as political and material lines, among the American Republics."
"The Bureau for commercial purposes," its Director, Mr Barrett, reports,
"is in touch in both North and South America, on the one hand with
manufacturers, merchants, exporters, and importers, doing all it can to
facilitate the exchange and building up of trade among the American
nations, and on the other hand with University and College Presidents,
professors, and students, writers, newspaper men, scientists, and
travellers, providing them with a large variety of information that will
increase their interests in the different American nations." The Bureau
publishes handbooks and reports on the various countries containing
information relating to their commercial development and tariffs.
There will be held this year (1912) at Washington a Pan-American
Conference on trade, organised by the Bureau, "to awaken the commercial
organisations, representative business men, and the general public of
both North and South America to an appreciation of the possibilities of
Pan-American commerce, and the necessity of preparing for the opening of
the Panama Canal." "The Conference," says the official announcement,
"will have a novel feature in that it will consider the exchange of
trade--imports as well as exports--and the opportunities not only of the
United States to extend the sale of her products in Latin America, but
of Latin America to sell her products in the United States, for only
upon the basis of reciprocal exchange of trade can a permanent large
commerce and lasting good relations be built up between the United
States and her twenty sister American Republics. Heretofore all
discussions and meetings have considered only the export field, with a
corresponding unfortunate effect on public opinion in Latin America, and
her attitude towards the efforts of the United States to increase her
commerce with that important part of the world. Another special feature
will be a careful consideration, from the standpoint of the business
interests of all the American countries interested in the Panama Canal,
of what should be done to get ready for greater exchange of trade
through that waterway, and to gain practical advantages to their
commerce from the day it is opened."
The policy of Pan-America may one day come into effect, and the United
States Power command the resources of all America except Canada. (That
Canada will ever willingly come under her suzerainty seems now little
likely.) But from Cape Horn to the Gulf of St Lawrence is an Empire of
mighty resources, great enough to sate the ambition of any Power, but
yet not forbidding the ambition to make it the base for further
conquests.
Yet, withal, the United States cannot rely confidently on an unchecked
career of prosperity. She may have her troubles. Indeed, she has her
troubles. No American of to-day professes to know a solution of the
negro problem. "There are two ways out of the difficulty," said one
American grimly; "to kill all the negroes, and to deport all the
negroes; and neither is humanly possible." To allow them to be absorbed
by intermarriage with the White population is unthinkable, and would, in
a generation or two, drag the United States down to the level of a
larger Hayti. A settlement of the black question will one day, sooner or
later, absorb the American mind for some time to the exclusion of all
else. Neither the acquisition of territories with great coloured
populations, nor the extension of suzerainty over half-breed countries
will do anything to simplify that problem.
There is also a possible social difficulty to be faced by the United
States. The present differences between rich and poor are too extreme to
be safe. Too many of the rich despise the poor on the ground that to be
poor is to be a failure: too many of the poor hate the rich with a
wolfish hatred as successful bandits. The quick growth of material
prosperity has cloaked over this class feeling. When there were good
crumbs for everybody the too-great wealth of the rich was not so
obvious. But the time comes when the United States is no longer a Tom
Tiddler's ground where everybody can pick up something: and the rivalry
between those who have too much and those who have too little begins to
show nakedly.
In short, the United States, justified as she is to keep a superb
confidence in her own resources, might find a policy of hostile rivalry
to the British Power in the Pacific an impossible one to carry through,
for it would not be wise statesmanship on her part to presume that her
future history will be, at home and abroad, an uninterrupted course of
prosperity.
There is no need to presume that hostile rivalry. On the other hand,
there is no wisdom in following blindly a policy of drift which may lead
to that rivalry. The question of the future of the Pacific narrows down
to this: Will two great Powers, sprung from the same race, take
advantage of a common tongue to talk out frankly, honestly, their aims
and purpose so that they may arrive at a common understanding?
There are some obstacles to such an understanding. The first is American
diplomacy, which, whilst truthful to the point of brusqueness, is
strangely reluctant to avow its real objects, for the reason, I think,
that it often acts without admitting even its own mind into confidence.
The boy who makes his way to the unguarded apple orchard does not admit
to himself that he is after apples. He professes to like the scenery in
that direction. American diplomacy acts in the same way. It would have
been impossible, for instance, to have obtained from the American
Government ten years ago a confidential declaration, in a friendly way,
of the Pacific policy which is now announced. Yet it should have been
quite plain to the American mind after the seizure of the Philippines
and the fortification of Hawaii, if the American mind would have
consented to examine into itself. Now, it is not possible for two great
nations to preserve a mutual friendship without a mutual confidence.
Another obstacle to a perfect British-American understanding is that
British diplomacy is always at its worst in dealing with the United
States. That combination of firmness with politeness which is used in
European relations is abandoned for a policy of gush when dealing with
America. Claims for a particular consideration founded on relationship
are made which are sometimes a little resented, sometimes a little
ridiculed. British diplomats do not "keep their dignity" well in
negotiating with the United States. They are so obsessed with the
feeling that to drift into bad terms with the great English-speaking
Republic would be calamitous, that they give a suspicion sometimes of
truckling. There would be a better feeling if relationship were not so
much insisted upon and reliance were placed instead on a mutual respect
for power and on a community of purpose in most quarters of the globe.
Meekness does not sit well on the British manner, and often the
American's view of "relationship talk" is that it is intended as a
prelude to inducing him into a bad bargain.
It should always be the aim of the leaders of American and British
public opinion to encourage friendship between the two nations. But it
is not wise to be for ever insisting that, because of their blood
relationship, a serious quarrel between them is impossible. True, a
struggle between Great Britain and the United States would have all the
horrors of a civil war, but even civil wars happen; and it is human
nature that relatives should sometimes let bickering, not intended at
the outset to be serious, drift into open rupture. The sentimental talk
founded, as it were, on the idea that the United States and Great
Britain are married and must hold together "for better or for worse," is
dangerous.
When Pacific questions come up for discussion in the near future, there
is likely, however, to be a modification in the old British methods of
diplomacy, for the Dominions of Canada, Australia and New Zealand must
be allowed to take part in the discussions; and Australia and New
Zealand have a certain impatient Imperialism on which I have remarked
before. Their attitude in foreign affairs appears as almost truculent to
European ideas of diplomacy. Probably Canada will show the same spirit,
for it is the spirit of youth in nationhood, with its superb
self-confidence still lacking the sobering effects of experience.
It is a mistaken idea, though an idea generally held in some quarters,
that the British Dominions in the Pacific are more sympathetic with
American than with British ideas. The contrary is the case. Where there
are points of difference between the Anglo-Celtic race in Great Britain
and in the United States, the British Dominions lean to their Mother
Country. Their progressive democracy is better satisfied with the
conditions under the shadow of a Throne, which has nothing of tyranny
and little of privilege, than with those offering under a Republic whose
freedom is tempered a good deal with plutocratic influences. "To be
exactly opposite to everything which is known as 'American'--that is the
ideal of Australian democracy," said a responsible statesman of the
Commonwealth. The statement was put strongly so as to arrest attention;
but it contained a germ of truth. In spite of the theoretical
Republicanism of a majority of the Australian people, their practical
decisions would almost always favour the British rather than the
American political system.
The fervid welcome recently given in the Pacific to the Fleet of
American battleships which circumnavigated the world, gave rise to some
misconceptions. American press correspondents with the Fleet generally
formed the idea that Australia in particular was ready to fall into the
arms of the United States at the first advance. But that welcome was in
part simply the expression of a warm feeling of hospitality for visitors
of a kindred race. For the rest, it was an expression of gratitude for
the reassurance which the American Fleet gave that a White Race was
determined to be a Power in the Pacific. Great Britain had just renewed
her treaty with Japan, which had defeated Russia, and this treaty left
the Japanese Fleet as the guardian of the British interests in the
ocean. To the Australian mind such guardianship was worse than useless.
If it were ever a question between accepting the guardianship of the
United States--with all its implied obligations--and modifying their
anti-Asiatic policy, Australia, Canada and New Zealand would, without a
doubt, accept the first alternative. But they would very much prefer
that the British Power should be the guardian of their safety,
especially a British Power largely supplied and controlled by
themselves.
It is towards that development that events now move. It has its danger
in that there may be a growing brusqueness in British negotiations in
the Pacific. The Dominions of Canada, Australia and New Zealand (I
include Canada because all the indications are that she will now fall
into line with the other Pacific British nations), paying so much to the
piper, will want to call the tune: and whereas British diplomacy with
the United States is to-day a shade too deferential, Australasian and
Canadian diplomacy possibly will fall into the other error. Experience,
of course, will cure the impatience of youth in time. But it is
important that at the outset there should be no occasions for bad
feeling. A friendly informal conference between Great Britain, the
United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, ushering in the
opening of the Panama Canal, would provide an opportunity for beginning
the frank discussion which is needed.
The position in the Pacific confronting such a conference would be this:
that friendly co-operation between the United States and Great Britain
would give to the Anglo-Saxon race the mastery of the world's greatest
ocean, laying for ever the fear of the Yellow Peril, securing for the
world that its greatest readjustment of the balance of power shall be
effected in peace: but that rivalry between these two kindred nations
may cause the gravest evils, and possibly irreparable disasters.
THE END
INDEX
Acadia (_see_ Nova Scotia).
Adriatic, the, 41.
Ainus, the, 35, 138.
Albuquerque takes Malacca, 96.
Alexander the Great, 21, 103.
Alliance between Great Britain and Japan, 39, 42, 199 _et seq._
Amber, the Arabian search for, 22.
America: a "New France" in, 165.
American bureau, the, 272, 273.
conferences, 272, 273.
diplomacy, 224, 275, 276.
--educated Chinese, 53, 54.
Empire, growth of, 69.
Imperial system, an, 12, 161, 164.
Imperialism and the Filipinos, 82.
national temper, the, 67.
naval bases, 224.
"relationship talk," 277.
War of Independence, the, 86.
Andes, the, 151.
Anglo-Celtic alliance, an, 14, 15.
race and the British Dominions, 278.
race best equipped for world dominance, 267.
Anglo-Saxon, the Elizabethan, 69, 148.
Anson, Admiral, 91.
Apia Harbour, Samoa, 215.
Arabians search for amber, 22.
Arabs and the Baltic, 22.
Argentine Republic, the, 150, 160, 162.
army of, 197.
navy of, 183.
Armies of the Pacific:
Argentine, 197.
Australian, 191.
Bolivian, 197.
Brazilian, 197.
British, 191.
Canadian, 191.
Chinese, 190.
Colombian, 198.
Ecuador, 198.
Indian, 191.
Japanese, 189.
Mexican, 197.
New Zealand, 191.
Paraguay, 198.
Russian, 186, 187.
South American, 198.
United States, 190.
Aryans, the, 21.
_Asahi Shimbun_, the, 46.
Asia, arrogance of, 40.
for the Asiatics, 241, 264.
Asiatic colonisation, White fear of, 231.
immigration, 234.
labour, 228.
labour, cheapness exaggerated, 237.
peril, the greatest, 266.
populations, natural checks, 58.
European influence on, 59.
trade competition, 235, 236, 237.
Asiatics as navvies and dock-labourers, 239.
preventive medicine and, 59.
cannot compete with Europeans, 239.
Atlantic, the, and the White Man, 267.
German power in, 212.
Australasia, 100.
Australasia and the White Race, 101.
Australasian Empire, an, 126.
Australia, 3, 11, 13, 21, 93, 94, 109, 248, 250, 265, 277.
a "colonising invasion" of, by Japan, 253.
and Imperial naval co-operation, 116.
annexed by Capt. Cook, 94-95, 101, 123.
anti-Asiatic policy of, 106, 279.
army of, 191.
Chinese poll-tax in, 234.
coloured labour in the mines, 238 (footnote).
Defence Act, the, 109.
early settlers, 102.
first Fleet sails for, 95.
food production possibilities of, 119.
impatient Imperialism of, 277.
Imperialism of, 110.
in 1901 prohibits coloured immigration, 202.
keeping the Asiatic out of, 106.
laws against Asiatic immigration, 234.
Military College of, 192, 193.
official conditions, 193.
cadets, 193.
gambling and cigarette-smoking prohibited, 194.
nation-building material, 105.
Northern Territory of, 138, 238 (footnote), 251, 252, 253, 254, 262.
populating, 255.
potentially the greatest asset of the British race, 118.
prayers for rain, 106.
prolific, 102.
strategical position of, 251.
universal training for military service, 108.
unvisited by Asiatics in the early days of the Pacific, 58.
William Dampier in, 104.
Australian aboriginal race, the, 137, 138.
birth-rate, 256, 257.
Bushman, the, 121.
as material for a great warrior nation, 122.
colonists aggressively Imperial, 95.
democracy, ideal of, 278.
Education Test, 203, 234.
Fleet unit, the, 113 _et seq._
Pacific Fleet, the, 181.
sternly resolute, 106.
Australians, warlike spirit of, 108.
aggressive patriotism of, 117.
Aztecs, the, 156.
"Balance of power," 17.
Balboa of Castile, 2, 153.
Baltic, the, 22.
Banana tree, the, 145.
Barbary States, U.S.A., war with, 70, 72.
Barrett, Mr, 272.
Bible, the, 148.
Bingham, Hiram, at Honolulu, 77.
Blaine, Mr, 272.
"Blue-water School of Strategy," 245.
Boccaccio's story of a Christian, 53.
Bolivia, 151, 160.
army of, 197.
Bombay, rats in, 61.
Borneo, 248.
Boston, 77.
Botany Bay, 104.
Boxer outbreak of 1900, the, 50, 59.
Brazil, army of, 197.
Republic of, 160, 162.
Britain, military forces, 191.
Roman invasion of, 87.
British Admiralty and Imperial naval co-operation, 112.
and Japanese, analogy between, 35.
Columbia and Asiatic immigration, 45, 234.
Continent in the Pacific, the, 100 _et seq._
diplomacy in Pacific, 276, 279.
modification of, in the future, 277.
Dominions, their loyalty to the Mother Country, 277.
Empire, one grave strategical weakness, 251.
foundation of, 76.
strategical position of, 258.
the possibilities of, 129.
White population of, 129.
Flag in the South Pacific, the 135.
foreign policy, 17.
garrisons in India, 191.
Government recognise Maoris as a nation, 125.
Imperial expansion, 17.
intentions on Tibet, 211.
--Japanese Alliance, renewal of, 208.
Trade Treaty, right of British overseas Dominions regarding Japanese
immigration, 207.
Treaties: of 1902, 199.
of 1905, 204, 209.
of 1911, 199, 206, 207-208.
Treaty, the, 279.
provisions of, 199-201, 204-206.
War against United States, contingency abolished, 208.
maritime intercourse with Russia, 214.
naval power in the Pacific, re-establishment of, 265.
Navy: effective tonnage, 185.
Pacific Fleet, a, 181.
Pacific naval strength, 14.
people, the, Empire-making of, 87.
people, the racial origin of, 87.
--Russian Alliance not impossible, 213.
trade with Latin America, 162, 163.
treaty with Holland, 96.
Britons, Romanised, 88.
"Brown Bess" musket, the, 197.
"Bush," the, in Australia, 121.
in New Zealand, 120.
Byzantine culture and the Southern Slavs, 22.
Empire, the Greek Church and the, 23.
Byzantium and the Normans, 22.
California, annexation of, 73.
Japanese in, 45.
Canada, 2, 11, 13, 259, 265, 277.
and the Japanese immigrants, 202.
and the Pacific, 165 _et seq._
anti-Asiatic policy of, 279.
French in, 165, 167, 168.
importance of, to British position in the Pacific, 248.
landing fees on Chinese, 234.
militia forces of, 191, 194.
naval plans, 183.
organisation of militia, 195.
originally a French colony, 165.
policy of Colonel Hughes, Defence Minister, 174.
political tendencies, 170.
proposed Reciprocity Treaty with United States, 174.
race troubles in, 233.
religion of, 168.
rifle factory, 194.
strategical position of, 247.
the coastal waters of, 169.
the new spirit regarding Defence, 194.
universal military training and, 196.
water power of, 243.
Canadian Defence League, The, 195.
feudal system, 167.
Fleet unit, Sir Wilfrid Laurier on, 172.
General Election of 1911, the, 171, 195.
militia, the, 171.
naval policy, 172.
Pacific provinces and Japanese immigration, 202 (and footnote).
Provinces, federation of, 73.
protests against, 73, 74.
railways and Chinese labour, 233.
Cannibalism, 140.
Canute, King, 213.
Carausius, 88.
Caribbean naval base for United States, 179.
Sea, Spanish power destroyed, 82.
the United States and the, 67.
Cartier, Jacques, 166.
Castile, the King of, 2.
Catherine the Great, 189, 214.
Caxamalco, Pizarro at, 153.
Chagres, the, 219.
Champlain, 166.
Chang Chih-tung, 51, 52.
Chili, 2, 10, 150, 151.
army of, 197.
navy of, 183.
Republic of, 160, 163.
China, 3, 25, 266.
a new, 56.
ancestor worship in, 55.
and the German Emperor, 10.
and the teeming millions of Asia, 47.
and the White Race, 56.
army of, 190.
Chang Chih-tung's suggestions for reform, 51, 52.
Christian missionaries in, 50.
Confucianism in, 48, 49, 56 (footnote), 57.
deprived of Malthusian checks, 57, 65.
first European ambassadors to, 40.
infanticide in, 57.
Jesuit missionaries in, 50.
legendary history of, 48.
militancy in, 64.
Mohammedans in, 48.
nation-birth of, 8.
navy of, 178.
not a Power in world-politics generally, 34.
persecution of missionaries, 50.
population of, 8, 63.
Republic of, 54.
a united, 55.
Republicanism in, 54, 55.
Mr Kwei Chih on, 55 (footnote).
Revolution in, 8.
suggested alliance with France, 48.
Taoism in, 49.
territorial integrity of, 200, 201, 202, 204, 209, 210, 211.
the Manchu dynasty, 50, 55 (footnote).
the Ming dynasty, 50.
the Mongol dynasty, 49.
the power of, in the Pacific, 9.
the Reform movement in, 51 _et seq._
Chinaman, the, arrogance of, 48.
courage of the, 47.
superior to Japanese, 47.
China's attitude regarding Pacific issues, 65.
indemnity to Japan, 26.
Chinese ancestor worship, 55.
Chinese, artistry of the, 34.
as agriculturists, 238.
as miners, 237.
contempt of, by Japanese, 56.
distaste for adventure, 57.
Grand Khan, the, 49.
exchanges greetings with Pope of Rome, 50.
hatred of the Japanese, 56.
immigration forbidden in United States, 235.
immigration, restrictions on, 64.
in the Malay Archipelago, 58.
in the United States, 53.
--Japanese alliance not likely, 56.
labour on Canadian railways, 233.
landing fees in Canada, 234.
national spirit of the, 51.
non-aggressive, 56.
parent races of, 49.
poll-tax in Australia, 234.
rights in the Malay Peninsula, 142.
Socialists, 49.
students visit Japan, 53.
war, the, 26.
Christian missionaries in China, 50.
_Chuen Hsueh Pien_, the Bible of Chinese moderate reformers, 52.
Clayton-Bulwer treaty, the, 81.
Colbert, the Minister of Louis XIV., 167.
Colombia, army of, 198.
Colombo, Capt. Macaulay on, 97.
"Colossus of the North," the, 17, 25.
Columbia, 163.
Columbus, 104, 105.
_Commonwealth Crisis, The_, 253.
Commonwealth of Australia, birth-rate of, 256, 257.
Confucianism in China, 48, 49, 56 (footnote), 57.
Constantinople, Convention of, 221.
Russia in, 23.
the Turk in possession of, 41.
Cook, Captain, 94, 101.
annexes Australia, 95, 123.
lands at Botany Bay, 104.
visits New Zealand, 123, 141.
Corea, 5, 6.
and the Tartar invaders of Japan, 35.
annexed by Japan, 38, 42, 260.
independence of, 202.
Japan and, 64.
Japanese interests in, 205.
territorial integrity of, 25, 200, 202, 206.
Cortes, 2, 3, 156.
Cossacks, the, 187, 188.
the, and Siberia, 5.
Courteen, Sir William, 104.
Crimean War, the, 24.
Cross and Crescent, 23.
Cuba, 260.
conquered by Velasquez, 156.
fate of, 155.
Guantanamo Bay, 179.
naval base at, 222.
Spain's misgovernment of, 82.
Cushing, Mr Caleb, 81.
_Cygnet_, the, 104.
Dale, Sir Thomas, 166.
Dampier, William, visits Australia, 104.
Darius and the Greeks, 40.
Dashwood, Mr, 252.
Declaration of Neutrality of 1893, American, 68.
De Monts, 166.
De Quiros, 104.
De Torres, 104.
Diaz, 2.
abdication of, 159.
and the Mexican revolutionaries, 158.
fall of, 158.
Dickinson, Mr, United States Secretary for War, 172 (footnote).
Drake, Sir Francis, 69, 91.
"Dreadnought" types in 1912 and 1915, forecast of, 184.
Ecuador, 151, 161, 260.
army of, 198.
Edward, Dr Hall, 229.
Effective tonnage of the three greatest Naval Powers in 1912 and
1915, 185.
Egyptians' device for avoiding mosquitoes, 217.
Elizabeth, Queen, 24.
Elizabethan Englishman, the, 69, 148.
era, the, 90, 214.
England, an ingenious speculation as to her climate on opening of Panama
Canal, 220.
Elizabethan, the spirit of, 76.
her sea-power, 89.
English Channel, the, 87.
Englishman, the Elizabethan, 69, 148.
_Entente_ between Great Britain and Russia, 199.
Europe prohibits Asiatic internecine warfare, 59.
European ambassadors to China, the first, 40.
"balance of power," a, 17.
hegemony, the, 40.
relations with China, 49.
scientists and Asiatics, 59.
trade and missions in China, 50.
Fanning Island, 251.
Fiji, 3.
Group acquired by Great Britain, 134.
Hindoo labourers in, 231.
Fijian, a typical gardener, 143.
Filipinos, the, 82.
Finns, the, 21.
Fisher, Mr, Prime Minister of Australia, 133.
Fitz-Gerald, Mr James Edward, 126.
Fleet unit, the Australian, 113 _et seq._
Formosa, 4.
ceded by China to Japan, 38.
Fotheringham, Colonel, 196.
France, 3, 10, 199.
and China, suggested alliance, 48.
Napoleon and, 18.
trade relations with Japan, 38.
Fremantle, Dr Francis, 60.
French Canada of to-day, 167.
under theocratic despotism, 167.
French-Canadian priesthood, the, 168.
French Canadians, 165, 168.
their national character, 168.
French project for Panama Canal, 216.
Revolution, the, 124.
French, the, 267.
Galapagos Islands, the, 222, 224, 260.
Gatun Lake, area of, 218, 219.
Gengis Khan, 22, 49.
German navy: effective tonnage, 185.
power in the Atlantic, 212.
Germans, the, in Kiao-Chau, 10.
Germany, 3, 10.
a possible ally of Japan, 199.
a possible ally of United States, 199, 212.
Gordon, General, 47.
Grant, President, 74.
Great Britain a Free Trade country, 206.
abandons "splendid isolation" ideal, 27.
acquires the Fiji Group, 134.
and her Indian Empire, 86.
and Japan, alliance, 14, 28, 34, 39, 199.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Japan, 206, 207-211.
and Russia, an understanding between, 213, 214.
_entente_ between, 199.
friendship between, 211.
and the Pacific, 269.
and United States, an instinct towards friendliness, 199.
friendliness between, 215.
treaty with United States, 220.
annexes New Zealand, 125.
entry into the Pacific, 85.
her naval strength in the Pacific, 14.
Imperialist sentiment in, 203.
navy of, 180.
sensitive to opinions of her Dominions, 203.
the rivalry of the United States, 269.
trade relations with Japan, 38.
Great Britain, where established on west of Pacific, 248.
Great Lakes, the, and the United States, 70.
Greek Church, the, 22, 188.
and the Byzantine Empire, 23.
republics, the, and the Persian Empire, 41.
Greeks and Persians, 40.
Grijalba in Mexico, 156.
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, 179.
Gulf Stream, the, 87, 219.
"Habitants," 167.
Hairy Ainus, the, 35.
Hamilton, Alexander, 71.
Hawaii and the Maoris, 139.
Arms Registration Ordinance, 79.
Spaniards in, 93.
the coolies and traders of, 145.
the key to the Pacific coast of North America, 3.
Hawaiian garrison, the, 190.
Group, natives helpless material for nation-making, 145.
Islands, the, 77, 258, 259.
annexation of, 78, 81, 83.
Japanese in the, 44, 45, 58.
Republic formed, 78.
population: the chief element, 79, 80, 81.
Hawaiians, the parent stock of the, 142, 145.
_Health and Empire_, cit., 59-62.
Hegemony of Pacific Ocean, 258.
Heine, cit., 24.
Henderson, Sir Reginald, 181.
Hercules, the Pillars of, 1.
Herodotus, 217.
Holland, British treaty with, 96.
Holy Alliance, the, 72, 155.
Honduras, U.S.A., treaty with, 270-271.
Hong Kong, 11, 85, 97, 248, 250.
harbour of, 98.
Honolulu, 12, 260.
a holiday scene at, 80.
Harbour, 259.
Hiram Bingham's first sermon at, 77.
naval base at, 78, 80.
Hughes, Colonel, 174, 195.
Huidekoper, Mr, 171 (footnote), 172 (footnote).
Huns, the, 40.
Imperial Conference of 1911, the, 127 _et seq._
Defence Conference of 1909, the, 111, 172, 181, 183.
the British Admiralty memorandum concerning, 112.
Navy, an, 112, 130.
Imperialism of Australia, 110.
Imperialist sentiment in Great Britain, 203.
Incas, the, 151, 152, 153.
"Independent Tribes of New Zealand," the, 125.
India, 11.
an independent, 9.
British garrisons in, 191.
defence of, 249.
Great Britain's apprehensions regarding, 25.
internecine warfare prohibited in, 59.
occupation of, 249.
Russia and, 25.
the British in, 9.
the _Raj_ and, 9.
the Sepoy forces in, 191.
western sea-passage to, 92.
White garrison of, 249.
Indian Empire, the, Great Britain and, 86.
frontier, the, 205.
Ocean, the, 85.
Industrial position in the Pacific, 235, 240.
"spheres of influence," 236, 240.
Infanticide in China, 57.
Internecine warfare prohibited by Europe, 59.
Isthmian Canal, the, 271.
Ivan the Terrible, 5.
James I., 104.
Japan, 3, 4 _et al._
a dwindling Power, 8.
alliance with Great Britain, 39.
an offender against China's national pride, 64.
and Christianity, 32, 33.
and Corea, 64.
and Great Britain, alliance, 14, 199.
and Manchuria, 64.
and Russia, 25, 26.
and Shintoism, 32.
and the Christian faith, 37.
and the problem of the Pacific, 42.
and trade relations with White
civilisation, 37, 38.
army of, 189.
army and navy of, 6.
bases for industrial prosperity in, 7.
character of her population, 43.
exclusiveness of, 37.
feudal, 36.
Germany a possible ally of, 199.
healing of local feuds in, 59.
in the Pacific, strategical position of, 260.
industrial expansion of, 7.
labour movement in, 7.
"most-favoured-nation" rates, 206.
nation-making, 32.
"natural capital" of, 44.
natural resources of, 6.
navy of, 14, 177, 178.
poverty of, 5, 6.
rumoured alliance with Mexico, 159.
Sea of, 260.
Shintoism in, 36.
territories won in battle, 6.
the awakening of, 31.
the greatest warrior Power in the Pacific, 32.
the "honoured ally" of Great Britain, 33.
the Mikados of, 31, 36.
the rise of, 31.
the Tartar invaders of, 35.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Great Britain, 206, 207-211.
war with China, 26.
war with Russia, 7, 25 _et seq._, 265, 268.
warlike confidence of, 6.
Japanese acquire Formosa, 38.
acquire the Pescadores, 38.
ancestry of, 35.
and British, analogy between, 35.
annex Corea, 38, 42.
arrogance of the, 46.
artistry of the, 34.
as painters and potters, 33.
--Chinese alliance the greatest Asiatic peril, 266.
contempt for Chinese, 56.
disappointment with the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 210-211.
emigrants, 45, 46.
Government proposes State adoption of Christian religion, 32 (footnote).
hatred of, by Chinese, 56.
interests in Corea, 205.
Minister for Home Affairs: communication to Japanese
Press, 32-33 (footnote).
national feeling of the, 46.
naval estimates (current), 177.
settlements, 44.
tariffs, 241, 242.
the chief element of Hawaiian population, 79, 80, 81.
their reputed genius for war, 28.
transformation of the race, 33.
Java, 93.
Java Major, 103.
Jebb, Mr Richard, 232.
Jesuit missionaries in China, 50.
"Jingoism" of British nations in South Pacific, the, 95.
Kanakas, the, 136, 142, 143, 144, 145.
Kiao-Chou and the German "mailed fist," 10.
Kidman, Mr Sydney, 252.
Kirk, David, 166.
Kirness, C. H., 253.
Kitchener, Field-Marshal Lord, 111.
Knox, Secretary, 159 (footnote), 212.
Kouropatkin, General, 29.
Kwei Chih, Mr, 55 (footnote).
Labour and anti-Asiatic movements, 232, 233.
movement in Japan, the, 7.
Lansdowne, Marquess of, 201.
Latin America, 147 _et seq._, 162, 273.
and the Monroe doctrine, 162.
British export trade with, 162, 163.
navy of, 183.
race-mixture in, 147.
strength of, 160-161.
summary of position of, 163.
the military strength of, 196.
universal service in, 197.
Latin-American armies, the, 197.
Empire, a, 161.
Power, a, 150.
Republics, the, 72, 75.
United States, the Suzerain Power of, 74.
Latin-Indian race, the, 147.
Latin peoples, the, 267.
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 128, 183, 194.
defeat of, 170 _et seq._
Laval, Monseigneur, 167.
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 216.
Levant, the, 41.
Lithuania, Roman culture in, 22.
Lithuanians, the, 22.
Logie, Colonel, 196.
_London Gazette_, the, on America, 70.
Louis XIV. of France, 167.
Louisiana, cession of, 72.
Macaulay, Captain, 97.
Macdonald, Sir C., 201.
Machiavelli, 57.
Magalhaes, 104.
Malacca, 95.
Malakiki Hill, the Gibraltar of Honolulu, 79.
Malay Archipelago, the, 58.
Peninsula, the, 230.
Chinese rights in, 142.
States, the, 142.
Malays and Chinese, 230.
Malaysians, the, 139.
Malthusian checks, 57, 65.
Manchu dynasty, the, 50, 55 (footnote).
Manchuria, 5, 6, 20.
Japan and, 64.
Russian generals in, 29.
Manchus, the, 8, 9, 266.
Manila, 260.
Maori flag saluted by British warship, 125.
Maori, the, 122, 136, 138, 139.
race in 1769, population of, 141.
system of government, the, 139.
War, the, 140.
Maoris, cannibalism prevalent among, 140.
cede their country to Queen Victoria, 125.
chivalry of, 140.
in New Zealand, population of, 145.
results of civilisation, 141.
similarity to Japanese, 141.
the parent stock of the, 142.
Marco Polo, 49, 103.
Marsden, Rev. Samuel, 123.
Maximilian, 157.
Mediterranean, the, 1.
and the White Man, 267.
Russia and, 18, 23.
Melanesia, 94.
Meliorism, 265.
Mencius, 52.
Merritt, Lieut.-Col. Wm. Hamilton, 195.
Mexicans, the aboriginal, 137.
the, and Diaz, 158.
Mexico, 2, 150, 259.
army of, 197.
Balboa in, 153.
Empire of, 157.
Grijalba lands at, 156.
Gulf of, and the United States, 70.
Republic of, 161, 163.
rumoured alliance with Japan, 159.
Spaniards in, 92.
under Spanish rule, 157.
United States and intervention, 159, 269.
Velasquez in, 156-157.
yields independence to Cortes, 156.
Meyer, Secretary, U.S. Navy, 178, 179.
Mikados of Japan, 31, 36.
Military College of Australia, the, 192.
official conditions of, 193.
strength of Latin America, the, 196.
training in Canada, 196.
Militia, Canadian, a conference on organisation, 195.
Militia force of Canada, 194.
Ming dynasty, the, 50.
Miscegenation, 148, 149.
Mississippi, the, 165.
Mogul, the Great, 3.
Mohammedans and China, 48.
Mongol dynasty, the, 49.
invasion of Russia, 22.
Mongolia, Russia's designs on, 211.
Mongols, the, 21, 44.
Monroe doctrine, the, 155, 159 (footnote), 160, 171, 220.
in United States, 71, 72, 73, 75.
extended in scope, 73-74.
Monroe, President, 71.
his formal message, 72 _et seq._
Morioris, the, 139.
Moscow, 22.
Mosquitoes, 217.
Herodotus on, 217.
massacre of, in Panama Canal-building, 217.
Papuan natives and, 217.
trouble of, in cutting Suez Canal, 218.
Mukden, battle of, 29, 39, 40, 41, 42.
Murray, His Excellency Colonel, 144.
Muscovite Czars, the, 23.
Napoleon, 16, 17, 18, 40, 72, 157, 246.
and Russia, 24.
Napoleonic Wars, the, 155.
Naval forces of the Pacific, 176 _et seq._
Navies of the Pacific:
Argentine Republic, 183.
Australia, 182.
Canada, 183.
Chili, 183.
China, 178.
Great Britain, 180.
Japan, 177.
Latin America, 183.
Russia, 176.
United States, 178.
Navy, an Imperial, 130.
Neutral market, a, 230.
markets, Asiatics in, 235, 236, 237.
in which Asiatics can compete, 244.
Negro problem, the, 274.
"New France," a, in America, 165.
the early founders of, 166.
New Guinea, 248.
annexed by Queensland, 134.
New South Wales, birth-rate of, 255.
Royal Commission on fall of birth-rate, 255, 257.
New York, Naval Yard of, 13.
_New York Sun_, the, 212.
New Zealand, 3, 11, 13, 94, 248, 250, 265, 277.
a Company formed to colonise, 123.
its prospectus, 124.
a steady flow of emigrants to, 125.
and the smaller Colonies, 120 _et seq._
anti-Asiatic policy of, 279.
army of, 191.
Captain Cook visits, 123, 141.
Christianity introduced, 123.
colonists aggressively Imperial, 95.
early settlers, 122.
Empire, a, 134.
exclusion of Asiatics, 234.
formally taken over by Great Britain, 125.
impatient Imperialism of, 277.
Imperial patriotism of, 127.
Maoris in, 145.
naval agreement with, 132, 133 (footnote).
naval policy of, 133.
population of, 141.
strategical position of, 251.
the "Bush," 120.
the Treaty of Waitangi, 125, 126.
universal training for military service, 130.
Nicaragua, U.S.A., treaty with, 270.
Norfolk Island, 251.
Normans, the, 22, 89, 90.
Norsemen pirates, the, 89.
North America, the Republic of, 150.
North Sea, the, 87.
Northern Territory of Australia, the, 138, 238 (footnote), 251, 252,
253, 254, 262.
conditions as regards productiveness and health, 254.
decidedly healthy, 254.
life in, 254.
Novgorod, 213.
Ocean of the future, the, 1 _et seq._
"Open-door" agreements, 236, 241.
Opium War of 1840, the, 50.
Oregon, annexation of, 73.
Osaka _Mainichi_, the, on the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 210.
Ottoman invasion, the, 41.
suzerainty of Europe, Napoleon and the, 40.
Oversea Dominions, population of, 128, 129.
Pacific armies, the chief, 198.
British Dominions, uneasiness regarding British-Japanese Treaty, 202,
204.
Fleet: Australian unit, 181.
of American battleships, the welcome given to, 278.
Russia urged to build a, 213.
Pacific, the, American influence in, 11-12.
and Great Britain, 269.
and the United States, 269.
armies of the, 186 _et seq._
British Empire and the mastery of, 11.
British influence in, 11.
British possessions in, 13.
British trade interests in, 162.
China and, 8 _et seq._
control of: an Anglo-Celtic union advisable, 14.
Drake's log on entering, 91.
fortresses and trading stations, 3.
France and, 10.
future of, Japan's chance, 265.
future of, with White Races, 265.
Germany and, 10.
Great Britain and, 10.
hegemony of, 4, 46.
India and, 9, 10.
industrial position, governed by excluding Asiatic labour, 235, 240.
industrial position in, 228 _et seq._
Japan and, 5 _et seq._
Japan the greatest warrior Power in, 32.
naval and military forces in, 15.
navies of the, 176 _et seq._
no Free Trade ideas in the, 235.
ocean of the future, 1.
position of Japan in, 46.
rivals for, 263 _et seq._
Russia in, 16 _et seq._, 268.
Russian influence in, 4.
South America and, 10.
Spain in, 91.
strategical position of Japan in, 260.
of United States in, 260.
strategy of, 246.
Treaties in, 199.
United States and, 68.
Yellow and White Races and, 63.
Palmyra Island, 12 (footnote).
Pan-American Bureau, the, 272.
Conferences, 272, 273.
Panama Canal, the, 5, 12, 13, 42, 75, 160, 163, 176, 178, 179, 216
_et seq._, 218, 220, 243, 259, 260, 265, 280.
and United States, 269.
American commerce and, 225.
amount expended by United States, 227.
amount of Pacific and Atlantic water exchanged by, 220.
as a tariff weapon, 224.
early difficulties, 216.
free navigation of, 221.
intended by United States as means of securing dominance in Pacific,
223, 224.
military police for, 221.
naval base at Cuba, 222.
"neutralisation" of the, 220.
plague of mosquitoes, 217.
Secretary Meyer on, 179.
sovereign rights of the United States, 222.
tolls, 225.
treaty regarding management, 220.
Panama, hills of, 219
Isthmus, the, 81, 155.
by no means unhealthy, 218.
the United States and, 67.
Papua, natives of, and mosquitoes, 217.
Papua, New Guinea, 144.
Paraguay, army of, 198.
Republic of, 161.
Peace Societies, 109.
Peace of Shimonoseki, the, and its consequences, 38.
Pearl Harbour, 78, 79.
Pekin, the expedition of 1900 to, 50.
Penang, 95.
Persia and the Greeks, 40.
Persian Gulf, the, 25.
Peru, 2, 10, 92, 150, 151 _et seq._, 160.
occupied by Spaniards, 154.
Peruvians, the, 8, 137.
and the elimination of the fighting instinct, 111.
Spanish description of, 152.
Pescadores, the, acquired by Japan, 38.
Philippine garrison, the, 190.
Philippines, the, 3, 4, 12, 104, 259.
Anson's attempt to subdue, 91.
the Spaniards at, 104.
United States acquire, 82.
Pizarro, Francisco, 153, 156.
"Places at table," 118.
"Places in the sun," 118.
Plague, the, 59.
Dr Francis Fremantle on, 60.
Prof. W. J. Simpson on, 61.
Polk, President, 73.
Polo, Marco, 49, 103.
Polynesia, 94.
Pope of Rome exchanges greetings with Chinese Grand Khan, 50.
Portugal: trade relations with Japan, 38.
Poutrincourt, 166.
Power, Senator, 196.
Prayers for rain, 106.
Preventive medicine as aid to population, 118.
Protection, a rigid system of, 226.
Quebec, 166.
captured by Admiral Kirk, 166.
restored to France, 167.
the capital of "New France," 166.
Queensland annexes New Guinea, 134.
Race-mixture, instinct against, 20.
Race troubles in Canada, 233.
Races, psychology of, 35.
Raffles, Sir Stamford, 96.
Rain, prayers for, 106.
Raw levies, uselessness of, 197.
Republicanism in China, 54, 55.
Mr Kwei Chih on, 55 (footnote).
Richelieu, 166.
Rocky Mountains, the, 169, 243.
_Roebuck_, the, 104.
Roman Catholics in Canada, 168.
Roman invasion of Britain, 87, 88.
Romanised Britons, 88.
_Rosanna_, the, conveys pioneers to New Zealand, 123.
Rurik, 22.
Russia, 3, 4.
and a Pacific Fleet, 213.
and Great Britain, _entente_ between, 199.
and India, 18.
and Japan, 25, 26.
and Napoleon, 24.
and Siberia, 25.
and the Mediterranean, 18, 23.
and the Napoleonic invasion, 16, 17.
and the Pacific, 10.
and the Persian Gulf, 25.
army of, 186, 187.
British dread of, 18.
British maritime intercourse with, 214.
Cross versus Crescent, 23.
early European civilisations, 21.
European jealousy of, 5.
expansion of, 19.
mistrust of European Powers, 24.
future position of, in the Pacific, 29.
Great Britain's alarm of, 24, 25.
Greeks and Romans in, 21.
in Constantinople, 23.
interior of, 21.
invasion of the Turks, 23.
Lord Salisbury on, 16.
national heroes of, 22.
naval strategy of, 261.
navy of, 176.
race-mixture in, 20.
religious faith, 22.
service to civilisation, 23.
the avenger of the White Races, 23.
war with Japan, 7, 19, 25 _et seq._, 265.
Russian intentions on Mongolia, 211.
Russians, faith of the, 23.
Russo-Japanese War, the, 7, 19, 25 _et seq._, 265.
difficulties of Russians, 29.
St Francis Xavier, 37.
St Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of, 167.
St Helena, Napoleon in, 18.
St Lawrence, the, 165.
Saito, Baron, 46.
Salisbury, Lord, 16.
Sandwich Islands, 77.
San Francisco, 91, 260.
Satsuma, revolt of the, 38.
Sea of Japan, 260, 261.
Selkirks, the, 169, 243.
Semites, the, 21.
Sepoy forces in India, 191.
"Setch," the Cossack, 188, 189.
Shimonoseki, the Peace of, 38.
the Straits of, 38.
Shintoism, 32, 36.
Shoguns, the, 36.
Siberia, Russia and, 25.
the Cossacks and, 5.
Siberian Railway, the, 186.
Simeon, 22.
Simpson, Prof. W. J., on the Plague, 61.
Singapore, 11, 85, 95, 96, 250, 258.
harbour of, 97.
Slavs, the, 22, 267.
Socialism in Japan, 7.
Socialists in China, 49.
Sorcerer, the, in the South Sea Islands, 149.
South America, 10.
South American armies, 198.
South Pacific, the British Flag in, 135.
the native races, 135.
South Sea Islands, 93, 149.
Spain: war with United States, 82.
"Spheres of influence," the, 85, 236, 240.
Spice Islands, the, 93.
Straits of Shimonoseki forced, 38.
Straits Settlements, the, 248.
Strategical considerations, 245 _et seq._
Suez Canal, free navigation of, 221.
the mosquito trouble, 218.
Sumarai, the, 32.
Sun-worship, 151.
Suva, 143.
Taft, President, 159 (footnote), 171 (footnote), 218, 225, 271.
Talon, Jean Baptiste, 167.
Taoism, 49.
Tartar and Mongol tribes, the, 49.
Tartary, 3, 22.
Tasmania, 137.
Teutons, the, 267.
Texas, annexation of, 73.
Thakombau, King, 134.
Theodosius, Emperor, 49.
Tibet, British intentions on, 211.
Tokio _Nichi-Nichi_, the, 211.
Tracy, Marquis de, 167.
Trade reciprocity, 164, 174.
Trans-Andine railways, the, 10.
Treaties in the Pacific, 199.
Treaties with Japan, British (1902), 199.
(1905), 204-209.
(1911), 199, 206, 207-211.
Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Japan, 206,
207-211.
of St Germain-en-Laye, 167.
Triple Alliance, the, 199.
Triple Entente, the, 213.
Truvor, 22.
Turkey, Lord Salisbury on, 16.
Turks, the, 23, 40.
at Constantinople, 41.
Russia and, 19.
United States, the, 2, 3, 12, 13.
a social difficulty, 274.
absorption of Mexican territory by, 158.
acquisition of Hawaii, 78, 81, 83.
aggressively Imperial, 68.
and Cuba, 82.
and Germany, possibilities of an "understanding" between, 212.
and Great Britain, an instinct towards friendliness, 199, 215.
and the Atlantic, 67.
and the Negroes, 233.
and the Philippines, 82.
and trade relations with Japan, 37.
army of, 190.
British diplomacy and, 276, 277, 279.
considering intervention in Mexico, 159.
control waterway from Atlantic to Pacific, 82.
decide to construct Panama Canal, 216.
Declaration of Neutrality, 70.
established in the Caribbean Sea, 67.
on the Isthmus of Panama, 67.
establishing naval base at Cuba, 222.
foreign policy, 75.
Germany a possible ally of, 199.
imperialism in, 66.
in the Pacific, strategical position of, 260.
lynchings in, 20.
marvellous growth of, 70, 72.
miscegenation in, 20.
naval strength of, in the Pacific, 14.
navy, 178.
effective tonnage, 185.
Secretary Meyer's report on, 178.
neutral markets, 83.
organisation of industrial machinery, 243.
Pacific possessions, 84.
policy, Imperialist tendency of, 77.
rivals of Great Britain, 269.
rules for exclusion of Chinese, 235.
strategical position of, 258.
the greatest factor in the Problem of the Pacific, 68.
the greatest White nation of the world, 150.
the "Monroe doctrine" in, 71, 72, 73, 75.
the Suzerain Power of the Latin-American Republics, 74.
war with Spain, 82
when Panama Canal opened, the greatest Power of the Pacific, 243.
Universal military training proposed in Canada, 196.
"Universal service" in Latin America, 197.
Ural Mountains, the, 20.
Uruguay, 161, 163.
Vancouver, 251.
Veddas, the, 138.
Velasquez, conqueror of Cuba, 156.
Venezuela controversy, the, 74.
Republic of, 161.
Victoria, Queen, 24, 125.
Vienna and the Ottoman invasion, 41.
Waitangi, the Treaty of, 125, 126.
Wakefield, Mr Edward Gibbon, 124.
Wallace on the black Australian, 137.
War, the necessity of, 6.
Ward, Sir Joseph, 127 _et seq._
Washington's farewell address, 71.
Wei-hai-wei, 248, 250.
Wesleyan mission to New Zealand, 132.
"White Australia," 107, 254.
laws, the, 20.
policy, basis of, 232.
White garrison of India, the, 249.
labour, impatient, 240.
Man and the Pacific, 63.
Race, the, 2, 4, 107.
conquests of, 41.
superiority of, 263, 267.
Races, America and the, 12.
birth-rate, 257.
neither enervated nor decadent, 264.
the future of the Pacific with the, 265.
Russia consolidated by the Normans, 22.
Mongol invasion of, 22.
_Worker, The_, on Asiatic colonisation, 240 (footnote).
Xavier, St Francis, 37.
"X-Ray Martyr," the, 229.
Yellow Man, danger of overrunning the Pacific, 63.
"Yellow Peril," the, 264, 280.
Yellow Race, the, 2, 4.
defeats the White Race in war, 39.
Yellow Races, the United States and the, 13.
Yturbidi, Emperor Augustin de, 157.
Yuan Shih-Kai, 54.
PRINTED BY NEILL AND CO., LTD., EDINBURGH.
* * * * *
Transcriber's note:
1. Except as noted below, spelling and inconsistencies have been
retained as they appear in the original publication.
2. "X-ray" in the text appears as "X-Ray" in the index.
3. "FitzGerald" in the text appears as "Fitz-Gerald" in the index.
4. On page 205, in the sentence starting "Japan possessing paramount",
"Great Britain" was "Gerat Britain" in the original.
5. On page 240, "wheel-barrow" was "wheel-barrrow" in the original.
6. The punctuation in the index has been made consistent.
7. The name "Terra Austrialia del Espiritu Santo" is correct.
"Austrialia" was an invented hybrid word combining the names "Austria"
and "australis" as a compliment to King Phillip III of Spain who was a
member of the House of Habsburg (Austria).
8. "the cageing of the great soldier" was changed to "the caging of the
great soldier"
9. "Hayti" is an old spelling of "Haiti". It has been retained.
10. On p. 155 the word "reassert" has been changed from "re-assert" to
match the spelling elsewhere in the book.