===============+==========+=========+=============+==========+=========+=======+==========+===========+=========+============+=========+=========+=============+===========+==========+===========+===========+===========
District. | Aharwâr. | Chamâr. | Chamkatiya. | Dhusiya. | Dohar. | Gola. | Jaiswâr. | Jatwa. | Kori. | Korchamra. | Kuril. | Nigoti. | Pathargoti. | Purabiya. | Râêdâsi. | Sakarwâr. | Others. | Total.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~
Dehra Dûn | 358 | 4,356 | ... | ... | 48 | ... | 759 | 622 | 530 | 107 | 127 | ... | ... | ... | 1,478 | ... | 8,108 | 16,493
Sahâranpur | ... | 145,175 | ... | 8,118 | ... | ... | 812 | 3,092 | 20 | ... | 47 | ... | ... | ... | 1,400 | ... | 29,062 | 187,726
Muzaffarnagar | ... | 87,595 | ... | 5 | ... | ... | 17 | 16,478 | ... | ... | 2 | ... | ... | 3 | 5,152 | ... | 2,005 | 111,257
Meerut | ... | 31,219 | ... | 666 | ... | ... | 2,014 | 175,159 | ... | 9 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 68 | ... | 7,900 | 217,035
Bulandshahr | 5,185 | 6,068 | ... | 3,914 | ... | ... | ... | 87,319 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 15,860 | ... | 44,732 | 163,078
Aligarh | ... | 800 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 64,523 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 3,697 | ... | 94,614 | 163,634
Mathura | 34 | 78 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 1,013 | 101,714 | ... | ... | 331 | ... | 51 | 246 | 366 | ... | 3,155 | 107,024
Agra | ... | ... | ... | 36 | 239 | ... | 1,546 | 159,093 | 8 | ... | 53 | 214 | 522 | 45 | 450 | 746 | 10,649 | 164,565
Farrukhâbâd | 15,550 | ... | ... | 30 | 23,038 | ... | 625 | 47,919 | 408 | 324 | 378 | ... | ... | ... | 12 | ... | 932 | 89,216
Mainpuri | 549 | ... | ... | 359 | 73 | ... | 23 | 84,207 | ... | 68 | 19 | 521 | 19 | ... | 1 | 612 | 14,751 | 101,202
Etâwah | 499 | ... | 601 | 159 | 56,427 | 3,861 | 1 | 45,991 | ... | ... | 584 | ... | ... | ... | 4 | 1,078 | 2,225 | 111,430
Etah | 22 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 11 | ... | 88,156 | ... | ... | 34 | ... | ... | 9 | 351 | ... | 797 | 89,380
Bareilly | 1,430 | ... | 65,925 | ... | 6 | ... | ... | 19,713 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 4,061 | ... | 4,007 | 95,142
Bijnor | ... | 113,971 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 20 | 8,743 | ... | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | 994 | ... | 959 | 124,688
Budâun | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 629 | 120,350 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 762 | ... | 2,290 | 124,031
Morâdâbâd | ... | 12,631 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 111 | 157,964 | 95 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 1,438 | ... | 6,308 | 178,547
Shâhjahânpur | ... | ... | ... | ... | 51,632 | ... | 8,418 | 35,252 | ... | ... | 5 | ... | ... | 358 | 90 | ... | 1,044 | 96,799
Pilibhît | ... | ... | ... | ... | 14,600 | ... | 184 | 17,600 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 404 | ... | ... | 150 | 32,938
Cawnpur | 1,197 | ... | ... | ... | 26,082 | ... | 2,446 | 1,953 | ... | 9 | 66,890 | ... | ... | ... | 11,804 | ... | 39,478 | 149,889
Fatehpur | 29 | ... | 1,882 | ... | ... | ... | 25,016 | 642 | ... | 1,117 | 14,713 | ... | ... | ... | 5,711 | ... | 22,615 | 71,731
Bânda | 11,220 | ... | ... | ... | 5,589 | ... | 107 | ... | ... | ... | 3,652 | ... | ... | ... | 8,888 | 421 | 80,847 | 110,716
Hamîrpur | 67,619 | ... | ... | 24 | 697 | ... | 95 | 290 | ... | ... | 2,470 | ... | ... | ... | 65 | 1,962 | 1,721 | 74,919
Allahâbâd | 2 | ... | 137 | ... | ... | ... | 60,438 | ... | 685 | 2,654 | 139 | ... | ... | ... | 17,355 | ... | 64,508 | 145,942
Jhânsi | 49,940 | ... | 27 | ... | 2,505 | ... | 468 | 1,261 | ... | ... | 7 | ... | ... | ... | 228 | ... | 1,942 | 56,378
Jâlaun | 2,417 | ... | ... | ... | 27,280 | ... | 17 | 6,220 | ... | ... | 14 | ... | ... | ... | 128 | 23 | 25,500 | 61,599
Lalitpur | 32,419 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 9 | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | 43 | ... | 184 | ... | 1,112 | 33,768
Benares | ... | ... | ... | 31,377 | ... | ... | 67,071 | ... | ... | ... | 232 | ... | ... | ... | 1,113 | ... | 4,475 | 104,268
Mirzapur | ... | ... | ... | 154 | 48 | ... | 117,900 | ... | ... | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | 6,295 | ... | 22,897 | 147,295
Jaunpur | ... | ... | ... | 344 | ... | ... | 184,538 | ... | ... | ... | 250 | ... | ... | 1,012 | 643 | ... | 1,180 | 187,967
Ghâzipur | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 6,766 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 576 | ... | 126,629 | 133,971
Ballia | ... | ... | ... | 44,932 | ... | ... | 276 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 101 | ... | 23,483 | 68,792
Gorakhpur | ... | ... | 69 | 11,445 | ... | ... | 42,798 | 580 | 1,756 | ... | 1,944 | ... | ... | ... | 1,829 | ... | 300,810 | 361,231
Basti | ... | ... | 1,034 | 192 | ... | ... | 77,285 | ... | 50,931 | 4,253 | 1,049 | ... | ... | 261 | 53,763 | ... | 88,238 | 276,966
Azamgarh | ... | ... | ... | 502 | 151 | ... | 162,916 | ... | ... | 372 | 607 | ... | ... | ... | 2,473 | ... | 131,842 | 298,863
Kumâun | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 203 | 203
Garhwâl | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 24 | ... | ... | 24
Tarâi | ... | 482 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 198 | 18,786 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 142 | ... | 1,937 | 21,545
Lucknow | 92 | ... | 40 | 609 | ... | ... | 125 | 372 | 28 | 47 | 58,688 | ... | ... | 3,605 | 898 | 97 | 4,242 | 68,848
Unâo | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 46 | ... | 171 | ... | 95,079 | ... | ... | 2,023 | ... | ... | 1,372 | 98,691
Râê Bareli | 1,671 | 1,224 | 6,754 | ... | 1,465 | ... | 14,610 | 2,877 | 1,339 | 15,727 | 23,850 | ... | ... | 1,135 | 16,503 | ... | 9,508 | 96,663
Sîtapur | ... | ... | 906 | ... | 4 | ... | 231 | 891 | 86 | 34 | 1,594 | ... | ... | 121,998 | 162 | ... | 19,164 | 145,070
Hardoi | 3,715 | ... | ... | ... | 103,635 | ... | 47 | 4,513 | ... | ... | 67,058 | ... | ... | 8,513 | 57 | ... | 433 | 187,971
Kheri | ... | ... | ... | ... | 35,932 | ... | 231 | 408 | ... | 11 | 163 | ... | ... | 77,354 | 8 | ... | 3,748 | 117,855
Faizâbâd | ... | ... | 1,743 | ... | ... | ... | 97,781 | 1,177 | 42,260 | ... | 987 | ... | ... | 2,367 | 15,599 | ... | 5,821 | 165,735
Gonda | ... | ... | 62 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 2,170 | ... | ... | 14,634 | 6,439 | ... | 18,330 | 41,635
Bahrâich | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 79 | 7 | 1 | ... | 194 | ... | ... | 20,475 | 14 | ... | 50,571 | 73,341
Sultânpur | ... | ... | 5,017 | ... | ... | ... | 22,983 | ... | 96,342 | 107 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 15,197 | ... | 8,934 | 148,473
Partâbgarh | ... | ... | 143 | ... | ... | ... | 15,464 | ... | 39,961 | 886 | 301 | ... | ... | ... | 15,108 | ... | 38,904 | 109,988
Bârabanki | ... | ... | 325 | ... | ... | ... | 12 | ... | ... | ... | 24,280 | ... | ... | 35,205 | 2,590 | ... | 18,438 | 81,536
+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~ ~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~~~
Total | 193,948 | 403,599 | 84,665 | 102,806 | 349,451 | 3,872 | 916,125 | 1,264,878 | 234,622 | 25,515 | 367,913 | 735 | 635 | 289,647 | 220,073 | 4,939 | 1,352,570 | 5,816,053
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Chamar Gaur.—A sept of Râjputs of whom Sir H. M. Elliot [201]
writes—“Among the Gaur Râjputs the Chamar Gaur who are sub-divided into
Râja and Râê, rank the highest, which is accounted for in this
way:—When trouble fell upon the Gaur family, one of their ladies, far
advanced in pregnancy, took refuge in a Chamâr’s house, and was so
grateful to him for his protection, that she promised to call her child
by his name. The Bhâts and Brâhmans to whom the others fled do not
appear to have had similar forbearance, and hence, strange as it may
appear, the sub-divisions called after their name rank below the Chamar
Gaur.” Pargana Sandîla, of Hardoi, was, so it is said, occupied by
Thatheras, [202] who by one theory are identical with the Bhars, and
then Chamar Gaurs came in from near Bijnaur in the time of Jay Chand.
They came in under two chiefs, bringing with them Dikshit Brâhmans, who
up to the present are their recognised priests. They differ entirely
from Chamar Gaurs, who came from near Cawnpur, and have for their
priests Tiwâri Brâhmans. The writer of the Hardoi Settlement Report
[203] speaks of the Chamar Gaurs as “a refractory, quarrelsome,
ill-conditioned set, their one redeeming quality (owed probably to the
fact that they are Râjputs in name rather than in reality) is that they
do not murder their daughters.” Their ancestor, Ganga Sinh, known as
Kâna, or “one-eyed,” is said to have driven out the Thatheras.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHAMAR GAUR RÂJPUTS ACCORDING
TO THE CENSUS OF 1891.
================+========
District. | Number.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~
Agra | 15
Farrukhâbâd | 352
Mainpuri | 72
Etâwah | 185
Shâhjahânpur | 32
Cawnpur | 1,351
Fatehpur | 103
Bânda | 2,121
Hamîrpur | 226
Allahâbâd | 1
Jhânsi | 14
Jâlaun | 59
Lalitpur | 10
Benares | 6
Gorakhpur | 26
Basti | 11
Lucknow | 76
Râê Bareli | 57
Sîtapur | 9
Hardoi | 118
Kheri | 102
Faizâbâd | 55
Bahrâich | 1
Sultânpur | 5
Partâbgarh | 29
Bârabanki | 12
+~~~~~~~~
Total | 5,048
================+========
Chanamiya.—A sept of Râjputs, not separately recorded in the Census
Returns, found in Jaunpur, Azamgarh, and Gorakhpur. They are generally,
according to Sir H. M. Elliot, [204] included among the Bais of
inferior descent, and are sometimes identified with the Gargbans.
Chandauriya.—A Râjput sept found in Faizâbâd. They are an offshoot of
the Bais of Baiswâra, who emigrated under their leader, Uday Buddhê
Sinh, who gained his estates under the protection of a noted faqîr
known as Kâli Pahâr. The title of Chandauriya from the village Chandaur
is said to have been conferred on the sept by the Râja of Hasanpur.
[205]
Chandel. [206]—(Sanskrit Chandra, “the moon”).—An important sept of
Râjputs. They claim descent from the moon, Chandra, up to Brahma.
According to one version of the tribal legend Hemâvati was the daughter
of Hemrâj, the family priest of Indrajît, the Gaharwâr Râja of Kâshi
(Benares), or of Indrajît himself. With her at midnight the moon had
dalliance. She awoke and saw the moon going away, and was about to
curse him saying,—“I am not a Gautam woman that I should be thus
treated.” When he replied,—“The curse of Sri Krishna has been
fulfilled. Your son will become a mighty hero, and will reign from the
sunrise to the sunset.” Hemâvati said:—“Tell me that spell whereby my
son may be absolved.” He answered:—“You will have a son and he will be
your expiation,” and he gave her this spell—“When the time of your
delivery comes near go to Asu, near Kalinjar, and there dwell. When
within a short time of being delivered, cross the River Ken and go to
Khajrain, where Chintaman Banya lives, and stay with him. Your son
shall perform the great sacrifice. In this iron age sacrifices are not
perfect. I will appear as a Brâhman and complete the sacrifice. Then
your absolution will be complete.” The fruit of this amour was Chandra
Varma, said to have been born in A.D. 157, and from him to Parmal Deo,
whose fort Kalinjar was taken by Kutb-ud-dîn in 1202 A.D., there are
said to have been by one account forty-nine and by another twenty-three
generations.
2. By another version their original birthplace was Kalinjar. The King
of that fort one day asked his family priest what was the day of the
month. He answered that it was the full moon (pûranmâsi), whereas it
was really the Amâvas or the last day of the dark fortnight. When the
Pandit became aware of the mistake which he had committed, he went home
and fell into deep distress. When his daughter learned the cause of his
sorrow, she prayed to the moon to appear at once full, and thus justify
her father’s words. The moon appeared, and as a reward lay with her,
and when her father heard of this he expelled her from his house; so
she wandered into the jungle, and there her child was born. There a
Banâphar Râjput saw her and took her home. Her father was so ashamed of
the affair that he turned himself into a stone, and as his name was
Mani Râm, he is now worshipped as Maniya Deva. The Chandel ascendancy
in Bundelkhand between the supremacy of the Gonds and the advent of the
Muhammadans is a well-known historical fact; it was during this period
that the great irrigation works in the Hamîrpur District, the forts of
Kalinjar and Ajaygarh, and the noble temples of Khajurâhu and Mahoba
were built.
3. All these legends may point indirectly to some flaw in the tribal
pedigree. We know that the Mirzapur legend of Oran Deo closely connects
them with the aboriginal Soiris as the Oudh story suggests kinship with
the Bhars. [207] The Unâo branch say they come from Chanderi, in the
Dakkhin, whence they emigrated after the overthrow of the Bundelkhand
kingdom of Mahoba by Prithivi Râja in spite of the bravery of the
Banâphar heroes Alah and Udal. [208] Part of them emigrated to Unâo as
late as the reign of Aurangzeb. As for the Eastern branch of the sept
they are admitted to be of Sombansi origin, but do not intermarry with
the leading tribes. The Bundelas are by one account a spurious breed
between them and slave girls. [209] One of the Cawnpur families fasten
their coats on the right side of the chest like Muhammadans. They say
they do this in memory of the Delhi Emperors who remitted their
tribute. [210]
[Manners and customs.] 4. In Bundelkhand they are reported [211] to
give their daughters in marriage to Jâdons, Sisodhiyas, Sengars,
Kachhwâhas, Bhadauriyas, and Tomars; but they take girls only from
tribes of the higher rank. After the bride is brought to her husband’s
house Devi is worshipped with the accompaniment of singing and dancing,
and then the bride marks the door with her spread hand smeared with
aipan or a mixture of powdered rice and turmeric. The maximum number of
wives that a man can take is seven; but the usual number is two or
three. Betrothal is usually performed in infancy and marriage very
early in life. The family barber often arranges the match, but
now-a-days a regular marriage broker is sometimes appointed. Some dower
is always given by the father of the bride. A wife may be divorced if
she contracts leprosy or if she be unfaithful. Such women cannot marry
again.
5. When the pregnancy of a woman is announced the ceremony of chauk is
performed in the fifth or seventh month. The husband and wife are
seated in a sacred enclosure (chauk), while a Brâhman recites texts.
After the ceremony parched rice and sweetmeats are distributed to the
brethren. At her confinement the mother is attended by a sweeper woman
for three days, and by a barber woman for forty days. When the delivery
takes place, an old woman of the family smears her hand with oil and
makes a mark on the wall of the room, after which the cord is cut. The
mother bathes on the third day, after which the ceremony of charua is
done, and this is followed by the usual sixth day observance (chhathi).
6. The betrothal (mangni) consists in the bride’s barber coming to the
house of the bridegroom and marking his forehead (tîka). Their marriage
and death ceremonies are of the ordinary orthodox form.
7. Their special god is Mahâdeva, who is worshipped by men, and Devi by
women and children.
8. In Oudh the Chandels take brides from the Chauhân, Gaharwâr,
Raikwâr, Janwâr, and Dhâkrê septs: and give wives to the Gaur,
Sombansi, and Punwâr. In Azamgarh they receive wives from the Baranwâr,
Kâkan, Singhel, Udmatiya, Donwâr and Gaharwâr septs: and give their
daughters to the Gargbansi Gautam, Palwâr, Sirnet, Râjkumâr, Bachgoti,
Kausik, Raghubansi, Bais and Chandrabansi.