expression, “territory of the cataracts,” the district between
Wady Halfa and Philæ is meant.]
[Footnote 151: This proves that at the end of the 13th century,
the prevailing religion of Nouba was still Christian.]
[Footnote 152: Besides marks in the ancient temples of their having
been converted into churches, numerous ancient churches are seen
in every part of the country between Wady Halfa and Assouan.]
[Footnote 153: See note _a_ at the end.]
[Footnote 154: This chapter is placed, by Macrizi, before the
notices on the Bakt; but I have preferred placing it here.]
[Footnote 155: This often stated distance is exactly the same as that
reported to me, between Assouan and the mountain of Olba, the chief
seat of the Bisharein, where remains of ruins are said to exist.]
[Footnote 156: See note 74.]
[Footnote 157: This appears to be mentioned because the date is
usually propagated by cuttings.]
[Footnote 158: It should thus seem that the whole population of
Nouba was originally held in slavery by their king.]
[Footnote 159: In another chapter of his Golden Meadows.]
[Footnote 160: See note 75.]
[Footnote 161: See note 76.]
[Footnote 162: Or, as it may likewise mean, by the river Nile.]
[Footnote 163: So far goes the relation of Masoudy.]
[Footnote 164: It is now about ¹⁄₅₀ of that sum.]
[Footnote 165: Of him we have an excellent work on the Olemas of
Upper Egypt. (It is among my MSS. sent to England.)]
[Footnote 166: Known in Europe by the name of Saladin.]
[Footnote 167: This Kenz el Dowla was the Egyptian governor of
the town, who had rebelled against Salah eddyn, and had marched
against Cairo with an army of blacks and of Arabs. Malek el Aadel,
one of the brothers of Salah eddyn, defeated him in 570, in a great
battle near the village of Toud; and soon after he was killed. I am
ignorant whether this Kenz el Doula has any thing in common with the
Beni Kenz; from the pedigree given of it by Macrizi, in his history
of Egypt, called el Selouk, from which I have made this extract
(السلوك لمعرفة دول الملوك للمقرزي) he is
said to be descended from Ibn el Doul, from whom he took the name.]
[Footnote 168: See note 77.]
[Footnote 169: See note 78.]
[Footnote 170: By the ascension of Salah eddyn to the throne
of Egypt.]
[Footnote 171: Elephantine.]
[Footnote 172: The history of similar attacks forms the subject
of many paintings on the walls of the ancient temples of Upper
Egypt. See note 79.]
[Footnote 173: In this year a terrible famine destroyed the
population of Upper Egypt. 17.000 souls died at Kous, 11,000
at Siout, 15,000 at Haou, of those only who were regularly
buried. (V. Macrizi’s chapter of Upper Egypt.)]
[Footnote 174: See note 80.]
[Footnote 175: The Howara are still settled in the villages from
Siout to Farshyout. They state their origin to be from a Moggrebyn
tribe.]
[Footnote 176: It is probable that at that epoch the Beni Kenz fled
above the cataract.]
[Footnote 177: See note 81.]
[Footnote 178: Even now the travellers to and from Darfour, are in
the habit of depositing their loads in the desert, if their camels
have perished on the road, or are too weak to carry them on.]
[Footnote 179: The author means here the great famine that
happened at that time in Egypt, or the Tartar invasion of Syria
and Mesopotamia. At the same time the Sherif Ibn Sayd of Mekka had
obstructed the passage of the Hadjis.]
[Footnote 180: The last figure being deficient in the MSS. it is
uncertain in what year it was between 660 and 670.]
[Footnote 181: I have mentioned something of this Hadj route in my
second journal. Batouta states the distance at fifteen days journey
(see note 82.) Between Coptos and Berenice were twelve stations.]
[Footnote 182: As are the houses of Souakin at present.]
[Footnote 183: See note 83.]
[Footnote 184: Probably that in the bay, now called Dóngola. (See
my journal.)]
[Footnote 185: I suppose northerly winds are meant here. According
to the present system of navigation in the Red Sea, they would run
over to the African coast from Djidda, and then coast the shore as
far as Aidab northwards.]
[Footnote 186: The small country ships of the Red Sea, never carry
more than three or four days provisions of water, and this was
probably the case likewise in those times; and those who left the
ships to proceed by land, could therefore take no water from the
ship for their journey.]
[Footnote 187: Ropes made of the cocoa tree bark, coming from India
and the Somauly coast, are still in general use in the Red Sea.]
[Footnote 188: Ricinus, a plant frequently seen in Nubia.]
[Footnote 189: See note 84.]
[Footnote 190: The people of Souakin export to Arabia quantities
of mats made of the leaves of the Doum date, but I have seen none
of their ships with similar sails. I recollect only to have seen
in the port of Djidda, small fisher boats with such Doum mats put
up for sails.]
[Footnote 191: These remarks are fully applicable to the ship owners
and sailors from Souakin, and their behaviour towards the Negroe
pilgrims at the present time.]
[Footnote 192: خلاصة الاختصاص في معرفة القوي
و الخواص مختصر الفلاحة النبطية التي
ترجمها ابو بكر ابن و حيشة تأَليف ابن
ر قام المرسي]
[Footnote 193: Wahyshe says of the Sadj, that the colour of the wood
approaches to black. It has a red bark, with large leaves of the size
of a shield. Its odour resembles that of the walnut tree. It grows
in India. The elephants eat the leaves as a favorite food. Of the
trunk boats are made by excavating them, and some trees are large
enough to contain 50 persons. An oil is extracted from the fruit.]
[Footnote 194: و في هذا الجبل من ظهره مغارة
فكل من دخلها لايخرج منها و اما لحيوانٍ
ياكله اولحفرٍ يقع فيه.]
[Footnote 195: I am told that when the French were in Egypt, General
Kleber received several Fahed in presents from the chiefs of the
Sennar caravan.]
[Footnote 196: The complete work must consist of about 30 volumes.]
[Footnote 197: He shews therein the intimate knowledge which he
possessed of Greek and Roman history.]
[Footnote 198: Of this voluminous work, which is much more
interesting than Damyry, I have only the 5th and 7th vol. The
description of the elephant fills almost the whole of one of them.]
[Footnote 199: Thus are called those Arabs who happened to be at
Medina and its neighbourhood, when Mohammed fled thither from Mekka.]
[Footnote 200: Although several villages exist that have taken from
them the name of Helalye.]
[Footnote 201: And some of them in the Sherkye of Lower Egypt,
and in the desert of Mount Sinai.]
[Footnote 202: About the villages of Goreyn and El Wady.]
[Footnote 203: Of the Beni Djozam, some encampments likewise remain
in Darfour, if the authority of an Egyptian trader may be taken,
who told me that he had there known some of them. The tribes of the
Ababde and Bisharein at present people the great desert of Bedja,
according to the limits which are given to that country by Macrizi,
but which appear to have been much circumscribed by the present
inhabitants (v. my notices on Bedja); these two tribes are no doubt
a mixture of Arab and native Bedja blood. The Ababde however pride
themselves in a pure pedigree, and assert their descent to be from
an Arabian tribe.]
[Footnote 204: There is a small village in Upper Egypt, to the
south of the site of Thebes, and about half an hour north of Orment
(Hermontis) which still bears the name of Merys. Macrizi, in speaking
of el Aksar (called by us Luxor, on the east side of Thebes) says
that the inhabitants are reported to be of Merys origin.]
[Footnote 205: Macrizi, in the above cited work, el Selouk (which
is one of the best histories of Egypt, from the time of Salah eddyn)
speaks likewise shortly of this invasion of Melek el Aadel, and says
that Kenz el Doula joined the army sent against the Nubians in 568,
which reached and plundered Dóngola, where the house of the king
was the only one built of stone, the rest being mere huts.]
[Footnote 206: Their province is at the same time one of the most
populous and well cultivated; from the hill of the small town of
Tahta I counted 35 villages within reach of the eye.]
[Footnote 207: In every part of the province of the Howara the
land was assessed not by the Fedhan or acre, as it is now; but
every district had to pay an annual round sum, and the Shikhs of
villages were at liberty to partition it out according to their
own pleasure, by which they accumulated great wealth. The Howara
Shikhs were renowned for their hospitality. I alighted one night
in the house of one of them in a village near the site of Abydus,
where I found upwards of sixty people sitting down to supper in
the court-yard of the house.]
[Footnote 208: I slept in a village called Adoane (عدوانه),
on the east side of the river, about one hour north of Edfou. It is
inhabited at present by the Aboudye, a branch of the great Ababde
tribe; from thence a road of seven days leads to Kosseir.]
[Footnote 209: This is the tomb mentioned in my second journal
through Nubia, page 463.]
[Footnote 210: Who, it seems, then took that road, as the Negroe
pilgrims pass now by Souakin.]
[Footnote 211: There are two abridgments of these travels, one by
Ibn Djezy el Kelby (ابن جزي الكلبي), the other by Ibn
Fathallah el Beylouny(البيلوني ابن فتح الله);
the latter I possess.]
[Footnote 212: Mr. Seetzen, in a treatise on the Berber nation,
inserted in the Mines de l’Orient, says that Batouta states the
inhabitants of Makdosho to be Berbers. He calls them, it is true,
of the nation of Barbara, but it remains to be proved whether the
northern Berbers have any thing in common with these Barbaras, or
with the Berábera above the cataract of Syene, whom Mr. Seetzen
likewise affiliates with the Berbers of Libya. I am ignorant whether
Mr. Seetzen was in possession of the great work of Batouta, or
merely of the abridgment.]
[Footnote 213: It is not said at what distance.]
[Footnote 214: I have mentioned this temple and road from hearsay,
in my second journal.]
[Footnote 215: Mr. C. is soon to set out upon a second expedition,
to discover the gold mines, and although he cares much less for
geography and antiquities than for mineralogy, which he knows well,
being a disciple of Haüy, yet he intends to examine as exactly
as possible the whole desert between the Nile and the Red Sea, as
far as about eight or ten days to the south of Kosseir. The Pasha,
who is greatly interested in the search after gold and jewels,
has done every thing to facilitate and ensure his journey, from
which much interesting matter may be expected.]
[Footnote 216: This fish is called in Italian, “_Pesce Cane_.”
A. S.]
[Footnote 217: We have seen above, that Aboab is the first city of
the country of Aloa. From the distances here given, it must be in the
country inhabited at present by the Arabs Sheygya. It seems therefore
that ships can sail all the way from Assouan to Dóngola, across
all the cataracts. This, can only be possible in time of high water.]
[Footnote 218: This is the Arabic mode of writing _Prince Renaut_.]
[Footnote 219: That is to say, that they prevented them from fetching
it from the other side of the gulph.]
[Footnote 220: I am ignorant of the situation of this place.]
[Footnote 221: Roumy, i. e. a Roman,—a word first applied by
the Arabs to the Greeks of the Lower Empire, and afterwards to
all Christians.]
[Footnote 222: i. e. On the Arabian side.]
[Footnote 223: The valley of sacrifices near Mekka.]
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Transcriber's note:
The changes indicated in the Errata have been done.
pg xiii Changed: nothing could persaude to: persuade
pg xiv Changed: equally divided be- to: between
pg xxxix Changed: obliged to the Committtee to: Committee
pg xliv Changed: large ampitheatre to: amphitheatre
pg liii Changed: should have have been reaped to: should have been
pg lxiv Changed: fro Upper Egypt to: from
pg lxviii Changed: almost four thonsand to: thousand
pg lxxv Changed: to work np his to: work up
pg lxxix Changed: in the twelth century to: twelfth
pg lxxxii Changed: and especiclly near to: especially
pg lxxxv Changed: Israelites by Pharoah to: Pharaoh
pg 6 Changed: a vesel laden with to: vessel
pg 28 Changed: ther battle to: another
pg 38 Changed: of coarse excution to: execution
pg 61 Changed: the slighest idea to: slightest
pg 95 Changed: his contant reply to: constant
pg 102 Changed: of jars placed on over the other to: one over the
other
pg 133 Changed: their desendants may to: descendants
pg 133 Changed: took possesssion of to: possession
pg 135 (footnote [64]) Changed: the eastern moutains to: mountains
pg 138 Changed: people of Ibim to: Ibrim
pg 139 Changed: who exorts from him to: extorts
pg 142 Changed: with and curved edges to: and with
*pg 154 Changed: Chick tea to: Chick pea
*pg 156 Changed: Rosany to: Rosary
pg 185 Changed: I was suprised to: surprised
pg 208 Changed: of Upper Eygpt send to: Egypt
pg 209, reference to footnote [9] has been placed
after: Edris el Temsah,
pg 230 Changed: instances of opthalmia to: ophthalmia
pg 282 Changed: the moutains of Dender to: mountains
pg 291 Changed: boiled chich-pease to: chick-peas
pg 295 Changed: fever and dysentry to: dysentery
pg 327 Changed: Ras Raghig (رفيق) to: رقيق
pg 342 Changed: and fo drilling to: and of drilling
pg 401 Changed: name ofte occurred to: often
pg 424 Changed: grow n the plain to: grow in the
pg 432 Changed: are some wharehouses to: warehouses
pg 445 Changed: a handful of Dhoura to: Dhourra
pg 445 Changed: Abbyssinian slaves to: Abyssinian
pg 446 (footnote [72]) Changed: method of smimming to: swimming
pg 454 Changed: fradulent transactions to: fraudulent
pg 471 Changed: between Kossier and Souakin to: Kosseir
pg 479 Changed: Bahr el Feydh (بح الفيض) to: بحر
*pg 480 Changed: Oulad Ahmad (اولاد احعد) to: احمد
pg 489 Changed: called i the river to: called it
pg 490 Changed: were of opinon to: opinion
pg 509 Changed: you will be victorous to: victorious
pg 523 Changed: find this written likewsie to: likewise
pg 524 Changed: cellars, caverns, gottos to: grottos
pg 538 Changed: no greater heighth to: height
pg 542 Changed: had which been collected to: which had been
All changes listed above can also be found in the Second Edition
of this book (1822), except those marked with an asterisk.
The placement of diacritics in arabic words has been adjusted in
several instances to better match the transliteration offered
by the author.
Minor punctuation and capitalization changes have been done silently.
Isolated page-number typos have been corrected; the jump in
page-number from p. 242 to 253 has been left unchanged.
Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.
Underlined text is enclosed with '~', text with overline enclosed
with '{}'.