when the wind blows highest[24]?”
[1] =Ivanhoe=, a novel by Sir Walter Scott, is the most brilliant and
splendid of romances in the English language. Rebecca, the Jewess, was
Scott’s favourite character. The Scene is laid in England in the reign
of Richard I., who assumes the name of the ‘Black Knight’ in this story,
and we are introduced to Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest, banquets in Saxon
halls, tournaments, and all the pomp of ancient chivalry. Sir Wilfred
Ivanhoe is the favourite of Richard I. and disinherited son of the Saxon
Cedric of Rotherwood. Having distinguished himself as a crusader, he
returns to England and, disguised as a palmer, goes to Rotherwood, where
he meets Rowéna, his father’s ward, with whom he is in love; but, through
his separation from his true love, we see him more as the friend of
Rebecca and her father, Isaac of York, to both of whom he shows repeated
acts of kindness, and completely wins the affections of the beautiful
Jewess, who, by her gentle, meek, yet noble and high-toned disposition,
quite throws into the shade her more successful rival Rowéna. In the
grand tournament at Ashby Ivanhoe appears as the ‘Disinherited Knight’,
and overthrows all comers. He is, however, wounded, and carried from the
crowded lists by Rebecca’s servants. After having attended to his wounds,
Rebecca and her father are about to transport their friend in a litter
to Doncaster, when they are surprised by a number of armed men, headed
by the Templar Brian de Bois-Guilbert, who take them prisoners and bring
them, along with Cedric and Rowéna, who likewise have been made captives,
to Torquilstone, the Castle of Front-de-Bœuf, Ivanhoe’s enemy. During
their imprisonment the castle is besieged by the Black Knight, who, in
his adventurous spirit, having joined a band of yeomen and outlaws,
demands the deliverance of the prisoners. The castle falls into the hands
of the besiegers, Front-de-Bœuf perishing in the flames of the burning
castle; Ring Richard pleads for Ivanhoe to Cedric, reconciles the father
to his son, and the young knight marries Rowéna.
[2] +bettlägerig.+
[3] = combat.
[4] Insert ‘either’ here; gives = brings; played out = is fought out; by,
+von+.
[5] to look from the window, +zum Fenster hinaus´sehen+. Use the 2nd
pers. sing. when Ivanhoe addresses Rebecca.
[6] that — archers = =that= (= =in order that, +damit+=) the archers
_may_ not notice thee.
[7] +ob.+
[8] +heran´rücken.+
[9] +unverdrossen.+
[10] +und durch die von ihr zur stillen Andacht benutzte Pause gestärkt.+
[11] took post = placed herself; at, +an+.
[12] +sich verbergen+, insep. comp. str. v. refl.; say ‘sheltered herself
however;’ by means of = behind.
[13] as — beneath = that she could not be seen from beneath (+unten+).
[14] = a; flying so thick = which fly in such masses (use the Sing.)
through the air; ‘to fly through’, here +durchflie´gen+, insep. comp.
str. v.
[15] as — eyes = that they dazzle my eyes; and to hide = and conceal from
my eyes (+Blick+, m.); ‘to shoot’, here +ab´schießen+.
[16] +lange so fortdauern.+
[17] to press right on, +schne-ll vor´dringen+; to = and; to carry
a fortress by pure force of arms, +eine Festung durch Waffengewalt
ein´nehmen+.
[18] = will; avail, +nützen+; but = only; bulwarks, +Befestigungen+.
[19] +suchen.+
[20] ‘to bear oneself’, here +sich halten+, str. v. refl.
[21] +so die Geführten.+
[22] +Verruchter Feigling!+
[23] = to give way, +zurückweichen+, sep. comp. str. v.; helm = rudder,
+Steuerruder+, n.
[24] highest = strongest. =The relative superlative of adverbs= is formed
by placing +=am=+ before the superlative of the adjective, and giving it
the dative termination +=en=+, like the predicative form of adjectives.
Comp. S. 120, N. 14.
_Section 184._
REBECCA DESCRIBES THE SIEGE OF TORQUILSTONE TO THE WOUNDED IVANHOE.
II.
“He blenches not! he blenches not!” said Rebecca, “I see him now; he
leads a body of men[1] close under the outer barrier[2] of the barbican.
They pull down the piles and palisades; they hew down the barriers with
axes.—His high black plume floats abroad over the throng[3], like a
raven over the field of the slain[4].—They have made a breach in the
barriers—they rush in—they are thrust back! Front-de-Bœuf heads the
defenders; I see his gigantic form above the press[5]. They throng[6]
again to (S. 72, N. 4) the breach, and the pass is disputed hand to
hand and man to man[7]. God of Jacob! it is the meeting of two fierce
tides—the conflict of two oceans moved by adverse winds[8]!”
She turned her head from the lattice, as if (S. 27, N. 7) unable longer
to endure a sight so terrible (S. 128, N. 11).
“Look forth again, Rebecca,” said Ivanhoe, mistaking[9] the cause of her
retiring; “the archery must in some degree[10] have ceased, since they
are now fighting hand to hand.—Look again, there is[11] now less danger.”
Rebecca again looked forth, and almost immediately exclaimed: “Help, O
prophets of the law! Front-de-Bœuf and the Black Knight fight hand to
hand on[12] the breach, amid[13] the roar of their followers[14], who
watch[15] the progress of the strife.—Heaven strike[16] (App. § 34)
_with_ the cause (+Sache+, f.) of the oppressed and the captive!”
She then[17] uttered a loud shriek, and exclaimed: “He is down[18]!—He is
down!”
[1] +eine Schar Kämpfer.+
[2] ‘barrier’ may here be rendered by +Befestigungen+, +Schanzpfähle+,
or +Verschanzungen+. Every Gothic castle and city had, beyond the outer
walls, a fortification composed of palisades, called the barriers, which
were often the scene of severe skirmishes, as these had necessarily to be
carried before the walls themselves could be approached. The ‘barbacan’
or ‘_barbican_’ was the outer wall of an ancient castle or town, and may
be rendered by ‘+Zwingmauer+, f.’
[3] +flattert hoch über der Menge in der Luft umher.+
[4] = battle-field.
[5] +Gedränge+, n.
[6] to throng = to press forward, +sich vorwärts drängen+, sep. comp. w.
v. refl.
[7] and — man = they fight for (+um+) the pass (+Durchgang+, m.) and
struggle (+kämpfen+) man against man.
[8] it — winds = it is like the meeting (+Aneinanderstoßen+) of two
fierce tides (+Sturmflut+, f.), like the conflict (+Zusammenfließen+,
n.) of two oceans (+Weltmeer+, n.) which are moved (+fort´treiben+, sep.
comp. str. v.) by adverse (+entgegengesetzt+) winds.
[9] +unrichtig deuten+. Construe accord. to S. 16, N. 4; of her retiring
= of this movement.
[10] in some degree = almost.
[11] there is, +es ist ... vorhanden+. Comp. S. 104, N. 19.
[12] +vor+.
[13] +während+, with Gen.
[14] +Anhänger.+
[15] +mit Aufmerksamkeit verfolgen.+
[16] = defend, v. tr.
[17] = hereupon, which place first. To utter a shriek, +einen Schrei
ausstoßen+.
[18] = fallen.
_Section 185._
REBECCA DESCRIBES THE SIEGE OF TORQUILSTONE TO THE WOUNDED IVANHOE.
III.
“Who is down?” cried Ivanhoe; “for[1] our dear Lady’s sake, tell me who
has fallen?”
“The Black Knight,” answered Rebecca faintly[2]; then instantly again
shouted with joyful eagerness[3]: “But[4] no—but no!—the name of the Lord
of hosts be blessed[5]!—he is on foot[6] again, and fights as if there
were twenty men’s strength in his single arm[7].—His sword is broken—he
snatches[8] an axe from a yeoman—he presses[9] Front-de-Bœuf with blow
on blow.—The giant stoops and totters like an oak under the steel of the
woodman[10]—he falls—he falls!”
“Front-de-Bœuf?” exclaimed Ivanhoe.
“Front-de-Bœuf!” answered the Jewess; “his men[11] rush to
the rescue[12], headed (S. 102, N. 3) by (+von+) the haughty
Templar[13]—their united force compels the champion[14] to pause.—They
drag Front-de-Bœuf within the walls[15].”
“The assailants have won[16] the barriers, have they not?” said Ivanhoe.
“They have—they have[17]!” exclaimed Rebecca—“and they press[18] the
besieged hard upon the outer wall; some plant ladders[19], some swarm
like bees (S. 3, N. 2) and endeavour to ascend upon the shoulders of
each other[20]—down go[21] stones, beams, and trunks of trees upon their
heads, and as fast as they bear the wounded to the rear[22], fresh
men[23] supply their places in the assault.—Great God, hast thou given
men thine own image[24], that (S. 183, N. 6) it should be thus cruelly
defaced[25] by[26] the hands of their brethren?”
[1] = for the sake of (+um ... willen+) the holy Virgin.
[2] +mit schwacher Stimme.+
[3] then — eagerness = but cried immediately (+gleich darauf+) with
joyful surprise.
[4] +Doch.+
[5] +gepriesen.+
[6] to be on foot, +auf den Beinen sein+.
[7] as — arm = as if (+als ob+) his arm possessed (Impf. Subj. App. § 33)
the strength of 20 men.
[8] to snatch a thing from a person, +einem etwas entrei´ßen+, insep.
comp. str. v. tr.; a yeoman, ein +Freisasse+, m. Comp. App. § 5; ‘axe’,
here = battle-axe, +Streitaxt+, f.
[9] ‘to press’, here +weiter zurück´drängen+, sep. comp. w. v. tr.; with
blow on blow, +mit jedem Schlage+.
[10] = wood-cutter.
[11] +Leute.+
[12] He rushed to my rescue, +er eilte mir zu Hülfe+.
[13] +Der Tempelherr war Brian de Bois-Guilbert.+ Comp. S. 183, N. 1.
[14] = hero; to pause = to stop fighting, +mit dem Fechten in´nezuhalten+.
[15] ‘within the walls’ may be briefly rendered by +hinein+.
[16] = taken, +ein´nehmen+, sep. comp. irreg. v. tr.; turn ‘barriers’ by
+Verschanzungen+; have they not? +nicht wahr?+
[17] +Ja—ja!+
[18] here +bedrängen+; hard, +heftig+; upon, +auf+, with Dat.
[19] to plant ladders, +Leitern an die Mauer stellen+.
[20] = of the others.
[21] down go, +es werden ... herniedergeworfen+. Comp. S. 104, N. 19.
[22] and — rear = and as soon as (+so wie+) the wounded are carried away
(+hinweg´tragen+). Comp. S. 2, N. 1.
[23] = other combatants (+Streiter+). He supplied my place in the assault
of the castle, +er nahm meine Stelle bei der Erstürmung des Schlosses
wieder ein+.
[24] Say ‘hast thou created men (S. 134, N. 9) after thy own image
(+Bild+, n.)’.
[25] +entstellen+, insep. comp. w. v.; Use the Pres. Subj. of the Passive
voice, and comp. App. §§ 29 and 35.
[26] =by= = =through=, +=durch=+; the hands = the hand.
_Section 186._
REBECCA DESCRIBES THE SIEGE OF TORQUILSTONE TO THE WOUNDED IVANHOE.
IV.
“Think not of that (S. 4, N. 5, _B_),” said Ivanhoe; “this is[1] no time
for such thoughts. Who yield? Who push their way[2]?”
“The ladders are thrown down,” replied Rebecca shuddering; “the soldiers
lie grovelling[3] under them like crushed reptiles. The besieged have the
better[4].”
“Saint George, strike[5] for us!” exclaimed the Knight; “do the false
yeomen give way[6]?”
“No!” exclaimed Rebecca, “they bear[7] themselves right yeomanly—the
Black Knight approaches the postern with his huge axe—the thundering
blows which he deals[8] you may[9] hear _them_ above all the din[10] and
shouts of the battle.—Stones and beams are hailed down[11] on the bold
champion—he regards them no more than if they were[12] thistle-down[13]
or feathers!”
“By Saint George,” said Ivanhoe, raising (S. 111, N. 6) himself joyfully
on his couch, “methought[14] there was (S. 82, N. 7, and App. § 33) but
one man in England that[15] might do such a deed!”
“The postern gate shakes[16],” continued Rebecca; “it crashes—it is
splintered by[17] his blows—they rush in—the outwork is won[18].—O God,
they hurl the defenders from the battlements—they throw them into the
moat.—O men, if ye[19] be indeed men, spare them that can resist no
longer!”
“The bridge—the bridge which communicates with the castle—have they
won[20] that pass?” exclaimed Ivanhoe.
“No,” replied Rebecca, “the Templar has destroyed the plank on which they
crossed[21]—few[22] of the defenders escaped with him into the castle—the
shrieks and cries[23] which you hear tell the fate of the others.—Alas! I
see it is still more difficult to look upon[24] victory (S. 3, N. 2) than
upon battle.”—SIR WALTER SCOTT, “IVANHOE.”
[1] = we have; for, +zu+.
[2] to push one’s way, +vorwärts dringen+.
[3] +auf dem Bauche.+
[4] to have the better, +die Oberhand haben+.
[5] = fight.
[6] +zurück´weichen.+
[7] ‘to bear oneself’, here +sich halten+; right yeomanly = like true
(+echt+) yeomen.
[8] to deal blows, +Streiche führen+.
[9] = can; See S. 92, N. 5 and App. § 14; above, +über ... hinaus+.
[10] +Getöse+, n.
[11] = thrown down.
[12] than — were = than he would regard (+beachten+).
[13] +Distelwolle.+
[14] = I thought; see S. 64, N. 11; but = only.
[15] +der einer solchen That fähig wäre!+
[16] +wackeln.+
[17] +von.+
[18] = taken, +ein´nehmen+, sep. comp. irreg. v. tr.
[19] +ihr+; to spare a man, +~eines~ Menschen schonen+; render ‘them’
by the Gen. of the demonstr. pron.; that — longer = who can defend
themselves no longer.
[20] +erkämpft+; that pass, +diesen Durchgang+.
[21] to cross on a plank, +über eine Planke schreiten+.
[22] = only few; escaped = have escaped (+entkom´men+, insep. comp.
irreg. v., S. 29, N. 3).
[23] +das laute Schreien und Klagen+; you = thou; tell, +verrät+.
[24] ‘to look upon a thing’, here +etwas mit an´sehen+, v. tr.
_Section 187._
THE FAVOURITE HARES[1].
I.
In the year 1774, being (S. 55, N. 1) much indisposed both in mind and
body[2], incapable of diverting myself either[3] with company or books,
and yet in a condition[4] that made some diversion necessary[5], I was
glad of anything that would engage my attention[6], without fatiguing it.
The children of a neighbour of mine had a leveret given them for a
play-thing[7]; it was at that time about three months old. Understanding
better how to tease the poor creature than to feed it, and soon becoming
weary of their charge[8], they readily consented[9] that their father,
who saw it pining[10] and growing leaner every day, should offer[11] it
to my acceptance. I was willing enough to take the prisoner under my
protection, perceiving that (S. 66, N. 15), in the management[12] of such
an animal, and in the attempt to tame it, I should find just that sort
of employment which my case required[13]. It was soon known among the
neighbours that I was pleased[14] with the present, and the consequence
of it was, that[15] in a short time I had as many leverets offered to me
as would have stocked a paddock[16]. I undertook the care[17] of three,
which it is necessary that I should here distinguish by the names I
gave them[18]: Puss, Tiny, and Bess. Notwithstanding the two feminine
appellatives, I must inform[19] you they were all males.
[1] +Die in dieser und den drei darauf folgenden Abschnitten gegebene
interessante Erzählung ist den Schriften des wohlbekannten englischen
Dichters und Schriftstellers William Cowper entnommen, welcher am 26.
November 1731 im Pfarrhause von Great Berkhampstead in Hertfordshire
geboren wurde und am 25. April 1780 starb. Seine beste Schöpfung ist
unstreitig die von ihm mit dem Titel+: ‘The Task’ +benannte Dichtung,
durch welche er seinen Ruf als Dichter begründete, und welche von keinem
seiner späteren Werke übertroffen wurde.+
[2] to be much indisposed both in mind and body, +sowohl geistig als auch
körperlich zerrüttet sein+.
[3] incapable — either = and could neither divert myself (+sich
zerstreuen+); with, +durch+, which repeat before books; or = nor.
[4] +mich aber dabei so befand+.
[5] that — necessary = that some diversion was necessary.
[6] I shall be glad of anything that will engage my attention, +ich werde
gern alles ergreifen, was meine Aufmerksamkeit fesseln kann+.
[7] +zum Spielen+, which place after the auxiliary ‘had’; given them,
+geschenkt erhalten+.
[8] to become weary of one’s charge, +seines Schützlings überdrüssig
werden+.
[9] I readily consented, +ich hatte nichts dagegen+.
[10] +sich ab´zehren+.
[11] should offer = offered it. We offered it to his acceptance, +wir
boten es ihm zum Geschenk an+.
[12] = treatment.
[13] I hope he will find just that sort of employment which his case
requires, +ich hoffe, er wird gerade die für seinen Zustand passende
Beschäftigung finden+.
[14] My father will be greatly pleased with the picture, +das Bild wird
meinem Vater große Freude machen+.
[15] Read App. § 21. In order to avoid a repetition of the conjunction
+daß+, it is advisable to construe the clause ‘that — me’ = there were
(+es wurden+, S. 104, N. 19) offered to me in _a_ short time so many
leverets. ‘To offer’, here +zum Geschenk anbieten+.
[16] as — paddock, +daß ich einen Wildpark damit hätte ausrüsten können+.
[17] +Pflege.+
[18] which — them = the names of which I must mention (+an´führen+) here,
in order to distinguish them from one another; I called them.
[19] +bemerken+; you = to the reader; they = the little animals (for
which use the diminutive).
_Section 188._
THE FAVOURITE HARES.
II.
Immediately commencing carpenter, I built[1] them houses to sleep in.
Each leveret had a separate apartment, so contrived[2] that it could be
kept perfectly sweet and clean[3]. In the daytime[4] the animals had the
range[5] of the hall, and at night[6] retired each to his own bed, never
intruding into that of another[7].
Puss grew presently familiar, would leap[8] into my lap, raise himself[9]
upon his hinder feet, and bite the hair from my temples. He would
suffer[10] me to take him up, and to carry him about in my arms, and
has more than once fallen fast asleep upon my knees. He was ill three
days, during which time I nursed him, kept him apart from his fellows,
that[11] they might not molest him (for, like many other wild animals,
they persecute[12] one of their own species that is sick), and by
constant care[13], and with a variety of herbs, restored him to perfect
health[14]. No creature could be more grateful than (S. 104, N. 19) my
patient after his recovery, a sentiment which he most significantly
expressed by licking[15] my hand, first the back of it[16], then the
palm, then every finger separately[17], then[18] between all _the_
fingers, as if (S. 27, N. 7) anxious to leave no part of it unsaluted; a
ceremony[19] which he _never_ performed but once again[20] upon a similar
occasion.
[1] I became at once _a_ carpenter and made, etc.
[2] +ein´richten+; see S. 7, N. 3, _B_.
[3] +rein und sauber.+
[4] +Des Tages.+
[5] We had the range of the whole house, +wir konnten im ganzen Hause
umher´laufen+.
[6] +des Nachts.+
[7] never — other = and none ever (+je+) went (+sich begeben+) into the
bed of another.
[8] would leap = leapt. Comp. S. 101, N. 22.
[9] = placed himself.
[10] = He allowed (+gestatten+) me; has fallen = fell; to fall asleep,
+ein´schlafen+.
[11] = in order that, +damit+; might = could.
[12] = torment, +quälen+; one — sick = the sick _ones_ of their own
species (+Gattung+, f.).
[13] = nursing, +Pflege+, f.; with a variety = various.
[14] He restored me to perfect health, +er stellte meine Gesundheit ganz
wieder her+.
[15] +durch das Belecken.+
[16] +und zwar beleckte er zuerst den Rücken derselben.+
[17] = singly, adj., to be placed before ‘finger’.
[18] = and finally he licked even, +beleckte er mich auch+.
[19] here +Förmlichkeit+, f.
[20] but once again, +nur noch einmal+; upon, +bei+.
_Section 189._
THE FAVOURITE HARES.
III.
Finding him extremely tractable, I made it my[1] custom to carry him
always after breakfast into the garden, where he hid himself generally
under the leaves of a vine, sleeping[2] or chewing the cud till evening;
in the leaves also of that vine he found a favourite repast[3]. I had
not long habituated him to _this taste of_ liberty, before[4] he began
to be impatient for the return of the time[5] when he might enjoy it[6].
He would invite me to the garden[7] by drumming (S. 111, N. 6) upon my
knee, and by (S. 185, N. 26) a look of such expression[8] as it was not
possible to misinterpret. If the[9] rhetoric did not immediately succeed,
he would take the skirt of my coat (S. 36, N. 7, _A_) between his teeth,
and pull it with all _his_ force[10]. Thus Puss might be said to be
perfectly tamed[11]; the shyness of his nature was done away[12], and, on
the whole[13], it was visible by many symptoms, which I have not room to
enumerate[14], that he was happier in human society than when (S. 27, N.
7) shut up with[15] his natural companions.
Not so Tiny; upon him the kindest[16] treatment had not the least
effect. He too was sick, and in his sickness had an equal share of my
attention[17]; but when, after his recovery, I took the liberty to
stroke him, he would grunt, strike with his fore feet, spring forward,
and bite[18]. He was, however[19], entertaining in his way; even his
surliness was matter of mirth[20], and in his play he preserved such
an air of gravity[21], and performed his feats with such solemnity of
manner[22], that in (+an+) him too I had an agreeable companion.
[1] +zur.+
[2] Use this and the following verb in the Imperfect, preceded by ‘and’;
to chew the cud, +sein Futter wiederkäuen+.
[3] in — repast, +auch aß er die Blätter des Weinstocks besonders gern+.
[4] = when; insert the adv. +schon+ after ‘he’.
[5] to — time = to long impatiently for the time.
[6] when — it = when (S. 131, N. 4) he could again enjoy this liberty.
[7] = to come into the garden with him.
[8] Render ‘of such expression’ by the adj. ‘expressive’; as = that,
followed by +man+ and the active form of the verb.
[9] = his; and construe according to the following example: He will never
succeed, +er wird nie seinen Zweck erreichen+.
[10] Supply the adv. ‘forward’ after this noun.
[11] Say ‘And so (+somit+) I may (+dürfen+) perhaps (+wohl+) say of
“Puss” that he was quite tamed’.
[12] = his natural shyness was conquered.
[13] +überhaupt+; visible = clear.
[14] = which (S. 66, N. 15) on account of want of (+an+) room I cannot
enumerate here.
[15] ‘to be shut up’, here +sich ausschließlich befinden+; with, +bei+.
[16] +liebreich+.
[17] in — attention = and during his sickness I nursed him with equal
(+gleich+) attention.
[18] Supply ‘at (+nach+) me’ here.
[19] Supply ‘also’ here; in, +auf+.
[20] = amusing.
[21] = such a grave air (+Miene+, f.).
[22] = solemn dignity.
_Section 190._
THE FAVOURITE HARES.
IV.
Bess, who died soon after he was full grown[1], and whose death was
occasioned by his being turned (S. 161, N. 21, and S. 87, N. 6) into his
box, which had been washed, while it was yet damp[2], was a hare of
great humour and drollery[3]. Puss was tamed by gentle usage; Tiny was
not to be tamed at all; and Bess had a[4] courage and confidence that
made him tame from the beginning[5]. I always admitted them into the
parlour after supper, when (S. 131, N. 4), the[6] carpet affording their
feet a firm hold, they would frisk, _and_ bound, and play _a_ thousand
gambols, in[7] which Bess, being remarkably strong and fearless, was
always superior to the rest. One evening, the cat being in the room, it
had the hardiness to pat Bess upon the cheek, an indignity which[8] he
resented by drumming upon her (S. 43, N. 9, _B_) back with such violence
that the cat was happy to escape from _under_ his paws, and[9] hide
herself.
I describe the animals as having had each a character of his own[10].
Such they were in fact[11], and their countenances were so expressive
of that character, that, when I looked only on the face of either, I
immediately knew which it was[12].—WILLIAM COWPER, “THE GENTLEMAN’S
MAGAZINE, 1784.”
[1] +völlig ausgewachsen sein.+
[2] which — damp = which after having been washed (+nach der Reinigung+)
was yet damp.
[3] = was a very facetious _and_ droll hare.
[4] = so much.
[5] = that he became tame from the very (+gleich im+) beginning.
[6] Place the clause ‘the — hold’ after ‘they — gambols’: To play
gambols, +possierliche Luftsprünge machen+.
[7] in which = in (+bei+) which games.
[8] an indignity which = which offence.
[9] Say ‘and to be able to hide herself’.
[10] as — own = as if each of the same had had (Pluperf. Subj.) his own
character.
[11] = That was however (+aber auch+) really the case.
[12] that — was = that from (+aus+) the face of each I could at once
distinguish (+erkennen+) who it (= he) was.
_Section 191._
PRINCE BISMARCK’S HOME[1].