Rücksicht auf+) all that (S. 3, N. 7) refers (+sich beziehen+) to (+auf+)
the excellence of its construction and (+wie+) to (+auf+) the variety
(+Mannigfaltigkeit+, f.) of its application (+Nutzanwendung+, f.), should
he rather (+eigentlich+) be called the Inventor of the same’.
[2] +Wirkung+, f.; in what voice is the verb? Insert the adv. +erst+
after the auxiliary.
[3] as — defiance = as (+um+) to be able to employ it in (+bei+) the
making (+Anfertigung+, f.) of the finest and most delicate (+zart+)
manufactures (+Fabrikate+), and its power so increased as (+um+) to be
able to render resistance (+Widerstand leisten+) to every weight (+Last+,
f.) and every solidity (+Festigkeit+, f.). Translate ‘to be able’ by
+können+, which need be expressed but once, and must be placed at the
very end of the whole period, which, along with the following, is perhaps
the most difficult to translate that has yet been given.
[4] +Einrichtungen+; it = the machine; thing, +Werkzeug+, n., after which
place the verb ‘become’; alike for, +und zwar dies sowohl wegen ... wie
auch+.
[5] rend = tear down.
[6] Say ‘without tearing it’, which place after ‘gossamer’
(+Sommerfäden+).
[7] Insert the prep. +auf+ here.
[8] +Streifen.+
[9] to impel against, +entge´gentreiben+, governing the dat.
_Section 143._
JAMES WATT AND THE STEAM-ENGINE.
II.
It would be difficult to estimate the value of the benefits which
these inventions have conferred upon this country. There is no branch
of industry that has not been indebted[1] to them; and[2], in all the
most material, they have not only widened most magnificently the field
of its exertions, but[3] multiplied a thousand-fold the amount of its
productions. It was our improved steam-engine, in short[4], that fought
the battles of Europe and sustained and exalted, through[5] the late
tremendous contest, the political greatness of our land. _It is_ the
same great power _which_ now enables us to pay the interest of our debt,
and to maintain[6] the arduous struggle _in which we are still engaged_
(1819) with the skill[7] and capital of countries (S. 16, N. 10) less
oppressed with (+von+) taxation.
But these are poor[8] and narrow views of its importance. It has
increased indefinitely the mass of[9] human comforts and enjoyments,
and[10] rendered cheap and accessible, all over the world, the materials
of wealth and prosperity.
[1] I am greatly indebted to you, +ich habe Ihnen vieles zu verdanken+.
[2] Say ‘and in the principal branches’; most magnificently, +auf das
großartigste+.
[3] Insert ‘also’ here.
[4] +Kurz+, which place at the head of the period.
[5] through = in.
[6] +fortsetzen+, which rendering will make the relative clause ‘_in —
engaged_’ superfluous.
[7] ‘skill’, here = industry.
[8] poor = superficial; narrow, +beschränkt+; of = about.
[9] of human = of our.
[10] +und die Stoffe, welche sonst nur dem Reichtum und dem Wohlstand
zugänglich waren, für die ganze Welt billig und erreichbar gemacht.+
_Section 144._
JAMES WATT AND THE STEAM-ENGINE.
III.
It has armed the feeble hand of (S. 3, N. 2) man, _in_ short[1], with a
power to which no limits can be assigned[2]; completed[3] the dominion
of mind over the most refractory qualities of matter[4], and laid a sure
foundation for[5] all those future miracles of mechanic power which[6]
are to aid and reward the labours of after generations. It[7] is to the
genius of one man, too, that all this is mainly owing! And certainly
no man ever bestowed such a gift on his kind[8]. The blessing is not
only universal, but[9] unbounded; and the fabled[10] inventors of the
plough and the loom, who were deified by their rude[11] contemporaries,
conferred less important benefits (App. § 5) on mankind than the inventor
of our present steam-engine.
This will be the fame of Watt with[12] future generations, and it[13] is
sufficient for his race and his country.—LORD JEFFREY.
[1] Commence the period with ‘_In_ short’.
[2] to assign limits to a thing, +einer Sache Grenzen stecken+.
[3] Say ‘it has completed’, etc.
[4] +Materie+, f.
[5] +zu+.
[6] Say ‘which are destined (+zu etwas bestimmt sein+, Comp. S. 87, N. 6)
to assist and to reward the labours of (= of the) future generations’.
[7] It — owing = All this we owe mainly to the genius of a single man.
[8] +Geschlecht+, n.; use the verb in the Perfect; ever, +je vorher+.
[9] +sondern auch.+
[10] +sagenhaft.+
[11] rude = inexperienced.
[12] +bei+, with the def. art.
[13] +dieser.+
_Section 145._
MANUFACTURES OF ENGLAND[1].
The principal branches of[2] the industrial pursuits are the
manufactures[3] of cotton, woollen[4], and worsted goods, iron and
hardware, earthenware[5], hosiery, mining[6], and shipbuilding.
The geographical distribution of the manufacturing[7] population is
dependent partly on natural, partly on accidental circumstances. The
proximity of a coal-field[8] decides the point[9] in many instances[10];
for, even where the raw material is bulky[11], it is generally more
practicable to bring[12] it to the coal (+Kohlen+), than the coal to
it, an[13] instance of which is furnished by the copper-ore of Cornwall
being taken to Swansea to be smelted. The iron manufacture is carried
on[14] generally at[15] the coal-fields, the[16] chief seats being
south Wales, Staffordshire, and Derbyshire. The cotton manufacture
has[17] been located in Lancashire and Cheshire for _the last_ three
centuries; but[18] it has attained its present dimensions very much
through those counties being readily furnished with the raw material
from America, as[19] well as from the abundance of coal outside those
counties; Manchester, Bolton, Oldham, Stockport, and Macclesfield are the
chief seats of the manufacture.—BEVAN, “THE STUDENT’S MANUAL OF MODERN
GEOGRAPHY.”
[1] +Die englische Industrie.+
[2] of — pursuits, +der Industrie+.
[3] +Fabrikation+, f.
[4] The preposition ‘of’ is best repeated in this enumeration; worsted,
+aus Kammwolle gefertigt+; ‘goods’, here +Stoffe+.
[5] +irdenes Geschirr+ or +Töpferwaren+.
[6] +Berg- und Schiffsbau.+
[7] manufacturing = industrial.
[8] +Kohlenlager+, n.
[9] the point, +darüber+, which place last.
[10] instances = cases.
[11] +schwer und umfangreich.+
[12] +hin´schaffen+; than — it = than the reverse, +als umgekehrt+.
[13] It is well to begin a new period here, thus: ‘An example of
this (+dazu+) furnishes the copper-ore of Cornwall, which is taken
(+befördern+) to (S. 72, N. 4), S.’, etc.
[14] +betreiben+, insep. c. str. v.
[15] at the = in the neighbourhood of the.
[16] the — being = which are mainly situated (+belegen+) in.
[17] has been located, +ist ansässig+. =The Present is often used in
German where the English use the Perfect to express the duration of an
action up to the time of speaking=; as—+Unsere Familie ~wohnt seit~
zwanzig Jahren+ (or +~schon~ zwanzig Jahre+) +in Manchester+, our family
_has been living_ in Manchester _for_ these last twenty years.
[18] but — America. This clause containing a Gerund (being) preceded by
the preposition ‘through’, must be construed according to S. 1, N. 3,
and S. 87, N. 6 in the following way: ‘but it (+sie+) has received its
present dimension especially thereby (+dadurch+, read S. 87, N. 6), that
these counties can easily be (S. 2, N. 1) supplied with the raw material
from America’. The three verbs must, of course, be placed at the end,
and in such a way that the governing verb (can) stands last, and the
auxiliary of tense in the middle.
[19] as — counties = as also (+wie auch noch+) thereby, that the coal is
[use the pl. in German] to be got (+zu haben sein+) in abundance in the
neighbouring counties.
_Section 146._
MR. H. M. STANLEY’S APPEAL[1] FOR SUPPLIES.
I.
Village _of_ N’sanda[2], August 4, 1877.
To[3] any Gentleman who speaks English at Embomma.
Dear[4] Sir,
I have arrived at[5] this place from Zanzibar with 115 souls, (S. 53,
N. 9) men, women, and children. We are now in[6] a state of imminent
starvation. We can buy[7] nothing from the natives, for they laugh at[8]
our _kinds of_ cloth[9], beads, and wire. There[10] are no provisions in
the country that may be purchased, except on market days, and starving
people cannot afford to wait for these markets. I[11], therefore, have
made bold to despatch three of my young men[12], natives[13] of Zanzibar,
with (+nebst+) a boy named Feruzi, of the English mission at Zanzibar,
with this letter.
I do not know you, but[14] I am told there (S. 104, N. 19) is an
Englishman at (+in+) Embomma, and as you are a Christian and a gentleman,
I beg you not to disregard my request. The boy Robert will be better able
to describe our lone condition than I[15] can tell you in this letter.
We are in _a state of_ the greatest distress; but if your supplies[16]
arrive in time, I[17] may be able to reach Embomma within four days.
[1] +Anruf um Zusendung von Waren.+
[2] The village of N’sanda is three days’ journey from Embomma, or Boma,
which is a small town on the Congo or Livingstone River at a distance of
sixty-five English miles from the Atlantic, and, with regard to Stanley’s
position, may be considered the van of civilisation in Africa, being the
first place inhabited by Europeans.—For the full understanding of this
letter, it may be useful to observe that it was written at the critical
period when, at their journey home from the sources of the Nile, and
almost at the end of all their troubles, the heroic travellers of more
than 7000 miles through Equatorial Africa found themselves face to face
with the grimmest of all enemies—starvation. Nearly forty men filled the
sick list with dysentery, ulcers, and scurvy, and the number of victims
of the latter disease was steadily increasing. For a considerable time
the people had had no other food but a few ground-nuts and bananas, and
were scarcely more than skin and bone. In this extremity Mr. Stanley
determined to despatch four of his strongest and swiftest men with this
letter to Embomma, where he was told there was one Englishman, one
Frenchman, and three Portuguese. He then intended to follow these men as
quickly as possible with the rest of his people, and to meet them and
the expected supplies on the road to Boma, thus gaining at least one or
two days, which might turn out to be of the greatest importance to his
starving followers.
[3] Use the attributive construction, as explained in S. 48, N. 6.
[4] +Geehrt.+
[5] at this place = here.
[6] +dem Verhungern nahe sein.+
[7] ‘buy’, here = exchange, +ein´tauschen+.
[8] +über+, with Acc.
[9] Say ‘cloths, beads, and wires’.
[10] Say ‘Except on (+Außer an+) market days there are (+sind+) in the
(+auf dem+) country no provisions to be got (+zu haben+) that we can buy,
and if one hungers, one cannot possibly wait for (+auf+, with Acc.) these
markets.
[11] Say ‘I venture (after which use the grammatical object, as explained
in S. 51, N. 13) therefore to send (+ab´senden+), etc.
[12] +Leute.+
[13] +welche aus Zanzibar gebürtig sind.+
[14] +man sagt mir jedoch.+
[15] I can tell you = I can do.
[16] ‘supplies’, here = goods.
[17] I may be able = I can perhaps (see App. § 15).
_Section 147._
MR. H. M. STANLEY’S APPEAL FOR SUPPLIES.
II.
I want 300 cloths[1], each four yards long, of[2] such quality as you
trade with, which is very different from that we have; but[3] better
than all would be ten or fifteen man-loads of rice or grain to fill
the pinched[4] bellies immediately, as[5] even with the cloths it would
require time to purchase food, and starving people[6] cannot wait. The
supplies must arrive within two days, or[7] I may have a fearful time
of it among the dying. Of course I hold myself responsible for any[8]
expense (S. 16, N. 10) you[9] may incur in the business. What is wanted
is immediate relief, and I pray you to[10] use your utmost energies to
forward it at once. If (App. § 21) you have such little luxuries[11]
as tea, coffee, sugar, and biscuits by you, such[12] as one man can
easily carry, I beg you on[13] my own behalf that you will send a small
supply[14] and[15] add to the great debt of gratitude due to you upon the
timely arrival of the supplies for my people. Until[16] that time I beg
you to believe me,
Yours sincerely,
H. M. STANLEY,
Commanding[17] the Anglo-American Expedition for[18] the
Exploration of Africa.
P.S. You[19] may not know me by name, I therefore add, I[20] am the
person that discovered[21] Livingstone in 1871. H. M. S.—H. M. STANLEY,
“THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT.”
[1] cloths = pieces _of_ cloth.
[2] of — have = and of that quality with which you trade, which is quite
different from ours.
[3] but — grain = but still better would be (Pluperf. Subj.) as much rice
or grain as ten or fifteen men (+Leute+) can carry.
[4] = hungry stomachs.
[5] as — food = as (after which place the subject ‘_we_’), even in the
possession of the cloths, we should yet want time to exchange provisions
for them (S. 4, N. 5, _B_).
[6] +die Hungerleidenden.+
[7] or — dying, Liter. = if (after which place the subject ‘_I_’) among
the dying I shall (+soll+) not experience (+durchle´ben+) a dreadful time
(App. § 18).
[8] any = all.
[9] +die Ihnen aus dieser Angelegenheit erwachsen mögen.+
[10] to — once = to do the (= your) utmost _in your power_ (+sein
Äußerstes thun+) and to send us the same (to agree with relief) at once.
[11] +Luxusartikel+; to have by oneself = to possess.
[12] such = about as much.
[13] on — behalf = for my own person.
[14] supply = quantity.
[15] and — people = and thereby still to increase (+vergrößern+) the
great debt of (S. 3, N. 2) gratitude, to which I shall be in duty bound
to you (+einem verpflichtet sein+) after the timely (+rechtzeitig+)
arrival of the supplies (+Warensendung+).
[16] +Bis dahin empfehle ich mich Ihnen hochachtend und ergebenst.+
[17] +Kommandierender der.+
[18] +zur.+
[19] = Perhaps is my name unknown to you.
[20] I — that = that it is I, who.
[21] +auf´finden+, of which use the Perfect.
_Section 148._
ANSWER TO[1] THE PRECEDING LETTER.
English Factory, Boma, 6th August 1877, 6.30 A.M.
H. M. Stanley, Esq.
Dear Sir,
Your welcome letter came[2] to hand yesterday, _at_ 7 P.M. As[3] soon
as its contents were understood, we arranged to despatch to you such
articles as you requested, as much as our stock on hand would permit,
and other things that we deemed would be suitable in that locality. You
will see _that_ we send fifty pieces _of_ cloth, each twenty-four yards
long, and some sacks containing sundries for yourself; several[4] sacks
_of_ rice, potatoes, a few bundles _of_ fish, a bundle _of_ tobacco, and
one demijohn[5] _of_ rum. The carriers are all paid, so that you need not
trouble yourself about them. That[6] is all we need say about business.
We are exceedingly sorry to hear that you have arrived there in such
(+so+) piteous[7] condition, but we send our warmest congratulations to
you, and hope that you will soon arrive in Boma. (This[8] place is called
Boma by us, though on the map it[9] is Embomma.) Again[10] hoping that
you will soon arrive, and that you are not suffering in health,
Believe[11] us to remain,
Your sincere friends,
HATTON & COOKSON.
(Signed) A. DA MOTTA VEIGA.
J. W. HARRISON.
[1] +auf+, with Acc.; A.M. +morgens+; P.M. +abends+.—This letter and the
accompanying supplies were received by Mr. Stanley in the morning of the
6th of August, two days after he despatched his letter to Boma. Messrs.
A. Da Motta Veiga and J. W. Harrison were the managers of a factory
belonging to Messrs. Hatton & Cookson of Liverpool.
[2] came to hand = we have ... received.
[3] As — locality = As soon as we had understood the contents of the same
(to agree with letter), we (App. § 14) made arrangements (+Anstalten
treffen+) to send you the asked for (+erbeten+) articles, as far as (+so
weit+) our stock (+Warenlager+, n., or +Warenvorrat+, m.) would permit
us (S. 51, N. 13), and add (supply _noch_) some other things of which we
thought they might (= could) be useful to you there.
[4] several, a few = some.
[5] _eine große Korbflasche._
[6] _Weiter haben wir nichts Geschäftliches zu sagen._
[7] _traurig._
[8] Say ‘We call this place (_Ort_, m.) B’.
[9] Say ‘it is called’.
[10] Say ‘Again (_noch einmal_) expressing (S. 111, N. 6), the hope’.
[11] _zeichnen wir in aufrichtiger Freundschaft ergebenst._
_Section 149._
MR. STANLEY’S ACKNOWLEDGMENT[1] OF THE PRECEDING LETTER AND THE SUPPLIES.
I.
Banza M’Buko, August 6, 1877.
Messrs. A. Da Motta Veiga and J. W. Harrison, Embomma, Congo River.
Gentlemen,
I (S. 115, N. 1) have received your welcome letter, but better _than
all_, and[2] more welcome, are your supplies. I am unable to express
_just_ at present how grateful I feel. At the sight of (+von+) the stores
exposed[3] to our hungry eyes—at the sight of (+von+) the rice, the
fish, _and_ the rum, and[4] for me—wheaten bread, butter, sardines, jam,
peaches, grapes, beer (ye[5] gods! just think of it—three bottles pale
ale[6]!), besides tea and sugar, we (App. § 14) are all so over-joyed
and confused that we cannot restrain[7] ourselves from falling to and[8]
enjoying this sudden bounteous store. I beg you will charge[9] our
apparent want of (+an+) thankfulness to our greediness. If we do not
thank you sufficiently in words, rest assured we[10] feel what volumes
could not describe.
For the next twenty-four hours we shall be too busy eating and drinking
to think of anything else much; but I may say that the people[11] will
cry out joyfully, while[12] their mouths are full of rice and fish:
“Verily, our master has found the sea and his brothers, but we did not
believe him until[13] he showed us the rice and the pambe (rum). We did
not believe there[14] was any end to the great river; but God be praised
for ever, for we shall see white people[15] to-morrow, and our wars[16]
and troubles will be over!”[17]
[1] +Anzeige von dem Empfange+; ‘supplies’, here +Warensendung+, f.
[2] Insert the adverb +noch+ here.
[3] It was exposed to my eyes, +es war vor meinen Augen ausgebreitet+;
‘hungry’, here +gierig+.
[4] +und — des für mich bestimmten Weißbrots+; the article, in the Gen.
case, must be repeated before each of the following nouns.
[5] ye — it = +o sehet, Ihr Götter+.
[6] +Weißbier.+
[7] +bezwingen+; from falling to, +zuzugreifen+.
[8] +und diese uns so schnell und großmütig zugesandten Vorräte zu
verzehren.+
[9] I beg you will charge this to his greediness, +ich bitte Sie, dies
seiner Eßbegierde zur Last legen zu wollen+.
[10] we — describe = we feel more than could (App. § 33, and S. 2, N. 1)
be described to you through (+durch+) volumes.
[11] +Leute.+
[12] Say ‘while their mouth is still filled with rice and fish’.
[13] +ehe.+
[14] Say ‘the great river had (see App. § 29) ever (+je+) an end’.
[15] +Menschen.+
[16] +Kämpfe und Beschwerden.+
[17] This letter, on the morning of the 7th of August, was despatched
to Boma, the caravan following slowly, and reaching Boma on the 9th
of August 1877, the 999th day from the date of their departure from
Zanzibar. The expedition then embarked on board a steamer at Boma, and,
on the 11th, descended the river Congo. After steaming northward from
the mouth of the Congo for a few hours, the vessel entered the fine bay
of Kabinda, on the southern shores of which the native town of that
name in the county of Nyoyo is situate. The Expedition, after a stay of
eight days at Kabinda, was kindly taken on board the Portuguese gunboat
‘Tamega’ to San Paulo de Loanda. Here they were treated with the utmost
hospitality by the Portuguese and the officers of the English navy, who
offered the Expedition a passage to Cape Town in H.M.S. ‘Industry’,
Commander R. C. Dyer. The Cape of Good Hope was reached on the 21st of
October. Here a telegram from the Lords of the British Admiralty was
received, authorising the Commodore Francis William Sullivan to prepare
H.M.S. ‘Industry’ for the reception of the Expedition and to convey them
to Zanzibar, the end of their journey. On the 6th of November H.M.S.
‘Industry’ was equipped and ready for her voyage to Zanzibar, which was
reached on the 20th of the same month. By this time the sick had, all but
one, recovered, and had improved so much in appearance that few persons
ignorant of what they had been, could have supposed that these were the
living skeletons that had reeled from sheer weakness through Boma.
_Section 150._
MR. STANLEY’S LETTER (continued).
II.
Dear Sirs,
Though[1] strangers, I feel we shall be great friends, and[2] I shall
always remember my feelings of gratefulness, when I first caught sight
of your supplies, and my poor, faithful, and brave people cried out:
“Master, we are saved!—food[3] is coming!” _The_ old and _the_ young—the
men, _the_ women, and _the_ children—lifted their wearied and worn-out[4]
frames[5], and began to chant _lustily_ an[6] extemporaneous song, in[7]
honour of the white people by (+an+) the great salt sea (the (S. 53, N.
9) Atlantic) who had listened to their prayers. I had[8] to rush to my
tent to hide the tears that would issue[9], despite all my attempts to
composure[10].
Gentlemen, that the blessing of God may attend your footsteps
whithersoever[11] you go, is the very earnest[12] prayer of
Yours faithfully,
H. M. STANLEY,
Commanding the Anglo-American Expedition.—
H. M. STANLEY, “THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT.”
[1] +obgleich wir uns noch fremd sind.+
[2] Say ‘and I shall never forget the feelings of gratefulness which I
experienced (+empfinden+, insep. comp. str. v.), when’, etc.
[3] Say ‘there come provisions’!
[4] +abgemagert.+
[5] +Körper+, m., which use in the Sing.
[6] +ein aus dem Stegreife entworfenes Lied+; to chant = to sing.
[7] in — people, +den Weißen ... zu Ehren+; the words +zu Ehren+ must be
placed at the end of the clause.
[8] Use the Imperfect of +müssen+.
[9] to issue = to break forth, +hervor´brechen+.
[10] to composure = to compose myself.
[11] The adverbial clause ‘whithersoever you go’ may be briefly rendered
by the adverb ‘+stets+’.
[12] earnest = sincere; faithfully, +ergeben+ (adject.).
_Section 151._
RETURNED[1] KINDNESS.
When (S. 4, N. 2) the country near[2] Albany was newly settled, a
starving Indian came to the inn at Lichfield and asked for a night’s
shelter and some supper, at[3] the same time confessing that, from[4]
failure in hunting, he had nothing[5] to pay. The hostess drove him away
with reproachful[6] epithets, and as the Indian was about (S. 6, N. 4)
scornfully to retire,—there being (S. 30, N. 4) no other inn for[7] many
a weary mile,—a[8] man, who was sitting by, directed the hostess to
supply[9] his wants, and promised to pay her. As[10] soon as the Indian’s
supper was ended, he thanked his benefactor, and said he would some day
return his kindness. Several years thereafter[11] the settler was taken
a prisoner by a hostile tribe, and carried off to (S. 72, N. 4) Canada.
His life was spared[12], but he was detained in[13] slavery. One[14] day,
however, an Indian came to him, and bade the captive follow him. The
Indian never told where they were going, nor[15] what was his object;
_but_ day after[16] day the captive followed his mysterious guide, till
one afternoon they came suddenly on[17] a beautiful expanse of cultivated
fields, with many houses _rising amongst them_. “Do you know that place?”
asked the Indian. “Ah, yes—it is Lichfield!” and whilst the astonished
exile[18] had not yet recovered from his surprise and (S. 10, N. 9)
amazement, the Indian exclaimed: “And I am the starving Indian, on whom,
at this _very_ place, you took[19] pity. And now that[20] I have repaid
you, I pray you go home!”—DR. DWIGHT.
[1] +vergelten+, insep. comp. str. v.
[2] +unweit+; newly, +eben+; ‘to settle’, here +kolonisieren+.
[3] at — confessing = on which occasion (+wobei+) he confessed.
[4] +wegen erfolgloser Jagd.+
[5] nothing to pay = no money for (+zu+, contracted with the dat. of the
def. art.) paying.
[6] reproachful epithets, +Scheltworte+.
[7] for — mile, +meilenweit in der Runde+.
[8] ‘a man’, here = a guest. The verb ‘directed’ (+heißen+, str. v.) must
be placed before the subject, since the subordinate clause precedes the
principal one.
[9] to supply a person’s wants, +für die Bedürfnisse eines Menschen
sorgen+.