altogether the[3] share of fortune from their own[4]. The epoch made[5]
by Charlemagne in the history of the world, the illustrious families
which[6] prided themselves in him as their progenitor, the[7] very
legends of romance, which are full of his fabulous exploits, have[8] cast
a lustre around his head, and testify[9] the greatness that has embodied
itself in his name. None[10], indeed, of Charlemagne’s wars can be
compared with the Saracenic victories of Charles Martel; but[11] that was
a contest for freedom, his for conquest; and[12] fame is more partial to
successful aggression than to patriotic resistance.
[1] Say ‘The character of Charles the Great (S. 53, N. 9)’. +~Karl der
Große~ König der Franken und später römischer Kaiser, wurde am 2. April
742, wahrscheinlich zu Aachen, geboren und war der Sohn ~Pipins des
Kleinen~ und der Enkel ~Karl Martells~, dessen Siege über die Sarazenen
in dieser Lektion erwähnt werden. Nach dem Tode seines königlichen Vaters
(768) trat er gemeinschaftlich mit seinem Bruder Karlmann die Regierung
an, ward aber schon im Jahre 771, durch den Tod seines Bruders und die
Ausschließung der Söhne desselben vom Throne, Alleinherrscher über alle
Franken, von den Pyrenäen bis zum Niederrhein und zum Meere, auch in
Deutschland über die Bayern, Thüringer und Alamannen. Durch zahlreiche
Kriege erweiterte er jedoch die Grenzen seines Reiches sehr bald, und
zwar nördlich bis zur Eider, südlich bis zum Ebro und nach Unteritalien,
und östlich bis zur Saale, dem Böhmerwalde und der Theiß, bis er im
Jahre 800 vom Papste Leo III. im St. Peters Dom zu Rom feierlich als
römischer Kaiser gekrönt wurde. Er starb am 28. Januar 814. In Karl dem
Großen, wie ihn die Geschichte mit Recht benannt hat, war der Begründer
der staatlichen Ordnung für die gesammte Germanenwelt erschienen. Seine
Lebensaufgabe, die ihm von Anfang an feststand, war, alle deutschen
Stämme in den ~einen~ fränkischen Reichsverband und in die ~eine~
christliche Kirche zusammenzufassen. Dem besten Teile nach ist sie ihm
gelungen, und so hat er der nachfolgenden Zeit, dem ganzen Mittelalter,
das Gepräge seines Geistes aufgedrückt. In niemand stellt sich die echt
deutsche Art der alten Zeit so herrlich dar, als in ihm. Als er die
Krone erhielt, zählte er erst 26 Jahre, stand also in der Kraft und
Blüte der Jugend. Er war von gewaltiger Körpergröße, eine Heldengestalt,
und von nicht minder gewaltiger Körperkraft, so daß er beim fröhlichen
Waidwerk den Kampf mit dem wilden Auerochsen in den Ardennenwäldern wie
ein Spiel aufnahm; überhaupt von jener Lust an Krieg und Gefahr, wie sie
den abenteuernden Heerkönigen der Völkerwanderung eigen gewesen war; in
den wichtigen Dingen der Welt von jener Härte und Rücksichtslosigkeit,
die noch keinem großen Manne gefehlt; und ebenso im kleinen Leben des
Hauses und des täglichen Verkehrs von jener Milde, Heiterkeit und
Frische des Gemütes, die so gerne Gefährten echter Größe sind. Alle
diese Eigenschaften hatte er mit seinem damaligen Volke gemein; was ihn
aber über dasselbe erhob, das war der weitschauende Geist, der dem alten
Römertum das Vorbild eines weltumfassenden Staates abgelernt hatte,
und der dies Muster ohne knechtische Nachahmung dem so ganz andern
germanischen Wesen anzupassen wußte. Und zwar ist dieser Geist, der sich
in ihm offenbarte, um so wundervoller, weil niemand nachweisen kann, wie
er sich gebildet, und wer ihn so gelehrt und erzogen hat. Aus dem Dunkel
seiner Zeit geht er, im eigenen Lichte leuchtend, auf.+
[2] +Beim Analysieren von Heldencharakteren.+
[3] the share (+Anteil+, m.) of fortune = of a happy (+günstig+) fate
(+Geschick+, n.).
[4] Supply ‘individuality’; altogether = quite.
[5] made, +geschaffen+; by, +von+. Use the attributive construction as
explained in S. 7, N. 3, _A_.
[6] Say ‘which called him with pride their progenitor’.
[7] Say ‘even the romantic legends’.
[8] Say ‘have crowned his head with glory (+Ruhm+, m.)’. =In elevated
diction ‘head’ is rendered by ‘+Haupt+’=, n.
[9] +bezeugen+.
[10] Say ‘It is indeed (+wohl+) true that none of Charles’s wars can be
compared to (+mit+) the victories of Charles Martel over the Saracens’.
[11] but — conquest = but these were contests for freedom
(+Freiheitskämpfe+), whilst his (to agree with ‘wars’) were contests for
conquest (+Eroberungskämpfe+).
[12] Say ‘and fame (S. 3, N. 2) has more partiality (+Vorliebe+, f.) for
successful aggression (+Angriff+, m.)’, etc.
_Section 128._
CHARACTER OF CHARLEMAGNE.
II.
As _a_ scholar[1], his acquisitions[2] were little superior[3] to those
of his unrespected son; and in[4] several points of view the glory of
Charlemagne might be[5] extenuated by an analytical dissection. But[6]
rejecting a mode of judging equally uncandid and fallacious, we shall
find that he possessed in everything that grandeur of[7] conception which
distinguishes extraordinary minds[8]. Like Alexander, he seemed born[9]
for universal innovation[10]; in a life restlessly active[11], we see him
reforming (S. 78, N. 14, _B_) the coinage[12], and establishing the legal
divisions of money[13]; gathering[14] about him the learned of every
country, founding schools _and_ collecting libraries; interfering[15],
but with the tone of a King, in religious controversies; aiming[16],
though prematurely, at the formation of a naval force; attempting[17],
for[18] the sake of commerce, the magnificent[19] enterprise of uniting
(S. 1, N. 3) the Rhine and[20] Danube; and[21] meditating to mould
the[22] discordant codes of Roman and barbarian laws into one uniform
system.—HALLAM, “THE STUDENT’S MIDDLE AGES.”
[1] Scholar = ‘pupil or schoolboy’ is rendered by +Schüler+; = ‘student’
by +Student+, and = ‘learned man’ by +Gelehrter+. The last sense is
applicable here.
[2] acquisitions = knowledge.
[3] superior, +überlegen+, with dat. unrespected = unnoticed.
[4] in many respects, +in mancher Hinsicht+, after which place ‘might’.
[5] be — dissection, +durch eine eingehende Untersuchung geschmälert
werden.+
[6] Say ‘But if we reject an equally (+eine ebenso+) partial
(+parteiisch+) and (+als+) fallacious (+trügerisch+) mode of judging
(+Beurteilungsweise+, f.)’.
[7] Use the gen. of the def. art.
[8] ‘mind’, here +Geist+, m.
[9] born = created; ‘universal’, here +weitumfassend.+
[10] innovations = reforms.
[11] =All parts qualifying a noun must be placed before it.=
[12] +Münzsystem+, n.
[13] form a comp. n. according to S. 36, N. 7, _A_; both nouns are
combined in the sing.
[14] Complete the clause by saying: ‘we see him gathering’, etc.,—to
gather, +versammeln+; about, +um+; of every country = of all countries.
[15] interfering in religious controversies, +sich mit religiösen
Streitigkeiten befassen+; after which place the clause ‘but — King’, and
supply ‘always’ after ‘but’; ‘tone’, here = dignity.
[16] This sentence should likewise be introduced by supplying ‘We see
him’, after which place ‘though prematurely’ (+zu frühzeitig+); to aim,
+streben (nach)+.
[17] Begin this clause with ‘see him’.
[18] for the sake of, +um ... willen+, with Gen.
[19] attempt the magnificent enterprise, +den großartigen Versuch machen.+
[20] and = with the.
[21] +und darauf sinnen.+
[22] the — laws, +die sich widersprechenden römischen und sonstigen
Gesetze+; uniform, +einheitlich+; to mould, +verschmelzen.+
_Section 129._
GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.
I.
_Passing_ through an ante-chamber, where, in cupboards, stand
his mineralogical collections, we enter (App. § 14) the study, a
low-_roofed_, narrow room (+Gemach+, n.), somewhat dark (S. 128, N. 11),
for it is (S. 2, N. 1) lighted only through two tiny windows, and[1]
furnished with a simplicity quite touching to behold.
In the centre[2] stands a plain oval table of unpolished oak[3]. No
arm-chair is to be seen, no sofa, nothing which (S. 3, N. 7) speaks[4]
of comfort. A plain hard chair has[5] beside it the basket in which he
used[6] to place his handkerchief. Against[7] the wall, on the right, is
a[8] long pear-tree table, with book-shelves, on which stand lexicons
and manuals. Here hangs a pincushion, venerable in[9] dust, with the
visiting-cards, and other trifles which[10] death had made sacred.
Here[11] also a medallion of Napoleon, with this[12] circumscription:
“Scilicet[13] immenso superest ex nomine multum.” On the side-wall again,
a book-case, with some works of poets. On the wall to the left is a long
desk of soft wood, at[14] which he was wont[6] to write. A sheet of
paper with notes of[15] contemporary history is fastened near[16] the
door, and behind[17] this door tables[18] of music and geology.
[1] and — behold = and is (+ist+) furnished with an almost (+fast+)
touching simplicity.
[2] middle.
[3] +Eichenholz+, n.; the oak = _oak-tree_, is rendered by +Eiche+, f.,
or +Eichbaum+, m.
[4] speaks = points to; to point to a thing, +auf etwas deuten+.
[5] has beside it = stands beside.
[6] used to place, +zu legen pflegte+. ‘=To use=’, when employed
_transitively_, is generally rendered by +brauchen+, +gebrauchen+,
+benutzen+, +an´wenden+, and +verbrauchen+, whilst _intransitively_
it is rendered by +pflegen+ or +gewohnt sein+, in the sense of ‘to be
accustomed to’, ‘to be in the habit of’, ‘to be wont to do’.
[7] Against = on; on (_or_ to) the right, +rechts+; on (_or_ to) the
left, +links+.
[8] +ein langer Tisch von Birnbaumholz.+
[9] in dust = through its age.
[10] which — sacred, +die durch den Tod geheiligt sind+.
[11] Insert ‘is’ or ‘hangs’.
[12] this = the.
[13] Scilicet — multum, Little honour is derived from a great name.
[14] at, +an+.
[15] +über die+ (or +aus der+) +Tagesgeschichte+.
[16] +in der Nähe der Thür+; to fasten, +an´heften.+
[17] +an+; supply ‘hang’ after ‘door’.
[18] +musikalische und geologische Tabellen.+
_Section 130._
GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.
II.
The same door leads into a bedroom; it is a[1] closet with a window. A
simple bed, an arm-chair by[2] its side, and a tiny washing-table, with a
small white basin _on it_ and a sponge, is[3] all the furniture.
From the other side of the study we enter the library, which should[4]
rather be called a lumber-room of books. Rough[5] deal shelves hold
the books with[6] bits of paper, on which are written “philosophy,”
“history,” “poetry,” etc., to mark the classification. He rose at seven
[o’clock], sometimes[7] earlier, after a sound _and_ prolonged[8] sleep;
for like Thorwaldsen[9] he had a “talent for sleeping,” only surpassed
(S. 7, N. 3, _B_) by[10] his talent for[11] continuous work. Till eleven
he worked without _any_ interruption. A cup of chocolate was then[12]
brought, and[13] he resumed work till one. At two he dined. This[14] meal
was the important meal of the day. His appetite was immense. Even on
_the_ days when[15] he complained of not being hungry, he ate much more
than most men. Puddings, sweets[16], and cakes were always welcome. He
sat[17] a long while over his wine, chatting[18] gaily to some friend or
other—for he never dined alone—or to one of the actors, whom he had often
with[19] him, after dinner, to read over their parts, and to take[20] his
instructions.
[1] +ein kleines Kabinett.+
[2] by its side = before it, +davor+.
[3] is — furniture = form (+bilden+) the whole furniture (+Mobiliar+, n.).
[4] should rather be called = could (Impf. subj.) much rather
(+vielmehr+) be called. The auxiliary ‘could’ stands last of all, whilst
‘called’ has the first place of the three verbs, which are used in the
Passive Voice.
[5] Say ‘Upon simple (+schlicht+) deal boards stand the books’.
[6] The passage ‘with — classification’ may be simplified by saying: ‘on
(+an+) which (+denen+) bits of paper with the labels (+Aufschrift+, f.)
... indicate (+bezeichnen+) a certain order’. The abbreviation ‘etc.’
corresponds to the German ‘+u. s. w.+’, which is the short for ‘+und so
weiter+’, and so on.
[7] Insert +auch+ after ‘sometimes’.
[8] long.
[9] +~Albert Bertel Thorwaldsen~, berühmter dänischer Bildhauer, wurde im
Jahre 1770 auf der See zwischen Island und Kopenhagen geboren, war ein
Schüler der Kunstakademie zu Kopenhagen und lebte von 1796 bis 1838 in
Rom, kehrte aber dann nach seiner Heimat zurück, wo er am 24. März 1844
starb. Thorwaldsen ist der Schöpfer zahlreicher idealer Werke im echten
klassischen Geiste altgriechischer Kunst, welche meistens der antiken
Mythologie, zum Teil aber auch der christlichen Religionsanschauung
entlehnt sind. Sein Name wird unsterblich sein, denn er lebt der Welt
in seinen unvergleichlichen Werken fort, die zu Kopenhagen von seinen
begeisterten Landsleuten in einem besonders dazu gebauten Museum, welches
den Namen des weltberühmten Künstlers trägt, zur Bewunderung der Nachwelt
ausgestellt sind.+
[10] +durch.+
[11] +zur unausgesetzten Arbeit.+
[12] Place the adv. ‘then’ at the head of the sentence, and supply ‘for
him’ (+ihm+) after the auxiliary. =As a rule the person or persons for
whose benefit an action is done must be indicated in German=; as—I will
buy a hat, +ich will ~mir~ einen Hut kaufen+.
[13] and — one = whereupon he worked again till one o’clock.
[14] This — day = This was his principal meal. Form a comp. n. according
to S. 36, N. 7, _A_.
[15] when (+wo+) he complained of (+über+) want (+Mangel+, m.) of (+an+)
appetite.
[16] +Süßigkeiten.+
[17] To sit a long while over one’s wine, +lange beim Wein sitzen+.
[18] chatting = and chatted (+plaudern+); to some friend or other = to
(+mit+) this or that friend.
[19] +bei sich+; after — parts = to (= in order to) read to him their
parts (+Rollen+) after dinner (+nach Tische+, which place after the conj.
+um+ and the dat. of the persn. pron.). To read, +vor´lesen+.
[20] To take instructions, +Anweisungen entge´gennehmen+.
_Section 131._
GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.
III.
He was fond of wine (S. 3, N. 2) and drank daily his two or three
bottles. Lest[1] this statement should convey a false impression, I
hasten to[2] recall to the reader’s recollection the very different
habits of our fathers in respect to drinking. It was no[3] unusual
thing to be called “a three-bottle-man” in those days in England,
when[4] the three bottles were _of_ port or Burgundy; and Goethe, a[5]
Rhinelander, accustomed from boyhood to wine, drank a wine which his
English contemporaries would have called water. The[6] amount he drank
never did more than exhilarate him, and never made him unfit for work or
for society. Over[7] his wine, then, he sat some hours; no _such thing
as_ dessert was seen upon his table in those days; not even the customary
coffee after dinner. His mode[8] of living was extremely simple; and
even when persons[9] of very moderate circumstances burned wax[10],
two[11] poor tallow candles were all that could be seen in his rooms. In
the evening he often went to the theatre, and there[12] his _customary_
glass of punch was brought (S. 4, N. 4, +man+) at six o’clock (App. § 9).
If (S. 27, N. 7) not at the theatre, he received friends at[13] home.
Between eight and nine a frugal supper was laid[14], but[15] he never
took anything except a little salad or preserves. By[16] ten o’clock he
was usually in bed.—G. H. LEWES, “LIFE OF GOETHE.”
[1] Lest — impression = In order that (+Damit+) this observation may
(Present Subj. of +mögen+; read App. §§ 33 and 34) not make a false
impression.—For the position of the verbs see App. § 18.
[2] to — drinking = to remind the reader of (+an+) the very different
(+ganz andern+) habits of our fathers in respect of drinking.—To transl.
‘drinking’ form a noun of the infinitive of the verb ‘to drink’, and use
it with the def. art., according to S. 3, N. 2, and S. 11, N. 7.
[3] no — thing, +nichts Ungewöhnliches+; in those days, +damals+, which
place with ‘in England’ after ‘was’.
[4] ‘when’, here +wo+. Notice that: =The relative conjunction ‘+wo+’ is
often used in reference to time as a translation of ‘when’ in the sense
of ‘at= (=in= _or_ =during=) =which time’=; as—+Es geschah zu einer
Zeit, ~wo~+ (+zu+ or +in welcher+) +Sie abwesend waren+, it happened at
a time _when_ you were absent. =It is also used relatively, in reference
to place, instead of a relative pronoun preceded by a preposition=;
as—+Kennst du das Land, ~wo~ (in welchem) die Zitronen blühen?+ (Goethe)
Know you the land _where_ (in which) the citrons bloom? +Dies ist das
Haus, wo (in dem) er wohnt+, this is the house where (in which) he lives.
[5] a — wine, +als Rheinländer von Jugend auf an Wein gewöhnt+.
[6] The — him = What he drank had never any (= an) other effect than
(+als+) to exhilarate him; to exhilarate, +angenehm an´regen+.
[7] So he sat for hours (+stundenlang+) over his (+beim+) wine.
[8] +Lebensweise+, f.
[9] +Leute+; of = in.
[10] wax = wax candles.
[11] two — rooms = one saw in his rooms only two poor (+dürftig+) tallow
candles.
[12] +dahin+.
[13] +bei sich zu Hause+.
[14] to lay a frugal supper, +ein einfaches Abendessen auftragen+; to lay
the table (the cloth), +den Tisch decken+.
[15] Say ‘but he (himself) took (+essen+ or +genießen+, S. 3, N. 8.) only
a little salad or preserves’.
[16] +Um+.
_Section 132._
THE[1] PROGRESS IN THE ART OF PRINTING.
(Conclusion[2] of a speech delivered at the Caxton Celebration, June 30,
1877, in London.)
I now call[3] attention, in[4] a few words, to the progress of this
art. I hold _up_ a volume in my (S. 43, N. 9) hand, to[5] which I beg
everyone to direct his eye, because I think it[6] may be called the
climax and consummation of this art. This[7] volume is bound, as you see,
and stamped with the arms of the University _of_ Oxford. It is a Bible
bound[8] in a manner that commends itself to the reader—I believe[9]
in every sense an excellent piece of workmanship, containing more than
_one_[10] thousand pages. Well[11], you will say: “That is very[12]
commonplace, why bring it before us?” I do so[13] in order to tell[14]
you that this book sixteen hours ago did not exist—it[15] was not bound,
it was not folded, it was not printed. Since the clock struck twelve
last night at[16] the University Press in Oxford, the people (+man+)
there have printed and sent us this book. They (+man+) have sent several
copies[17] to[18] be distributed here in the midst of your festival. That
shows what can be done, and _that is_ what has been done, and[19] it
shows the state to which this great art is now happily arrived. If[20] I
began with a humiliating confession as to the small share we could claim
in contributing to the early history of printing, we may[21] leave off,
ladies and gentlemen, in a better spirit, because I think that such a
performance as this is[22] one that will be admitted to be a credit in
any portion of the world. Now I will trouble you no longer, but (S. 6,
N. 10) will ask[23] you to[24] drink with me to the memory of this most
distinguished name: “To[25] the memory of[26] William Caxton, the (S.
53, N. 9) first English printer, and a native[27] of _this_ our beloved
country[28].”—THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.
[1] +Die Fortschritte in der Buchdruckerkunst.+ =The noun ‘progress’ is
generally rendered by the corresponding plural form in German.=
[2] +Schluß einer am 30. Juni 1877 bei Gelegenheit der Caxtonfeier in
London gehaltenen Rede. ~William Caxton~, der erste Buchdrucker Englands,
wurde im Jahre 1412 zu Weald m Kent geboren, wohnte aber später als
Bürger und Kaufmann in London, woselbst er auch im Jahre 1492 starb.+
[3] to call a person’s attention to a thing, +einen auf etwas aufmerksam
machen+. Begin with the adv. ‘now’, and supply the personal object
‘+Sie+’.
[4] in a = with; of = in.
[5] = which I beg you all to look at (+betrachten+, v. tr.).
[6] it — art = we may (+dürfen+) consider (+an´sehen+) it the climax and
consummation (+als die höchste Stufe der Vollendung+) of (= in) this art.
[7] Say ‘As you see, this volume (here +Einband+) is stamped with the
arms’, etc.
[8] bound — reader = the binding of which must commend (App. § 18) itself
at once (+sich von selbst+) to the reader.
[9] Here insert ‘it is’; sense = respect, +Beziehung+, f.; piece of
workmanship = ‘work of art’, which render by forming a comp. n. according
to S. 36, N. 7, _A_.
[10] =’One’ or ‘a’ before ‘hundred’ and ‘thousand’ is, as a rule, not
translated in German.=
[11] Say ‘But (which place after the copula ‘will’) you will perhaps say’.
[12] +etwas ganz Gewöhnliches, wozu es uns noch zeigen?+
[13] =The English ‘so’ in connection with a transitive verb is generally
to be rendered by ‘+es+’. If we want to emphasize the object, however, we
use either of the demonstrative pronouns ‘+das+’ or ‘+dies+’, and place
it at the head of the clause=; as—Do you think _so_? +Glauben Sie ~es~?+
No, I do not, +Nein, ~das~ glaube ich nicht+.
[14] +sagen+ or +mit´teilen+.
[15] Say ‘it was neither bound, nor ... nor ...’
[16] Render ‘at the’ by the gen. of the def. art.; and place the clause
‘at — Oxford’ after ‘clock’. Last night, +vergangene Nacht+.
[17] ‘=Copy=’ in the signification of ‘specimen’ is rendered by
+=Exemplar=+, n.; pl. +e+ (= +e+); +=Kopie=+, f., is the written copy of
any book, document or MS.
[18] Say ‘in order to distribute them here during this festival’.
[19] and — arrived = and it shows the high degree (+Stufe+, f.)
of (+der+) perfection which this great art has reached now-a-days
(+heutzutage+) (App. § 17).
[20] If — printing = If I began with the humiliating confession that we
in respect to (+auf+) our contribution to the (+zur+) early (+früheren+)
history of the art of printing can claim (+beanspruchen dürfen+, which
comes last) only a small (+gering+) share.
[21] may = can; leave off = conclude; spirit = mood, +Stimmung+, f.;
performance, +Leistung+, f.
[22] is — world, +überall in der Welt mit Ehren anerkannt werden wird+.
[23] ‘=To ask=’ in the signification of ‘asking a question’ is rendered
by +=fragen=+ or +=eine Frage stellen=+, but in that of ‘=to request=’ by
+=bitten=+.
[24] to — name = to empty your glasses with me to the (+zum+) memory
(+Andenken+) of (+an+) this most (+höchst+) distinguished name; (‘your
glasses to empty’ must be placed at the end.)
[25] +Zum Gedächtnis.+
[26] Use the Anglo-Saxon genitive here.
[27] native = son.
[28] country = fatherland.
_Section 133._
ROBERT DICK, THE BAKER, GEOLOGIST, AND BOTANIST.
Not long ago, Sir Roderick Murchinson discovered at Thurso, in the far
north of Scotland, a profound[1] geologist, in the person of a baker
there[2], named Robert Dick. When (S. 4, N. 2) Sir Roderick called upon
him at[3] the bakehouse in which (S. 131, N. 4) he baked and earned his
bread, Robert Dick delineated[4] _to him_ by[5] means of flour upon a
board, the geographical features[6] and geological phenomena of his
native country, pointing[7] out its imperfections in[8] the existing
maps, which[9] he had ascertained by travelling over the country in his
leisure hours. On[10] further inquiry, Sir Roderick ascertained[11]
that the humble[12] individual before him was not only a capital baker
and geologist, but also a first-rate[13] botanist. “I found,” said the
Director-General of the Geographical Society, “to my great humiliation,
that this baker[14] knew infinitely more of (S. 40, N. 9) botanical
science, ay, ten times more, than I _did_; and that there were (S. 82,
N. 7) only some twenty or thirty specimens[15] of flowers which he had
not collected. Some he had obtained[16] as presents, some (= others) he
had purchased, but the greater portion had been accumulated[17] by his
industry, in his native county _of_ Caithness; and the specimens[18] were
all arranged[19] in the most beautiful order, with[20] their scientific
names affixed.”—S. SMILES, “SELF-HELP.”
[1] +gründlich.+
[2] +dortig+, which use attributively before the noun ‘baker’; named,
+namens+.
[3] +in+.
[4] +entwerfen+, insep. comp. str. v.
[5] +mittels eines mit Mehl bestreuten Brettes.+
[6] +Umrisse.+
[7] Say ‘whereby he pointed out the imperfections’. To point out a thing,
+auf etwas verweisen+, insep. comp. str. v.
[8] Use the gen. of the def. art.
[9] which — hours = of which (+wovon+) he had convinced himself
on (+auf+) his travels through the country in his leisure hours
(+Mußestunden+).
[10] +Nach weiterer Prüfung.+
[11] ascertained = learnt, +erfuhr+, from +erfahren+.