Bentham, Jeremy, pioneer in abolition of legal abuses, 3
principle of greatest happiness, 223
Berardi, Cardinal, influence of, on Doellinger, 387
proposed announcement of discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council
set aside, 518
Bergier, 573
Berlin, 378
Bernard, Brother, 564
Bernays, 432
Besold, followers of Machiavelli denounced by, 225
Beust, Count, on Vatican Council, 503;
indifference to, 509
Beza, Theodore, death of Servetus approved by, 185
defence of Calvin, 183
on the Huguenot massacres, on toleration, and on the civil authority
over religious crime, 146
on religious assassination, 326
Beziers, siege of, 567
Bianchi, recommended by Doellinger, 387
Bible, inspiration of, 513-15
as sole guide in all things, Luther's principle, 154, 158, 159, 161
Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, how dealt with by Luther, and why, 160
Bilio, Cardinal, junior president of Vatican Council, 534
Biner, apologist of the St. Bartholomew, 148
Biran, Maine de, _cited_ on political expediency, 220
Bishops, the, address to Pius, in preparation for Vatican Council, 494, 499
attitude of, towards Bull _Multiplices inter_, 520-25
and the Papacy, 511
protesting, charge of sharing Doellinger's views, repudiated by, 538
deception of, at Vatican Council, 518-526
hostility of, harm done by, 531
withdrawal of, from close of Vatican Council, 549
Bismarck, Count, on State participation in Vatican Council, 506
Bizarri, policy of, on Vatican Council, 534
Blanc, Louis, a secret worker for overthrow of Louis Philippe, 92
Blasphemy, reasons for its punishment by the Reformers, 169, 175
Blois, French court at, 112;
Coligny at, 1571., 115
Blondel, Doellinger's gratitude to, 393
Blue Laws of Connecticut, 55
Boccaccio, Giovanni, revision of the _Decamerone_, 215
Boccapaduli, Papal secretary, speech of, on the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 136
Bodin, _cited_ on _Il Principe_, 218
Bohemia, religious future of, in relation to the case of Hus, 571
Bolingbroke, Lord, slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218
Bologna, University of, 556
Bona, Cardinal, urged suppression of _Liber Diurnus_, 516
Bonald, and absolute monarchy, 467
and Lamennais's theory, 593
ultramontanism of, 451
Bonelli, Michiel, _see_ Alessandria, Cardinal of
Boniface VIII., Pope, Bull of, on supreme spiritual power, 324;
vindications of, inspired by Doellinger, 391
Bonnechose, Cardinal, share of, in elections to Commission of
Dogma, 529, 532
urged French representation on Vatican Council, 504
Bordeaux, the Huguenot massacres of, 127
Boretius, _cited_ on Frederick the Great and Machiavelli, 229
Borghese, Cardinal, afterwards Paul V., Pope, his knowledge of the
planned character of St. Bartholomew, 114
Borgia, compiler of history, 387
family, models for Machiavelli, 212
Francis, S.J., 113
Borromeo, Cardinal, 108 _& notes_, 108-9
Bossuet, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47, 429, 434
_Defensio_ feared, 378
indignation of, 148
and the idea of development, 591, 592, 593, 595
on love of country, 20 _& note_
work of, compared to Doellinger, 424
Boucher, 45;
on Henry III. of France and reliance on maxims of _Il Principe_, 215
Bourbon, Cardinal of, unguarded speech of, on coming Huguenot massacre, 111
Etienne de, inquisitor, works of, 558-9
House of, French and Spanish, contests of the Habsburgs with, 275
House of, upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47
Bourges, massacre of Huguenots commanded at, by Charles IX. La Chastre's
refusal to obey, 115
Boys, Du, defender of the Inquisition, 573
Brandenburg, Albrecht, Margrave of, and the Anabaptists, 157, _& see_
156 _note_
Brantome on the death of Elizabeth of Valois, 104
Brescia, Bishop of, _see_ Guala
city, centre of historical work, 387
Brewer, intercourse with Doellinger, 402
Brief of Pius IX. to Archbishop of Munich, and attitude of _Home and
Foreign Review_ to supreme authority of the Church, 482-491
Brill, the, Dutch maritime victory, its importance, 103
British empire, why substantially one of the most perfect states, 298
Brittany, and the Huguenot massacres, 119
Brixen, Bishop of, on Papal authority, 543
Brosch, on Cardinal Pole and _Il Principe_, 214
Brougham, Lord, advice to students, 393
Bruce, house of, struggle with house of Plantagenet, 35
Bruno, 430
Bryce, James, _The American Commonwealth_, review, 575
Bucer, Martin, in favour of persecution, 172-73
Buch, De, 430
Buchanan, 44, 45
Buckeridge, Blondel, Doellinger's Roman antidote to, 387
Buckle, H.T., 589, 590
Bugge, discoveries of, 405
Bull, censure of the Reformation of, 416
Bull of Boniface VIII., on supreme spiritual authority, 324
Bull of Gregory XIII. relating to the Huguenot massacres, 134-45 & _note_;
not admitted into official collections 101
Bull _Multiplices inter_, of Vatican Council, 520-22
_Bullarium Dominicanum_, the, referred to by Lea, 563
Bullinger, Heinrich, death of Servetus approved by, 185
_cited_ on persecution, 174-76
Burd, L.A., edition of Machiavelli's _Il Principe_, introduction to,
212-31;
skill as exponent of Machiavelli's political system, 212
text of the _Discorsi_ produced by, 227
Burgundy, refusal of its governors to massacre Huguenots, 118
Burke, Edmund, 580;
Doellinger's political model, 393, 417
French Revolution denounced by, 219
on the moral and political as distinct from the merely geographical, 294
on the partition of Poland, 275
on revolution, 587
_cited_ on political oppression in Ireland, 253, _note_
on the rights of mankind, 56
Burning of heretics, Lea's view on, 568
Byzantine despotism, due to combined influence of Church and State, 33
Bzovius, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Cadiz Constitution, 1812., 89;
its overthrow the triumph of the restored monarchy of France, 89
Caesarius of Heisterbach, authority of, distrusts by Lea, 567
Calhoun, J.C., indictment against democracy, 93
Calvin, John, 176, 585
action of, with regard to Servetus, 184;
and his defence of the same, 181
attitude of, to the civil power, 179-81
hostility to, of Lutherans, 145
republican views of, 42, 43
system of Church government, 177-79
Calvinism in Germany, 345
Calvinists, English, tolerated by Melanchthon, 170 & _note_
Camden, Lord, _cited_ in disfavour of American taxation, 55
Campanella, ideal society of, 270
Campeggio, Cardinal, commentary of, on Zanchini, 559
Canello, _cited_ on Machiavelli's unpopularity, 226
Canning, G., on the question as to who reigned, George III. or his
ministers, 583;
his wisdom, 40
Capalti, Cardinal, junior President of Vatican Council, 534
Capecelatro, 412
Capilupi, Camillo, author of _Lo Stratagemma di Carlo IX._, 129;
its bearing on the position of the Cardinal of Lorraine, 130;
and others, on Alessandria's information as to forthcoming massacre
of Huguenots, 114
family, glorification by, of Charles IX. for the St. Bartholomew,
128 _et seq._
Hippolyto, Bishop of Fano, support given by, to Charles IX., 128-9
Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, reformer, 172, 174
Capponi, friend of Doellinger, 420
as federalist, 414
Doellinger's study of, 402
Capuchins, General of, and the Inquisition, 553
Carbonari, supporters of, 284;
their impotence, 286
Carcassonne, no Huguenot massacres at, 142
Cardinal Wiseman, 436
Cardinals, approval by, of the St. Bartholomew, 140
opposition of, to Vatican Council, 493
French, and absolute monarchy, 41
Carena, "_De Officio S.S. Inquisitionis_," valuable matter in, on the
Inquisition, 560
Carius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215
Carlstadt, Andreas, polygamy defended by, 159
Carlyle, Thomas, on truth as basis of success, 223
Carneades, his infusion of Greek ideas into minds of Roman statesmen, 16
Carouge, and the Rouen massacre of Huguenots, 119
Caspari, at Doellinger's house, 405
Castagna, Papal Nuncio, 117
Catechism of St. Sulpice, Lea's deductions from, 571
Catherine de' Medici, Queen-Mother of France, advisers urging, to destroy
Coligny and his party, 108-9 & _notes_
challenge of, to Queen Elizabeth, 122
children of, trained on Machiavelli's principles, 215
hints of the intended massacre, 110, 111, 113-14
jealous for her merit in the St. Bartholomew, 130
levity of her religious feelings, 122
long premeditation by, of the massacre, 115
methods of, to balance Catholic and Huguenot power, 103
wrath of, at Gregory's demand for revocation of the edict of
Toleration, 137
on the death of her daughter, Queen of Spain, 104 & _note_
_cited_, 580-81
Catholic attitude to Huguenot massacres, 146-8;
change in, how induced, 148
Church, _see_ Church
countries, revolution more frequent in, than in Protestant, and why, 278
Emancipation Act, spiritual fruits of, gathered by Wiseman, 437
legitimists and democracy, link between, 590
literature, phases of, last hundred years as to principles in politics
and science, 450-51
theory on the proper way to deal with heretics, discredit caused by,
140-41
use of subterfuge, 454
Catholic and Protestant intolerance, difference between, 165, 168-70,
186-7
Catholicism, in the Dark Ages, 200
ground lost by, since the Middle Ages, 593
holiness of, hated by its enemies, 437
identification of, with some secular cause an Ultramontane
peculiarity, 451
liberal, supposed founder of, 588
spreads as an institution as well as a doctrine, 246
tendency of, 189
Catholics, English, peculiarities of their position, 438;
unity aimed at by them, _ib._
treatment of, by the Reformers, 157, 162, 163, 168, 174, 178-9
Cavalli, Venetian ambassador, on the bad management of the St.
Bartholomew, 109
Celts, Gallic and British, why conquered, 241
the materials less than the impulse of history supplied by, 240
Champel, half-burned book from, 569
_Chanson de la Croisade_, 565
Character, national, influence of, on events, limits of, 557
Charlemagne, 409
Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, revolution under, 285
Charles I., King of England, execution of, a triumph for Royalism, 51
Charles II., King of England, secret treaty between him and Louis XIV., 53
Charles V., Emperor, records of reign of, 409
Charles IX., King of France, active conciliation by, of Protestants, 105
alliances made by, with Protestant rulers, 105
attempts of, to appease Protestant powers after the massacre, 120
blamed for "leniency," "cruel clemency," etc., in the massacre,
126, 141, 143
Cardinal Lorraine's eulogy of, for the massacre, 112
civil war resulting from persecutions during his minority, 103
date when Catherine suggested the massacre to him, 115
desirous of thwarting Spain, his measures to that end, 104, 105
effect on his attitude to Rome of his success in crushing Huguenots, 137
explanations offered by, various, on the massacre, 118
hints dropped by, of the coming massacre, 111
letters of, to Rome, fate of, 101
letter from, to the Pope, announcing the massacre, 132;
reasons alleged in, 133
massacre of Huguenot prisoners ordered by, 141
methods of, in the provincial massacres, 118 _et seq._
Naude's Apology for its basis, 147
negotiations of, for Anjou's marriage with Queen Elizabeth, 105
Nuncio on Charles IX., tenacity of his authority, 137
panegyric on, by Panigarola, 125
personal share of, in the massacre, approved by Mendoca, 124
praised for his conduct as to the massacre, 112, 125, 128-9, 136,
140, 147
suppression by, of materials for history of the massacre, 121 & _note_
threats of Pius V. to, 139
tracts on his danger from Coligny, and on his joy at the massacre, 131
on his plan for the massacre, 117
death of, Sorbin's account, 126-7
his wife and her parentage, 105
Charron, on subordination to universal reason, 46
Chastre, La, refuses to execute Charles IX.'s orders as to Huguenot
massacre at Bourges, 115
Chateaubriand, Marquis de, 464
liberalism of, discussed, 594
maxim of, on the timidity of the better sort of men, 582;
endorsed by Menou, _ib._
transcription by, of Salviati's despatches, 102
Chatham, Lord, against taxation of American colonists, 55
Chatillon, House of, feud of, with the Guises, 112
Chemnitz, Lutheran divine, on Calvinists, 145
Cherbuliez, the elder, on the power of abstract ideas, 585
Cheverus, 402
Chinese, stationary national character of, 241
Christ, His divine sanction the true definition of the authority of
government, 29
Christian states, constitution of the Church as model for, 192
Christianity, appeal to barbarian rulers, 33
considered as force, not doctrine, by Doellinger, 383-7
in the Dark Ages, 200
as history, Doellinger's view of, 380
how employed by Constantine, 30, 31
influence of, on the human race, 200;
and on popular government, 79
primitive, penetration of influence over State gradual, 27
progress of, must be supplemented by secular power, 246, 247
teaching of Stoics nearest approach to that of, 24, 25
universality of, influence of nations on, 317-21
why Romans opposed establishment of, 195, 198
freedom in, appeal of Christianity to rulers, 33
effects on, of Teutonic invasion, 32
influence on, of feudalism, 35
political influence of the Reformation on, 43
supplying faculty of self-government in classical era, 31
political advances of Middle Ages due to, 39
rise of Guelphs and Ghibellines as affecting, 36
rise and progress of absolute monarchy as affecting, 41, 47, 48
rise of religious liberty and toleration as resulting from, 52, 53
rise and progress of political liberty due to, 56, 57, 58
sovereignty of people in Middle Ages acknowledged in consequence of, 35
Christina, Queen, of Sweden, on truth, 316
_Chronicle, The_, Acton's leaders in, ix
Chrysippus, views of, 73
Church, the, _see also_ Catholicism, Papacy, Popes, _and_ Rome attitude
of, to isolation of nations, 292
attitude of, to Wycliffe, Hus, and Luther, 271;
difference in their attitude to her, _ib._
both accepting and preparing the individual to receive, 450;
how she performs this, _ib._
censure of, ineffectual against Machiavelli's political doctrines, 218
condemnation of Frohschammer's book, and excommunication, 477
and the development of Machiavelli's policy, 225
difficulties of, how nourished, 455
Doellinger's vindication of, 404
effect on, of growth of feudalism, 245
fables of, Doellinger's investigation of, in _Papstfabeln des
Mittelalters_, 418-21
free action of, test of free constitution of State, 246
Goldwin Smith's unfair estimate of, 234
in Ireland, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259
great work (salvation of souls) and its subsidiaries, 448-9
hostility to, roused by conflicts with science and literature, 461-91
indebted to the barbarians for corporate position, 244
manifestation of, how seen, 269
minority in, in agreement with Doellinger, 313
not justified in resisting political law or scientific truth on
grounds of peril in either to the faith, 449 _et seq._
not openly attacked, eighteenth century, 273-4
her peculiar mission to act as channel of grace not her sole
mission, 448-9
political thoughts on, 188;
authority, supreme, the Church as, 192;
Catholicism in the "Dark Ages," 200;
Christianity, influence of, on human race, 200;
divine order in the world, establishment of, 189;
English race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204;
liberty, influence of Christianity on, 203;
religion, true, definition of, 197;
Romans, persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198
position of, in State, regulation difficult, 252
struggle of feudalism with, 35
tolerance of, in early days, 186
view of, on government, 260
Church discipline, Bucer's system of, 172-3
government, under control in the modern State, 151
Church of England, internal condition of, 437-8
establishment, English and Irish, difference between, 259
Church and State Teutonic, quarrel between, cause of revival of
democracy, 80
relations of, 150-52, 162, 163-4
union of, creating Byzantine despotism, 33;
effect of, on paganism, 33
views on, of Anabaptists, 171-2;
Bucer, 172-3;
Calvin, 177 _et seq._;
Luther, 154, 156, 157-8, 159, 161-4, 180;
Melanchthon, 164 _et seq._;
OEcolampadius, 176-7;
Zwingli, 173-4;
Reformers in general, 181
Cicero, 409
Cienfuegos, Cardinal and Jesuit, view of, on Charles IX., 148
_Circumspice_, as motto for the Catholic Church, 269
Citeaux, 567
Citizenship in Athens, 68
"City of the Sun," an ideal society described by, 270
Civil authority over religious crime (_see also_ Passive obedience),
Beza's view, 146
liberty, point of unison of, with religious liberty, 151;
its two worst enemies, 300
War of America, consolidating effects of, on the Constitution, 579
society, its aim and end, 298
Civilisation, despotism in relation to, 5, 6, 27
liberty the product of, 596
mature, liberty the fruit of, 1
social, unconnected with political civilisation, 243
in Western Europe retarded by five centuries owing to Teutonic invasion
and domination, 32, 33
_Civilta Cattolica_, organ of Pius IX., 497
Classical literature, subjects not found in, 25, 26
Clay, H., despondency of, as to American institutions, 579
Clement IV., Pope, directions of, for Inquisitors, 560
Clement V., Pope, decree of, on privilege of Inquisitors, deductions
on, of Lea, 566
share of, in the trial of the Templars, 563
_cited_ on political honesty, 214
publication of _Il Principe_ authorised by, 214
Clement VIII., Pope (Aldobrandini), testimony of, on premeditation of
the St Bartholomew, 114-15 & _notes_
Clergy, immunities of, 34;
unpopular in Italy, 363
upholders of absolute monarchy, 41
Clifford, Lord, acquaintance of, with Doellinger, 388
Colbert, admirers of, in accord with Helvetius, 220
Coleridge, S.T., metaphysics of, Doellinger's love for, 381
Coligny, Admiral de, 105;
death of, origin and motives of, discussed, 101 _et seq._, 117-18;
the story of, 106, 111 _et seq._, 118;
the question of its premeditation discussed, 106-7 _et seq._
alleged plot to kill Charles IX., 131, 135, 136
murderer of, 124;
reward of, from Philip II., 123,
and presented to the Pope, 144 & _note_;
nationality (alleged) of, 124
Colocza, Archbishop of, head of Council of Bishops, 1867., 499
Cologne, Archbishop of, loose reading of terms of the legal reform
of Index, 531
Cologne, Synod at, and infallibility, 499
Commines, Philip de, on levying of taxes, 39
_Commonwealth, The American_, by James Bryce, review, 575
Commonwealths, founders of, 70
Communism, a subversive theory, proclaimed by Baboeuf, 273;
theory of its antiquity due to Critias, 17
Comte, Auguste, historic treatment of philosophy, 380
Concordat, Austrian, failure of, 292
Confederacy essential to a great democracy, 277
Confederate scheme of American government, 577
Conference of Bayonne, resolutions inimical to Huguenots taken
at, 108-9 & _notes_
Confession of Anjou, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107
Confession of Augsburg, apology of, on excommunication, 158
importance of, recognised by Luther, 159
Conflicts with Rome, 461-91
Connecticut, Blue Laws of, 55
Conrad, Master (of Marburg), principles inspiring, 556;
as confessor of St. Elizabeth, 570
Conscience, freedom of, a postulate of religious revolution, 153
in politics, expedient elasticity of, 212-14
_Conservateur_, the, 594
Conservatism, indirect elections not always a safeguard of, 2;
restriction of suffrage in relation to, 96
Conservatism of American revolutionists, 580
European, 583
Constance, Council of, support of, to the Inquisition, 570
_Constantine, donation of_, 469;
political Christianity of, 30, 31
Constantinople, seat of Roman Empire transferred to, 30
Patriarchs of, _see_ Eutychius
Constitution, American, consolidated by the Civil War, 579
despondency of its founders as to, 579
Hamilton's views on, 581-3
not understood by Tocqueville, 576
Constitution of England, Sir E. May on, 62
Constitutions, evolution of, 58
growth of, nature of, 5
Periclean, characteristic of, 10
view of Guelph writers respecting, 36
how ancient, differ from modern, 19
mixed, difficulty of establishing and impossibility of maintaining, 20
Contarini, Gaspar, 214
Contarini, Venetian ambassador, on the expected change in France
(as to the Huguenots), 109
Conti, story of priests and the St. Bartholomew disproved, 126
Cooley, Judge, _cited_ by Bryce, on American liberty and government, 580
Copernican system, the, derided by Luther, 160
Corsica, 105
Cortes, Donoso, classed as ultramontane, 451
Council of Arles and the Count of Toulouse, 565
Council of Constance, support of, to the Inquisition, 570
Council of Trent, 111, 138;
Doellinger's investigations of, 431;
and tradition, 513
Council of Ten, Molino on, 213
Cournot, intellectual qualities of, 589
Cousin, Victor, 224, 588, 589
historic treatment of philosophy, 380
Cranmer, 430
Creuzer, 405
Critias, _cited_, 70
originator of notion of original communism of mankind, 17
Croker, _see_ Canning
Cromwell, Oliver, Constitutions of, short-lived, 50
study of, 410
Cromwell, Thomas, acquaintance of, with _Il Principe_, 214
death of, a joy of Melanchthon, 217
_Culturgeschichte_ of Hellwald, 573
Cumberland, expositor of Grotius, 46
Cusa, Cardinal of, on Christian doctrine, 514
Daniel, historian, 588
Dante, Doellinger's return to study of, 433
key to, where found, 574
views of, on conscience, 562
and Cecco d'Ascoli, on schism, 564
Danton, his action in the Reign of Terror, 266
Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility, 547
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522
Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy, 511
Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle, 223
Deak on Hungarian administration, 510
Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council, 531;
withdrawn, 535
Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians, 53
"De Haereticis," tract on toleration, 182
Delbrueck, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction, 385
Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea, 563, 564
Democracy (_see also_ Will of the People), alliance of, with despotism, 238
alliance of, with socialism baneful, 92, 93, 98
attitude to, of Aristotle, 71, 72
and Catholic Legitimists, link between, 590
curbing of, by ancient constitutions, 19
definition and tendencies of, 62
enlightened ideas of Lilburne on, 83
essence of, 7
federalism most effective check on, 98
in fourteenth century, 80
government by, danger of, 20
a great, in relation to self-government, 277
modern mistakes in true conception of, 93, 94
in Pennsylvania, 84
pervading evil of, 97
political writers against, 93
Presbyterianism and, 81, 82
present aim, 95
principles of, advocated by Pericles, 9
progress of, in Europe, 85
revival of, to what due, 80
ancient, partial solution of, by popular government, 79
Athenian, tyranny manifested by, 12
Swiss, 90
_Democracy in Europe_, by Sir Erskine May, 61
Democratic method of Socrates, 71
principle, triumph of, in France, results of, 287
Denifle, Father, 574
Denmark, religion in, Doellinger on, 340-31
Derby, Lord, cited, 189
Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries, 276
Despotism after peace of Westphalia, 325
alliance of democracy with, 238
emancipation of mankind from, to what due, 24, 25
overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation, 27
product of civilisation, 5, 6
_see also_ Absolutism
Development, _see also_ Progress
and its earlier supporters, 592
Flint on, topic discussed, 591, 592
Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform
Roman government into despotism of Eastern type, 30, 31
Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld, 128 & _note_;
price, assumed, for, ib.;
never granted, 131-2;
Charles IX.'s hope regarding, 133
Divine right of freeholders established by Revolution of 1688., 54
of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience, 47
of the people, 36, _see also_ Will of the People with respect to
election of monarch, 35
Divine order in the world, establishment of, 189
Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan
and mediaeval times, 251