_Chalivas_, on upper Changuina-Aula.
_Changuinas_, near Bugaba.
_Chumulus_, near Caldera.
_Dorasques_, on the Rio Puan.
_Gualacas_, near San Francisco de Dolega.
_Teluskies_, near Rio Puan.
The _Chocos_ were the first nation encountered in South America on
passing beyond the territory of the Cunas. They occupied the eastern
shore of the Gulf of Uraba, and much of the lower valley of the Atrato.
Thence they extended westerly across the Sierra to the Pacific coast,
which they probably occupied from the Gulf of San Miguel, in north
latitude 8°, where some of them still live under the name of Sambos,
down to the mouth of the San Juan River, about north latitude 4°, on
the affluents of which stream are the Tados and Noanamas, speaking
well-marked dialects of the tongue. To the east they reached the
valley of the Cauca, in the province of Antioquia. The Tucuras, at the
junction of the Sinu and the Rio Verde, are probably their easternmost
branch.[231]
Anthropologically, they resemble the Cunas, having brachycephalic skulls,
with large faces, but are rather taller and of darker color. Here the
resemblance ceases, for they are widely dissimilar in language, in
customs and in temperament. Instead of being warlike and quarrelsome,
they are mild and peaceable; they lived less in villages and communal
houses than in single isolated huts. Most of them are now Catholics and
cultivate the soil. They have little energy and live miserably. At the
time of the conquest they were a trafficking people, obtaining salt from
the saline springs and gold from the quartz lodes, which they exchanged
with the tribes of the interior. Some of them were skilful in working the
metal, and fine specimens of their products have been obtained from their
ancestral tombs.