(_From north to south._)
_Tlinkit_ or _Koloschan_, in southern Alaska.
_Haidah_ or _Skittagetan_, on Queen Charlotte Islands.
Dialects--Masset, Skidegate, etc.
_Tshimsian_ or _Chimmessyanian_, on Nass and Skeena rivers.
Dialects--Chimmessyan, Nasqua.
_Kwakiuootl_ or _Haeltzukian_, on Gardiner’s Channel.
Dialects--Heiltsuk, Kwakiutl, Quaisla.
_Nutka_ or _Wakashan_, on western coast of Vancouver Island.
Dialects--Aht, Nootka, Wakash.
_Chinook_ or _Chinookan_, Columbia river to Dalles; Pacific coast to
Shoalwater Bay; south to Tillamuk Head.
_Salish_, Admiralty Inlet to Spokane river.
Dialects--Bilcoola, Kawitschin, Lummi, Samie.
_Chimakuan_, Puget Sound, Port Townsend to Port Ludlow.
_Kutenay_ or _Kitunahan_, head-waters of Columbia.
_Sahaptin_ or _Sahaptanian_, middle affluents of Columbia.
Dialects--Klikatat, Nez Percé, Sahaptani, Wallawalla, Yakama.
_Wayilaptu_ or _Waiilaptuan_, near mouth of Wallawalla river.
_Yakonan_, coast of Oregon from Yaquina river to Umpqua river.
_Kalapooian_, on the Wilamette river.
_Kusan_, about Coos Bay.
_Palaihnihan_ or _Achomawi_, on Pit river.
_Takilman_, on upper Rogue river.
_Sastean_ or _Shasta_, on upper Klamath river.
_Lutuamian_ or _Modoc_, on Klamath Lake and Sprague river.
_Quoratean_ or _Ehnek_, on lower Klamath river to junction of Trinity
river.
_Yukian_, in Round Valley, California.
_Yanan_ or _Nozi_, Lassen Butte and Round Mountain.
_Pujunan_ or _Maidu_, east bank of Sacramento river.
_Kulanapan_ or _Pomo_, Russian river and adjacent coast.
_Copehan_ or _Wintun_, on Trinity river.
_Weitspekan_ or _Rurok_, lower Klamath river from Trinity river down.
_Chimarikan_, on New river and Trinity river.
_Wishoskan_, on Humboldt Bay.
_Mariposan_ or _Yokuts_, on Kings river and Tulare Lake.
_Moquelumnian_ or _Mutsun_, on Tuolumne river.
_Costanoan_, north of San Francisco Bay to Monterey Bay.
_Esselenian_, Monterey Bay to San Lucia Mts.
_Salinan_, about San Antonio and San Miguel missions. Includes the
Tatche or Telame.
_Chumashan_, at missions of San Buenaventura, Santa Barbara, Santa
Inez, Purissima and San Luis Obispo.