HARPER’S _alley_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
HARPER’S _walk_, Fore street, Lambeth.†
HARRIE’S _gun wharf_, Millbank.†
HARRISON’S _court_, Brook street.†
HARRIS’S _court_, Ratcliff Highway.†
HARRIS’S _rents_, Rosemary lane.†
HARROLD’S _court_, Coal yard.†
HARROW _alley_, 1. St. Catharine’s.* 2. Holborn.* 3. Mint street.* 4.
Old Gravel lane.* 5. Old street.* 6. Petticoat lane.* 7. Whitechapel.*
HARROW _corner_, 1. Bennet’s hill.* 2. Deadman’s place.* 3. Fleet lane.*
4. Long lane.*
HARROW _dunghil_, Mint street.*
HARROW _dunghil yard_, Old Horselydown.*
HARROW _yard_, Ropemakers fields.*
HARROW ON THE HILL, is situated in Middlesex, fifteen miles N. W. from
London, on the highest hill in the county, on the summit of which
stands the church, which has a very high spire. This parish is famous
for a free school founded by Mr. John Lyons in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth; and every 4th of August a select number of the scholars,
dressed in the habit of archers, come with their bows, and shoot at a
mark for a silver arrow.
HARTFORD, or HERTFORD, the county town of Hartfordshire, is situated on
the river Lea, twenty-three miles from London, and is a place of great
antiquity. It is said to have been of some note even in the time of
the ancient Britons; here the Saxon Kings frequently kept their
courts, and here King Alfred built a castle, by which he destroyed the
Danish vessels that passed from the Thames up the river Lea. The town
had its first charter granted by Queen Mary, by which it was made a
corporation, and King James I. granted it a new one. The town is
pleasantly situated in a dry and healthful vale, and built in the form
of a Y with a castle in the middle of the two horns. It is governed by
a High Steward, who is generally a nobleman, and by a Mayor, nine
Aldermen, a Recorder, a Town Clerk, a Chamberlain, ten capital
Burgesses, with sixteen Assistants, and two serjeants at mace. Here
were five churches, which are reduced to two. In that of St. Andrew’s
there is not only a seat for the Mayor and Aldermen, but another for
the Governors of Christ Church hospital in London, and a gallery, in
which 200 of the children of that hospital may be accommodated; for
the Governors have erected an handsome house in the town for such
children, as either wanted health, or are too young for that hospital.
Here is also a handsome free school, and three charity schools; but
tho’ the splendor of the town is much diminished, since the north road
from London was turned through Ware, yet the county jail is still kept
here, and the jail delivery in the castle. This town has the honour of
giving the title of Earl to the Duke of Somerset, and of sending two
members to parliament. The chief commodities of its market are wool,
wheat, and malt, and it is said to send 5000 quarters of malt weekly
to London by the river Lea.
Near this town is a seat of the late Governor Harrison, pleasantly
situated on a hill that commands a fine prospect of the country all
around; and its neighbourhood is a seat of the Clarks, which also
enjoys a delightful situation.
HARTINGFORDBURY, a village a little to the west of Hartford, near which
the Earl Cowper has a handsome seat, built by his father, the Lord
Chancellor of that name.
HART _alley_, Grub street, Fore street.*
HART _court_, Little Knightrider’s street.*
HART ROW _street_, without Newgate.*
HART _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. By Bow street, Covent Garden. 3.
Cripplegate. 4. Duke street. 5. Mark lane, Fenchurch street.
HARTSHORN _court_, 1. Golden lane. 2. Moor lane.
HARTSHORN _lane_, in the Strand, lately by Northumberland house, leading
down from the Strand to the water side; but it is now demolished, and
a handsome street building in its room, which, it is said, will be
called Northumberland street, from the present Earl of Northumberland
to whom it belongs.
HARVEY’S _court_, in the Strand.†
HARWAR’S _Almshouse_, in Kingsland road, was founded by Mr. Samuel
Harwar, citizen and draper, in the year 1713, for twelve single men
and women, six of whom are to be put in by the company of Drapers, and
the other six by the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch: each of whom
is allowed six shillings a month, and eighteen bushels of coals a
year.
HARWOOD’S _court_, 1. Wellclose square. 2. Well street.
HARWOOD’S _yard_, Holiwell street.*
HASS _park_, Wheeler street.
HASTEWOOD’S _court_, Blue Anchor alley.†
HASTING’S _court_, 1. Ratcliff Highway.† 2. Upper Shadwell.†
HAT AND MITRE _court_, St. John’s street.*
HATBANDMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King
Charles I. in the year 1638. They have a Master, two Wardens, and
twelve Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall.
This fraternity during the wear of rich hatbands, was in a flourishing
condition; but this part of dress having been many years out of
fashion, the trade of making hatbands is almost dwindled to nothing,
so that there are at present but two or three of the company who are
really hatbandmakers. _Maitland._
HATCHET _alley_, 1. Church lane, Whitechapel. 2. East Smithfield. 3.
Little Britain. 4. Little Tower hill.
HATE _street_, Greek street, Soho.
HATFIELD, a town in Hertfordshire, twenty miles from London, was called
Bishops-Hatfield, from its belonging to the Bishops of Ely. Here
Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury held a synod, against the Eutychean
opinions; and here was once a royal palace, from whence both Edward
VI. and Queen Elizabeth were conducted to the throne. The rectory,
which is in the Earl of Salisbury’s gift, is computed at 800_l._ a
year.
The Earl of Salisbury has here a noble seat built by the great Lord
Burleigh, called Hatfield House. The park and gardens, in which is a
vineyard, is watered by the river Lea.
HATFIELD _street_, Goswell street.
HATTON _court_, 1. Saffron hill. 2. Thread-needle street.
HATTON _garden_, Holborn, a broad straight and long street, in which the
houses are pretty lofty; but tho’ they are plain and unadorned on the
outside, yet there being something like regularity in the buildings,
they appear to great advantage; and the street affording a fine vista,
may justly be reckoned among the handsomest within the liberties of
the city. Mr. Strype observes, that here was anciently situated the
mansion house of the Bishop of Ely; adjoining to it was an orchard and
pasture of about forty acres inclosed with a wall, which falling to
the Crown at the death of Bishop Cox, she granted it to the Lord
Chancellor Hatton, and his heirs for ever. Upon which the house was
pulled down, and Hatton Garden, and several other streets erected on
this estate. _Strype’s Stow._
HATTON _wall_, at the end of Hatton garden; probably so called from its
being at the extremity of the wall of the garden in which the street
called Hatton Garden was built. See the preceding article.
HATTON _yard_, Hatton Wall.†
HAVILAND’S _rents_, St. Catharine’s.†
HAUNCH OF VENSION _yard_, Brook street.*
HAWKERS AND PEDLERS _Office_, for granting licences to the hawkers and
pedlers, is kept in Holborn court, Grays Inn. These belong to this
office three commissioners, a comptroller, a cashier, nine riding
surveyors, and a supernumerary riding surveyor, each of whom has a
salary of 100_l._ a year. There are besides a few other officers with
smaller salaries.
HAWS’S _Almshouse_, in Bow lane, Poplar, was founded in the year 1686,
for six poor women, who besides a room have thirty shillings a year
each.
HAY _court_, near Newport market.
HAY _hill_, Dover street.
HAYMARKET, Pall Mall, a pretty long and spacious street, in which there
is the opera house on one side, and a small theatre on the other. It
received its name from there being a market here for hay and straw,
every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
HAZELWOOD _court_, Bunhill row.*
HEATHCOCK _court_, in the Strand.*
HEATH’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse row,* in the Lower street, Islington,
was founded by John Heath, Esq; in the year 1648, for the reception of
ten decayed members of the clothworkers company, who annually receive
from their corporation, who are trustees for this foundation, the sum
6_l._ each. _Maitland._
HEATH’S _rents_, Church lane, Rag Fair.†
HEDDON’S _court_, Swallow street.†
HEDDON’S _street_, Swallow street.†
HEDGE _alley_, Barnaby street.
HEDGE _lane_, Charing Cross, so called from its being formerly inclosed
all along between two hedges. _Maitland._
HEDGERS _court_, St. Thomas’s, Southwark.
HEDLEY, a village in Surry, three miles from Epsom.
_St._ HELEN’S _Church_, situated in a spacious court, on the east side
of Bishopsgate street, called Little St. Helen’s, is thus denominated
from its dedication to St. Helena, the mother of Constantine the
Great. This church escaped the flames in 1666, and is no ill monument
of the taste of the time in which it was erected. It is a Gothic
structure of the lighter kind; and consists of a plain body, with
large windows not too much encumbered with ornaments. It has a tower
wrought with rustic at the corners, and crowned with a turret and dome
in which is a bell.
In this church was formerly a figure of the Trinity, and a high altar
of St. Helena, to which much devotion was paid. The church is now a
vicarage in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s.
In the north isle is the following inscription, on a large handsome
piece of black marble, under which are placed the remains of the wife,
son, and daughter of Mr. Thomas Payne, bookseller.
Silent grave, to thee I trust
These precious piles of lovely dust;
Keep them safely, sacred tomb,
Till a father asks for room.
_Priory of St._ HELEN’S, was a convent of Black Nuns, founded in the
reign of Henry III. by the above church; but was surrendered to the
Crown in the thirteenth year of the reign of Henry VIII. The nuns
hall, and other houses belonging to the priory, have been since
purchased by the leathersellers company, and is their common hall.
HELMET _alley_, Fore street, Cripplegate.*
HELMET _court_, 1. Butcher Row, Temple Bar.* 2. Near Catharine street,
in the Strand.* 3. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 4. London Wall.* 5. In
the Minories.* 6. Thames street.* 7. Wormwood street.*
HELMET _row_, Old street.*
HEMLOCK _court_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn fields.
HEMMING’S _row_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
HEMP _yard_, 1. Creechurch lane. 2. Petticoat lane. 3. Seething lane.
HEMPSTED, or HEMEL-HEMPSTED, a town in Hertfordshire, situated about
eight miles to the west of St. Alban’s, is esteemed one of the
greatest markets for wheat in this county, if not in England: it is
kept on Thursday, and 20,0001. a week is often returned in it for meal
only. Eleven mills stand within four miles of the place, which bring a
great trade to it; but by this means the road is so continually torn,
that it is one of the worst turnpike ways round London.
HEN _court_, Golden lane.*
HEN AND CHICKENS _court_, Fleet street.*
HENNAGE _lane_, Duke’s Place.
HENRIETTA _street_, 1. Cavendish square. 2. Covent Garden.
HENRY _street_, Old street.
HEPPER’S _wharf_, near Puddle dock, Thames street.†
HEPWORTH’S _alley_, Dancing Bridge.†
HERALDS _Office_, or the _College of Arms_, is situated upon St.
Bennet’s hill, near Doctors Commons, at the south west end of St.
Paul’s cathedral. This office was destroyed by the dreadful
conflagration in 1666, and rebuilt about three years after. It is a
square, inclosed by regular brick buildings, which are extremely neat
without expensive decorations. The floors are raised above the level
of the ground, and there is an ascent to them by flights of plain
steps. The principal front is in the lower story ornamented with
rustic, upon which are placed four Ionic pilasters, that support an
angular pediment. The sides which are conformable to this have arched
pediments, that are also supported by Ionic pilasters. On the inside
is a large room for keeping the court of honour; a library; with
houses and apartments for the King’s Heralds and Pursuivants.
This corporation consists of thirteen members, viz. three Kings at
arms, six Heralds at arms, and four Pursuivants at arms; who are
nominated by the Earl Marshal of England, as ministers subordinate to
him in the execution of their offices, and hold their places by
patent, during their good behaviour. They are all the King’s servants
in ordinary, and therefore in the vacancy of the office of Earl
Marshal, have been sworn into their offices by the Lord Chamberlain.
Their meetings are termed chapters, which they hold the first Thursday
in every month, or oftener, if necessary, wherein all matters are
determined by a majority of voices of the Kings and Heralds, each King
having two voices.
The Kings are Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy. Garter was instituted by
King Henry V. in the year 1417, for the service of the most noble
order of the Garter: and for the dignity of that order, he was made
Sovereign, within the office of arms, over all the other officers
subject to the crown of England, by the name of _Garter King of Arms
of England_. By the constitution of his office he must be a native of
England, and a gentleman bearing arms. To him belongs the correction
of arms, and all ensigns of arms usurped or borne unjustly; and the
power of granting arms to deserving persons, and supporters to the
nobility and Knights of the Bath. It is likewise his office to go next
before the sword in solemn processions, none interposing, except the
Marshal; to administer the oath to all the officers of arms; to have a
habit like the register of the order; with Baron’s service in the
court, and lodgings in Windsor Castle; he bears his white rod with a
banner of the ensigns of the order thereon before the Sovereign; when
any Lord enters the parliament chamber, it is his post to assign him
his place, according to his dignity and degree; to carry the ensigns
of the order to foreign Princes, and to do, or procure to be done,
what the Sovereign shall enjoin relating to the order; for the
execution of which he has a salary of 100_l._ a year payable at the
Exchequer, and 100_l._ more out of the revenue of the order; besides
his fees.
The others are called Provincial Kings, and their provinces together,
comprise the whole kingdom of England; that of Clarenceux
comprehending all to the south of the river Trent; and that of Norroy,
all to the north of that river: but tho’ these provincials have
existed time immemorial, they were not constituted to these offices by
the titles of Clarenceux and Norroy before Edward III.
Clarenceux is thus named from the Duke of Clarence, the third son of
King Edward III. It is his duty, according to his commission, to visit
his province, to survey the arms of all persons, &c. and to register
their descents, marriages, &c. to marshal the funerals of all persons
in his province not under the direction of Garter; and in his province
to grant arms, with the consent of the Earl Marshal. Before the
institution of Garter he was the principal officer of arms, and in the
vacancy of Garter he executes his office. Besides his fees, he has a
salary from the Exchequer of 40_l._ a year.
The duty and office of Norroy, or North Roy, that is North King, is
the same on the north of the Trent, as that of Clarenceux on the
south.
The Kings of arms were formerly erected by the Sovereign with great
solemnity, upon some high festival; but since the ceremonies used at
the creation of Peers have been laid aside, the Kings of arms have
been created by the Earl Marshal, by virtue of the Sovereign’s
warrant: upon this occasion he takes his oath; wine is poured upon his
head out of a gilt cup, with a cover; his title is pronounced; and he
invested with a tabart of the royal arms, richly embroidered upon
velvet; a collar of SS. with two portcullises of silver gilt; a gold
chain, with a badge of his office, and the Earl Marshal places on his
head the crown of a King of arms, which formerly resembled a ducal
coronet; but since the restoration it has been adorned with leaves
resembling those of the oak, and circumscribed, according to ancient
custom, with the words, MISERERE MEI DEUS SECUNDUM MAGNAM
MISERICORDIAM TUAM. Garter has also a mantle of crimson sattin, as an
officer of the order; with a white rod or scepter with the Sovereign’s
arms on the top, which he bears in the presence of the Sovereign; and
he is sworn in a chapter of the Garter, the Sovereign investing him
with the ensigns of his office.
The Kings of arms are distinguished from each other by their
respective badges, which they may wear at all times, either in a gold
chain or a ribbon, Garter’s being blue and the Provincials purple.
The six Heralds are Windsor, Chester, Lancaster, York, Richmond, and
Somerset, who take place according to seniority in office. They are
created with the same ceremonies as the Kings, taking the oath of an
Herald, and are inverted with a tabart of the royal arms, embroidered
upon sattin, not so rich as the Kings, but better than the
Pursuivants, and a silver collar of SS. They are Esquires by creation,
and have a salary of 26_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, and fees
according to their degree.
The Kings and Heralds are sworn upon a sword as well as the book, to
shew that they are military, as well as civil officers.
The four Pursuivants, who are, Rougecroix, Bluemantle, Rougedragon,
and Portcullis, are also created by the Earl Marshal, when they take
their oath of a Pursuivant, and are invested with a tabart of the
royal arms upon damask. They have a salary of 20_l._ a year, with fees
according to their degree. It is the duty of the Heralds and
Pursuivants, to attend in the public office, one of each class
together, by a monthly rotation.
Besides these particular duties of the several classes, it is the
general duty both of the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, to attend
his Majesty at the house of Peers, and, upon certain high festivals,
to the chapel royal; to make proclamations; to marshal the proceedings
at all public processions; to attend the installation of the Knights
of the Garter, &c.
All these officers have apartments in the college, annexed to their
respective offices. They have likewise a public hall, in which is a
court for the Earl Marshal, where courts of chivalry are occasionally
held, and the officers of arms attend in their tabarts, his Lordship
being present. Their public library contains a large and valuable
collection of original records of the pedigrees and arms of families,
funeral certificates of the nobility and gentry, public ceremonials,
and other branches of heraldry and antiquities; and there have been
few works published, relating to the history and antiquities of this
kingdom, in which the authors have not received some assistance from
this library, where attendance is daily given by two officers for the
public emolument. _Instructions communicated by Stephen Martin Leake,
Esq; Garter King of Arms, to Mr. Maitland._
HERBERT’S _grounds_, Bandyleg Walk.†
HERBERT’S _passage_, Beaufort Buildings.†
HERCULES PILLARS _alley_, Fleet street.*
HERCULES _yard_, Turnmill street.*
HERMITAGE _bridge_, Hermitage dock.
HERMITAGE _court_, Red Maid lane, near the Hermitage.
HERMITAGE, Dock side. There were formerly several hermitages on the
ground on which London now stands.
HERMITAGE _stairs_, Wapping.
HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping.
HERMITAGE _yard_, Parish street.
HERON’S _yard_, Marsham street.†
HERTFORD’S _court_, Fenchurch street.†
HESTON, a village in Middlesex, to the north west of Hounslow.
HEWET’S _court_, in the Strand.†
HEWEY _court_, near Halfmoon street, in the Strand.†
HEYDON _court_, Heydon square.†
HEYDON _passage_, Heydon square.†
HEYDON _square_, on the east side of the Minories.†
HEYDON _yard_, Heydon square.†
HICKMAN’S _court_, Mill street.†
HICK’S _court_, Shoreditch.†
HICKS’S HALL, in St. John’s street, facing West Smithfield, is the
county hall in which the justices of Middlesex hold their sessions.
This is a very plain brick edifice with a portico at the entrance. It
was built by Sir Baptist Hicks, Viscount Campden, who was for some
time a mercer in Cheapside, and died in 1629, and from him it received
its name. _Stow._
HICKS’S _yard_, Angel alley, Little Moorfields.†
HIDE PARK, is in a very fine situation to the west of the new buildings
of London, from which it extends to Kensington; it being encompassed
by a wall, and well stocked with deer. There is a place in it called
the _Ring_, which used formerly to be frequented by people of fashion
in their coaches. Mr. Misson, who published an account of his travels
over England, speaking of this _Ring_, which was then in vogue, says,
“The coaches drive round and round, and when they have turned for some
time round one way, they face about and turn t’other: so rolls the
world.” Here is a bason of water, formed to supply the above-mentioned
new buildings, and a fine serpentine river. There are several good
prospects from it. A magazine for gunpowder has been lately built in
this Park near the Ring.
HIDE PARK _corner_, Piccadilly, by the corner of Hide Park.
HIDE PARK _street_, Hide Park.
HIDE _street_, Bloomsbury.
HIDE’S _court_, 1. King street, Golden square.† 2. Noble street.† 3.
Hide’s rents, Chick lane.†
HIGH HOLBORN, that part of Holborn beyond the bars, and out of the
liberties of the city.
HIGH HOLBORN LIBERTY, which consists of that part without the bars, is
one of the two liberties in the county of Middlesex and hundred of
Osulston, belonging to the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn; though by
its separate government, (exclusive of that of the church) it acts in
all respects as if independent. _Maitland._
HIGH _street_, 1. Aldgate. 2. Coverlead’s fields. 3. St. Giles’s.
HIGH TIMBER _street_, Broken Wharf.
HIGHGATE, a large and populous village in Middlesex, a little above four
miles north of London, is so called from its high situation on the top
of a hill, and a gate erected there above 400 years ago, to receive
toll for the Bishop of London; upon an old miry road from Grays Inn
lane to Barnet, being turned through that Bishop’s park. The church,
which is a very old edifice, is a chapel of ease to Pancras and
Hornsey; and where it stands was formerly an hermitage; near which the
Lord Chief Baron Cholmondeley built and endowed a free school in 1562,
which was enlarged in the year 1570, by Edwin Sandys, Bishop of
London, and a chapel added to it. There are also here several
dissenting meeting houses. On the side next London, the fineness of
the prospect over the city, as far as Shooter’s hill, and below
Greenwich, has occasioned several handsome edifices to be built;
particularly a very fine house erected by the late Sir William
Ashurst. It is remarkable that most of the public houses in Highgate
have a large pair of horns placed over the sign; and that when any of
the country people stop for refreshment, a pair of large horns fixed
to the end of a staff, is brought to them, and they are earnestly
pressed to be sworn. If they consent, a kind of burlesque oath is
administered; that they will never eat brown bread when they can get
white; never kiss the maid when they can kiss the mistress; and
abundance of other things of the same kind, which they repeat after
the person who brings the horns, with one hand fixed upon them. This
ridiculous ceremony is altered according to the sex of the person who
is sworn; who is allowed to add to each article, except I like the
other better; the whole being over, he or she must kiss the horns, and
pay a shilling for the oath, to be spent among the company, to which
he or she belongs.
HIGHGATE _road_, Tottenham court.
HILLIARD’S _court_, Old Gravel lane.†
HILLINGTON, or HILLINGDON, the name of two villages in Middlesex,
situated near each other, at a small distance from Uxbridge, and
distinguished by the epithets Great and Little. The church of Great
Hillington is a vicarage, to which the town of Uxbridge is a hamlet,
and here Meinhardt, late Duke of Schomberg had a seat; and Mr.
Chetwynd has one at Little Hillington.