GDP - real growth rate: 4% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $7,700 (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (1995)
Labor force: 4,848 (1990 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: about 33% in government and 20% in
agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial,
and other services (1997 est.)
Unemployment rate: 10% (1997 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $47 million
expenditures: $33.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1997/98 est.)
Industries: tourism, offshore financial services
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity - production: 5 million kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 5 million kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits;
fish
Exports: $4.7 million (1993)
Exports - commodities: lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Exports - partners: US, UK
Imports: $46.6 million (1993)
Imports - commodities: food and beverages, tobacco, clothing,
manufactures, construction materials
Imports - partners: US, UK
Debt - external: $NA
Economic aid - recipient: $5.7 million (1995)
Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: US currency is used
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Turks and Caicos Islands:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 3,000 (1994)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1994)
Telephone system: fair cable and radiotelephone services
domestic: NA
international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 3 (one inactive), FM 6, shortwave 0
(1998)
Radios: 8,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are
received; cable television is established) (1997)
Televisions: NA
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (1999)
@Turks and Caicos Islands:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km
Ports and harbors: Grand Turk, Providenciales
Merchant marine: none (1999 est.)
Airports: 7 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (1999 est.)
@Turks and Caicos Islands:Military
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
@Turks and Caicos Islands:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American narcotics
destined for the US
______________________________________________________________________
TUVALU
@Tuvalu:Introduction
Background: In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of
the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice
Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert
Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate
British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000,
Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv"
for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years.
@Tuvalu:Geography
Location: Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the
South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to
Australia
Geographic coordinates: 8 00 S, 178 00 E
Map references: Oceania
Area:
total: 26 sq km
land: 26 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 24 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to
November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Terrain: very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Natural resources: fish
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in
1997, there were three cyclones; low-level of islands make them very
sensitive to sea-level rise
Environment - current issues: since there are no streams or rivers and
groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment
systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one
desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion
because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance
of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the
spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about
global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on
rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water
table
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
@Tuvalu:People
Population: 10,838 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 34% (male 1,872; female 1,802)
15-64 years: 61% (male 3,149; female 3,458)
65 years and over: 5% (male 239; female 318) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.41% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 21.78 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 7.66 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 23.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 66.32 years
male: 64.21 years
female: 68.53 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.11 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan
Ethnic groups: Polynesian 96%
Religions: Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day
Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Languages: Tuvaluan, English
Literacy:
definition: NA
total population: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
@Tuvalu:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tuvalu
former: Ellice Islands
Data code: TV
Government type: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary
democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
Capital: Funafuti
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 1 October 1978 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Constitution: 1 October 1978
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Sir Tomasi PUAPUA (since 26 June 1998)
head of government: Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA (since NA April
1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU (since
NA April 1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the
recommendation of the prime minister
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by
the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime
minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of
Parliament; election last held 27 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)
election results: Ionatana IONATANA elected prime minister; percent of
Parliament vote - NA; Lagitupu (of Nanumea) TUILIMU elected deputy
prime minister; percent of Parliament vote - NA
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called
House of Assembly (12 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12
Judicial branch: eight Island Courts; High Court; note - a chief
justice visits twice a year to preside over sessions of the High Court
Political parties and leaders: there are no political parties but
members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
International organization participation: ACP, AsDB, C (special),
ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, Sparteca,
SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US: Tuvalu does not have an embassy
in the US
Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy
in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Flag description: light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of
the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine
islands
@Tuvalu:Economy
Economy - overview: Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered
group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known
mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are
the primary economic activities. Government revenues largely come from
the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000
Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has
begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline.
Substantial income is received annually from an international trust
fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported
also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and
conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17
million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major
revenue source for Tuvalu, with 1999 payments from a 1988 treaty on
fisheries at about $9 million, a total which is expected to rise
annually. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the
government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization
of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998,
Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900"
lines and from the sale of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalites
from these new technology sources could raise GDP three or more times
over the next decade. Low-lying Tuvalu is particularly vulnerable to
any rise in the sea level from future global warming.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $7.8 million (1995 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 8.7% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $800 (1995 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (average 1985-93)
Labor force: NA
Labor force - by occupation: people make a living mainly through
exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by
those working abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and
sailors)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $4.3 million
expenditures: $4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1989 est.)
Industries: fishing, tourism, copra
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity - production: 3 million kWh (1995)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA%
nuclear: NA%
other: NA%
Electricity - consumption: 3 million kWh (1995)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1995)
Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (1995)
Agriculture - products: coconuts; fish
Exports: $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)
Exports - commodities: copra
Exports - partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Imports: $4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)
Imports - commodities: food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery,
manufactured goods
Imports - partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Debt - external: $NA
Economic aid - recipient: $7.9 million (1995); note - substantial
annual support from an international trust fund
Currency: 1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100
cents
Exchange rates: Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per
US$1 - 1.5207 (January 2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439
(1997), 1.2773 (1996), 1.3486 (1995)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Tuvalu:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 400 (1994)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 0 (1994)
Telephone system:
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios: 4,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)
Televisions: NA
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 1 (1999)
@Tuvalu:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 8 km (1996 est.)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: Funafuti, Nukufetau
Merchant marine:
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 44,500 GRT/63,978 DWT
ships by type: cargo 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1,
roll-on/roll-off 1 (1999 est.)
Airports: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1999 est.)
@Tuvalu:Military
Military branches: no regular military forces; Police Force includes
Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and
surveillance operations
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%
@Tuvalu:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
______________________________________________________________________
UGANDA
@Uganda:Introduction
Background: Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The
dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the
deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights
abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed another 100,000 lives.
During the 1990s the government has promulgated non-party presidential
and legislative elections.
@Uganda:Geography
Location: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 236,040 sq km
land: 199,710 sq km
water: 36,330 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933
km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable
land
Land use:
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 9%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 29% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural
use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Geography - note: landlocked
@Uganda:People
Population: 23,317,560
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population
and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age
and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 51% (male 5,986,645; female 5,936,754)
15-64 years: 47% (male 5,443,613; female 5,448,563)
65 years and over: 2% (male 240,819; female 261,166) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.72% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 48.04 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 18.44 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1998, Uganda was host to
205,000 refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including:
Sudan 190,000, Rwanda 7,500, and Democratic Republic of the Congo
5,400; refugees began returning to their countries of origin in 2000
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 93.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 42.93 years
male: 42.22 years
female: 43.67 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.96 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan
Ethnic groups: Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi
6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo
3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23%
Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous
beliefs 18%
Languages: English (official national language, taught in grade
schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital
and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.8%
male: 73.7%
female: 50.2% (1995 est.)
@Uganda:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form: Uganda
Data code: UG
Government type: republic
Capital: Kampala
Administrative divisions: 39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo,
Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala,
Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum,
Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto,
Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai,
Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution: 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member
Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution
that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was
dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Legal system: in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one
based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of
state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since
5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government; the prime minister assists the president in the
supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected
legislators
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 9 May 1996 (next to be held by 31 May 2001); note -
first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was
held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president;
percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul Kawanga
SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (276 members - 214
directly elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally established
special interest groups and approved by the president - women 39, army
10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held NA 2001);
election results: NA; note - election campaigning by party was not
permitted
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the
president; High Court, judges are appointed by the president
Political parties and leaders: only one political organization, the
National Resistance Movement or NRM is
recognized; note - the president maintains that the NRM is not a
political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all
note: of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from
sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's
Congress or UPC ; Democratic Party or DP [Paul
SSEMOGERERE]; and Conservative Party or CP ;
the new constitution requires the suspension of political party
activity until a referendum is held on the matter in 2000
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB,
ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA
chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone: (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416
FAX: (202) 726-1727
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Martin G. BRENNAN
embassy: Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone: (41) 259792, 259793, 259795
FAX: (41) 259794
Flag description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow,
red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the
center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing
the hoist side
@Uganda:Economy
Economy - overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources,
including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral
deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important
sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is
the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues.
Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and
international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the
economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on
export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving
civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at
dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In
1990-99, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued
investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved
incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually
improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan
entrepreneurs. Ongoing Ugandan involvement in the war in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, growing corruption within the
government, and slippage in the government's determination to press
reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $24.2 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 5.5% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1,060 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 44%
industry: 17%
services: 39% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: 55% (1993 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 33.4% (1992)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1999)
Labor force: 8.361 million (1993 est.)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services
13% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%