arable land: 66%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 34%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: NA
Geography - note: largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about
30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier
@Jersey:People
Population: 88,915 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 18% (male 8,140; female 7,563)
15-64 years: 68% (male 30,036; female 30,329)
65 years and over: 14% (male 5,454; female 7,393) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.52% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 11.65 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 2.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.48 years
male: 76.07 years
female: 81.07 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.56 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander
Ethnic groups: UK and Norman-French descent
Religions: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New
Church, Methodist, Presbyterian
Languages: English (official), French (official), Norman-French
dialect spoken in country districts
Literacy:
definition: NA
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA
@Jersey:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey
conventional short form: Jersey
Data code: JE
Dependency status: British crown dependency
Government type: NA
Capital: Saint Helier
Administrative divisions: none (British crown dependency)
Independence: none (British crown dependency)
National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and
practice
Legal system: English law and local statute
Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Sir
Michael WILKES (since NA 1995) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE
(since NA 1995)
cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and
bailiff appointed by the monarch
Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting
members - 12 senators, 12 constables or heads of parishes, 29
deputies; all elected for six-year terms, half elected every third
year; the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members -
the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General and the Solicitor General all
appointed by the monarch
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 52
Judicial branch: Royal Court, judges elected by an electoral college
and the bailiff
Political parties and leaders: none; all independents
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (British crown dependency)
Diplomatic representation from the US: none (British crown dependency)
Flag description: white with a diagonal red cross extending to the
corners of the flag and in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow
crown, a red shield holding the three lions of England in yellow
@Jersey:Economy
Economy - overview: The economy is based largely on international
financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower,
tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped
mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide
and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to
the UK and other EU countries. In 1996 the finance sector accounted
for about 60% of the island's output. Tourism, another mainstay of the
economy, accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has
encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an
electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional
manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements
are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light
taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: NA%
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $24,800 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 5%
industry: 2%
services: 93% (1996)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.7% (1998)
Labor force: 57,050 (1996)
Unemployment rate: 0.7% (1998 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $666.9 million
expenditures: $618.5 million, including capital expenditures of $128.4
million (1996 est.)
Industries: tourism, banking and finance, dairy
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity - production: 266 million kWh
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0%
Electricity - consumption: 467 million kWh (1995)
Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 201 million kWh (from France) (1995)
Agriculture - products: potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy
products
Exports: $NA
Exports - commodities: light industrial and electrical goods,
foodstuffs, textiles
Exports - partners: UK
Imports: $NA
Imports - commodities: machinery and transport equipment, manufactured
goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners: UK
Debt - external: none
Economic aid - recipient: none
Currency: 1 Jersey pound = 100 pence
Exchange rates: Jersey pounds per US$1 - 0.6092 (January 2000), 0.6180
(1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996), 0.6335 (1995);
the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Jersey:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: NA
Telephones - mobile cellular: NA
Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: 3 submarine cables
Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: NA
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
@Jersey:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 577 km (1995)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier
Merchant marine: none (1999 est.)
Airports: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1999 est.)
@Jersey:Military
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
@Jersey:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
______________________________________________________________________
JOHNSTON ATOLL
@Johnston Atoll:Geography
Location: Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third
of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Geographic coordinates: 16 45 N, 169 30 W
Map references: Oceania
Area:
total: 2.8 sq km
land: 2.8 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in
Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 10 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds
with little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly flat
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Summit Peak 5 m
Natural resources: NA; guano deposits worked until depletion about
1890
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100%
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1998)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: no natural fresh water resources
Geography - note: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean;
Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been
expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island
(Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; closed to the
public; former US nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll
Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); some low-growing vegetation
@Johnston Atoll:People
Population: no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor
personnel present (January 2000 est.)
@Johnston Atoll:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Data code: JQ
Dependency status: unincorporated territory of the US; administered
from Washington, DC, by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
and managed cooperatively by DTRA and the Fish and Wildlife Service of
the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife
Refuge system
Flag description: the flag of the US is used
@Johnston Atoll:Economy
Economy - overview: Economic activity is limited to providing services
to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All
food and manufactured goods must be imported.
Electricity - production: NA kWh
note: there are six 25,000 kWh generators supplied by the base
operating support contractor
Electricity - consumption: NA kWh
@Johnston Atoll:Communications
Telephone system: 13 outgoing and 10 incoming commercial lines;
adequate telecommunications
domestic: 60-channel submarine cable, 22 DSN circuits by satellite,
Autodin with standard remote terminal, digital telephone switch,
Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS station), UHF/VHF air-ground
radio, a link to the Pacific Consolidated Telecommunications Network
(PCTN) satellite
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Television broadcast stations: commercial satellite television system,
with 16 channels (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA
@Johnston Atoll:Transportation
Ports and harbors: Johnston Island
Airports: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (1999 est.)
@Johnston Atoll:Military
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the US
@Johnston Atoll:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
______________________________________________________________________
JORDAN
@Jordan:Introduction
Background: For most of its history since independence from British
administration in 1946, Jordan was ruled by King HUSSEIN (1953-1999).
A pragmatic ruler, he successfully navigated competing pressures from
the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and
a large internal Palestinian population, through several wars and coup
attempts. In 1989 he resumed parliamentary elections and gradually
permitted political liberalization; in 1994 a formal peace treaty was
signed with Israel.
@Jordan:Geography
Location: Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia
Geographic coordinates: 31 00 N, 36 00 E
Map references: Middle East
Area:
total: 89,213 sq km
land: 88,884 sq km
water: 329 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries:
total: 1,619 km
border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 728 km,
Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km
Coastline: 26 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 3 nm
Climate: mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Terrain: mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great
Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point: Jabal Ram 1,734 m
Natural resources: phosphates, potash, shale oil
Land use:
arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 1%
other: 85% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 630 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: limited natural fresh water resources;
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear
Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
@Jordan:People
Population: 4,998,564 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 38% (male 968,579; female 925,987)
15-64 years: 59% (male 1,568,615; female 1,374,303)
65 years and over: 3% (male 79,748; female 81,332) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.1% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 26.24 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 2.63 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 7.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 21.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.36 years
male: 74.94 years
female: 79.93 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.44 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Jordanian(s)
adjective: Jordanian
Ethnic groups: Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Religions: Sunni Muslim 96%, Christian 4% (1997 est.)
Languages: Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper
and middle classes
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 86.6%
male: 93.4%
female: 79.4% (1995 est.)
@Jordan:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan
Data code: JO
Government type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Amman
Administrative divisions: 12 governorates (muhafazat, singular -
muhafazah); Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman,
At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba
Independence: 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under
British administration)
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
Constitution: 8 January 1952
Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review
of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: King ABDALLAH bin al Hussein (since 7 February 1999);
Crown Prince HAMZAH bin al Hussein (half brother of the King, born 29
March 1980)
head of government: Prime Minister Abdur-Rauf RAWABDEH (since 4 March
1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with
the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed
by the monarch
Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma
consists of the Senate (a 40-member body appointed by the monarch from
designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year
terms) and the House of Representatives (80 seats; members elected by
popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve
four-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 4 November 1997 (next
to be held NA November 2001)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party
- NA; seats by party - National Constitutional Party 2, Arab Land
Party 1, independents 75, other 2
note: the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by
the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989 the first
parliamentary elections in 22 years were held
Judicial branch: Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final
appeal)
Political parties and leaders: Al-Ahrar (Freedom) Party [Dr. Ahmad
ZO'BI, secretary general]; Arab Ba'th Progressive Party [Mahmoud
al-MA'AYTAH, secretary general]; Arab Islamic Democratic Party (Doa'a)
; Arab Jordanian Ansar Party
; Arab Land Party [Dr. Muhammad
al-'ORAN, secretary general]; Democratic Party of the Left [Musa
MA'AITAH, secretary general]; Islamic Action Front [Abd-al-Latif
ARABIYAT, secretary general]; Jordanian Arab Constitutional Front
Party ; Jordanian Arab New Dawn Party
; Jordanian Ba'th Arab Socialist Party [Tayseer al-HOMSI,
secretary general]; Jordanian Communist Party [Ya'acoub ZAYADIN,
secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'eed
MUSTAPHA, secretary general]; Jordanian Labor Party [Muhammad
KHATAYIBAH, secretary general]; Jordanian Peace Party [Dr. Shaher
KHREIS, secretary general]; Jordanian People's Democratic Party or
HASHD ; Al-Mustaqbal (Future) Party
; National Action Party or Haqq
; National Constitutional Party
; National Democratic Public
Movement Party ; Progressive
Party ; Al-Umma (Nation) Party
; The Generations [Hamad al-KHALAYLA,
chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders: Council of Professional
Association Presidents ; Jordanian Press
Association ; Muslim Brotherhood
International organization participation: ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF,
CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner),
PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG,
UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Marwan Jamil MUASHER
chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: (202) 966-2664
FAX: (202) 966-3110
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador William BURNS
embassy: Abdoum, Amman
mailing address: P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; APO AE 09892-0200
telephone: (6) 5920101
FAX: (6) 5927712
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white,
and green with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
bearing a small white seven-pointed star; the seven points on the star
represent the seven fundamental laws of the Koran
@Jordan:Economy
Economy - overview: Jordan is a small Arab country with inadequate
supplies of water and other natural resources such as oil. The Persian
Gulf crisis, which began in August 1990, aggravated Jordan's already
serious economic problems, forcing the government to shelve the IMF
program, stop most debt payments, and suspend rescheduling
negotiations. Aid from Gulf Arab states, worker remittances, and trade
contracted; and refugees flooded the country, producing serious
balance-of-payments problems, stunting GDP growth, and straining
government resources. The economy rebounded in 1992, largely due to
the influx of capital repatriated by workers returning from the Gulf.
After averaging 9% in 1992-95, GDP growth averaged only 2% during
1996-99. In an attempt to spur growth, King ABDALLAH has undertaken
limited economic reform, including partial privatization of some state
owned enterprises and Jordan's entry in January 2000 into the World
Trade Organization (WTrO). Debt, poverty, and unemployment are
fundamental ongoing economic problems.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $16 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 2% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $3,500 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 3%
industry: 25%
services: 72% (1998 est.)
Population below poverty line: 30% (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 34.7% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 1.15 million
note: in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad (1997
est.)
Labor force - by occupation: industry 11.4%, commerce, restaurants,
and hotels 10.5%, construction 10%, transport and communications 8.7%,
agriculture 7.4%, other services 52% (1992)
Unemployment rate: 15% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (1999
est.)
Budget:
revenues: $2.8 billion
expenditures: $3.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(2000 est.)
Industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement, potash,
light manufacturing, tourism
Industrial production growth rate: -3.4% (1996)
Electricity - production: 6.08 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 99.51%
hydro: 0.49%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 6.102 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 2 million kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 450 million kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons,
olives; sheep, goats, poultry
Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)
Exports - commodities: phosphates, fertilizers, potash, agricultural
products, manufactures
Exports - partners: Iraq, India, Saudi Arabia, EU, Indonesia, UAE,
Lebanon, Kuwait, Syria, Ethiopia
Imports: $3.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)
Imports - commodities: crude oil, machinery, transport equipment,
food, live animals, manufactured goods
Imports - partners: Germany, Iraq, US, Japan, UK, Italy, Turkey,
Malaysia, Syria, China
Debt - external: $8.4 billion (1998 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: ODA, $850 million (1996 est.)
Currency: 1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils
Exchange rates: Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.7090 (January
2000-1996), 0.7005 (1995)
note: since May 1989, the dinar has been pegged to a group of
currencies
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Jordan:Communications
Telephones - main lines in use: 402,600 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 75,000 (1999)
Telephone system: service has improved recently with the increased use
of digital switching equipment, but better access to the telephone
system is needed in the rural areas and easier access to pay
telephones is needed by the urban public
domestic: microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and
fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; considerable use is
made of mobile cellular systems; Internet service is available
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and
29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals; fiber-optic cable to Saudi
Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; connection
to international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the
Globe); participant in MEDARABTEL; international links total about
4,000
Radio broadcast stations: AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1999)
Radios: 1.66 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 8 (plus approximately 42 repeaters and
1 TV receive-only satellite link) (1999)
Televisions: 500,000 (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 8 (1999)
@Jordan:Transportation
Railways:
total: 677 km
narrow gauge: 677 km 1.050-m gauge (2000)
Highways:
total: 8,000 km
paved: 8,000 km
unpaved: 0 km (2000 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 209 km; note - may not be in use
Ports and harbors: Al 'Aqabah
Merchant marine:
total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,746 GRT/59,100 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 2, container 1, livestock carrier 1,
roll-on/roll-off 1 (1999 est.)
Airports: 20 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1999 est.)
@Jordan:Military
Military branches: Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; includes Royal
Jordanian Land Force, Royal Naval Force, and Royal Jordanian Air
Force); Badiya (irregular) Border Guards; Ministry of the Interior's
Public Security Force (falls under JAF only in wartime or crisis
situations)
Military manpower - military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 1,399,138 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 993,730 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 55,742 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $608.9 million (FY98)