6-inch field howitzers 2
_C (Jagged) Battery._
6-inch guns (43 cwt.) 4
_G (Sapper) Battery._
6-inch guns (68 cwt.) 4
Machine-guns 2
Rocket troughs 2
_Fort No. 4._
Light guns 6
Machine-guns 2
Rocket platforms 2
_Battery near Fort 4._
6-inch field howitzers 4
_Fortification No. 4._
42-line guns 3
Light guns 5
Machine-guns 2
Rocket troughs 2
_Tea Trench._
Light guns 2
_Rear Redoubt._
Light guns 2
_Rear Battery._
6-inch field howitzers 4
Light guns 2
_Fort No. 5._
Light guns 5
Naval Baranovsky guns 2
Machine-guns 2
Rocket troughs 2
_Pigeon Battery._
Light guns 2
Baranovsky guns 1
_D Battery._
6-inch guns (68 cwt.), all round fire 6
_Lateral Battery._
Light guns 2
Rocket troughs 2
_Flank Battery._
Baranovsky guns 2
_Redoubt No. 3._
Light guns 2
_Fortification No. 5._
42-line guns 4
Light guns 4
Baranovsky guns 4
Machine-guns 2
Rocket troughs 3
_New Battery._
6-inch (43 cwt.) guns 4
_Timber Redoubt._
Light guns 4 Machine-guns 2
_Advanced Battery._
Light guns 2
_Fort No. 6._
42-line guns 4
Light guns 4
Machine-guns 2
Rocket troughs 3
_Salt Battery._
Light guns 4
_White Wolf Battery._
Light guns 4
Rocket troughs 2
_By the Lighthouse on Liao-tieh-shan._
6-inch guns (68 cwt.) 2
Baranovsky guns 2
_Sent to the Bays--Pigeon, Louisa, Ten Ships, Shaopingtao Lunwantun,
and Takhe._
Baranovsky guns 4
Machine-guns 3
_On the Redoubts of the Central Wall._
By the slaughter-house 2 light guns
No. 1 (Artillery) 2 "
No. 2 (Engineer) 2 "
No. 3 (Sapper) 2 "
No. 4 (Powder) 2 42-line guns
Between Batteries 20 and 21 10 light guns
Summary.
Thus, by March 14 there were mounted ready for action on the land front:
6-inch guns (43 cwt. and 68 cwt.) and
42-line guns 60
Light field guns 126
Baranovsky guns 15
87-millimetre Chinese field guns 4
6-inch field howitzers 24
3-line machine-guns 30
---
Total 259
On the sea front, the following guns taken from the ships had been
mounted opposite the entrance to the inner roads:
Lighthouse Battery 2 120-millimetre guns
Golden Hill Battery 2 120-millimetre guns
Electric Cliff 2 37-millimetre guns
Battery 16 5 Canet guns
--
Total 11
Total on sea front and in Bays:
Guns 37
Machine-guns 3
Grand total in Fortress:
Guns 362
Machine-guns 33
Of ammunition, all batteries on the land front had 200 and on the
sea front 200 or 300 rounds per gun ready. There were also 50 rocket
troughs on the former.
The whole perimeter of the Fortress with regard to artillery was
divided as follows:
(_a_) _Sea Front_.
Section 1 Sectors 1 and 2
Section 2 Sectors 3 and 4
(_b_) _Land Front_.
Section 3 Sectors 6 and 7
Section 4 Sectors 8, 9, and 10
Section 5 Sectors 11 and 12
_Kinchou._
The following were sent to and mounted on the Kinchou position in
February:
42-line guns 2}
6-inch field howitzers 6}
Light field guns 16}
Chinese 87-millimetre quick-firing guns } 44 guns
12}
Chinese 87-millimetre guns 8}
3-line maxims 6
Rocket troughs 8
Ammunition was sent to bring up the number of rounds per gun as follows:
Rounds.
42-line, light, and 87-millimetre non-cartridge guns 200
6-inch field howitzers 155
87-millimetre cartridge guns 140
Rockets 400
To fight the guns at Kinchou, a provisional company was formed of 4
officers and 392 non-commissioned officers and men. In February the
Port Arthur Sortie Battery of eight 3-inch quick-firing guns and a
provisional field battery of four 57-millimetre Chinese guns were also
organized.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 50: Figures are given exactly as in the Report.]
[Footnote 51: For table of British equivalents see p. 385.]
[Footnote 52: By this table, the armament was 201 guns short of its
proper number, and of the 413 only 110 were mounted.]
[Footnote 53: This does not exactly agree with the map supplied by the
author.--E. D.S.]
APPENDIX III
_Showing the 'matériel' and 'personnel' landed from the fleet for the
land defence of Port Arthur._
_Order No. 70._
In continuation of Order No. 32 of August 20 by Rear-Admiral Prince
Ukhtomsky, temporarily in command of the Pacific Ocean Squadron, the
following is the detailed list of fortifications, showing the numbers
and distribution of naval guns, searchlights, and _personnel_ in them:
The 'Retvisan.'
-------------------+------------+---------+---------------------
| | | _Personnel._
Names of Batteries.| Guns. | Search- +-----+-------+-------
| | lights. |Guns.|Search-|Mines.
| | | |lights.|
-------------------+------------+---------+-----+-------+-------
Battery No. 20 |1 24-cm. | -- | 18 | -- | --
Takhe Pipe |6 37-mm. | -- | 12 | -- | --
Fort No. 1 |3 47-mm., | 1 90-cm.| 21 | 10 | --
|6 37-mm. | | | |
Between Dragon's | | | | |
Back and No. 19 |4 47-mm. | -- | 12 | -- | --
Between Dragon's | | | | |
Back and No. 1 |1 37-mm. | -- | 2 | -- | --
Takhe Cliff |2 47-mm. | -- | 5 | -- | --
To the right of | | | | |
Fort No. 1 |2 47-mm. | -- | 5 | -- | --
To the left of | | | | |
Fort No. 1 |2 47-mm. | -- | 4 | -- | --
Open Caponier | -- | 1 40-cm.| -- | 6 | --
Dragon's Back |2 6-inch | -- | 12 | 6 | --
A Battery |2 47-mm., | 1 40-cm.| 21 | 6 | --
|7 37-mm., | | | |
|1 2-1/2-inch| | | |
Fortification No. 2|4 47-mm., | 1 40-cm.| 21 | 6 | --
|2 machine- | | | |
| guns | | | |
Fort No. 2 |2 47-mm., | -- | 10 | -- | --
|4 37-mm. | | | |
The 'Bayan.'
-------------------+------------+---------+---------------------
| | | _Personnel._
Names of Batteries.| Guns. | Search- +-----+-------+-------
| | lights. |Guns.|Search-|Mines.
| | | |lights.|
-------------------+------------+---------+-----+-------+-------
Fort No. 3 |12 37-mm. |1 75-cm.,| 19 | 9 | 7
| |1 40-cm. | | |
Fortification No. 3|2 6-inch, | -- | 28 | -- | --
| 1 47-mm., | | | |
| 8 37-mm. | | | |
Tumulus Battery |2 75-mm., |1 75-cm.,| 27 | 13 | --
| 4 37-mm., |1 60-cm. | | |
| 1 120-mm. | | | |
Quail Hill |2 6-inch, |1 40-cm. | 20 | 6 | --
| 1 120-mm. | | | |
Rocky Ridge |1 120-mm., | -- | 60 | -- | --
| 10 75-mm.,| | | |
| 2 47-mm., | | | |
| 2 37-mm. | | | |
Above Chinese Town |4 47-mm. | -- | 16 | -- | --
Slope of Big Hill |4 47-mm. | -- | 16 | -- | --
The 'Poltava.'
Cemetery Hill |4 75-mm., | -- | 39 | -- | --
| 4 47-mm., | | | |
| 4 37-mm. | | | |
B Battery and under|1 120-mm., |1 75-cm.,| 11 | 13 | 3
| 2 47-mm. | 1 60-cm.| | |
Fort No. 4 |4 75-mm., |1 40-cm. | 39 | 4 | 2
| 2 47-mm. | | | |
Intermediate |2 75-mm., | -- | 37 | -- | --
Battery | 2 47-mm., | | | |
| 2 37-mm., | | | |
|2 machine- | | | |
| guns | | | |
Fortification No. 4|2 75-mm., | -- | 14 | 2 | --
| 4 37-mm. | | | |
Obelisk Battery |1 6-inch, | -- | 32 | -- | --
| 8 47-mm. | | | |
Council Battery |2 9-pounders| -- | 13 | -- | --
The 'Peresvet.'
Fort No. 5 |2 6-inch, |1 75-cm.,| 28 | 11 | --
| 2 75-mm. | 1 40-cm.| | |
Pigeon Battery |2 75-mm., | -- | 30 | -- | --
| 4 37-mm. | | | |
Triangulation |1 6-inch of | -- | 15 | -- | --
| 1877 | | | |
Fort D |1 6-inch |1 75-cm. | 13 | 6 | --
(? D Battery) | | | | |
The 'Pallada.'
-------------------+------------+---------+---------------------
| | | _Personnel._
Names of Batteries.| Guns. | Search- +-----+-------+-------
| | lights. |Guns.|Search-|Mines.
| | | |lights.|
-------------------+------------+---------+-----+-------+-------
Fortification No. 5|4 75-mm., | -- | 62 | -- | --
| 4 47-mm., | | | |
| 10 37-mm. | | | |
Wooded Hill |2 75-mm., |1 60-cm.,| 44 | 7 | --
| 4 47-mm., | 1 40-cm.| | |
| 4 37-mm. | | | |
The 'Pobieda.'
Fort No. 6 |2 47-mm. |1 40-cm. | 9 | 6 | --
White Wolf |2 37-mm., |1 60-cm. | -- | 6 | --
|2 2-1/2-inch| | | |
Salt Hill |4 75-mm., | -- | 28 | -- | --
| 4 37-mm., | | | |
|1 2-1/2-inch| | | |
Battery at entrance|1 120-cm. | -- | -- | -- | --
Battery No. 9 | -- |1 60-cm. | -- | 9 | --
The 'Sevastopol.'
Liao-tieh-shan |4 6-inch, |1 75-cm. | 45 | 7 | 2
Lighthouse | 4 37-mm. | | | |
|4 2-1/2-inch| | | |
Liao-tieh-shan Top,|1 21-cm., |1 75-cm.,| 54 | 15 | --
218 and 200 |2 6-inch, |1 60-cm. | | |
| 3 37-mm., | | | |
|2 2-1/2-inch| | | |
Grand total | 852 | 142 | 14
---------v----------
1,008
Wiren,
Rear-Admiral
_Note._--Total of Guns (with British Equivalents).
------------------+-------------------+----------
Calibre, etc. | Equivalent. | Number.
------------------+-------------------+----------
120 millimetres | 4·7-inch | 5
75 " | 3-inch | 38
47 " |Small quick-firing | 60
37 " | " | 91
6-inch | 6-inch | 17
2·5-inch | 2·5-inch | 10
24-centimetres | 9·4-inch | 1
21-centimetres | 8·2-inch | 1
9-pounder | 9-pound | 2
Machine | Machine | 4
------------------+-------------------+----------
Circular
by the Officer Commanding the Division of Battleships and Cruisers in
Port Arthur, November 17, 1904.
_No. 241._
In continuation of Order No. 70 and Circular No. 205, the following
guns have been taken over by the Kwantun District authorities:
----------+-----------------------------------+---------------------
From the | Mounted on | Guns.
----------+-----------------------------------+---------------------
_Retvisan_|Fort B |2 47-mm.
_Peresvet_|Rear Battery |3 37-mm. and 1 75-mm.
_Poltava_ |Sapper Battery |1 75-mm.
_Pobieda_ |Battery No. 1 (Tiger's Peninsula) |2 47-mm.
_Pallada_ |Big Pigeon Bay |1 47-mm.
_Bayan_ |Hill in rear of Fortification No. 3|3 47-mm.
----------+-----------------------------------+---------------------
APPENDIX IV
The following pages will give some idea as to the real state of the
Fortress as regards Supplies, Munitions of War, and Men, when the
surrender took place.
Supplies.
This table, drawn up by the Fortress Intendant, shows the amount of
food in the supply depôts exclusive of what was in possession of
private firms:
_To the Commandant of the Fortress._
TABLE SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF SUPPLIES IN THE PORT ARTHUR SUPPLY DEPÔTS
ON DECEMBER 31, 1904.
-------------------+-----------------------------+---------+
| Depôts. | |
Supplies. | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Total. |
-------------------+-------+---------+-------+---+---------+
| lbs. | lbs. | lbs. | | lbs. |
Flour |784,320| --- | 40,680|---| 825,000|
Groats and rice |145,720| --- | 77,360|---| 223,080|
Do., broken | --- | --- | 5,600|---| 5,600|
Millet | --- | --- | 2,360|---| 2,360|
Tea | --- | --- | 86,720|---| 86,720|
Sugar | 48,960| --- | --- |---| 48,960|
Biscuits | --- | --- |866,280|---| 866,280|
Dried vegetables | --- | --- |124,000|---| 124,000|
Salt |652,040| --- | 13,040|---| 665,080|
Preserves | --- | --- |154,120|---| 154,120|
Oats | --- | 127,280| --- |---| 127,280|
Beans | --- |1,245,600| --- |---|1,245,600|
Cattle, 3. | | | | | |
Sheep and goats, 9.| | | | | |
-------------------+-------+---------+-------+---+---------+
-------------------+---------+--------------------------+
| Number | Men, 32,213; |
Supplies. | Of | Horses, 3,258. |
| Rations.|Amount of Ration in days. |
-------------------+---------+--------------------------+
| lbs. | Days. |
Flour | 437,569| 13-1/2[54] |
Groats and rice |} | 21 |
Do., broken |} 693,120| 72-1/2 |
Millet |} | 12 |
Tea |5,550,080| 115-1/8 |
Sugar | 391,680| 92 |
Biscuits | 495,017| 80 |
Dried vegetables |2,976,000| -- |
Salt |5,804,335| 135 |
Preserves | --- | -- |
Oats |} | |
Beans |} 114,406| |
Cattle, 3. | | |
Sheep and goats, 9.| | |
-------------------+---------+--------------------------+
(Signed) Captain Dostavaloff,
_Fortress Intendant_.
No. 9,953.
Port Arthur.
_December 31, 1904._
Munitions of War.
As regards the stores in the Fortress, the following extracts from a
letter from Major-General Biely, Commanding the Fortress Artillery, to
Major-General Reintal, Inspector-General of Artillery, shows the true
state of affairs:
'The unexpectedness of the surrender of the Fortress, and the rapidity
with which we were all sent into imprisonment in Japan, prevented me
from finishing a detailed report of the work done by the artillery
in the Fortress during the siege, and sending it, as I intended, to
the Artillery Department. The conditions of my imprisonment stopped
my doing so afterwards. Up till now not a single artillery commanding
officer who knows the actual state of the artillery in the Fortress on
the day of the surrender, and can report the true state of affairs, has
returned to Russia. Meanwhile, however, a Royal Commission has been
appointed to investigate all the circumstances of the capitulation. The
details furnished to this Commission about the artillery which I have
happened to read in the papers, and in particular those communicated
by such a witness as Major-General Reuss, are on the whole highly
coloured, presumably with a view to belittling the artillery service
generally and showing an insufficiency of reserve stores. Judging
from this and from what he has said to correspondents, General Reuss
apparently has some other object in view than that of informing the
public of the true state of affairs in the Fortress. It is not my
intention to join issue with him in the columns of a daily paper, but
if such evidence is believed, without proper inquiries being made
of those who had to do with these matters, a false impression will
be gained. At the Council of War convened by General Stössel on the
afternoon of December 29, 1904, at which twenty-five commanders and
officers were present, some members expressed the opinion that the
defence could not be continued, basing their arguments on the absence
of necessary artillery stores. At the time I protested against the
matter being represented in such a wrong light, and I did not conceal
my surprise that members should dare to assert things in my presence
of which they apparently either had no knowledge or which they were
purposely perverting. I based my statement on figures which I had in
my hand at the time, and I insisted on my opinion, which was entirely
opposed to that which had just been expressed. I pointed out that, in
regard to artillery stores, the Fortress had a sufficient quantity
for the struggle, and was in a state to be able to repulse another
two assaults--perhaps more--and that if there were also sufficient
food-supplies, then, in my opinion, the defence ought to be continued
till they were exhausted. No one attempted to contradict me. On the
contrary, I was supported by all the artillerymen, by my senior
assistants at the Council (Irman, Mekhmandaroff), and by the Intendant
of the Fortress, and a general conclusion was come to that the defence
was to be continued, a portion of the defence line alone being
reduced....
'During the last days, up to January 1, when we were informed that
a proposal for surrender had been sent to the enemy, things were in
much the same state, especially with regard to munitions of war. If
we look at the figures, we find that there were, counting the naval
reserves, as many as 180,000 shells. Of these there were about 1,000
rounds of 9-inch, bigger calibre, and howitzer; 6,800 rounds of 6-inch
and forty-two line. Of light and 57-millimetre coast quick-firing (put
ashore) there were 1,800. Of 57-millimetre, about 2,000. Of 75, 57,
47, and 37 millimetre (for the naval guns mounted on the batteries)
there were about 150,000. For 3-inch quick-firing field artillery,
about 4,000. In round numbers, not counting the 3-inch quick-firing
field-guns, there were about 14,000 rounds of shrapnel and 10,000
rounds of common.
'Although the guns were less in number and worse in condition than
they had been, yet they were quite serviceable. The casting of shell
for 6-inch and 42-line guns, the preparation of fuses, of pyroxyline
shells, and the fusing of shell, were in full swing; we were turning
out 100 shells a day, and hoped to do more.
'I consider generally that the tales in the papers about the deficiency
of shrapnel, the unserviceability of the shells and guns, of the lack
of fuses, etc., are exaggerations, told on purpose to put things in a
light to justify the defence being cut short. The question of surrender
was one for the decision of the highest authorities, but I imagine
they did not lack for irrelevant and incorrect reports. The papers
can, of course, say what they like, but at a formal investigation
official reports and more responsible and competent evidence will, it
is hoped, be taken, and not that of those who allow themselves to be
interviewed....
'To get at the true position of affairs as regards the artillery in
Port Arthur, it is not sufficient to look merely at figures; it is
necessary to understand them. In this respect General Reuss is quite
at sea, and it would have been better if he had not meddled with that
of which he knows nothing and understands less. It is true that the
want of powder, quick-firing fuses, and range-finders was felt; that
naval shells were spoilt and had to be remade; that naval common shell
burst badly, etc.; but steps were taken to cope with all this, and the
artillery service did splendid work....'
Garrison.
As regards the garrison of the Fortress, General Smirnoff, its
Commandant, gives the following details:
'The strength of our troops on the day of the surrender was as follows:
'On the defences of the Fortress:
'Bayonets (infantry and sailors) 12,500
'Artillery 5,000
'Engineers 500
'Non-combatants in army 1,000
------
'Total 19,000'
There were 15,000 sick and wounded in the permanent, 5,500 in the
extemporized hospitals. Total, 20,500 sick. As 24,000 men marched to
the village of Chilindzui as prisoners, 5,000 of these must have been
able to walk.
This led to a curious contretemps, for in the terms of surrender it
had been stipulated that not more than 9,000 men would march out. The
Japanese had accordingly made arrangements to handle and ration that
number, and were quite nonplussed when they found that the 9,000 had
increased to 24,000. While they were making the necessary arrangements
to deal with these 15,000 extra mouths the exodus was stopped, and
Smirnoff spent these last three days in his old quarters.
[Illustration: THE FORTRESS OF PORT ARTHUR]
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 54: In addition to this, 422,000 pounds of flour and
1,201,600 pounds which arrived in the _King Arthur_ are still in hand.]
INDEX
Aide-de-Camp to the Czar, Stössel and Semenoff appointed, 181
Ammunition, small arm, deficient, 4;
blank, fired from big guns, 7;
runs short at Battle of Kinchou, 72;
estimate of expenditure of (up to September 21), 196;
waste of, 201, 219;
amount available (December 8), 271;
list of guns (on outbreak of war), 369
Angle Hills, 106, 135;
Japanese attack repulsed, 158;
loss of, 166;
anger of Smirnoff, 166
Armament of the Fortress, 369 (Appendix II.);
list of guns, authorized and actual, 369;
allotment (in sections) of guns, 369
Artillery, Kwantun Fortress, report on the, by Major-General Biely, 364
(Appendix II.)
Artillerymen, Russian, endurance of, 64
_Askold_, the, 153
Assaults, the great August, 183;
of October 30, 119, 220;
repulsed, 221;
of November 24, 239
Attack of blockers fails (March 25), 29;
on Green Hills (July 26), 113 _et seq._;
of August 19, 164;
and subsequent days, 183
B Battery, storming of, 220;
state of, 230;
assault of, November 24, 239
_Bayan_, the, in action of April 12, 34;
sinking of, 256
Bazilevsky, General, 194
Biely, General, 1, 29, 175, 199;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 307;
his report (after the war), 364
Big Eagle's Nest, storming of, 322;
loss of, 324
_Boevoy_, the, loss of, 110
Bogdanovitch, his absurd congratulations to Stössel, 18
Bombardment (naval) of February 9, 7;
March 10, 21;
April 15, 36;
October, 26 to 29, 219, 220, 221
(land), fears of, 105;
commences August 7, 140;
system of, 148
Bomb-proofs constructed by inhabitants, 105;
Stössel discourages, 106
Borodatoff, Lieutenant, death of, 110
_Boyarin_, the, 6
Butusoff, Colonel, in the defence of Green Hills (July 26), 117, 119;
in the defence of 203 Metre Hill, 253;
death of, 254
Capitulation signed, 332;
its effect, 332, 333
'Caponier,' meaning of, xi (Preface)
Cattle allowed to be driven away, 40
Censorship of letters, 91;
of press, 148, 163, 189
_Cesarevitch_, the, 96, 97, 153
Chinese make military roads, 24
Chinese Wall, the, x (Preface), 366 (Appendix II.)
Chi-kuan-shan Fort (Fort No. 2), bloody assault on (August 23),
repulsed, 183;
Japanese sap towards, 202, 210, 211, 213;
mining operations, 210, 214, 215, 216;
Smirnoff's inspection of the gallery, 217;
fires the camouflet counter-mine, 217;
Fock's memorandum on the surrender of, 347 _et seq._
Chkheydsey's battery, 113, 119, 120
Civilians attempt to leave Port Arthur, 140
Confidence increases under Smirnoff, 26
Confusion on outbreak of war, 4
Coolies, Chinese, desert, 25
Council of Defence (see Defence)
Dalny, confusion at, 45, 49;
docks and quays not destroyed, 49, 82;
abandonment of the town, 81;
retreat of the inhabitants, 82;
effect of Stössel's action, 83, 89
Danger Hill, look-out station on, 164
Darkness in Port Arthur, 8
Defence, Council of, protests against surrender, 18;
meeting of December 8, 265;
Smirnoff's opinion at, 266;
Fock's arguments, 268;
final meeting (December 29), 303
Defences, general description, x (Preface);
neglect of, 18;
grave defects in the original scheme of, 313;
Kuropatkin's modifications, 373
_Diana_, the, 153
Diplomacy, failure of Russian, 3
Drunkards, flogging of, 11
Drunkenness, 158
Egoroff's battery at Battle of Kinchou, 63
Electric Cliff, 7
Endrjievsky, Lieutenant, Stössel's treatment of, 192
Engineer officers--some did good work, 162;
others did not, 164;
responsibility of, for loss of life, 164;
inactivity and inefficiency of, 194.
See also Sappers
England, Russian attitude towards (before the war), 226
Erh-lung-shan Fort, bombardment of (September 28), 201;
assault of October 30 fails, 223;
state of, 230;
assault of November 24, 239;
anxiety about (December 15), 274;
assault of December 18, 285;
abandonment of, 288;
Fock responsible for, 288;
his disclaimer, 289;
Smirnoff's message to Kuropatkin, 290;
effect of its fall on the garrison, 310
Fleet, Russian, sortie of June 22, 96;
disappointing result, 101;
sortie of August 10, 152;
its failure, 153;
state of (after August 10), 262;
retrospect of position of, 258-264
Fleet, Japanese, opens fire, 6
Flogging of drunkards, 11
Flug, General, 6
Fock, General: his influence over Stössel, 13;
his opinion of Japanese troops, 13;
his neglect to fortify Kinchou, 37;
his blunders at Shanshihlipu, 55;
his behaviour at the Battle of Kinchou, 71;
his idea of fortification, 106;
his message as to retirement from Green Hills, 122;
his behaviour there, 127;
occupies Wolf's Hills, 129;
delays sending reinforcements on August 21, 167;
Smirnoff threatens to remove him, 169;
removes him from his command, 171;
his memorandum of November 3, 227;
its effect, 229;
urges retirement from 203 Metre Hill, 247;
appointed to succeed Kondratenko, 280;
reduces garrisons of the works, 283;
'the General of Retreats,' 285;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304, 306, 307;
orders Gorbatovsky to carry out abandonment of third position, 330;
his memorandum on
the surrender of Chi-kuan-shan (Fort No. 2), 347 _et seq._ (Appendix I.)
Food, insufficiency of, 46
Foreigners, visit of the two, 202 _et seq._;
its result, 207
Fort No. 5, bombardment of, 197
Fort No. 6, construction of, 134
Fortification No. 3, assault on, 220;
its fall, 310, 311;
Fock's order to evacuate it, 310
Fortifications (of Port Arthur), dilatoriness in constructing the, 24;
defects in scheme of, 313
Froloff, Lieutenant-General, opinion of Council of Defence, 265
Frontier Guards, the, not made use of, 48;
in the defence of Green Hills, 117
_Fuji_, the, damaged by mines, 51
Garrison, its false sense of security, 13;
takes to robbery, 22;
mobilization of, 374
German Emperor's letter to his naval attachés, 161
Gilgenheim, Captain, German naval attaché, murder of, 161
_Giliak_, gunboat, as look-out, 26;
in action of May 2, 41
Golden Hill, 7;
opens fire on Ta-ku-shan, 142;
11-inch howitzers on, 165;
premature bursts of iron shells, 165, 176
Gorbatovsky, General, 1;
his energy, 163;
Fock accuses him falsely, 171;
at assault of Kikwanshan Fort, 300 _et seq._;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
decides to hold second line of defence, 312
Green Hills, value of, for defence, 88;
loss of, 93;
recovered, 94;
fortifying of, 107;
battle of July 26, 113 _et seq._
Griaznoff, Colonel, at last Council of Defence, 304
Grigorenko, Colonel, Officer Commanding Fortress Engineers, 29;
at the last meeting of the Council of Defence, 304, 306
Grigorovitch, Admiral, 1;
his proposals opposed by Witgeft, 151;
his work, 199
Guns of Fortress fail to co-operate in defence of Wolf's Hills, 132;
list of, 375 _et seq._
---- naval, use of, 201, 366 (Appendix II.);
list of, 381 _et seq._ (Appendix III.)
Gurko, Lieutenant-Colonel, sent to Kuropatkin from Stössel, 173
Hammer, Lieutenant, Aide-de-Camp to Smirnoff, 168
Handurin, Lieutenant-Colonel, at last Council of Defence, 304
_Hatsuse_, Japanese battleship, destroyed by mines, 50
Hill 113, key of the Suantsegan position, 126
Hill, 203 Metre. See Metre
Hospital, shell falls into, 253;
organization in the Fortress, 315;
deficiency of accommodation, 316;
state of the (in December), 317
Howitzers (11-inch) on Golden Hill, premature bursting of shells, 165;
use of generally, 367 (Appendix II.)
Investment begun, 156
Intelligence Services (Russian), badness of, 90, 92
---- (Japanese), 92
Irman, Colonel, his gallantry at 203 Metre Hill, 253;
present at the last meeting of the Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 306
_Itsukushima_, the, damaged by mine, 186
Japanese nation, dissatisfaction of, at slow progress of siege, 177;
action of Mikado's Government, 177;
views of, before the war, 224
---- officers in disguise in the Fortress, 9
---- troops held in contempt at first, 12;
ignorance of Russian army about, 13
Jerebtsoff, Colonel, commanding Sapper Company, 294;
ordered to do the impossible, 295;
his energy and gallantry, 297;
unrewarded, 298
Karseladse, Prince, his telegram to Bogdanovitch, 19
Khvostoff, Chief of Fortress Staff, 5;
arrives with Smirnoff, 23;
his work, 29, 199;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304
Kinchou, importance of, 8;
realized by Smirnoff, 28, 37;
Tretiakoff's efforts to fortify, 37, 47, 56;
the confusion at, 58;
battle of (commencement), 61 _et seq._;
(continuation), 67 _et seq._;
Fock's behaviour during the battle, 71
Kondratenko, General, 1, 18;
Smirnoff's personal assistant, 23;
his share in fortifying and arming the Fortress, 25, 29, 87;
overruled by Fock, 108;
on resisting an attack on Green Hills, 111;
his anger with Fock, 112;
at the attack on the Green Hills on July 26, 114;
prevents deadlock between Stössel and Smirnoff, 199;
persuades Stössel as to Fock's uselessness, 199;
at the meeting of Council of Defence (December 8), 268;
his last evening, 275;
his death, 276
Kuen-san Hill, 89;
abandoned, 93;
attempt to recapture fails, 94;
results of the loss of, 104;
commands the Green Hills, 108
Kuropatkin orders Stössel to hand over command to Smirnoff, 174;
inspection of the Fortress, 195, 364;
his telegram as to relieving the Fortress, 209;
refers to St. Petersburg as to recall of Stössel, 209;
result, 210;
informs Smirnoff of Stössel's official deceit, 282
---- Lunette, 230
Kuteynikoff, engineer, repairs the ships, 22
Lao-tieh-shan Hill, 7;
guns mounted on, 22;
rapidly fortified after Smirnoff's arrival, 26;
Fock and Smirnoff disagree as to strengthening (in December), 269
Laperoff, Colonel, at Battle of Kinchou, 68, 73
Letters, censorship of, 91
Liao-yang, the retirement from, 231
_Lieutenant Burakoff_, the, loss of, 110
Long Hill, Japanese attacks on (September 20), 195
Lopatin, Captain, sacrificed to save Fock, 93
Loschinsky, Admiral, 1;
mines the shores, 14;
draws up a scheme for mining Port Arthur waters, 20, 36;
defeats attempt to block the entrance to the harbour, 41 _et seq._;
urges Witgeft to capture the damaged _Fugi_, 51;
appointed to command, 187;
at the last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 307
Machabelly, Prince, retakes Pan-lun-shan Redoubt, 167;
circumstances of his death, 167
Mackalinsky, Prince, intermediary between Fortress Staff and navy, 148
Makharoff, Vice-Admiral, arrival of, to command the fleet, 20;
his death, 35;
his attitude towards England, 226
Malaieff, Lieutenant, heroism of, 23;
his death, 34
_Manchuria_, the, capture of, 20
Medical organization of the Fortress, 315;
neglect to equip hospitals, 316
Mekhmanaroff, Colonel, present at last meeting of Council of
Defence, 304;
his opinion, 306, 307
Menshoff, M., appointed Hospital Inspector, 318
Metre (203) Hill, 106;
its great value, 106, 135, 156;
state of, 157;
furious attacks on (September 20), 195;
assault of (September 21), 196;
fight for, 243 _et seq._;
Nogi determines to take it, 243;
Stössel's apathy, 244;
calls a conference and proposes retirement, 246;
defence of, by Colonel Tretiakoff, 248;
bombardment renewed (December 2), 250;
truce to bury dead, 251;
occupied by Japanese, 255;
Kondratenko's mistake, 256;
retirement of Russians, 257;
effect of loss on the fleet, 260
Mickeladsey, Prince, in charge of police gendarmes, 38
Mine-layers (Japanese), the work of, 32, 38
Mines, land, 198
Mining (siege operations), 210, 213, 214, 215, 216
Mobilization scheme for Fortress, want of, 194;
of reserves, 374
_Mongolia_, the, hospital ship, 193
Mount Samson, 62, 64
Munitions of war, report of General Biely, 386 (Appendix IV.)
Murman, Colonel, Stössel's treatment of, 223
Nadein, General, at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 307
Nakamura, General, his order for assault of November 24, 240
Nangalin Heights, value of, 88;
armed by the Japanese, 234
---- railway-station, 76
Nan-shan, Battle of. See Kinchou
Naval engagement of February 25, 17;
of March 22, 27
---- guns mounted in the forts, 201, 262, 366 (Appendix II.)
---- officers (Russian) want of training, 59;
their differences with the army, 59;
inefficiency of, 97, 154
Navy, Russian, want of reforms in, 153
Negotiations with Japan fail, 3
Nekrashevitch-Poklad, Lieutenant-Colonel, at last Council of Defence, 304
Newspaper censorship, 148, 163, 189
Nickitin, General: his duties, 226;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 307
Nogi concentrates two divisions to take Chi-kuan-shan Fort, B Battery,
and Eagle's Nest, 183;
fails to carry the position, 184;
directed to capture Port Arthur at any cost, 236
Nojine, M. (the author): his treatment by Stössel, vii (Preface)
_Novik_, the, 4, 59, 153, 262
_Novy Kry_ newspaper objects to publish Stössel's order of March 17, 23;
publishes scurrilous allegory,
102;
censorship of, 148, 163;
publication stopped for a month, 189
Nurses' opinion of the war compared with the Boer War, 194
Officers (Russian) kept in ignorance of the topography of the
Fortress, 8;
their lack of care for their men, 126
Old Town, defences of, 8
Order of St. George, Third Class, bestowed on Stössel, 187, 188
Orphan Hill, Japanese attack on, repulsed, 157
_Otvajny_, gunboat, as look-out, 26, 42
Oyama, Field-Marshal, joins the besieging army (November), 236
_Pallada_, the, 96, 97;
destruction of, 259
Pan-lun-shan Redoubt, Japanese capture, 166;
retaken with great loss, 167;
shelled on September 20, 195
_Petropalovsk_, the, blown up by mines, 35
Petrusha, Colonel, authorized to arrest anyone, 12;
at last Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 305
Petsivo, Japanese land at, 44
_Pobieda_, the, injured by mines, 35, 96;
sinking of, 259
_Poltava_, the, sinking of, 259
Port Arthur, dilatoriness in constructing defences of, 24;
cut off, 45;
invested, 156;
want of mobilization scheme for the Fortress, 194
Press censorship, 148
Proclamation left about by Japanese, 110
Quail Hill, 7, 259
Rafalovitch, Lieutenant, at 203 Metre Hill, 253
Raschevsky, Colonel: attack on his battery (August 23), 175;
his opinion of Stössel and Semenoff, 181;
his report of the expenditure of men and ammunition
(to September 21), 197;
his opinion of Fock's trench work, 200;
extracts from his diary of the siege, 207, 209-211, 213, 214, 215,
223, 230, 233, 234, 238;
his energy, 233;
his death, 277
Radetsky, Colonel, at Kinchou, 65
Redoubts Nos. 1 and 2, desperate assaults on, 176, 179;
finally captured, 182;
strengthened by Japanese, 186
Retirement from Green Hills, 122 _et seq._
Retreat from Kinchou to Port Arthur, 76 _et seq._
_Retvisan_, the, damaged, 5;
floated off the shoal, 20;
sinking of, 259
Reuss, Colonel: at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
appointed to conduct capitulation, 332;
the terms agreed to, 332
Rewards for the garrison announced, 187;
treatment of private soldiers, 297
Russian army: its ignorance of Japan, 13
---- attitude towards England before the war, 226
---- fleet driven in on February 25, 17
Rocky ridge, attack on, repulsed, 312;
Fock orders its abandonment, 312
Sadikoff, Lieutenant, and his bullock battery, 55
Savitsky, Colonel, at last Council of Defence, 304
Sanshilipu occupied by Japanese, 49;
General Fock's blunders at, 55
Schwartz, Captain, succeeds Rachevsky, 280;
continues his diary, 283
Scurvy, 271, 317, 319, 320;
neglect of preventive measures, 321
Searchlights, Japanese, during siege, 172;
Russian withdrawal to Kinchou from, 56
Sebastopol, comparison of Port Arthur with, 113
Selinen, Colonel, deprived of his command, 19
Second line of fortifications, retirement to (January 1), 312;
its works, 313
Semenoff, Colonel: conversation with Kondratenko, 111;
at the attack on the Green Hills, 113;
appointed Aide-de-Camp to the Czar, 181;
at last Council of Defence, 304
_Sevastopol_, the, 99, 262;
destroyed on surrender of Fortress, 328
Shell, 11-inch, introduction of, 206;
some effects of, 230
Shaopingtao, Japanese advance from, 92
Sia-gu-shan Hills, importance of holding, 88, 92;
condition of, 139;
loss of, 142
Sickness breaks out, 230
Siege, progress of the (last days of August), 179;
Raschevsky's diary, 207, 209, 210, 211, 214, 215
Signallers from the hills to be shot, 15
Signal Hill recaptured, 207;
final fight at (January 2), 330
Sappers: deficiency of officers and men, 293;
ignorance of Stössel and his staff as to the capabilities of, 294, 295;
neglected in rewards, 296
Sapper Company, the Kwantun, 293
Skridloff's battery, 113, 119, 120
Smirnoff, Lieutenant-General, 1;
is chosen to supersede Stössel, 7;
organizes Fortress Gendarmerie, 9;
protests against surrender, 18;
arrival at Port Arthur (March 17), 23;
horrified at the want of preparation, 24;
orders Kinchou to be fortified without delay, 28;
his energy, 29, 30;
is overruled by Stössel, 86;
persuades the Council to occupy the outer position, 88;
fails to assert his authority over Stössel as Commandant of the
Fortress, 137;
attempts to retake Ta-ku-shan, 145, 155;
drafts reply to proposal of surrender, 159;
his coolness and courage during the attack of August 21, 170;
his message to Kuropatkin about the district command, 173;
his quarters shelled, 208;
inspects the mine galleries and fires the camouflet, 217;
attacked by Fock in the memorandum of November 3, 227;
refused money to pay labourers, 235;
speech to Council of Defence (December 8), 267 _et seq._;
action on the death of Kondratenko, 277 _et seq._;
his message to Kuropatkin as to Stössel's behaviour, 291;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
his speech, 307, 308;
telegram to Kuropatkin, protesting against surrender, 331;
his report of strength of garrison on the day of surrender, 388
Solomonoff's battery at Battle of Kinchou, 68
Sortie of fleet (June 22), 96
Spy, a Japanese, 335
Staff, disorganization of the Fortress, 5
_Steresguschy_, loss of the, 21
Stössel, General: his demeanour on February 9, 6;
Viceroy decides to supersede him, 7;
neglects to remove families, 8;
wastes time constructing inner wall, 8;
mismanages supplies, 9, 10, 91;
allows rowdyism, 10;
permits Chief of Police to flog drunkards, 11, 12;
influenced by General Fock, 13;
his 'signalling' fears, 14;
freely criticized in the restaurants, 15;
publishes 'no retreat' order (February 28), 17;
'a fighting infantry General,' 19;
admits his ignorance of fortress warfare, 19;
his farewell order of March 17, 23;
ordered to remain in command of the land defences in the Kuan-tun
district, 29;
his extraordinary orders, 47, 48, 49, 61;
derides the Naval Commander, 60;
his behaviour during Battle of Kinchou, 70;
sows dissension between the fleet and the army, 101;
his greeting to the 5th Regiment after the battle, 84;
his decision to take the command of the Fortress out of Smirnoff's
hands, 86;
inspects the advanced position, 108;
supports Fock against Kondratenko, 109;
his account of the evacuation of Wolf's Hills, 133;
ordered by Kuropatkin to leave Port Arthur, 133, 173;
remains in Port Arthur, 136;
on the Japanese proposal of surrender, 161;
his action on receiving Kuropatkin's orders to hand over to
Smirnoff, 174;
his false telegrams to the Czar, 175;
denounces the author as a Japanese spy, 180;
the author's telegrams to St. Petersburg, 180;
appointed Aide-de-Camp to the Czar, 181;
prevents a sortie in force, 182;
promoted to the Order of St. George, 187;
his censorship of the _Novi Kry_ newspaper, 189;
his treatment of Lieutenant Endrjievsky, 192;
his ignorance of fortress mobilization schemes, 195;
his interference with Smirnoff, 199;
his action with regard to the two newspaper correspondents, 204;
and district order on the subject, 205;
his quarters shelled, 208;
orders Fortress to be mined in case of surrender, 218;
wastes ammunition in order to justify capitulation, 219;
orders work on the inner lines of defence to cease, 234;
refuses money to pay labourers, 235;
calls conference on retirement from 203 Metre Hill, 246;
orders to Admiral on loss of 203 Metre Hill, 260;
opinion on the minutes of Council of Defence (December 8), 272;
attempts to isolate Smirnoff, 273;
appoints Fock to succeed Kondratenko, 280;
at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304, 309;
his ignorance about the lines of defence, 312;
despatches a _parlementaire_ to negotiate surrender, 325;
his behaviour after the surrender, 334
_Strashny_ (Russian destroyer), sinking of the, 34
Subotin, Sanitary Inspector, 317, 319
Supplies begin to run short, 233;
horse-flesh proposed, 270;
amount available on December 8, 271;
on December 31, 385
Supply branch, mismanagement of, 9, 38, 40, 46, 90
Suicides begin to occur, 207
Surrender suggested by Nogi, 159;
discussed among Stössel's staff, 218;
_parlementaire_ dispatched to negotiate, 325;
effect of the news, 326, 332
Tafashin Heights, 75
Ta-ku-shan Hills, importance of, 88, 92;
position of, 123, 139;
loss of, 142;
attempt to recapture, 144;
failure of, 147;
second attempt fails, 155;
omission of Velichko to fortify, 217;
effect, 238
Telegraphy, wireless, not used, 157
Telephones (Russian), quite unreliable, 14, 145;
use of, by the Japanese, 104;
delay in working, 197
Temple Redoubt, 107, 108, 192;
renewed attacks on, 195;
capture of, 195
Trenches, Russian, defects of, 200
Tretiakoff, Colonel: his efforts to fortify Kinchou, 37, 47, 56;
at Battle of Kinchou, 69, 71;
applies to Fock for reinforcements, and is refused, 72;
his heroism in holding 203 Metre Hill, 248
Truce, to find wounded, after November 24, 241
Unreadiness of Russia, 4
Urasovsky, Captain, death of, 33
Velichko on the importance of holding the advanced position, 135;
his omission to fortify Ta-ku-shan, 217
Vershinin, Colonel, Chief Commissary, 9;
opposes Stössel's orders, 11
Veselovsky, Lieutenant, death of, at 203 Metre Hill, 253
Viceroy, the (Admiral Alexeieff), orders on outbreak of war, 6;
decides to remove Stössel, 7;
orders as to removal of all families neglected, 8;
arrives and assumes command of fleet (April 14), 36, 41;
leaves for Mukden, 44;
leaves for St. Petersburg, 231
Vladivostock, question of the fleet forcing its way to, 187;
attempt of August 10, 152
War material, insufficiency of, 38
Water, source of supply, 196
'Water-supply' Redoubt, 106;
Japanese efforts to capture, 166, 186, 192;
its value, 192;
renewed Japanese attacks on, 195
White flag sent out (January 1), 324
Wiren, Admiral, 1;
to command battleships and endeavour to reach Vladivostock, 187;
present at last meeting of Council of Defence, 304;
his opinion, 307;
receives news of surrender, 326;
orders ships to be disabled (January 1), 327
Witgeft, Rear-Admiral, takes over command of fleet, 44;
his lack of decision, 51;
his incompetence, 59;
his conferences as to fleet breaking out to sea, 150;
opposes Loschinsky's proposals, 131;
death of, 153
Wolf's Hills, importance of holding, 88, 92;
Fock's division to occupy, 129;
loss of (July 29), 131
Wounded, treatment of the, during retreat from Kinchou, 73 _et seq._;
none found after assault of November 24, 242
Yalu, news of the Battle of, 37
Yamoaka, Major, bearer of message about surrender, 160
_Zabiyak_, the, sinking of, 260
Zaredoubt Battery, attack on (August 23), 175
Zedgenidsey, General, death of, 277
Zeitz, Captain, in command at Golden Hill, 142
THE END
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End of Project Gutenberg's The Truth About Port Arthur, by E.K. Nozhin