DEATH OF PRINCE MACHABELLY--ALL-ROUND FIGHTING
I continued daily to send my 'News' to the _Novy Kry_, but the
strictness of the censors deprived it of all interest and sometimes of
its accuracy. For instance, on August 17, my article stated that work
was being rapidly hurried on all along the defences. This was by no
means the case everywhere, for the engineers, spoilt by six years of
doing nothing or of only constructing private buildings, neglected the
important mobilization works. There were exceptions, for some of the
engineer officers did really good work, but the majority did nothing.
Then again, as regards the quality of the food which I had praised in
my article--it was eatable, but far from nutritious, and the siege
had only just begun. Again, I mentioned General Gorbatovsky; but I
did not venture to say that this officer, who was always to be found
in the section of the defences under his command, never rested, or
that he spent day after day on the fortified positions, where by his
presence and cheerfulness he inspired the men with confidence. Though
the men were cheerful, I had not dared to say that they were physically
incapable, and weedy, which was the truth. I did not mention that when
officers begged for timber, planks, iron, or material for building
bomb-proofs the engineers replied that they had no transport, or else
refused the requests of the 'small fry.' Neither could I hint that the
only way in which General Smirnoff could make these lazy engineers
work was by personally going round and seeing how his orders were being
executed.
Many and many a life lies at the door of the engineer officers in
Arthur. If St. Petersburg be held responsible for the mistake of
cutting down the perimeter of the defences of Port Arthur, the
engineers, of whom some left for Russia at the first shot and others
were criminally idle, will also have to answer for much. If they had
worked hard and conscientiously while the place was in our possession
the mistakes committed at St. Petersburg would not have had such dire
consequences.
On the 18th there was a lull--an absolute cessation of firing--all
day. This was so unusual that it seemed ominous of something worse to
follow, and we were filled with forebodings. Indeed, the hospitals,
in which the first hints of an approaching assault were usually to be
found, were preparing to meet the expected demands of the next few
hours. I accompanied General Smirnoff on his afternoon inspection.
Having gone round many works and said a cheery word to all he met, he
went up on to Danger Hill and we climbed into the look-out station.[17]
The sun had already sunk below Liao-tieh-shan, but from the top of the
hill we could see everything quite distinctly. After last instructions
with regard to the concentration, etc., of the troops on the north-east
front we silently made our way back to Arthur, all of us feeling
impressed with the uncertainty of what might come.
At 5 a.m. on August 19 the enemy opened fire from all their batteries
on our works, particularly on those of the west and eastern fronts.
Gradually increasing their fire, they made a determined attack on
the foot-hills of Angle Hill. At 7 a.m. this was repulsed, and then
they concentrated their artillery fire chiefly on Angle Hill on the
western front, and on B Battery, Little Eagle's Nest, and others on the
eastern. General Stössel watched the progress of the fight from Fort
No. 1, and General Smirnoff took up his position on Danger Hill, whence
he commanded. At noon the fire slackened, only to be shortly renewed
with increased ferocity. Having prepared the way with artillery, the
Japanese again advanced, but were repulsed everywhere, though they
gained possession of a ravine opposite Water Supply Redoubt, and,
taking advantage of the darkness, lay concealed in an outer ditch, and
fired at some of our outposts. From twilight till morning the town was
bombarded, and at 6 p.m. one of the arsenal buildings was set alight.
I was again with Smirnoff that day, and, amidst all the turmoil and
stress, the thing that disturbed me most was that several shells had
fallen into the hospitals. It was right and proper that our forts
should be shelled, but that the enemy should be able so early in the
siege to fire right into the centre of the Fortress augured ill for the
future. Smirnoff was kept tied to the telephone, and we stayed for some
time at his quarters. As we were sitting on the balcony we heard a shot
fired from Golden Hill. In a few seconds, high up above us, we heard a
noise. It grew louder and louder, then something flashed and struck the
ground in front, scattering mud and gravel over us.
'That's luck; let us go and look at it,' said Smirnoff.
It was half of a prematurely bursting shell from Golden Hill, weighing
some 320 to 360 lb. The iron shells of the 11-inch howitzers on Golden
Hill were so cunningly contrived that most of them burst, not in the
enemy's lines as intended, but over the town and over our own positions.
At 2 p.m. Kondratenko telephoned to say that the trenches below Angle
Hill had been abandoned, and in the evening he came in to report
personally. This was the enemy's only gain that day. Night came, and
the fire was continued all along the line. While we in the town were
kept awake by anxiety and on account of the hideous uproar, how about
the men at the front? Those narrow, deep, advanced trenches, which
wound about like black ribbons on all sides of the Fortress, were full
of men. If we, in the inside, could not sleep, how could these men,
whom a shell might at any instant turn into blood and dust? There they
lay peering ahead and whispering to each other in their unaccustomed
surroundings--tired, strained, and watchful.
The enemy made great efforts during the whole of the night of the 19th
to seize Water Supply Redoubt, and held the parapet till daybreak.
On the 20th there was desperate fighting round Angle Hill and Water
Supply and Pan-lun-shan Redoubts, in which we lost 500 men. At midday
we heard that we had lost Angle Hill. When Kondratenko reported this
personally, Smirnoff was very angry. It appeared that the men had
retired without orders, and had left eight guns of sorts on the hills,
which Kondratenko engaged to try and recapture. At 9 p.m. a series of
unsuccessful attacks were made on Temple Redoubt, and at midnight on
Water Supply and Pan-lun-shan Redoubts, and the enemy got possession
of the north-east corner of the former. At daybreak on the 21st two
companies of Frontier Guards went to the assistance of Water Supply
Redoubt and surprised the enemy, who retired suddenly on their own
reserves. They came under fire from Erh-lung-shan Fort, and left more
than 1,000 dead on the ground.
[Illustration: INSIDE A TRENCH ON THE EASTERN FRONT.]
It was about this time that the enemy wore us down and captured
Pan-lun-shan Redoubt. This redoubt was so important to us that Smirnoff
resolved to retake it at all costs, and its recapture was one of
the bloodiest fights that had yet occurred. Colonel Prince Machabelly
commanded the battalion entrusted with this work, and the redoubt
was taken on the night of the 21st. In the midst of the hand to hand
fighting, when grenades were bursting on all sides, and machine guns
were firing point-blank, the bomb-proofs were set on fire. The place
blazed up like a torch, and our men had to retire to trenches in rear.
The Japanese could not get into it either, and so it became neutral,
Pan-lun-shan Hill remaining in our hands till the fall of 203 Metre
Hill in December.
Prince Machabelly, who was killed in this assault, was the _beau-ideal_
of a soldier, and the circumstances under which he met his death were
sad. He was under a cloud, having been made a scape-goat for the
failure on Wolf's Hills, and having been deprived of the command of his
regiment, the 13th East Siberian Rifles, which he had led with such
gallantry at Kuen-san. In spite of this he led his companies at the
attack of Pan-lun-shan as he had led his battalions on Green Hills; he
won the redoubt for us, and was killed in the attempt.
At daybreak on the 21st I had gone with the Commandant up on to
Danger Hill. The Japanese were pouring in a heavy fire especially
on the north-east front, and General Gorbatovsky, commanding the
eastern portion, asked for reinforcements. The enemy was attacking the
Redoubts, Kuropatkin Lunette, the Chinese wall, and Big Eagle's Nest
in force; the regimental reserves were melting away, and the position
was serious. General Smirnoff telephoned to Fock, commanding the main
reserve, to send up the last unit--the 14th Regiment--at the double,
Fock, however, argued with him. Time was flying, and Gorbatovsky,
losing patience, again begged for support, for each moment was
precious. Smirnoff, appreciating the seriousness of the situation,
repeated his order to Fock, who, to the anger and amazement of the
officers standing round, again raised objections. The Commandant,
usually calm and self-controlled, then lost his temper.
'Lieutenant Hammer,[18] give me the note-book.' He quickly wrote a
message. 'Take this to General Fock and give it to him personally.'
Hammer disappeared. Meanwhile, reports from Gorbatovsky were coming
in, each more alarming than the last. The artillery front had suffered
heavily, and could only reply weakly to the enemy's guns, and the
struggle was being maintained chiefly by the heavy guns of our coast
batteries. Considerable bodies of infantry were seen moving out of the
villages,[19] and it appeared from what we could see that the Japanese
intended to attack, but not till evening. General Gorbatovsky arrived,
and greatly excited, reported that the decisive moment was at hand, the
troops had suffered terribly from the enemy's guns, the infantry were
utterly worn out, and without reinforcements the attack could not be
repulsed! He hadn't slept for several days, and had been continually
under a very heavy gun-fire, so that he was overtired and painted
things somewhat blacker than they really were. General Smirnoff, with
his usual _sang-froid_, replied:
'It is not so bad as that. We must, above all, keep calm. You have been
sitting in that hell, and from your immediate surroundings things have
seemed to you worse than they really are. You are not quite yourself.
Take it easy, we'll soon put matters right.'
'Quite so, sir, but things are very alarming. The Japs are getting
possession of the Redoubts, which are in a critical state, and will in
all probability deliver an assault on the centre, which has suffered
so heavily. Big Eagle's Nest and Zaliterny Battery are out of action;
Kuropatkin Lunette is in a critical condition; B Battery has only one
serviceable gun and the Naval Battery is also disabled....'
'I agree,' continued Smirnoff, 'matters are very bad, but I have
already taken the necessary steps. The 14th Regiment, which is in
the main reserve, I have ordered up to the north-east front, to be
échelonned by battalions near Big Eagle's Nest and the Ice-house. In
addition to this I am getting six naval companies (1200 strong), which
I will concentrate at the front in the bomb-proofs of the 9th Regiment.
When night comes on the guns must be repaired; where there are none,
I'll send field-guns from the general reserve, and we will hurl back
the assault. You return now, and at 4 p.m. I will come and give you
detailed orders as to what to do.'
Gorbatovsky departed, and at that moment up came Lieutenant Hammer with
a note for the Commandant. Instead of at once carrying out Smirnoffs
urgent order to move the 14th Regiment up to the north-east front, Fock
had written a whole page in reply, in which he expressed his conviction
of the danger of the move, especially of a concentration near the
Ice-house, which the enemy would doubtless shell! The building was at
the foot of the very hill from which the Commandant had issued this
order; it was in a well-concealed spot, and was not even being fired at.
The Commandant was furious. 'Here, Hammer, write at once to Fock, and
say that if he doesn't immediately carry out my order, I'll remove him
from his command.'
At 1 o'clock the artillery attack began to slacken. The enemy, having
seized two villages[20] began moving towards the redoubts, and the
assault seemed to be near. It should be observed that from the very
first, appreciating the weakness of the north-east front, Smirnoff
had armed it at the cost of the western, having transferred to it the
9-inch howitzers from Wolf's battery, and mounted a number of the
guns received from the fleet. He was convinced that the chief blow
would fall here, and more particularly because directly behind this
front lay, so to speak, the heart of the Fortress (harbour, dock,
commissariat dépôts, chief magazine, mills). Stössel, on the contrary,
had always considered that the west side was the more important.
Having sent off Hammer and given his final orders, Smirnoff turned to
the officers present.
'Gentlemen, the gun-fire is slackening, and the enemy will rest. The
attack won't take place before dark; we can now rest and refresh
ourselves.'
On our way down, we met the 14th Regiment, whom Smirnoff greeted,
telling them that he would see them again in the evening. Later, when
the north-east front was being continually stormed, Smirnoff for a
long time could not find one of the battalions of this regiment, and
wondered how it could have got lost. After exhaustive inquiries, it
turned out that it and the scout company had, with the General's
knowledge, remained in barracks! The General himself had not come with
the regiment (the last one in the reserve), but had remained in his
quarters in the town.
Though a great danger threatened the Fortress that night Smirnoff did
not lose his head, his prophecy as to the course of events being fully
justified. After giving some more orders he asked us all to breakfast.
In the middle of it Stössel turned up in a very agitated state. He
refused refreshment, and said: 'Redoubts Nos. 1 and 2 are being
captured. Both Eagle's Nest and Zaliterny Battery are in ruins, the
adjacent batteries are badly injured, the local reserves are used up,
and the enemy are still pounding us. The losses are enormous. It is
difficult to hold out. What is to be done?'
[Illustration: GENERAL GORBATOVSKY.]
Just then, unannounced, in walked General Fock, and interrupted:
'Your Excellency, Gorbatovsky is a traitor. He is uselessly wasting
the reserves--inviting a slaughter of them by putting them into the
trenches. If he does this we'll have to surrender. He is a traitor,
sir!'
Smirnoff turned to Stössel, and said quietly:
'I do not know that I fully understand. Gorbatovsky's actions do not
quite tally with those of a traitor. For three days and nights he has
been constantly under fire, directing the defence, and by his gallantry
encouraging the men. I will see to the repulse of the attack; the
reserve must be used when necessary.' Then, turning suddenly to Fock:
'And you, sir, it appears, do not intend to obey my orders? To-day,
instead of at once carrying them out, you employed your time writing
replies.... I never give an order twice. Bear that in mind.'
For his action on this day Fock was removed from his command by
Smirnoff, and so, from August 21 right up to December 18, he took no
part in the operations, and employed himself in writing long memoranda
and giving advice to Stössel.
In the early hours of August 22 the enemy attacked the Redoubts which
were held by the naval detachment, and all day long heavy fighting
continued round Long Hill, between it and Divisional Hill, round Jagged
Hill, and Redoubts Nos. 1 and 2. Redoubt No. 1 changed hands four times
during the course of the day, and remained in the enemy's hands, as
did No. 2. The Japanese cunningly managed to transfer their field-guns
through the kiaoling to the east side, whilst they kept the garrison of
Jagged Hill under cover by their heavy shell-fire.
At daybreak on the 23rd all was silence. The enemy had abandoned No. 1
Redoubt, and were retiring from No. 2, both of which, after five days'
bombardment, had been reduced to a shapeless heap of ruins. At 11 p.m.
that night by moonlight the enemy opened up with two searchlights, one
from behind Ta-ku-shan, the other opposite Chi-kuan-shan Fort, and,
lighting up our parties who were searching for wounded, kept on firing
on them--so much so that after a few hours our humane efforts had to be
stopped.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 17: It was from here that he proposed to command during the
assault. Colonel Raschevsky had as far as possible adapted it for this,
and had connected it by telephone to the Fortress Staff Office.]
[Footnote 18: General Smirnoff's A.D.C.]
[Footnote 19: Dapalidjuan, Lierre, and Wanziatenzy.]
[Footnote 20: Fudziafan and Dapalidjuan.]