attacks Isaac ben Sheshet, =4=, 199.
first Spanish-Jewish rabbi to take pay, =4=, 199-200.
polemics by, =4=, 238.
and the conversion of the Jews of Palma, =4=, 247.
=Simon ben Zoma=, theosophist teacher of the Law, =2=, 358, 381.
=Simon, son of Boëthus=, father-in-law of Herod, high priest, =2=,
107.
founder of the Boëthusans, =2=, 108.
=Simon, son of Dositheus=, ambassador to Rome, =2=, 4-5.
=Simon, son of Judah I=, Chacham, =2=, 466.
=Simon, son of Judas= the Galilean, leader of an insurrection, =2=,
199.
crucified, =2=, 199.
=Simon Duran I.= _See_ Simon ben Zemach Duran.
=Simon Duran II= (1439-1510), rabbi of Algiers, protector of the
Spanish exiles, =4=, 390-1.
=Simon Episcopius=, chief of the Arminians, and Manasseh ben
Israel, =5=, 22.
=Simon Hasmonai=, grandfather of Mattathias the Hasmonæan, =1=, 459.
=Simon Kara=, compiler of the Yalkut, =3=, 346.
=Simon Kephas.= _See_ Peter, apostle.
=Simon Maimi=, chief rabbi of Portugal, martyrdom of, =4=, 380.
family of, martyrs, =4=, 380, 381.
=Simon Stylites=, ascetic, rebukes Theodosius II, =2=, 621-2.
=Simon Tharsi=, son of Mattathias, the Hasmonæan, =1=, 459.
chosen as counselor to succeed his father, =1=, 461.
rescues the Galilean Judæans, =1=, 475.
leader of the Hasmonæan party, =1=, 489.
strengthens the defenses of Judæa, =1=, 492-3.
forces Bacchides to raise the siege of Bethhagla, =1=, 493.
commander of the Syrian forces on the Mediterranean shores, =1=,
498.
chosen leader of the people, =1=, 500.
prepares to oppose Diodotus Tryphon, =1=, 500.
pays tribute to Tryphon to save his brother’s life, =1=, 501.
sons of, =1=, 520.
makes Judæa independent, =1=, 520.
high priest, =1=, 521.
negotiates with Demetrius II, =1=, 521.
dates the independence of Judæa from the year of first coining
money, =1=, 522.
drives the Hellenists from their strongholds, =1=, 523-4.
takes down the towers of the Acra, =1=, 524-5.
sues for an alliance with Rome, =1=, 525-6.
supreme sovereignty conferred upon, =1=, 526-7.
title of, =1=, 527.
coins money, =1=, 528.
attacked by Antiochus Sidetes, =1=, 528-9.
names his sons as his generals, =1=, 529.
assassination of, =1=, 530.
wife of, imprisoned, =1=, 531.
temporary character of his descendants’ rule, =2=, 143.
=Simon Zarfati=, physician to Pope Julius II, =4=, 408.
=Simon.= _See also_ Simeon.
=Simon, Richard=, Father of the Oratory, clears the Jews of the
charge of child murder, =5=, 175-6.
lays the foundations of Bible exegesis, =5=, 178-9.
attractive style of, =5=, 179.
introduces Rabbinical literature to Christians, =5=, 179.
taught by Jonah Salvador, =5=, 175, 180.
exalts Rabbinical Judaism, =4=, 180.
translates Leo Modena’s “Rites,” =5=, 180.
shows Christianity to be based on Judaism, =5=, 180.
defends the Jews and the Talmud, =5=, 180-1.
recants his praise of the Jews, =5=, 181-2.
ridicules superstitious usages, =5=, 202.
=Simoneta=, cardinal, opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, =4=, 516.
on the commission to examine Paul III’s Inquisition bull, =4=, 520.
=Simonias=, the Jews of, ask Judah I for a teacher of the Law,
=2=, 453-4.
=Simonists=, the, followers of Simon bar Giora, =2=, 301.
=Sin, Original.= _See_ Original Sin.
=Sin=, the theory of, in the Zohar, =4=, 17.
=Sin-offering=, the, for murders, abrogated by Jochanan ben
Zakkai, =2=, 239.
=Sinai=, desert of, Moses in, =1=, 15.
Israelites in, =1=, 20.
=Sinai=, mount, the Israelites at, =1=, 20-1.
=Sinaï=, title of Joseph ben Chiya, =2=, 581.
=Sinaitic revelation=, the, characterized, =1=, 23.
place of sacrifices in, =1=, 24-5.
=Sinhajas=, the, a Berber race, found a kingdom in the south of
Spain, =3=, 256.
unfriendly to the Arabs, =3=, 261.
=Sinjar Shahin-Shah=, Seljuk Sultan, expedition of, against the
Ghuzz, =3=, 434.
assigns a final resting place to the supposed remains of
Daniel, =3=, 435.
=Sinzheim, Joseph David= (1745-1812), compelled to flee from
Strasburg, =5=, 452.
deputy to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 483-4.
character of, =5=, 484.
attainments of, =5=, 484.
rabbi of Strasburg, =5=, 484.
on the commission to answer the twelve questions to the
Notables, =5=, 490.
works out the report of the commission, =5=, 490.
president of the Synhedrion, =5=, 495.
opens the first session of the Synhedrion, =5=, 495.
delivers the closing speech of the Synhedrion, =5=, 497.
member of the French consistory, =5=, 502.
not gifted with the temper of a reformer, =5=, 559.
=Sinzig=, the Jews of, burnt in the thirteenth century, =3=, 611.
=Sippai= of Gath, Philistine champion, =1=, 117.
=Sirach.= _See_ Jesus Sirach.
=Sirach=, grandson of Jesus Sirach, translates Ecclesiasticus into
Greek, =2=, 359.
“=Siraj=,” Maimonides’ Mishna commentary, =3=, 458.
=Sisebut=, Visigothic king, fanaticism of, =3=, 40, 47.
renews Reccared’s anti-Jewish laws, =3=, 48.
orders the Jews to be baptized or banished, =3=, 48.
laws of, repealed by Swintila, =3=, 49.
=Sisenand=, Visigothic king, the Jews under, =3=, 49-50.
=Sisera=, Jabin’s general, defeated by Barak, =1=, 61.
Akiba said to be a descendant of, =2=, 351.
=Sixtus IV=, pope, has Kabbalistic writings translated into Latin,
=4=, 292, 443.
refuses to canonize Simon of Trent, =4=, 299.
authorizes the Inquisition for Marranos, =4=, 311.
appoints four inquisitors, =4=, 312.
censures the cruelty of the Inquisition, =4=, 318-19.
sanctions the Inquisition in Aragon, =4=, 319.
troubled by the opposition to the Inquisition, =4=, 320.
appoints a chief judge of appeals for Marrano cases, =4=, 320.
forbids Marranos to be judges in heresy trials, =4=, 321.
infamy of, =4=, 321.
modifies the rigors of the Inquisition, =4=, 322.
recalls his bull, =4=, 322-3.
appoints Torquemada inquisitor-general for Spain, =4=, 324.
congratulated on his accession by Alfonso V of Portugal, =4=, 340.
=Sixtus V=, pope, removes restrictions from the Jews, =4=, 655-6.
a Talmudic dictionary dedicated to, =4=, 657.
punishes a Christian Shylock, =4=, 657.
permits the reprinting of the Talmud, =4=, 657-8, 659.
death of, =4=, 658.
avarice of, =4=, 658-9.
=Sixtus Senensis=, employed by Paul IV to annoy the Jews, =4=, 581.
urges the burning of the Talmud, =4=, 582.
rescues the Zohar from burning, =4=, 584.
=Skytte=, Swedish royal councilor, projects a university in
Brandenburg, =5=, 174.
=Slave-owners=, Jewish, in Rome, riot against, =3=, 30-1.
=Slave-trade=, the, among the Jews of Italy, =3=, 28-9.
permitted to the Jews of the Frankish empire, =3=, 34.
discussed by the Church Councils, =3=, 40.
under Charlemagne, =3=, 142.
among Spanish Jews, =3=, 229.
among Bohemian Jews, =3=, 305.
_See also_ Christian slaves.
=Slaves=, Judæans sold as, =1=, 227.
enfranchised by Josiah, =1=, 296.
in the time of Ezra, =1=, 376-7.
cease to exist among Judæans, =1=, 393.
treatment of, by Nachman ben Jacob, =2=, 555.
Jews made, by Egica, =3=, 108.
owned by Jews, forbidden to be baptized under Louis the Pious, =3=,
161, 164-5.
Jewish, ransomed by Abrabanel, =4=, 339.
the Spanish exiles as, =4=, 371.
Jews as, among the Knights of Malta, =4=, 656.
_See also_ Christian slaves.
=Slavonia=, the Jews of, proscribed by the Council of Buda, =3=, 614.
=Slavonian countries=, Jews in, in the ninth century, =3=, 144.
=Smith=, member of Parliament, on the Damascus affair, =5=, 656.
=Smyrna=, small Jewish community in, in the fifteenth century, =4=,
406.
enriched by the war between Venice and Turkey, =5=, 119.
Sabbataï Zevi banished from, =5=, 122.
return of Sabbataï Zevi to, =5=, 133-4.
enthusiasm at, for Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 134-5.
Christians at, interested in Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 137.
Sabbataï Zevi leaves, =5=, 145.
prophets at, silenced by Sabbataï’s apostasy, =5=, 157.
Sabbatians at, continue to believe in Sabbataï, =5=, 157.
rabbis of, excommunicate the Sabbatians, =5=, 157, 159.
Sabbatians of, devoted to Sabbataï, =5=, 163.
Sabbatianism at, after Sabbataï’s death, =5=, 207.
Sabbatians in, =5=, 210.
Nehemiah Chayon at, =5=, 216.
the writings of Cardoso burnt at, =5=, 220.
=Soares, João=, Portuguese inquisitor, =4=, 521.
=Sochen=, manager of the court in Judah, chosen from the house of
Nathan, =1=, 249.
power of, under Hezekiah, =1=, 268.
“=Society= for the Culture and Science of the Jews, The,” joined by
Heine, =5=, 547.
founders of, =5=, 551.
limitations of, =5=, 600.
losses caused by, =5=, 602.
members of, in Galicia, =5=, 612.
“=Society= for the Good and the Noble, The,” formed by Mendelssohn’s
disciples, =5=, 403.
“=Society= for the Promotion of Christianity among Jews, The,”
publishes a history of the Jews, =5=, 593.
“=Society= of Friends, The,” formed to oppose the orthodox party,
=5=, 418-19.
motto and symbol of, =5=, 418.
weakness of, =5=, 419.
encourage the Reform movement, =5=, 563.
“=Society= of the Friends of Reform, The,” in Frankfort, innovations
of, =5=, 675.
invite Riesser to join them, =5=, 675.
declare circumcision optional, =5=, 676.
relinquish certain points in their programme, =5=, 676.
=Socinus=, disciple of Michael Servetus in Poland, =4=, 647.
=Socrates=, the sayings of, used by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 267.
=Sodomites=, the, honored by a Gnostic sect, =2=, 375.
=Soem=, gaoler of Mariamne, =2=, 96.
beheaded, =2=, 104.
=Sofer, Moses=, aggressiveness of, =5=, 567.
opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571, 572.
=Sofino, Raphael=, encourages the Sabbatian movement in Italy, =5=,
160.
=Sogane=, taken by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 46.
=Solgat.= _See_ Sulchat.
=Solidarity=, the, of the Jewish race, =2=, 367-8; =5=, 632-3.
=Solis, Pedro de=, commissioner to frame the statute for the
Inquisition, =4=, 312.
=Solms=, the princes of, remove the poll-tax, =5=, 465.
=Solomon=, king of Judah, son of David and Bathsheba, =1=, 133.
succession of, opposed, =1=, 135.
anointed by Nathan and Zadok, =1=, 153.
spares the life of Adonijah, =1=, 154.
characteristics and achievements of, =1=, 156-8.
vision of, at Gibeah, =1=, 158.
wisdom of, =1=, 158.
allegorical poems by, =1=, 158-9.
failings of, =1=, 159.
has Adonijah killed, =1=, 160.
deposes Abiathar, =1=, 160.
executes Shimei, =1=, 160-1.
harem of, =1=, 161.
and Hiram of Tyre, =1=, 162.
royal splendor of, =1=, 162.
division of land by, =1=, 162.
buildings of, =1=, 162-9.
Temple of, =1=, 162-8.
workmen of, =1=, 163, 164.
prayer of, at the dedication of the Temple, =1=, 167.
royal palace of, =1=, 168-9.
alliances of, =1=, 169-70.
fleet of, =1=, 170-1.
opens a route to India, =1=, 170.
has roads built, =1=, 171-2.
officers of, =1=, 172.
prosperity under, =1=, 172.
receives the Queen of Sheba, =1=, 173.
permits idolatry, =1=, 175.
and Jeroboam, =1=, 175-6.
children of, =1=, 177.
death of, =1=, 177.
“Sefer Refuoth” attributed to, =2=, 29.
in Immanuel Romi’s work, =4=, 67.
=Solomon=, brother of Bachiel Ibn-Alkonstantini, Maimunist, =3=, 536.
=Solomon= (761-762), Exilarch, dies without issue, =3=, 128.
=Solomon= (Chasdaï?), made Exilarch by Mahomet Almustafi, =3=,
428, 438.
prevents a persecution of the Jews of the Abbasside Caliphate, =3=,
433.
=Solomon I=, prince of the Cairo Karaites, =3=, 444.
=Solomon=, prince of the Jews of Talmas, =3=, 437.
=Solomon the Egyptian=, physician to Emperor Emanuel, =3=, 425.
=Solomon of Lithuania.= _See_ Maimon, Solomon.
=Solomon (Shlomel) of Moravia=, devotee of the Kabbala, =5=, 55.
=Solomon of Rohatyn=, Frankist, makes a Catholic confession of
faith, =5=, 285.
=Solomon of Tarascon=, obtains the abrogation of the law on Jew
badges, =3=, 612.
=Solomon de Vesoul=, receiver-general of France, =4=, 150.
robbed by a mob, =4=, 151.
=Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier=, Talmudist, disciple of Judah
Sir Leon, =3=, 409.
anti-Maimunist, =3=, 527.
literalness of, =3=, 527-8.
excommunicates the Maimunists, =3=, 528-9.
excommunicated, =3=, 530.
opposed by David Kimchi, =3=, 531.
aided by Nachmani, =3=, 536.
excommunicated by the Jews of Aragon, =3=, 536-7.
renounced by the French rabbis, =3=, 539, 540-1.
refers the Maimunist controversy to the Dominicans, =3=, 542-3.
denounced for inviting Dominican interference, =3=, 543-4.
partisans of, punished, =3=, 544.
imitated by Abba-Mari, =4=, 32.
=Solomon ben Abraham ben Adret= (Rashba, 1245-1310), disciple of
Nachmani, =3=, 609.
character of, =3=, 618-19.
as Talmudist, =3=, 619-20.
as Kabbalist, =3=, 619.
authority of, =3=, 620, 621.
assists Maimonides’ grandson, =3=, 620.
refutes Raymund Martin, =3=, 623.
informed of the condemnation of the Eastern Anti-Maimunists, =3=,
634.
warns the Sicilian congregations against Abraham Abulafia, =4=, 7.
denounces the Messiah of Avila, =4=, 9.
in correspondence with Samuel Sulami, =4=, 26.
invited to oppose Levi of Villefranche, =4=, 28, 29.
appealed to by the Tibbonide party, =4=, 33.
refuses to prohibit the study of science without the co-operation
of twenty congregations, =4=, 34.
pronounces the ban on science, =4=, 38, 39-40.
tries to have the ban accepted beyond his own community, =4=, 40.
attacked by Yedaya Bedaresi, =4=, 42-4.
protests admiration for Maimonides, =4=, 44-5.
in correspondence with Eleazar ben Joseph, =4=, 49.
again interferes in the controversy on the study of science, =4=,
50.
death of, =4=, 51.
has Maimonides’ works translated into Hebrew, =4=, 60.
disciple of, =4=, 74, 147.
=Solomon ben Abraham Parchon=, disciple of Abraham Ibn-Ezra, teaches
Hebrew to the Italians, =3=, 423.
=Solomon ben Abraham Zarfati=, French Talmudist, on the Spanish
rabbis of the fourteenth century, =4=, 144, 162.
=Solomon ben Asher=, letter to, from Abraham Maimuni, =3=, 545.
=Solomon ben Jacob=, physician, translator of Maimonides’ Mishna
commentary, =4=, 60.
=Solomon ben Joseph Ibn-Shoshan=, virtues of, =3=, 384.
=Solomon ben Nathan Ashkenazi=, travels and learning of, =4=, 602-3.
employed as an agent by Mahomet Sokolli, =4=, 603.
brings about the election of Henry of Anjou as king of Poland, =4=,
605.
concludes peace between Turkey and Venice, =4=, 605-6, 608.
honors shown to, in Venice, =4=, 605-6.
secures the position of the Venetian Jews, =4=, 606-7.
supplants Joseph Nassi, =4=, 627.
as a diplomat, =4=, 628-9.
sons of, live in Venice, =4=, 629.
wife of, saves the sultan’s wife, =4=, 630.
supports Stephen Bathori as candidate for the Polish throne, =4=,
642.
=Solomon ben Reuben Bonfed=, poet and satirist, =4=, 182, 230.
=Solomon ben Yerucham= (Ruchaïm, 885-960), defends Karaism against
Saadiah, =3=, 191.
combats the opinions of Chivi Albalchi, =3=, 199.
makes propaganda for Karaism, =3=, 203.
commentaries of, =3=, 206.
hostile to philosophy, =3=, 206.
poetry of, =3=, 223.
=Solomon Ibn-Almuallem.= _See_ Abu Ayub.
=Solomon Ibn-Farussal=, diplomat in the employ of a Christian prince,
=3=, 312-13.
=Solomon Ibn-Gebirol= (Abu Ayub Sulaiman Ibn-Yachya, Avicebron,
1021-1070), eulogizes Haï Gaon, =3=, 253.
protected by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 260, 268.
and Ibn-Janach, =3=, 264.
early life of, =3=, 265.
Hebrew style of, =3=, 266.
immortalizes Yekutiel Ibn-Hassan, =3=, 266.
writes a versified Hebrew grammar, =3=, 267.
writes a work on moral philosophy, =3=, 267-8.
banished from Saragossa, =3=, 268.
philosophy of, =3=, 269-71.
importance of, for European philosophy, =3=, 270.
philosophy of, foreign to Jewish thinkers, =3=, 270.
eulogy of, on Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, =3=, 274.
death of, =3=, 280.
legend about, =3=, 281.
unhappiness of, =3=, 313.
poetic forms developed by, =3=, 317.
compared with Moses Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 319.
works of, translated into Hebrew, =3=, 397.
works of, interdicted by the Church, =3=, 503.
philosophy of, studied by Duns Scotus, =3=, 644.
marks the zenith of neo-Hebraic poetry, =4=, 67.
lyric and didactic poet, =5=, 112.
=Solomon Ibn-Sakbel=, poet, satirical romance by, =3=, 318.
=Solomon Ibn-Verga=, chronicler, =4=, 556.
=Solomon Alami=, on the degeneracy of fourteenth century Jews of
Spain, =4=, 154-5.
describes the misery of Castilian Jews under Juan II, =4=, 204.
=Solomon Alkabez=, poet, companion of Joseph Karo, =4=, 538.
=Solomon Dafiera=, neo-Hebraic poet, =4=, 230.
=Solomon Duran= (1400-1467), rabbi of Algiers, defends the
Talmud, =4=, 238.
son of, =4=, 390.
=Solomon Gracian=, opponent of the study of science, protests
admiration for Maimonides, =4=, 45.
=Solomon Kohen=, disciple of Maimonides, =3=, 461.
=Solomon Levi= of Burgos (Paul Burgensis, or de Santa Maria,
1351-1435), apostate, attainments and character of, =4=, 182-3.
renounced by his family, =4=, 183.
ordained as a Catholic priest, =4=, 183.
in favor with Benedict XIII, =4=, 184.
ecclesiastical offices of, =4=, 184, 190.
propagandist, =4=, 184-5.
satirizes Jewish customs, =4=, 185.
caluminates the Jews, =4=, 185-6.
controversies of, with Jews, =4=, 186-8.
prevails upon David Bonet to remain a Christian, =4=, 188.
privy councilor to Henry III, =4=, 190.
executor of Henry III’s will, =4=, 194.
in the council of regency for Juan II, =4=, 194, 195.
causes the death of Meïr Alguades, =4=, 195, 196.
issues an anti-Jewish edict, =4=, 203-4.
sons of, =4=, 216, 249-50.
propagandist for Christianity, =4=, 231-2.
writes a tract against Judaism, =4=, 233.
leaves the Marranos unconvinced, =4=, 256.
exegetical works of, used by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 342.
=Solomon Lurya= (1510-1573), Polish Talmudist, =4=, 634-7; =5=, 4.
critical ability of, =4=, 634-5.
aggressive nature of, =4=, 635-6.
admiration for, =4=, 636.
efforts of, to establish religious practice, =4=, 636.
as a grammarian, =4=, 637.
reproves Moses Isserles, =4=, 638.
authority of, =4=, 639.
disciples of, =4=, 639.
=Solomon Petit=, anti-Maimunist and Kabbalist, =3=, 626.
threatened with excommunication, =3=, 627.
persuades rabbis of Europe to denounce Maimonides’ writings, =3=,
627.
fails in Italy, =3=, 627-8, 630.
has Maimonides’ writings excommunicated, =3=, 630, 631.
excommunicated by two Exilarchs, =3=, 632.
=Solomon Picho=, rabbi of Sepulveda, =4=, 278.
=Solomon Romano.= _See_ Baptista, John.
=Solomon Yizchaki= (Rashi, 1040-1105), parentage of, =3=, 282, 286.
studies Talmud at Mayence, Worms, and Speyer, =3=, 286.
early fame of, =3=, 286-7.
rabbi of Troyes, =3=, 287.
as teacher, =3=, 288.
clearness of, =3=, 288.
commentaries of, on the Talmud and the Bible, =3=, 288-9.
grammatical knowledge of, =3=, 289.
family of, his disciples, =3=, 289.
daughter of, =3=, 289.
on Kalonymos of Rome, =3=, 290.
protests against the unkind treatment of repentant apostates,
=3=, 308-9.
death of, =3=, 309.
legends about, =3=, 310.
influence of, =3=, 344.
supplements to the Talmud commentary by, =3=, 344.
sons and grandsons of, =3=, 345, 403.
commentary by, on Job completed, =3=, 346.
converted to rational exegesis, =3=, 288, 346.
works of, used by Raymund Martin, =3=, 622.
praised by Nicholas de Lyra, =4=, 185, 442.
exegesis of, praised by Reuchlin, =4=, 442.
commentary of, published in Bomberg’s Bible, =4=, 476.
=Solyman I=, Turkish sultan, informed of the treachery of his
Egyptian viceroy, =4=, 395.
employs a Jewish physician, =4=, 401.
the Jews under, =4=, 402.
espouses the cause of Gracia Mendesia, =4=, 574-5.
patron of Joseph Nassi, =4=, 577, 594.
intercedes in behalf of Turkish Jews in Ancona, =4=, 578.
contemplates war with Spain, =4=, 594.
jealousy among the sons of, =4=, 594-5.
espouses Joseph Nassi’s cause against the French ambassador, =4=,
595.
gives Joseph Nassi a tract near the Sea of Tiberias, =4=, 596.
death of, =4=, 596.
=Son of God=, epithet adopted by Jesus, =2=, 159, 162, 163.
=Son of man=, epithet adopted by Jesus, =2=, 158.
=Soncin family=, the, of printers, =4=, 586.
=Soncino=, Jewish printing house in, =4=, 289.
=Soncinus.= _See_ Cohen, Gershon.
“=Song of Deborah=, The,” celebrates the victory over Jabin, =1=, 61.
“=Song of Songs=, The,” a product of Greek influences, =1=, 430-1.
rebukes the evils of the times, =1=, 432.
holiness of, discussed in the Synhedrion, =2=, 343-4.
commentary on, by Shemarya Ikriti, =4=, 70.
“=Songs= of Glory,” by Wessely, =5=, 404.
“=Songs= of Obadiah ben Amos in Exile, The,” by Steinheim, =5=,
603-4.
=Sopher=, keeper of the lists, =1=, 122, 305, 313, 314.
=Sopheric age=, the development of the Law in, =1=, 395-7.
the divine service in, =1=, 398-400.
=Sopherim= (Scribes), the, wise men, activity of, =1=, 396.
make a “fence” about the Law, =1=, 397.
new institutions of, =1=, 397-8.
divine service arranged by, =1=, 308-401.
prophetic writings collected by, =1=, 400.
traditional customs ascribed to, =2=, 19.
Hillel justifies the laws introduced by, =2=, 327.
as described by the Nazarenes, =2=, 372.
=Sophia=, Nathan Ghazati dies at, =5=, 161.
=Sophocles=, Judæan doctrines attributed to, =2=, 204.
=Sophronius=, bishop of Jerusalem, surrenders the city to
Omar, =3=, 87.
=Sora=, a district of Jewish Babylonia, =2=, 505.
=Sora= (Mata-Mechassia), frontier town of Babylonia in the most
limited sense, =2=, 504.
on the lake of Sora, =2=, 506.
honesty of the inhabitants of, =2=, 506.
assemblies at, =2=, 514-15.
Chasda’s school in, =2=, 553.
homage paid at, to the Exilarchs, =2=, 606-7.
center of Jewish Babylonia, =2=, 607.
destroyed under Firuz, =2=, 629.
the Exilarch holds annual court at, =3=, 95.
=Sora, the academy of=, established by Abba-Areka, =2=, 513-14.
devotion of Rab to, =2=, 518.
superior to that of Nahardea, =2=, 522.
superior to the Palestinian academies, =2=, 532.
supremacy of, under Huna, =2=, 548.
method of, a continuation of that pursued in Judæa, =2=, 574-5.
numerical strength of, =2=, 576.
principals of, wealthy, =2=, 579-80.
decline of, =2=, 583.
prosperity of, under Ashi, =2=, 605.
rebuilt, =2=, 606.
closed under Hormisdas IV, =3=, 8.
re-opened under Bahram Tshubin, =3=, 9.
prosperity of, under Chosru II, =3=, 9-10.
principal of, receives the title Gaon, =3=, 90.
districts under the jurisdiction of, =3=, 98.
quarrels in, about the principalship of the Pumbeditha academy, =3=,
156.
without a Gaon, =3=, 156-7.
decline of, in the ninth century, =3=, 183.
pays homage to David ben Zaccaï, =3=, 186.
rise of, in the tenth century, =3=, 186.
decadence of, =3=, 192.
Kohen-Zedek proposes to close, =3=, 192.
restored by David ben Zaccaï, =3=, 192.
raised by Saadiah, =3=, 193, 201.
members of, side with Saadiah, =3=, 195.
questions sent to, under Saadiah, =3=, 201.
decline of, after Saadiah’s death, =3=, 202.
abandoned by Joseph ben Satia, =3=, 202-3.
unsuccessful attempt to restore, =3=, 203, 208.
emissaries from, =3=, 208.
place of, taken by the Spanish schools, =3=, 236.
the last Gaon of, =3=, 253.
_See also_ Academies, the Babylonian.
=Sora, the academy of, the Gaon (principal) of=, of equal rank with
the Exilarch, =3=, 93.
deference paid to, =3=, 93.
privileges of, =3=, 93-4.
at the installation of a new Exilarch, =3=, 94.
pays homage to the Exilarch, =3=, 95.
rank of, =3=, 96.
appoints the judges of his district, =3=, 98.
=Sora, the academy of, Geonim of=, list of:
Chaninaï Kahana ben Huna,
Jacob ben Natronaï,
Joseph ben Satia,
Judah the Blind,
Mar-Amram ben Sheshna,
Nachshon ben Zadok,
Nathan ben Yehudaï (titular),
Natronaï II,
Saadiah ben Joseph,
Samuel ben Chofni,
Yom-Tob Kahana ben Jacob.
=Sora, the academy of, principals of=, list of:
Ashi, son of Simaï,
Chananya,
Chasda of Cafri,
Giza,
Huna,
Judah ben Ezekiel,
Mar bar Ashi,
Mar bar Huna,
Rabba bar Huna,
Rabina.
=Sora=, lake in the Euphrates, =2=, 506.
=Soranzo, Jacopo=, Venetian agent in Constantinople, procures the
revocation of the banishment of the Jews from Venice, =4=, 606.
=Soreg=, screen between the outer and the inner court of the second
Temple, =1=, 492.
=Sorai=, the cortes of, deprive the Jews of criminal jurisdiction,
=4=, 157.
=Sosius=, Antony’s general, sent to help Herod, =2=, 87.
invades Judæa, =2=, 88.
army of, ravages the Temple, =2=, 88.
=Sostrates=, officer of Antiochus Epiphanes, deposes Jason, =1=, 447.
=Soul=, the, theory of, in the Zohar, =4=, 16-18.
=Souls=, doctrine of, held by Isaac Lurya, =4=, 619-22.
transmigration of, explained by Isaac Lurya, =4=, 620.
impregnation of, =4=, 621.
sexes of, =4=, 621-2.