81.
under the guardianship of Herod’s brother, =2=, 83.
married to Herod at Samaria, =2=, 87.
under the guardianship of Herod’s brother-in-law, =2=, 93.
calumniated by Salome, =2=, 93-4.
confined in Alexandrion, =2=, 96.
murder of, =2=, 104-5.
sons and daughters of, =2=, 112-13.
=Mariamne=, Herod’s second wife of that name, =2=, 107.
son of, disinherited, =2=, 119.
=Mariamne, tower of=, retreat of the Roman garrison of Jerusalem, =2=,
260.
left undemolished by Titus, =2=, 309.
=Mariba=, trading station under the kings of Judah, =3=, 54.
=Marini, Israel=, disciple of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, =5=, 237.
=Mar-Isaac=, head of a college at Firuz-Shabur, does homage to
Ali, =3=, 90.
Gaon of Sora, =3=, 90, 92.
=Mar-Isaac=, Jew of Cologne, martyr, =3=, 304.
=Mar-Isaac=, principal of a Babylonian academy, the murder
of, =3=, 3.
=Marissa.= _See_ Mareshah.
=Mar-Kahana=, Exilarch, subordinates himself to Ashi, =2=, 606.
“=Mar Mar Jesu=,” anti-Christian work forbidden by Benedict
XIII, =4=, 215.
=Mar-Raba= (670-680), principal of the Pumbeditha academy, reforms
the divorce laws, =3=, 92.
=Marranos=, the, or new-Christians, origin of, =4=, 179-80; =5=, 729.
meaning of, =4=, 180.
secretly Jews, =4=, 180.
in Sicily, protected by the people, =4=, 319-20.
protected in Tudela, =4=, 357.
permitted to settle in Ancona, =4=, 408.
flee from Spain and Portugal, =4=, 529.
return of, to Judaism, reason for the revival of a Synhedrion, =4=,
535.
of Naples threatened with the Inquisition, =4=, 543.
of Marseilles aid the Neapolitan Jews, =4=, 544.
of Ferrara consoled by Samuel Usque, =4=, 558, 560.
of Ancona protected by the popes, =4=, 568.
of Ancona, persecuted by Paul IV, =4=, 568-9, 570-1.
at Pesaro and Ferrara, =4=, 569, 578-81.
persecuted by Paul IV, =4=, 581-2.
victims of the Italian Inquisition, =4=, 654.
deprived of Ferrara as a refuge, =4=, 661.
England designed as an asylum for, =5=, 46.
condemned to the stake in the seventeenth century, =5=, 91-2.
_See also_ Spanish exiles; Inquisition, the.
=Marranos, the Portuguese=, buy the favor of Alexander VI, =4=,
378-9.
milder measures towards, adopted by Manoel, =4=, 379.
Samuel Usque on, =4=, 380.
descendants of, in Africa, =4=, 381.
the Inquisition established for, at Benevento, =4=, 385.
manufacture fire-arms and ammunition in Turkey, =4=, 401.
suffering of, =4=, 483.
follow Jewish observances openly, =4=, 485.
instruct their children in Judaism, =4=, 485.
emigration of, checked by Manoel, =4=, 485-6.
hated by the Christians, =4=, 486.
accused of causing scarcity of grain, =4=, 486.
ruin of, determined by the Dominicans, =4=, 486-7.
Manoel’s orders concerning, =4=, 488.
protected by Manoel’s counselors, =4=, 488.
usefulness of, =4=, 488.
life of, inquired into by João III, =4=, 489.
observe Jewish and Christian rites, =4=, 489.
spied upon by Henrique Nunes, =4=, 489.
treatment of, improves with Reubeni’s appearance, =4=, 493-4.
consider Reubeni the forerunner of the Messiah, =4=, 494, 497-8.
not encouraged by Reubeni to acknowledge Judaism, =4=, 495.
burnt by the Bishop of Ceuta, =4=, 499.
defended by the Bishop of Algarve, =4=, 500.
defended by Lorenzo Pucci, =4=, 505.
suffering of, at the introduction of the Inquisition, =4=, 508-9.
complain of the inhumanity of the Inquisition, =4=, 509.
represented at Rome by Duarte de Paz, =4=, 512.
absolved for defection from the Church, =4=, 513-14.
protected by Clement VII, =4=, 514.
absolution of, enforced by Paul III, =4=, 516.
protected by a bull of Paul III, =4=, 516, 517.
unable to pay the bribes promised by Duarte de Paz, =4=, 518.
gentle measures towards, recommended by Paul III, =4=, 518.
steadfastness of, =4=, 519, 528.
try to have the Inquisition revoked, =4=, 519.
complain to Paul III of the cruelty of the Inquisition, =4=, 519-20.
protected by Paul III, =4=, 520.
endangered by Emanuel da Costa, =4=, 521.
granted the right of appeal to the pope, =4=, 521.
suffering of, from the Inquisition, =4=, 522-3.
delinquencies of, reported to the pope, =4=, 523.
draw up a memorial to the pope, =4=, 524.
forbidden to emigrate, =4=, 524.
right of, to emigrate defended before the Council of Trent, =4=,
526.
liberated from the Inquisition prisons, =4=, 527.
forced to abjure their Judaizing tendencies, =4=, 527.
mild treatment of, requested by Paul III, =4=, 527.
a profitable population to Portugal, =4=, 527-8.
absolution granted to, by popes, =4=, 528.
look to the Netherlands as a refuge, =4=, 662-3.
admission of, into Zealand opposed, =4=, 663.
first to emigrate to the Netherlands, =4=, 664-5.
in Amsterdam, =4=, 665.
taken to Holland by the Earl of Essex, =4=, 665.
capital of, acceptable to the Netherlands, =4=, 667-8.
revert to Judaism, =4=, 669.
suffering of, from the Inquisition, =4=, 670.
Philip III debtor of, =4=, 670.
granted absolution by Clement VIII, =4=, 671.
emigrate to the Netherlands, =4=, 671.
invited by Christian princes to settle in their countries, =4=, 675.
devotion of, to Judaism, =4=, 678-9.
Catholic tendencies of, =4=, 679-80.
in Hamburg as “traders,” =4=, 686-7.
objected to by Lutherans, =4=, 686, 687.
admitted into Hamburg as Jews, =4=, 688.
importance of, for trade, =4=, 689.
transported to Brazil, =4=, 693.
refused permission to settle in Frankfort-on-the-Main, =4=, 695.
culture of, =5=, 109-18.
in Bordeaux, =5=, 341-2.
_See also under_ Amsterdam; Inquisition, the.
=Marranos, the Spanish=, hated by the populace, =4=, 180.
endanger the existence of the Spanish Jews, =4=, 180-1.
propagandists for Christianity, =4=, 181-2.
take refuge in northern Africa, =4=, 197.
protected by Saul Astruc Cohen and Isaac ben Sheshet, =4=, 199.
the Christian confession extorted from, by Vincent Ferrer, =4=, 202.
troublesome to the Church, =4=, 255-6.
true to Judaism in secret, =4=, 256.
inquisitors appointed for, =4=, 256.
equal rights denied to, =4=, 256-7.
plundered under Henry IV of Castile, =4=, 274.
return to Judaism under Henry IV, =4=, 276.
promoted to the highest offices in Castile, =4=, 280.
attacked at Valladolid, =4=, 280-1.
accused of Judaizing, =4=, 281.
attacks upon, grow frequent, =4=, 281-3.
high positions and character of, =4=, 309.
Judaizing tendencies of, =4=, 309.
the Inquisition for, proposed, =4=, 310.
catechism for, =4=, 311.
lose favor with Isabella, =4=, 311-12.
the Inquisition for, established in Seville, =4=, 312.
adopt measures of defense against the Inquisition, =4=, 313.
fugitive, burnt by the Inquisition, =4=, 314.
the Edict of Grace issued for, =4=, 315.
asked to denounce Judaizing Marranos, =4=, 315.
victims of the Inquisition, =4=, 317-18.
flee from the Inquisition, =4=, 318.
complain of the Inquisition to Sixtus IV, =4=, 318.
a chief judge of appeals appointed for cases against, =4=, 320.
excluded from the office of heresy judges, =4=, 321.
appeal to Sixtus IV to modify the rigors of the Inquisition, =4=,
322.
Torquemada’s code for, =4=, 326-8.
try to suppress the Inquisition in Aragon, =4=, 329.
plot against Pedro Arbues, =4=, 329-30.
slaughter of, in Saragossa, =4=, 331-2.
origin of the persecution of, =4=, 333.
intimate relations of, with the Jews, =4=, 334-5.
helped by the Jews of Castile, =4=, 344.
of Granada, protected by the secret treaty of Boabdil, =4=, 345.
flee to Granada, =4=, 351.
help the exiled Jews, =4=, 354.
deliver up enemies of the Jews to the Inquisition, =4=, 355.
care exercised by, after the expulsion of the Jews, =4=, 355.
concerned in the murder of Arbues protected in Tudela, =4=, 357.
delivered up to the Inquisition in Portugal, =4=, 368, 379-80.
the Inquisition established for, at Benevento, =4=, 385.
manufacture fire-arms and ammunition in Turkey, =4=, 401.
suffering of, =4=, 483.
oppressed by Ximenes de Cisneros, =4=, 484.
try to escape to Portugal, =4=, 486.
Messianic expectations of, =4=, 494.
flee to Portugal, =4=, 494.
take David Reubeni to be the forerunner of the Messiah, =4=, 497-8.
attack Badajoz, =4=, 498.
denounced by David Reubeni, =4=, 511.
_See also_ Spanish exiles, the; Inquisition, the.
=Marriage=, unlawful degrees of relationship for, established by
Sopherim, =1=, 397.
=Marriage laws=, the, revised by Abba-Areka, =2=, 516.
among the Karaites, =3=, 132, 158, 159.
regulated by the Mayence rabbinical synod, =4=, 135.
changed by Menachem of Merseburg, =4=, 228.
modified by the synod of Lublin, =5=, 13.
abolition of, advocated by Holdheim, =5=, 680.
=Marriages=, civil, discussed by the Assembly of Notables, =5=, 491.
by the Synhedrion, =5=, 496, 497.
=Marriages, Jewish=, in Austria, restricted, =5=, 509.
=Marriages, mixed.= _See_ Intermarriages.
=Mar-Sacharya=, of Haleb, attacks Maimonides, =3=, 477.
=Mar-Samuel.= _See_ Samuel, son of Abba.
=Marseilles=, Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 35.
the Jews of Clermont flee to, =3=, 39.
Jewish physicians at, =3=, 582.
Jews remain in, after the banishment by Charles VI, =4=, 177.
Neapolitan Jews carried to, =4=, 544.
=Marseilles, the Jews of=, in the twelfth century, =3=, 400.
order a Hebrew translation of Maimonides’ Mishna commentary, =3=,
492.
show honor to the Jewish envoys to Egypt, =5=, 658.
=Marshall=, Lord Mayor of London, calls a meeting of protest against
the Damascus affair, =5=, 655-6, 657.
=Mar-Sheshet=, a Babylonian Amora, =2=, 545.
memory of, =2=, 553.
and Chasda, =2=, 553-4.
opposed to Judah ben Ezekiel’s dialectics, =2=, 554.
rebukes the Exilarch, =2=, 554.
founds a school at Silhi, =2=, 554.
=Marsus, Vibius=, governor of Syria, prevents Agrippa I from
fortifying Jerusalem, =2=, 195.
disperses the conference of princes summoned by Agrippa
I, =2=, 196.
hostile to the Judæans, =2=, 197.
soldiery of, banished to Pontus, =2=, 197.
=Marten, Harry=, employed by Cromwell to dispose the English in favor
of the Jews, =5=, 43.
=Martha.= _See_ Domna, Julia.
=Martha=, sister of Lazarus, follower of Jesus, =2=, 160.
=Martha=, wife of Joshua ben Gamala, obtains the high priesthood for
her husband, =2=, 249.
suffering of, during the siege of Jerusalem, =2=, 306.
=Martin V=, pope, elected by the Council of Constance, =4=, 219.
discourteous to the Jews of Constance, =4=, 219.
confirms the privileges of the Jews of Germany and Savoy, =4=, 219.
waited on by Jewish delegates from Italy and Spain, =4=, 219.
issues a bull against forced conversions, =4=, 219-20.
issues a bull protecting the Jews from Dominican denunciations,
=4=, 226-7.
privileges granted by, to Jews confirmed by Eugenius IV, =4=, 249.
=Martin, Fernan=, chief of police, assists the Jews against Joseph
Pichon, =4=, 156.
punished by Juan I of Castile, =4=, 157.
=Martin, Raymund=, Dominican, rescues the Talmud from the flames in
Aragon, =3=, 603.
anti-Jewish writings of, =3=, 622.
influence of, =3=, 622-3.
refuted by Solomon ben Adret, =3=, 623.
=Martinet, Adam=, admiration of, for neo-Hebraic poetry, =5=,
628, 629.
=Martinez, Ferdinand= (Ferran), agitates against the Jews in
Seville, =4=, 167.
stirs up Seville a second time, =4=, 168-9.
punished by Henry III of Castile, =4=, 193.
=Martinez, Gonzalo, de Oviedo=, favorite of Alfonso XI of Castile,
=4=, 83-4.
causes the death of Joseph of Ecija and Samuel Ibn-Wakar, =4=, 84.
proposes to deprive the Jews of their wealth, =4=, 84-5.
wins a battle over the Moors, =4=, 85.
accused of treason by Leonora de Guzman, =4=, 85.
allies himself with the enemies of Alfonso XI, =4=, 85-6.
deserted by his Order, =4=, 86.
executed, =4=, 86.
=Martyrdom=, when compulsory, =2=, 423-4.
=Martyrology=, by Ephraim ben Jacob of Bonn, =3=, 419.
=Mar-Ukba= (918), Exilarch, forced to remove from Bagdad, =2=, 184.
the Arabic poetry of, pleases the Caliph, =3=, 184-5.
restored to his office, =3=, 185.
banished to Kairuan, =3=, 185, 210.
=Mar-Ukba=, judge in Cafri, =2=, 512.
=Mar-Ukban=, grandson of Abba-Areka, Exilarch, =2=, 544, 579-80.
=Maruni=, priest, incites a crusade against the Damascus Jews, =5=,
662.
=Mary=, sister of Lazarus, follower of Jesus, =2=, 160.
=Mary Magdalene=, follower of Jesus, =2=, 154.
=Mar-Yanka.= _See_ Natronaï ben Nehemiah.
=Mar-Zemach I ben Paltoi= (872-890), Gaon of Pumbeditha, arranges the
“Aruch,” =3=, 178-9.
=Mar-Zutra=, Amora, subordinates himself to Ashi, =2=, 606.
at the court of Jezdijird, =2=, 610.
=Mar-Zutra I=, Exilarch, subordinates himself to Ashi, =2=, 606.
=Mar-Zutra II= (496-520), Exilarch, leader of the Babylonian Jews
against the Zendik, =3=, 3-4.
kept out of his office by Pachda, =3=, 3.
executed, =3=, 4.
son of, =3=, 4.
=Mar-Zutra III=, a distinguished scholar in Judæa, =3=, 4.
president of the Tiberias academy, =3=, 12.
=Masada=, fortress, refuge of Mariamne, wife of Herod, =2=, 83.
besieged by Antigonus, =2=, 87.
refuge of Herod from Cleopatra, =2=, 94.
taken by the Sicarii, =2=, 258.
refuge of the Sicarii, =2=, 261.
a hot-bed of insurgents, =2=, 292-3.
holds out against the Romans, =2=, 315.
under Eleazar ben Jair, =2=, 316.
garrison of, commits suicide, =2=, 316.
=Mascarenhas, John Rodrigo=, Portuguese Marrano, brings hatred upon
the Marranos, =4=, 486.
=Masechet-Gerim=, tractate in the Law, on proselytes, =2=, 384.
=Masechta=, one of the six divisions of the Mishnic code, =2=, 354.
=Mashal=, an allegory, =1=, 158.
=Mashal ha-Kadmoni=, by Ibn-Sahula, =3=, 560.
=Maskhir=, recorder under David, =1=, 122.
=Masserano.= _See_ Bezalel Masserano.
=Massora=, the, and the vowel points, =3=, 112.
studied by Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 244.
the division of the Scriptures into verses by, criticised, =3=, 290.
importance of, according to Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 371.
studied by Wolf Heidenheim, =5=, 400.
as viewed by Samuel David Luzzatto, =5=, 624.
=Massorets=, the, list of:
Aaron ben Asher,
Ben-Naphtali,
Moses ben Asher.
=Masuel, Eugene=, founder of the “Alliance Israélite Universelle,”
=5=, 701.
=Mata-Mechasia.= _See_ Sora.
=Matatoron=, name of an angel, =1=, 403.
=Mathematical knowledge=, the, of the teachers of the Law, =2=, 357.
=Mathematicians=, Jewish. _See_ Astronomers.
=Mathematics=, studied in Portugal, =4=, 367.
=Matiah ben Charash=, teacher of the Law in Rome, =2=, 443.
=Matnita boraïta=, supplements to the Mishna, =2=, 470.
=Matri=, a family of the tribe of Benjamin, =1=, 83.
=Matronita=, Kabbalistic term in the Zohar, =4=, 18.
=Mattachery=, Jews’ town, =2=, 630.
=Mattan=, high priest of Baal, under Athaliah, =1=, 214.
=Mattara=, court in the palace at Jerusalem, =1=, 314.
=Mattathiah ben Joseph Provenci=, Talmudist, re-establishes a college
at Paris, =4=, 133.
exempt from wearing the Jew badge, =4=, 133.
chief rabbi of France, =4=, 133.
death of, =4=, 152.
=Mattathias=, envoy of Nicanor to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 484.
=Mattathias, the Hasmonæan=, father of the Maccabees, resists
Apelles, =1=, 459.
leader of the Chassidim, =1=, 459-60.
decides to fight on the Sabbath, =1=, 460.
petty warfare of, against the Syrians, =1=, 460-1.
chooses Simon as counselor and Judas as commander, =1=, 461.
death of the sons of, =1=, 531.
=Mattathias ben Simon Psellus=, father of Josephus, =1=, 502.
=Mattathias, son of Simon Tharsi=, =1=, 520.
assassinated, =1=, 530.
=Mattathias Yizhari=, at the disputation of Tortosa, =4=, 208.
=Matthai of Arbela=, Pharisee leader, =2=, 20.
=Matthew= (Levi), publican, follower of Jesus, =2=, 153.
=Matthew Paris=, historian, charges the Franciscans with venality,
=3=, 591.
=Matthias=, emperor, unable to punish Fettmilch, =4=, 698.
punishes Frankfort, =4=, 700.
=Matthias ben Margalot=, Pharisee, instigates an uprising against
Herod, =2=, 115.
burnt alive, =2=, 115.
death of, avenged, =2=, 121.
=Matthias ben Matthias=, brother of Josephus, =2=, 276.
=Matthias ben Theophilus=, high priest, last of those appointed under
the Herodians, =2=, 249.
summons all Judæans to Jerusalem for the Passover of 66, =2=, 251.
persuades Jerusalem to receive Roman troops amicably, =2=, 254-5.
deposed by the Zealots, =2=, 294.
=Matthias Boëthus=, of priestly family, executed, =2=, 304.
=Maurice of Orange=, well disposed towards the Jews, =4=, 674, 678.
=Mauritania=, rebels against Hadrian, =2=, 399.
=Mauritius=, emperor of the East, protects Chosru II, =3=, 9.
the Jews under, =3=, 18.
supplanted by Phocas, =3=, 18-19.
=Maury=, Abbé, opposed to the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 441-2,
446, 462.
=Maxarquivir=, the Jews of, banished by order of Maria Anna, =5=, 169.
=Maximilian I=, emperor, the Jews recommended to the protection
of, =4=, 413.
favors Jacob Loans, =4=, 414.
appoints Joseph Loans representative of the German Jews, =4=, 414.
indecision of, =4=, 414-15.
permits Nuremberg to expel the Jews, =4=, 415-16.
expels the Jews from Austria, Styria and Carinthia, =4=, 427.
urged to deliver the Jews to the Dominicans of Cologne, =4=, 428.
issues his first mandate giving Pfefferkorn power over the
Jews, =4=, 429.
letter to, from Uriel von Gemmingen, =4=, 431.
appoints Reuchlin counselor of the Suabian League, =4=, 435.
applied to, for a second mandate, =4=, 436.
the Jewish cause pleaded before, =4=, 436-7.
appears to favor the Jewish side, =4=, 437.
issues a second mandate, =4=, 437.
homage paid to, by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 439.
directs the Frankfort Senate to restore the Hebrew books, =4=, 439.
promises to investigate Pfefferkorn’s attack on Reuchlin, =4=, 446.
espouses Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 459, 464.
abused by the Dominicans, =4=, 459.
protects the Jews of Frankfort, Worms, and Ratisbon, =4=, 463-4.
death of, =4=, 467.
=Maximilian II=, emperor, protects the Jews of Prague, =4=, 587.
urges his son for the Polish crown, =4=, 603.
=Maximus=, emperor, orders the Senate to rebuild a synagogue, =2=,
614.
=Maximus=, teacher of Julian the Apostate, =2=, 595.
=Maximus=, Trajan’s general in the Euphrates district, =2=, 397.
=Mayence=, founders of the Jewish community of, =3=, 41.
Charlemagne brings the Kalonymos family to, =3=, 143.
a Talmud school founded at, =3=, 243, 247.
Rashi studies Talmud at, =3=, 286.
represented at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
a rabbinical synod meets at, =3=, 517-18.
the congregation of, one of the three oldest of Germany, =3=, 518.
rabbinical synod at, to regulate marriage laws, =4=, 135.
exiles from, in Poland and Italy, =4=, 294.
Reuchlin tried for heresy at, =4=, 450-2.
the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
honor paid to Crémieux at, =5=, 668.
=Mayence, the Jews of=, banished by Henry II, =3=, 245-6.
perpetuate the memory of Simon ben Isaac and Gershom ben
Jehuda, =3=, 247.
massacred in the first crusade, =3=, 303.
accuse their persecutors before Henry IV, =3=, 307.
charged with the blood accusation, =3=, 636.
possessions of, confiscated, =3=, 636.
emigrate to Syria, =3=, 637.
burn themselves to escape persecution, =4=, 109.
banished, =4=, 413.
well treated during the Thirty Years’ War, =4=, 707.
=Mayence, the university of=, to counsel regarding the confiscation
of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441.
attacks the Hebrew Bible, =4=, 444-5.
students of, object to Reuchlin’s heresy trial, =4=, 451.
=Mayo, Moses=, excommunicated by Chayim of Lublin, =5=, 261.
=Mazaca-Cæsarea= (Cappadocia), study of the Law in, =2=, 358.
the Jews of, lose life in the assault of Shabur I, =2=, 520, 526.
=Mazdak=, reformer of Magianism, =3=, 1.
communistic principles of, =3=, 1-2.
=Mazikim=, evil spirits, introduced into Judaism from Magianism, =1=,
403.
=Measfim=, the, contributors to “The Gatherer,” in Germany,
=5=, 399-400.
in Holland, =5=, 400-1.
in France, =5=, 401.
in Italy, =5=, 402.
influence of, =5=, 402-3, 403-5.
consider themselves the disciples of Mendelssohn, =5=, 403.
the best production by, =5=, 404.
mediocrity of, =5=, 417.
effect of the revival of Hebrew by, =5=, 420-1.
consulted by Jacobson, =5=, 502.
=Measfim=, the, list of:
Ben-Zeeb,
Bresselau, Mendel J.
Ensheim, Moses
Euchel, Isaac Abraham
Friedrichsfeld, David
Heidenheim, Wolf
Homberg, Herz
Löwe, Joel
Morpurgo, Elijah
Satanow, Isaac
Wessely, Naphtali Hartwig
Wolfssohn, Aaron.
=Meaux=, the council of, re-enacts anti-Jewish restrictions,
=3=, 171-2.
=Mebarsapes=, king of Adiabene, conquered by Trajan, =2=, 393-4.
=Mebodes=, Persian general, puts to death the Jews of Machuza,
=3=, 9.
=Mebo-ha-Talmud=, methodology of the Talmud, by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela,
=3=, 259.
=Mecca= (Alcharam), Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 56.
holy city of the Arabs, =3=, 60.
a proselyte to Judaism governor of, =3=, 63.
Mahomet’s flight from, =3=, 72-3.
the praying Moslem turns to, =3=, 75.
Jews not allowed to live in, =3=, 436.
=Mecklenburg=, the Jews of, emancipated, =5=, 507.
=Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the Jews of=, forbidden the early interment of
the dead, =5=, 318.
apply to Mendelssohn, =5=, 318.
interfered with by the government, =5=, 679.
=Medaba=, center of the Bene-Amri, =1=, 491.
taken by John Hyrcanus, =2=, 7.
=Medeïros, Francisco (Isaac), Mendes=, Portuguese Marrano in
Holland, =4=, 667.
builds the second synagogue at Amsterdam, =4=, 671.
=Medelsheim.= _See_ Berr, Cerf.
=Medes=, the, defeated by the Assyrians, =1=, 287.
=Media=, the Ten Tribes colonized in, =1=, 265.
invaded by the Scythians, =1=, 287.
half-Shekel contribution to the Temple from, =2=, 52.
visited by Petachya, =3=, 421.
=Medici=, the, the renascence under, participated in by Jews, =4=,
289, 290.
=Medicine=, prepared by Jews prohibited, in the code of Alfonso
X, =3=, 596.
by Eugenius IV, =4=, 250, 252.
by Henry IV of Castile, =4=, 278.
=Medicine, the study of=, permitted by the opponents of science, =4=,
40.
among Polish Jews, =4=, 633.
_See_ Physicians, Jewish.
=Medina=, Jewish capitalist, involves Voltaire in financial
losses, =5=, 339.
=Medina= (Yathrib), Israelites under Joshua settle in, =3=, 54.
center of the Jewish Arabic tribes, =3=, 55.
besieged, =3=, 62.
a proselyte the governor of, =3=, 63.
Mahomet in, =3=, 72-3.
the center of Islam, =3=, 86.
Jews not allowed to live in, =3=, 436.
=Medina, the Jews of=, defend the city, =3=, 62.
hated by the Kailan race, =3=, 67.
conquered by the Arabs, =3=, 67-8.
regain importance, =3=, 70-1.
and Mahomet, =3=, 73.
repelled by Mahomet, =3=, 74.
intrigue against Mahomet, =3=, 84.
=Medina del Campo=, the Jews of, burnt and plundered, =4=, 278.
the cortes of, propose an Inquisition for Marranos, =4=, 310, 313.
=Medina-Celi=, Kabbalistic center, =4=, 6.
the duke of, employs a Jewish physician, =5=, 116.
=Medina-Sidonia=, Marranos flee to, =4=, 313.
=Megabyzus=, satrap of Syria, revolts from Persia, =1=, 371.
=Megadef=, sobriquet of Joshua Lorqui, =4=, 217.
=Megerlin, David Frederick=, explains Eibeschütz’s amulets in a
Christian way, =5=, 270.
calls on the Danish king to protect Eibeschütz, =5=, 271.
=Megiddo=, the battle of, Josiah defeated at, =1=, 297.
=Megilloth, the Five=, commentary on, by Samuel ben Meïr, =3=, 346.
by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 370.
“=Mehemenuta de Cola=,” by Chayon, =5=, 219-20.
=Mehmed Effendi=, Sabbataï Zevi’s Mahometan name, =5=, 154.
=Mehmet Ali=, Pasha of Egypt, conquers Syria, =5=, 633.
supported by Louis Philippe, =5=, 633, 634.
assents to the execution of the Damascus Jews, =5=, 640.
influenced by the French consul-general, =5=, 647.
appealed to by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 647.
letter to, from Metternich, =5=, 647.
forms a court of justice for the Damascus affair, =5=, 648.
breaks up the consular court, =5=, 649.
grants Montefiore audience, =5=, 659.
in awe of the European powers, =5=, 659.
orders the release of the Damascus prisoners, =5=, 660.
thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 660.
subterfuge of, discovered by Munk, =5=, 660.
changes his firman, =5=, 660.
officially states the groundlessness of the blood accusation, =5=,
661.
surrenders territory to Turkey, =5=, 661.
=Meïl Zedek.= _See_ Menachem of Merseburg.
=Meinhard of Görz=, captor of Meïr of Rothenburg, =3=, 639.
=Meiningen=, the “hep, hep!” persecutions in, =5=, 530.