218.
supposed Sabbatian, =5=, 229, 248.
early education of, =5=, 246-7.
as a Talmudist, =5=, 247.
mysticism of, =5=, 248.
weakness of the character of, =5=, 248-9.
as teacher in Prague, =5=, 249, 250.
excommunicates the Sabbatians, =5=, 249.
clemency shown towards, =5=, 249-50.
in intercourse with Jesuits, =5=, 250.
obtains the right of printing the Talmud, =5=, 250.
and the rabbinate of Metz, =5=, 251.
accused of treason, =5=, 252.
intercedes for the Jews of Moravia and Bohemia, =5=, 253.
declared a traitor, =5=, 253.
popular in Metz, =5=, 253.
rabbi of the “three communities,” =5=, 254, 256.
distributes amulets, =5=, 257, 260.
called on by Emden to clear himself of the charge of Sabbatianism,
=5=, 258.
supported by his disciples, =5=, 258, 259.
cause of, espoused by the “three communities,” =5=, 260-1.
opponents of, excommunicated, =5=, 261.
publishes an encyclical, =5=, 261-2.
invited to exculpate himself, =5=, 262, 263.
excommunicated, =5=, 263-4.
cause of, espoused by some rabbis, =5=, 264.
case of, submitted to the king of Denmark, =5=, 265, 268, 269.
letter to, from Ezekiel Landau, =5=, 265-6.
associates himself with an apostate, =5=, 267.
protected by the princes of Brunswick, =5=, 267-8.
before a rabbinical court, =5=, 268-9.
publishes a defense, =5=, 270.
supposed to be a secret Christian, =5=, 270.
again acknowledged rabbi of the “three communities,” =5=, 271.
and the Frankists, =5=, 289.
distrust of, =5=, 289.
=Eichhorn=, exegete, =5=, 623, 695.
=Eighteen Benedictions.= _See_ Berachoth.
“=Eighteen Things=, The,” decreed by the school of Shammai, =2=, 270.
permitted by Judah II, =2=, 483-4.
=Eisenach=, the Jews of, during the Black Death persecutions, =4=,
109.
=Eisenmenger, John Andrew=, Hebraist, revives the blood accusation,
=5=, 187.
title of the book by, against the Jews, =5=, 188.
charges raised against the Jews by, =5=, 188-9.
work of, suppressed, =5=, 190.
death of, =5=, 190.
_See_ “Judaism Unmasked.”
“=Eisenmenger the Second=, an open letter to Fichte,” by Saul
Asher, =5=, 463.
=Ekron=, Philistine city, =1=, 54.
left in the possession of the Philistines, =1=, 117.
center of Baal-zebub worship, =1=, 207.
given to Jonathan Haphus, =1=, 496.
fortified by the Syrians, =1=, 529.
=Elah=, king of Israel, dissipation and death of, =1=, 192.
=El-Arish=, taken by Napoleon, =5=, 459.
=El-Arish=, the river of Egypt, boundary under David, =1=, 129.
=Elath=, port on the Red Sea, =1=, 170, 171, 177, 230.
=Elchanan ben Isaac=, descendant of Rashi, Tossafist, martyr, =3=,
404.
=Eldad=, Karaite, adventurer, =3=, 182.
spreads the news of the Jewish Chazar kingdom, =3=, 220.
=Elder=, title of the ordained, =2=, 361.
=Elders=, Council of the, formed by Moses, =1=, 25-6.
=Eleanor=, mother of Edward I, hostile to the Jews, =3=, 641, 645.
=Eleanor=, wife of Edward I, favorably inclined to the Jews, =3=, 644.
=Eleanora=, wife of Louis VII of France, accompanies him on the
second crusade, =3=, 349.
=Eleasa=, camp of Judas Maccabæus at, =1=, 486.
the battle of, Judas Maccabæus falls in, =1=, 487.
=Eleazar=, Galilæan Judæan, persuades Izates of Adiabene to be
circumcised, =2=, 217.
=Eleazar=, high priest, and the Septuagint, =1=, 514.
=Eleazar=, Jewish name of Bishop Bodo, =3=, 169.
=Eleazar=, one of David’s warriors, =1=, 116.
=Eleazar of Antioch=, refuses to sacrifice to the Greek gods, =1=,
456.
=Eleazar of Modin=, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
prays for Bethar, =2=, 417.
accused as a spy, =2=, 417-18.
=Eleazar ben Ananias=, leader of the Zealots, =2=, 256.
brings about the rupture with Rome, =2=, 258-9.
relations of, to the leader of the Sicarii, =2=, 260-1.
destroys the Roman garrison of Jerusalem, =2=, 261.
disinterestedness of, =2=, 261.
governor of Idumæa, =2=, 270.
=Eleazar ben Arach=, disciple of Jochanan ben Zakkai, =2=, 324, 326.
tries to establish a school at Emmaus, =2=, 334.
=Eleazar ben Azariah=, president of the Synhedrion, =2=, 342.
vice-president of the Synhedrion, =2=, 345.
and Flavius Clemens, =2=, 387, 389, 392.
influence of, on Nerva, =2=, 392.
=Eleazar ben Dinai=, Zealot leader, =2=, 238.
exterminates the Samaritans of Acrabatene, =2=, 243.
=Eleazar ben Jacob=, disciple of Akiba, =2=, 433.
=Eleazar ben Jair=, grandson of Judas of Galilee, leader of the
Sicarii, =2=, 239.
flees from Jerusalem, =2=, 261.
commander of Masada, =2=, 292, 316.
=Eleazar ben Jehuda= (Rokeach), Kabbalist, at the Mayence
synod, =3=, 517.
=Eleazar ben Joel Halevi= (Abi-Ezri), Talmudist, at the Mayence
synod, =3=, 517.
=Eleazar ben Joseph= of Chinon, martyr, =4=, 49.
=Eleazar ben Joseph= (ben Chalafta), accompanies Simon ben Jochai to
Rome, =2=, 449.
=Eleazar ben Kalir=, the greatest of the poetans, =3=, 116-17, 245.
poetry of, rugged, =3=, 223.
=Eleazar ben Poira=, Pharisee, reproves John Hyrcanus, =2=, 32.
=Eleazar ben Shamua=, teacher of Judah I, =2=, 451.
=Eleazar ben Simon=, Zealot leader, treasurer of the Temple, =2=,
270-1, 301.
opposed to the Synhedrion, =2=, 293-4.
=Eleazar ben Simon= (ben Jochai), reproaches the Samaritans with
having altered the Law, =2=, 457.
denounces Jewish freebooters to the Romans, =2=, 464-5.
=Eleazar Chasma=, in the Jamnia Synhedrion, =2=, 357.
=Eleazar Hawran=, son of Mattathias the Hasmonæan, =1=, 459.
death of, =1=, 479.
=Eleazar.= _See also under_ Eleazer and Eliezer.
=Eleazer=, commander of Machærus, =2=, 315.
=Eleazer ben Nathan= of Mayence, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=,
377.
=Eleazer ben Simon= of Cologne, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=,
377.
=Eleazer.= _See also under_ Eleazar and Eliezer.
=Elegabalus=, emperor, vices of, =2=, 468.
relations of, to the Jews, =2=, 469-70.
=Elesbaa= (Atzbaha), king of Ethiopia, at war with the Jewish king of
Yemen, =3=, 66.
=Elhanan=, of Bethlehem, Israelite champion under David, =1=, 117.
=Eli=, judge, characterization of, =1=, 69.
inveighs against idolatry, =1=, 70.
sons of, =1=, 70.
death of, =1=, 71.
grandson of, =1=, 79.
descendants of, murdered by Saul, =1=, 100.
descendants of, inhabit Mamal, =2=, 575.
=Elia.= _See_ Mar-Elia.
=Eliakim=, in Speyer, Rashi’s Talmud teacher, =3=, 286.
=Eliakim=, son of Hilkiah, made Sochen, =1=, 272.
=Eliakim.= _See_ Jehoiakim.
=Eliam=, father of Bathsheba, =1=, 133.
=Eliano, Victor=, grandson of Elias Levita, apostate, =4=, 564.
defames the Talmud, =4=, 583.
editor of the Cremona Zohar, =4=, 584.
=Elias of London=, chief rabbi of England, =3=, 588.
asks permission for the Jews to leave England, =3=, 590-1.
deposed, =3=, 591.
=Elias del Medigo= (Cretensis, 1463-1498), philosopher, =4=,
289, 290-3.
classical culture of, =4=, 290.
teacher of Pico di Mirandola, =4=, 290-1.
umpire chosen by the University of Padua, =4=, 291.
public lecturer on philosophy, =4=, 291.
denounces the Kabbala, =4=, 292; =5=, 78.
views of, on the Talmud and religion, =4=, 292-3.
character of the influence of, =4=, 293.
hostility to, =4=, 293.
and Judah Menz, =4=, 295.
disciple of, =4=, 386.
sons and relatives of, leaders in Canea, =4=, 406.
descendant of, =5=, 75.
=Elias ben Elkanah Kapsali= (1490-1555), rabbi at Canea, and Judah
Delmedigo, =4=, 406.
as an historian, =4=, 406-7.
style of, =4=, 557.
=Elias Chendali=, husband of Esther Kiera, =4=, 629.
=Elias Cretensis.= _See_ Elias Del Medigo.
=Elias Halevi=, Rabbanite teacher of Karaites, =4=, 270.
=Elias Levita= (1468-1549), grammarian, teacher of Christians, =4=,
471, 507.
pupils of, =4=, 472.
publishes a Hebrew grammar, =4=, 472.
mediocrity of, =4=, 472.
on the accents and vowel signs, =4=, 472-3.
declines to go to France, =4=, 473-4.
establishes a Hebrew press at Isny, =4=, 474.
grandchildren of, apostates, =4=, 564.
=Elias Mizrachi= (1455-1526), rabbi of Constantinople, character and
attainments of, =4=, 402-3.
feud of, with the Karaites, =4=, 403.
protects the Karaites, =4=, 403-4.
=Elias Montalto=, physician, employed by Christians, =4=, 653.
dissuades Paul de Pina from becoming a monk, =4=, 670.
buried at Ouderkerk, =4=, 672-3.
physician to Maria de Medici, =4=, 673.
=Eliashib=, high priest, countenances marriages between Judæans and
Samaritans, =1=, 362.
in friendly communication with the Samaritans, =1=, 383.
dismissed by Nehemiah, =1=, 385.
=Eliezer ben Hyrcanus=, disciple of Jochanan ben Zakkai, =2=, 326.
teacher of the Law at Lydda, =2=, 335.
opposes decisions by the Bath-Kol, =2=, 338.
brother-in-law of Gamaliel II, =2=, 339.
excommunicated, =2=, 339-40, 347-8.
devotion of, to tradition, =2=, 346-7, 356.
called Sinai, =2=, 347.
opposed to Gamaliel II, =2=, 347.
end of, =2=, 348.
ban removed from, =2=, 350.
supposed teacher of Akiba, =2=, 351.
and the Jewish Christians, =2=, 370.
on the admission of proselytes, =2=, 384.
and Akylas, =2=, 385.
mourns for Gamaliel II, =2=, 404.
condemns the instruction of women in the Law, =2=, 474.
compared with Chanina bar Chama, =2=, 491.
=Eliezer Kapsali=, Rabbanite teacher of Karaites, =4=, 270.
=Eliezer.= _See also under_ Eleazar and Eleazer.
=Elijah=, the Tishbite, prophet, character of, =1=, 199.
a Nazarite, =1=, 200.
disciples of, =1=, 200.
rebukes Ahab, =1=, 202-3.
announces a famine, =1=, 203.
assembles the priests of Baal, =1=, 203-4.
flees from Jezebel, =1=, 204.
instructed to anoint Jehu, =1=, 204.
chooses Elisha as his successor, =1=, 207.
prophesies the death of Ahaziah, =1=, 207.
disappears, =1=, 207.
result of the activity of, =1=, 208.
precursor of the Messiah, =2=, 143.
in the Zohar, =4=, 12, 16.
=Elijah, disciples of=, Nazarites, =1=, 200.
persecuted by Jezebel, =1=, 201.
saved by Obadiah, =1=, 201.
on Mount Carmel, =1=, 203.
=Elijah Wilna= (1720-1797), draws attention to the Scriptures, =5=,
329, 390.
disinterestedness of, =5=, 389.
critical powers of, =5=, 389-90.
simple exegetical method of, =5=, 390.
fondness of, for the Kabbala, =5=, 390-1.
slandered by the Chassidim, =5=, 391.
excommunicates the Chassidim, =5=, 392, 393.
persecutes the Chassidim, =5=, 394.
=Elijah Zevi=, brother of Sabbataï, =5=, 145.
=Elionai=, high priest, under Agrippa I, =2=, 198.
=Elisha=, Essene, punished for the use of Tephillin, =2=, 424.
=Elisha=, father of Ishmael, =2=, 427.
=Elisha=, prophet, successor to Elijah, =1=, 207.
accompanies Elijah, =1=, 208.
lives on Mount Carmel, =1=, 208.
hates Jehoram, =1=, 208-9.
disciple of, appoints Jehu king of Israel, =1=, 210.
position of, compared with Elijah’s, =1=, 217-18.
in Samaria, =1=, 218.
respected by Jehoash of Israel, =1=, 223-4.
influence of, on Jehoash, =1=, 225.
=Elisha ben Abuya= (Acher), teacher of the Law, apostate, =2=,
358, 377.
theosophist, =2=, 381.
assists Hadrian in persecuting the Law, =2=, 426.
and Meïr, =2=, 437.
daughters of, =2=, 452.
=Elisha Gallaico=, member of Karo’s rabbinical college, =4=, 616.
=Elishama=, keeper of the lists, favors submission to Nebuchadnezzar,
=1=, 305.
=Elizabeth=, of Brunswick, has Templo’s work translated, =5=, 114-15.
=Elizabeth=, of England, and Maria Nuñes, =4=, 664.
=Elkanah Kapsali=, of Candia, ransoms Spanish exiles, =4=, 364.
=Elon=, judge, =1=, 66.
=Elulai=, king of Tyre, subdued by Shalmaneser, =1=, 263.
=El-Uz.= _See_ Usha.
=Elvira.= _See_ Illiberis.
=Elymæans=, the, have a synagogue in Jerusalem, =2=, 201.
=Elymais=, falls to Nabopolassar, =1=, 303.
=Emancipation of Jews=, the, advocated by John Toland, =5=, 197-8.
favored by Mirabeau, =5=, 433-4.
accomplished by the French, =5=, 459.
urged by Michael Berr, =5=, 460-1, 527.
opposed by Fichte, =5=, 462.
dependent on that of French Jews, =5=, 480.
favored by Dalberg, =5=, 504.
favored by Hardenberg, =5=, 507.
favored by Denmark, =5=, 519, 531.
advocated before the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, =5=, 525-7.
favored by Alexander I, =5=, 527.
urged by Italian Jews, =5=, 527.
advocated by Zunz, =5=, 621.
hindrances to, in Judaism, =5=, 675.
completed by the February revolutions, =5=, 696-7.
_See also_ Citizenship.
=Emancipation= of the Austrian Jews, the, by Joseph II, =5=, 357-8.
=Emancipation= of the Baden Jews, the, =5=, 502-3.
=Emancipation= of the Bavarian Jews, the partial, =5=, 508.
=Emancipation= of the Dutch Jews, the, celebrated by Friedrichsfeld,
=5=, 400.
promoted by French victories, =5=, 452.
opposed by Van Swieden, =5=, 453-4.
opposed by representative Amsterdam Jews, =5=, 454.
Jewish advocates of, =5=, 454-5.
Christian objections to, =5=, 455-6.
favored by Noel, =5=, 456.
passed by the National Assembly, =5=, 456.
does not delight the Jews, =5=, 456-7.
=Emancipation= of the English Jews, the, =5=, 336-8, 430, 698.
discussed in Parliament, =5=, 601.
advocated by O’Connell, =5=, 653.
=Emancipation= of the Frankfort Jews, the, =5=, 505.
discussed in the Senate, =5=, 598.
=Emancipation= of the French Jews, the, promoted by Cerf Berr, =5=,
430, 431.
discussed by the National Assembly, =5=, 439-41.
favored by the heroes of the Revolution, =5=, 441.
opposition to, =5=, 441-2.
equivocal decision on, =5=, 442.
granted to the Portuguese section, =5=, 442-3, 444-5.
subject of a petition to the National Assembly, =5=, 443.
before the Paris Commune, =5=, 443-5.
Abbé Mulot on, =5=, 443-4.
opposed by the Duc de Broglie, =5=, 447.
advocated by Duport, =5=, 447-8.
passed by the National Assembly, =5=, 448.
celebrated by Berr Isaac Berr, =5=, 448-9.
recognized by the Constitution of the Directory, =5=, 452.
endangered, =5=, 476.
objected to by Bonald, =5=, 478-9.
laid before Napoleon’s council, =5=, 479.
determines that of Jews in other countries, =5=, 480.
advocated by Beugnot, =5=, 480.
opposed by Napoleon, =5=, 480.
urged by Regnault and Ségur, =5=, 480-1.
guaranteed by Napoleon, =5=, 492.
curtailed by Napoleon, =5=, 498-9.
under Louis XVIII, =5=, 524-5.
curtailed under the Bourbons, =5=, 596.
considered by Louis Philippe, =5=, 597.
advocated by Mérilhou, =5=, 597.
completed in the Chamber of Peers, =5=, 597.
=Emancipation= of the German Jews, the, promoted by Dohm’s plea,
=5=, 356-7.
promoted by the French, =5=, 459.
urged by the Peace Congress of Rastadt, =5=, 463.
writers against, =5=, 468-70, 472.
retarded by the reaction after Napoleon’s fall, =5=, 512.
urged before the Congress of Vienna, =5=, 513-14.
favored by Hardenberg and Metternich, =5=, 514.
promised in the constitution drawn up by Humboldt, =5=, 514.
retarded by Teutomania, =5=, 516.
opposed by Rühs, =5=, 517.
promised by the Act of Federation, =5=, 518.
opposed by the Hanse Towns, =5=, 519.
favored by Holstein, =5=, 519.
defeated at the Congress of Vienna, =5=, 519-20.
pamphlet literature against, =5=, 521.
favored by Krämer, =5=, 521-2.
leads to estrangement from Judaism, =5=, 560.
Riesser interested in, =5=, 599-600.
on the programme of the liberal party, =5=, 602.
=Emancipation= of the Hessian Jews, the, legalized, =5=, 601.
=Emancipation= of the Italian Jews, the, undone by Pius VII, =5=, 518.
=Emancipation= of the Jews in the Hanse Towns, the, =5=, 506-7.
=Emancipation= of the Mecklenburg Jews, the, =5=, 507.
=Emancipation= of the Prussian Jews, the, struggle for, begun,
=5=, 414-16.
partial, =5=, 507.
granted by Frederick William III, =5=, 508, 630.
a dead letter, =5=, 524.
=Emancipation= of the Turkish Jews, the, by Abdul Meg’id, =5=, 641.
=Emancipation= of the Westphalian Jews, the, =5=, 500-1.
medal commemorative of, =5=, 501.
=Emanuel=, Byzantine emperor, and his Jewish physician, =3=, 425.
=Embicho=, bishop of Würzburg, protects the Jews, =3=, 354.
=Emden, Jacob= (Ashkenazi, Jabez, 1698-1776), grandson of Jacob
Ashkenazi, anti-Sabbatian, =5=, 221.
son of Chacham Zevi, studies of, =5=, 254-5.
character of, =5=, 255.
as rabbi, =5=, 255.
candidate for the rabbinate of the “three communities,” =5=, 255-6.
antipathy of, to heretics, =5=, 256.
induced not to expose Eibeschütz, =5=, 257-8.
calls on Eibeschütz to clear himself, =5=, 258.
punished by the Council, =5=, 258-9.
persecuted in Altona, =5=, 260.
excommunicated and flees to Amsterdam, =5=, 261.
returns to Altona, =5=, 265, 266.
historian of the Sabbatian movement, =5=, 266.
maligned by Charles Anton, =5=, 267.
refutes Eibeschütz’s defense, =5=, 270.
appealed to by the Polish rabbis, =5=, 277-8.
exposes the Zohar as a forgery, =5=, 278.
sanctions Frankist persecutions, =5=, 278.
triumphant, =5=, 289.
refers the Schwerin Jews to Mendelssohn, =5=, 318.
opposes Mendelssohn on the subject of hasty burial, =5=, 318-19.
=Emden=, Portuguese Marranos arrive at, =4=, 665.
Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.
=Emek ha-Bacha=, by Joseph ben Joshua Cohen, =4=, 590, 608.
=Emesa=, native town of Julia Domna, =2=, 468.
=Emicho.= _See_ Emmerich.
=Emim=, descendants of the Anakim and Rephaim, =1=, 2.
=Emmaus= (Gimso), Synhedrion established at, =2=, 71.
burnt, =2=, 126.
effort to establish an academy at, =2=, 334.
destroyed by an earthquake, =2=, 408-9.
=Emmerich= (Emicho), of Leiningen, leader of the first crusade,
massacres the Jews, =3=, 303.
disgraceful end of the crusaders under, =3=, 306.
accused before Henry IV, =3=, 307.
“=Emunoth=,” Kabbalistic work by Shem Tob ben Joseph, =4=, 197.
=Emunoth we-Deoth=, philosophical work by Saadiah, =3=, 197-8.
=Endor=, camp of Gideon, =1=, 62.
Saul’s camp, =1=, 103.
the witch of, =1=, 103.
“=Enemy= of the Jews, The,” Pfefferkorn’s second pamphlet, =4=,
427-8.
=Engadi=, Essene center, =2=, 25.
=Engel=, friend of Mendelssohn, =5=, 372.
=England=, rabbis of, emigrate to Jerusalem, =3=, 505-6.
Marranos unkindly received in, =4=, 509.
struggles for religious freedom in, =5=, 25-8.
Jews gradually establish themselves in, =5=, 49-50.
anomalous position of Jews in, =5=, 50.
ambassador of, intercedes for the Moravian and Bohemian
Jews, =5=, 253.
the first country to emancipate the Jews, =5=, 430.
in the Quadruple Alliance, =5=, 658.
=England, the Jews of=, protected during the second crusade, =3=, 356.
prosperous under Henry II, =3=, 409.
under Richard I, =3=, 409-16.
abused at Richard’s coronation, =3=, 410-11.
massacre of, =3=, 412-16.
under John, =3=, 416, 504-5.
imprisoned, =3=, 505.
wear the Jew badge, =3=, 515, 516.
hated on account of their usurious rates, =3=, 571.
under Henry III, =3=, 587-92.
Christians not permitted to sell food to, =3=, 588.
tax imposed on, =3=, 589.
charges against, =3=, 589.
pledged to the king’s brother, =3=, 590.
restrictions put on, by the Church, =3=, 590.
not permitted to leave England, =3=, 591.
the blood accusation preferred against, =3=, 591.
under Edward I, =3=, 640-6.
the statute of Judaism passed against, =3=, 642.
charged with counterfeiting and clipping coin, =3=, 642.
imprisoned, =3=, 642-3, 645.
forced to listen to Dominican sermons, =3=, 643.
denounced to Honorius IV, =3=, 645.
banished and ill-treated, =3=, 645-6.
take refuge in France, Germany, Spain, =3=, 646.
emancipation of, advocated, =5=, 197-8.
pay the alien duty, =5=, 337.
urge their emancipation, =5=, 337.
naturalization of, =5=, 337-8.
under Polish influence, =5=, 558.
emancipation of, =5=, 601, 653, 698.
act in the Damascus affair, =5=, 644-5, 651-2.
public-spiritedness of, =5=, 703.
number of, =5=, 703.
=England, the re-settlement of Jews in=, prospects of, =5=, 18-19.
suggested by Messianic hopes, =5=, 28.
negotiations for, interrupted, =5=, 34.
before the Short Parliament, =5=, 34.
the subject of three petitions, =5=, 35.
reasons for, stated by Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 39-42.
favored by Cromwell, =5=, 42-3.
in the hands of a commission, =5=, 43-5.
objections to, =5=, 44-5.
literature on, =5=, 45-6.
=Enns=, the Jews of, charged with host desecration, =4=, 223.
=Enoch, the Book of=, Kabbalistic source, =4=, 17.
=Enoch Saporta=, Rabbanite teacher of Karaites, =4=, 270.
=Enriquez, Antonio de Gomez.= _See_ Paz, Enrique Enriquez de.
=En-Rogel=, spring south of Jerusalem, =1=, 114.
=Ensheim, Moses=, one of the Measfim, mathematician, and the
emancipation of the French Jews, =5=, 401, 450.
=Ensisheim=, tower of, Meïr of Rothenburg imprisoned in, =3=, 639.
=En-Sof=, title of God in the Kabbala, =3=, 550.
emanations of, =3=, 550-1.
in the Zohar, =4=, 14.
the son of heaven, =5=, 124.
=En-Vidal Ephraim Gerundi=, rabbi of Majorca, =4=, 162.
martyr, =4=, 171.
=En-Zag Vidal de Tolosa=, rabbi, calumniated, =4=, 155.
=Epaone=, the council of, forbids Christians to take part in Jewish
banquets, =3=, 37.
=Épée, de l’=, Abbé, anticipated by Pereira, =5=, 343.
=Ephes-Damim=, scene of David’s victory over Goliath, =1=, 97.
=Ephesus=, a Greek-Christian community in, =2=, 227.
chief seat of the Pagan Christians, =2=, 367.
=Ephoros=, Jewish overseer in Greece, Macedonia, Illyria, =3=, 27.
=Ephraim, the tribe of=, in contact with the Egyptians, =1=, 7.
takes Bethel, =1=, 34.
claims the central lands of Canaan, =1=, 35-6.
and the Danites, =1=, 39.
holds assemblies at Shiloh, =1=, 41.
opposes intermarriages with the heathen, =1=, 56.
keeps worshipers from Shiloh, =1=, 57.
assists Ehud against the Moabites =1=, 60.
in conflict with Manasseh, =1=, 63.
attacked by the Ammonites, =1=, 64.
quarrels with Jephthah, =1=, 65.
oppressed by the Philistines, =1=, 71.
not well disposed towards David, =1=, 114.
sides with Absalom, =1=, 140.
persuaded to separate from Solomon, =1=, 176.
chooses Jeroboam as king, =1=, 182-3.
end of, =1=, 265-6.
=Ephraim of Tyre=, head of the Jews of Tyre, =3=, 426.
=Ephraim ben Jacob= of Bonn (1132-1200), Talmudist and liturgical
poet, =3=, 419.
=Ephraim=, mountain, description of, =1=, 45.
=Epicrates=, general of Ptolemy VIII, fights against the Judæans,
=2=, 11.
=Epicurus=, teachings of, accepted in Judæa, =1=, 429.
=Epiphanes=, son of Antiochus of Commagene, affianced to Drusilla,
=2=, 195, 235.
=Epistles= to the Hebrews, the, urge the separation of Jewish
Christians from Jews, =2=, 371.
=Epistolæ= Obscurorum Virorum, by Crotus Rubianus, a Reuchlinist
work, =4=, 461-2.
_See_ “Letters of Obscurantists.”
=Eras= used by the Jews, =1=, 417; =2=, 134; =3=, 433; =4=, 394-5.
=Erasmus=, as humanist, =4=, 432, 433.
supposed author of the “Letters of Obscurantists,” =4=, 462.
on hatred of the Jews, =4=, 462-3.
in the pantomime on the Reformation, =4=, 468.
=Eravi.= _See_ Airvi.
=Erfurt=, refuge of Archbishop Ruthard of Mayence, =3=, 307.
=Erfurt, the Jews of=, persecuted, =3=, 611.
during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 109.
=Erfurt, the university of=, consulted regarding the confiscation of
Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441.
theologians of, sanction the burning of the “Augenspiegel,”
=4=, 452.
=Ergas, Joseph=, Kabbalist, denounces Chayon, =5=, 227.
=Ermengarde=, princess of Narbonne, Jews under, =3=, 392.
“=Errors= of the Doctrine of the Trinity,” by Michael Servetus, =4=,
541.
=Erter, Isaac= (1792-1851), Galician scholar, re-animates the Hebrew
language, =5=, 612-13, 617.
education and marriages of, =5=, 613.
self-culture of, =5=, 613-14.
influence of Rapoport and Krochmal on, =5=, 614.
excommunicated, =5=, 614-15.
satirizes Orenstein, =5=, 615.
style of, =5=, 615-16.
poverty of, =5=, 616.
poetry of, compared with S. D. Luzzatto’s, =5=, 623.
writes an account of the Damascus affair, =5=, 671.
=Erwig=, Visigothic king, usurper, enacts anti-Jewish laws,
=3=, 106-7.
=Esarhaddon=, king of Assyria, reduces Babylonia, =1=, 284.
takes Manasseh prisoner, =1=, 285.
=Esau=, honored by a Gnostic sect, =2=, 375.
=Eschenloer=, town clerk of Breslau, protests against cruelty towards
Jews, =4=, 262.
=Escrivao=, Jewish-Portuguese official, =4=, 159.
“=Eshkol ha-Kofer=,” Karaite work by Jehuda ben Elia Hadassi, =3=,
362.
=Eskapha, Joseph=, Talmudist, teacher of Sabbataï Zevi, =5=, 118.
excommunicates him, =5=, 122.
=Eskeles, Issachar Berush=, intercedes for the Moravian Jews, =5=,
252, 253.
=Eski-Crimea.= _See_ Sulchat.
=Esperaindo, Juan de=, assassin of Arbues, =4=, 330.
=Essenes=, the, offshoot from the Assidæan party, =2=, 16-17, 24.
give rise to the Pharisees, =2=, 17.
wherein opposed to the Pharisees, =2=, 18.
allied with the Pharisees, =2=, 24.
rigid celebration of the Sabbath by, =2=, 24.
Nazarite practices of, =2=, 24-5.
celibates, =2=, 25.
settle in Engadi, =2=, 25.
communism of, =2=, 26.
habits of, =2=, 26-7.
mysticism of, =2=, 27-8.
popular, =2=, 29.
fatalists, =2=, 30.
avoid the Temple, =2=, 30.
initiation into the brotherhood of, =2=, 30-1.
prophetic power ascribed to, =2=, 100.
exempt from swearing allegiance to Herod, =2=, 108.
conception of the Messianic age by, =2=, 145.
the first to proclaim the advent of the Messiah, =2=, 145.
Jesus attracted to, =2=, 150-1.
displeased with Jesus, =2=, 162.
followers of Jesus, =2=, 219-20.
=Essenism=, the kernel of Christianity, =2=, 142.
=Essex=, Earl of, takes Cadiz, =4=, 665.
=Essinger, Samuel=, testifies in favor of Eibeschütz, =5=, 262.
=Estella=, the Jews of, massacred, =4=, 77-8, 144.
=Esther= (Esterka), mistress of Casimir III, =4=, 112.
“=Esther=,” epic by Ansaldo Ceba, =5=, 69, 70.