CONCLUSION
Conclusion—Charles in 1762—Flight of Miss Walkinshaw—Charles quarrels
with France—Remonstrance from Murray—Death of King James—Charles returns
to Rome—His charm—His disappointments—Lochgarry enters the Portuguese
service—Charles declines to recognise Miss Walkinshaw—Report of his
secret marriage to Miss Walkinshaw—Denied by the lady—Charles breaks with
Lumisden—Bishop Forbes—Charles’s marriage—The Duchess of Albany—‘All ends
in song’—The Princesse de Talmond—The end.
WITH the death of Pickle, the shabby romance of the last Jacobite
struggle finds its natural close.
Of Charles we need say little more. Macallester represents him as
hanging about the coasts of England in 1761–1762, looking out for
favourable landing-places, or sending his valet, Stuart, to scour Paris
in search of Miss Walkinshaw. That luckless lady fled from Charles at
Bouillon to Paris in July 1760, with her daughter, and found refuge in a
convent. As Lord Elcho reports her conversation, Charles was wont to
beat her cruelly. For general circulation she averred that she and James
merely wished her daughter to be properly educated. {316}
Charles, in fact, picked a new quarrel with France on the score of his
daughter. Louis refused to make Miss Walkinshaw (now styled Countess of
Albertroff) resign her child to Charles’s keeping. He was very fond of
children, and Macallester, who hated him, declares that, when hiding in
the Highlands, he would amuse himself by playing with the baby of a
shepherd’s wife. None the less, his habits made him no proper guardian
of his own little girl. {317} In 1762, young Oliphant of Gask, who
visited the Prince at Bouillon, reports that he will have nothing to do
with France till his daughter is restored to him. He held moodily aloof,
and then the Peace came. Lumisden complains that ‘Burton’ (the Prince)
is ‘intractable.’ He sulked at Bouillon, where he hunted in the forests.
Here is a sad and tender admonition from Murray, whose remonstrances were
more softly conveyed than those of Goring:
‘Thursday.
‘When I have the honour of being with you I am miserable, upon seeing
you take so little care of a health which is so precious to every
honest man, but more so to me in particular, because I know you, and
therefore can’t help loving, honouring, and esteeming you; but alass!
what service can my zeal and attachment be to my dear master, unless
he lays down a plan and system, and follows it, such as his subjects
and all mankind will, and must approve of.’
Young Gask repeats the same melancholy tale. Charles was hopeless. For
some inscrutable reason he was true to Stafford (who had aided his secret
flight from Rome in 1744) and to Sheridan, supporting them at Avignon.
‘Old Mr. Misfortunate’ (King James) died at Rome it 1766; he never saw
his ‘dearest Carluccio’ after the Prince stole out of the city, full of
hope, in 1744—
‘A fairy Prince with happy eyes
And lighter-footed than the fox.’
James expired ‘without the least convulsion or agony,’ says Lumisden,
‘but with his usual mild serenity in his countenance. . . . He seemed
rather to be asleep than dead.’ A proscribed exile from his cradle,
James was true to faith and honour. What other defeated and fugitive
adventurer ever sent money to the hostile general for the peasants who
had suffered from the necessities of war?
On January 23, 1766, Lumisden met Charles on his way to Rome. ‘His legs
and feet were considerably swelled by the fatigue of the journey. In
other respects he enjoys perfect health, and charms every one who
approaches him.’ The Prince was ‘miraculously’ preserved when his coach
was overturned on a precipice near Bologna. Some jewels and family
relics had not been returned by Cluny, and there were difficulties about
sending a messenger for them: these occupy much of Lumisden’s
correspondence.
Charles met only with ‘mortifications’ at Rome. The Pope dared not treat
him on a Royal footing. In April 1766, our old friend, Lochgarry, took
service with Portugal. Charles sent congratulations, ‘and doubts not
your son will be ready to draw the sword in his just Cause.’ The sword
remained undrawn. Charles had now but an income of 47,000 _livres_; he
amused himself as he might with shooting, and playing the French horn!
He never forgave Miss Walkinshaw, whom his brother, the Cardinal,
maintained, poorly enough. Lumisden writes to the lady (July 14, 1766):
‘No one knows the King’s temper better than you do. He has never, so far
as I can discover, mentioned your name. Nor do I believe that he either
knows where you are, nor how you are maintained. His passion must still
greatly cool before any application can be made to him in your behalf.’
A report was circulated that Charles was secretly married to Miss
Walkinshaw. On February 16, 1767, Lumisden wrote to Waters on ‘the
dismal consequences of such a rumour,’ and, by the Duke of York’s desire,
bade Waters obtain a denial from the lady. On March 11 the Duke received
Miss Walkinshaw’s formal affidavit that no marriage existed. ‘It has
entirely relieved him from the uneasiness the villainous report naturally
gave him.’ On January 5, 1768, Lumisden had to tell Miss Walkinshaw that
‘His Royal Highness insists you shall always remain in a monastery.’
Lumisden was always courteous to Miss Walkinshaw. Of her daughter he
writes: ‘May she ever possess in the highest degree, those elegant charms
of body and mind, which you so justly and assiduously cultivate. . . .
Did the King know that I had wrote to you, he would never pardon me.’
On December 20, 1768, Charles had broken with Lumisden and the rest of
his suite. ‘Our behaviour towards him was that of faithful subjects and
servants, jealous at all times to preserve his honour and reputation.’
They had, in brief, declined to accompany Charles in his carriage when
his condition demanded seclusion. Lumisden writes (December 8, 1767),
‘His Royal Highness’ (the Duke of York) ‘thanked us for our behaviour in
the strongest terms.’
We need follow no further the story of a consummated degradation.
Charles threw off one by one, on grounds of baseless suspicion, Lord
George Murray, Kelly (to please Lord Marischal), Goring, and now drove
from him his most attached servants. He never suspected Glengarry. But
neither time, nor despair, nor Charles’s own fallen self could kill the
loyalty of Scotland. Bishop Forbes, far away, heard of his crowning
folly, and—blamed Lumisden and his companion, Hay of Restalrig! When
Charles, on Good Friday, 1772, married Louise of Stolberg, the remnant of
the faithful in Scotland drank to ‘the fairest Fair,’ and to an heir of
the Crown.
‘L’Écosse ne peut pas te juger: elle t’ aime!’
[Picture: The King, 1780 (?)]
Into the story of an heir, born at Sienna, and entrusted to Captain
Allen, R.N., to be brought up in England, we need not enter. In Lord
Braye’s manuscripts (published by the Historical MSS. Commission) is
Charles’s solemn statement that, except Miss Walkinshaw’s daughter, he
had no child. The time has not come to tell the whole strange tale of
‘John Stolberg Sobieski Stuart and Charles Edward Stuart,’ if, indeed,
that tale can ever be told. {321} Nor does space permit an investigation
of Charles’s married life, of his wife’s elopement with Alfieri, and of
the last comparatively peaceful years in the society of a daughter who
soon followed him to the tomb. The stories about that daughter’s
marriage to a Swedish Baron Roehenstart, and about their son, merit no
attention. In the French Foreign Office archives is a wild plan for
marrying the lady, Charlotte Stuart, to a Stuart—any Stuart, and raising
their unborn son’s standard in the American colonies! That an offer was
made from America to Charles himself, in 1778, was stated by Scott to
Washington Irving on the authority of a document in the Stuart Papers at
Windsor. That paper could not be found for Lord Stanhope, nor have I
succeeded in finding it. The latest Scottish honour done to the King was
Burns’s ‘Birthday Ode’ of 1787, and his song for ‘The Bonny Lass o’
Albany.’
‘This lovely maid’s of royal blood,
That rulèd Albion’s kingdoms three,
But oh, alas for her bonnie face!
They hae wrang’d the lass of Albanie!’
_Tout finit par des chansons_!
Of the Stuart cause we may say, as Callimachus says of his dead friend
Heraclitus:
‘Still are thy pleasant voices, thy nightingales awake,
For death takes everything away, but these he cannot take.’
A hundred musical notes keep green the memory of the last Prince of
Romance, the beloved, the beautiful, the brave Prince Charlie—_everso
missus succurrere saeclo_. The overturned age was not to be rescued by
charms and virtues which the age itself was to ruin and destroy. Loyal
memories are faithful, not to what the Prince became under stress of
exile, and treachery, and hope deferred, and death in life, _de vivre et
de pas vivre_—but to what he once was, _Tearlach Righ nan Gael_.
Of one character in this woful tale a word may be said. The Princesse de
Talmond was visited by Horace Walpole in 1765. He found her in
‘charitable apartments in the Luxembourg,’ and he tripped over cats and
stools (and other things) in the twilight of a bedroom hung with pictures
of Saints and Sobieskis. At last, and very late, the hour of her
conversion had been granted, by St. François Xavier, to the prayers of
her husband. We think of the Baroness Bernstein in her latest days as we
read of the end of the Princesse. She had governed Charles ‘with fury
and folly.’ Of all the women who had served him—Flora Macdonald, Madame
de Vassé, Mademoiselle Luci, Miss Walkinshaw—did he remember none when he
wrote that he understood men, but despaired of understanding women, ‘they
being so much more wicked and impenetrable’? {323}
FOOTNOTES
{3} Edition of 1832, i. p. x.
{12a} _History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle_. London, 1838, iii. 279.
{12b} _An authentic account of the conduct of the Young Chevalier_, p.
7. Third edition, 1749.
{13} London, 1879.
{15a} _Letters from Italy by an Englishwoman_, ii. 198. London 1776.
Cited by Lord Stanhope, iii. 556. Horace Mann to the Duke of Newcastle.
State Papers. Tuscany. Jan. ½½, 174¾. In Ewald, i. 87. Both
authorities speak of _blue_ eyes.
{15b} A false Charles appeared in Selkirkshire in 1745. See Mr. Craig
Brown’s _History of Ettrick Forest_. The French, in 1759, meant to send
a false Charles to Ireland with Thurot. Another appeared at Civita
Vecchia about 1752. The tradition of Roderick Mackenzie, who died under
English bullets, crying ‘You have slain your Prince,’ is familiar. We
shall meet other pseudo-Charles’s.
{17a} Ewald, i. 41.
{17b} _Documentos Ineditos_. Madrid. 1889. Vol. xciii. 18.
{18a} _Voyages de Montesquieu_. Bordeaux, 1894. p. 250.
{18b} _Letters of De Brosses_, as translated by Lord Stanhope, iii. 72.
{18c} See authorities in Ewald, i. 48–50.
{19a} Ewald, ii. 30. Scott’s Journal, i. 114.
{19b} Dennistoun’s _Life of Strange_, i. 63, and an Abbotsford
manuscript.
{20a} Stuart Papers, in the Queen’s Library. Also the Lockhart Papers
mention the wounding of the horse.
{20b} _Life and Correspondence of David Hume_. Hill Burton, ii.
464–466.
{21a} _Jacobite Memoirs_. Lord Elcho’s MS. Journal. Ewald, i. 77.
{21b} State Papers Domestic. 1745. No. 79.
{21c} _Genuine Memoirs of John Murray of Broughton_. _La Spedizione di
Carlo Stuart_.
{23a} Treasury Papers. 1745. No. 214. First published by Mr. Ewald, i.
215.
{23b} _Jacobite Memoirs_, p. 32.
{24a} Chambers _Rebellion of_ 1745, i. 71. The authority is
‘Tradition.’
{24b} I have read parts of Forbes’s manuscript in the Advocates’
Library, but difficulties were made when I wished to study it for this
book.
{25a} _D’Argenson’s Mémoires_.
{25b} This gentleman died at Carlisle in 1745, according to Bishop
Forbes. _Jacobite Memoirs_, p. 4.
{26a} Stuart MSS. in Windsor Castle.
{26b} Stuart Papers. Browne’s _History of the Highland Clans_, iii.
481.
{27a} James to Lismore. June 23, 1749. Stuart MSS.
{28a} Stanhope. Vol. iii. Appendix, p. xl.
{28b} _Jacobite Memoirs_.
{30a} The Kelly of Atterbury’s Conspiracy, long a prisoner in the Tower.
It is fair to add that Bulkeley, Montesquieu’s friend, defended Kelly.
{31a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iii. 433. September 13, 1745.
{32a} Macallester’s book is entitled _A Series of Letters_, &c. London,
1767.
{32b} Wogan to Edgar. Stuart Papers, 1750.
{33a} D’Argenson, iv. 316–320.
{33b} Stair Papers.
{33c} Letters in the State Paper Office. S. P. Tuscany. Walton sends
to England copies of the letters of James’s adherents in Paris; Horace
Mann sends the letters of Townley, whom James so disliked.
{35a} D’Argenson’s _Mémoires_, v. 98, fol.
{35b} _Ibid._ v. 183.
{36a} Published by the Duc de Broglie, in _Revue d’Histoire
Diplomatique_. No. 4. Paris, 1891.
{37a} Browne, iv. 36–38.
{38a} _Genuine Copies of Letters_, _&c._ London, 1748.
{38b} _An Account of the Prince’s Arrival in France_, p. 66. London,
1754.
{39a} There are letters of Bulkeley’s to Montesquieu as early as 1728.
_Voyages de Montesquieu_, p. xx. note 3.
{40a} In his work on Madame de Pompadour (p. 109), M. Capefigue avers
that he discovered, in the archives of the French Police, traces of an
English plot to assassinate Prince Charles; the Jacobites believed in
such attempts, not without reason, as we shall prove.
{41a} Walton. S. P. Tuscany. No. 55.
{43} _Mémoires_, iv. 322.
{46a} See _Le Secret du Roi_, by the Duc de Broglie.
{46b} _Tales of the Century_, p. 25.
{46c} _Pol. Corresp. of Frederick the Great_, v. 114. No. 2,251.
{46d} _Ibid._ vi. 125. No. 3,086.
{49a} D’Argenson, v. 417. March 19, 1749. D’Argenson knew more than
the police.
{50a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. p. 51.
{51a} _Mémoires_, v. 417.
{51b} _Tales of the Century_, ii. 48, ‘from information of Sir Ralph
Hamilton.’
{51c} ‘Information by Baron de Rondeau and Sir Ralph Hamilton.’
{52a} S. P. France. No. 442.
{52b} S. P. Tuscany. No. 58. Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. 52.
{52c} S. P. France. No. 442.
{52d} This may have been true.
{52e} S. P. Tuscany. No. 55.
{53a} Dr. King made a Latin speech on this occasion, rich in Jacobite
innuendoes. _Redeat_ was often repeated.
{53b} S. P. Poland. No. 75.
{58a} S. P. Russia. No. 59.
{61} _Pol. Corr._, vi. 572, vii. 23.
{62a} Browne. Stuart Papers, iii. 502.
{62b} S. P. Tuscany. No. 54.
{63} Hanbury Williams. From Dresden, July 2, 1749.
{64} James had previously wished Charles to marry a Princess of Modena.
{65a} Mann, June 19, 1750.
{65b} Stuart Papers. Browne, ii. 73.
{68} _Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford_, ii. 69. Bedford to
Albemarle. Also _op. cit._ ii. 15. March 13, 1749. Bedford to Colonel
Yorke.
{69} Browne, iv. 57, 63.
{70a} In the Gask Papers it is said that 5,000_l._ was sent by Cluny to
Major Kennedy. Kennedy himself buried the money.
{70b} All these facts are taken from the Stuart Papers, in manuscript at
Windsor Castle.
{71} Le 3. A. 1749. Projet pour mon arrive a Paris, et Le Conduit de
Mr. Benn. Mr. Benn doit s’en aller droit à Dijon et son Compagnion Mr.
Smith a Paris; Il faudra pour Mr. Smith une Chese [chaise] qu’il
acheterra a Lunéville, ensuite il prendra Le Domestique du C. P. à Ligny,
mais en partent d’icy il faudra que le Sieur Smith mont a Chevall et La
Chese pourra y aller come pour son Retour a Paris. La personne dedans
parraitrait profiter de cette occasion. Le Sieur Bonn doit rester quelqe
jours come desiran acheter une Cofre et remettra La Sienne come par
amitié au Sr. Smith, tout cecy paroissant d’hazard. Ensuite Le Sr. Smith
continuera au Plustot son Chemin, et son Ami ira Le Sien en attendant, un
peu de jours et à son arrivé a Dij. il doit Ecrive a Personne qu’il soite
excepte La Lettre au—W. Le Ch. Gre. qu’il doit voire (et a qui il peut
dire davoire ete a Di—Charge par Le P., sans meme Nomer son Camerade mais
come tout seule) ne sachant rien davantage, et le laissant dans
l’obscuriné, comme s’il Etoit dans le meme Cas, attendant des Nouvelles
Ordres, sans rien outre savoire ou pouvoire penetre Etant deja Longtems
sans me voire.’ Holograph of P. Charles.
{79} Under the late Empire (1863) the convent was the hotel of the
Minister of War. Hither, about 1748, came Madame du Deffand, later the
superannuated adorer of the hard-hearted Horace Walpole, and here was her
famous _salon moire jaune_, _aux næuds couleur de feu_. Here she
entertained the President Hénault, Bulkeley, Montesquieu (whose own house
was in the same street), Lord Bath, and all the _philosophes_, giving
regular suppers on Mondays. In the same conventual chambers resided, in
1749, Madame de Talmond, Madame de Vassé, and her friend Mademoiselle
Ferrand, whose address Charles wrote, as we saw, in his note-book (March
1749).
{80} Grimm, ii. p. 183.
{82} S. P. France. June 4, 1749. Ewald, ii. 200.
{83} Translated from the French original at Windsor Castle.
{86} _Histoire de Montesquieu_, par L. Vian, p. 196.
{87} _Correspondance de Madame du Deffand_. Edition of M. de Lescure,
ii. 737–742.
{91} D’Argenson confirms or exaggerates this information.
{92} Browne, v. 66. Letter of Young Glengarry, January 16, 1750.
{97} Browne, iv. 68. I have not found the original in the Stuart Papers
at Windsor.
{101} The Mr. Dormer who was Charles’s agent is described in _Burke_ as
‘James, of Antwerp,’ sixth son, by his second marriage, of Charles, fifth
Lord Dormer.
{103} State Papers. Examination of Æneas Macdonald.
{105} July 1, 1754. Browne, iv. 122.
{106} Mr. Ewald’s dates, as to the Prince’s English jaunt, are wrong.
He has adopted those concerning the lady’s movements, ii. 201.
{107} Charles himself (S. P. Tuscany, December 16, 1783) told these
facts. But Hume is responsible for the visit to Lady Primrose, dating it
in 1753; wrongly, I think.
{108} Private Memorandum concerning the Pretender’s eldest son. Brit.
Mus. Additional MSS.
{110} A medal of 1750 bears a profile of Charles, as does one of
September 1752.
{111} This may be of 1752–1753, and the ‘Channoine’ may be Miss
Walkinshaw, who was a canoness of a noble order.
{113} Montesquieu to the Abbé de Guasco, March 7, 1749.
{118} The sequel of the chivalrous attempt to catch Keith’s mistress may
he found in letters of Newcastle to Colonel Guy Dickens (February 12,
1751), and of Dickens (St. Petersburg, March 27, 30, May 4, 1751) to the
Duke of Newcastle. (State Papers.)
{119} _Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford_, ii. 69.
{125} _Letters_, ii. 116.
{126} Spence’s _Anecdotes_, p. 168.
{127a} Browne, iv. 17.
{127b} Stuart Papers.
{127c} _Ibid._
{128a} Potzdam, August 24, 1751. _Œuvres_, xxxviii. 307. Edition of
1880.
{128b} Newcastle to Lord Chancellor, September 6, 1751. _Life of Lord
Hardwicke_, ii. 404.
{130a} _Anecdotes_.
{130b} Stuart Papers. Lady Montagu was Barbara, third daughter of Sir
John Webbe of Hathorp, county Gloucester. In July 1720 she married
Anthony Brown, sixth Viscount Montagu.
{131} Walton’s _Life of Wotton_.
{132a} Browne, iv. 89–90.
{133a} S. P. France, 455.
{135} S. P. Poland, No. 79.
{137} Angleterre, 81, f. 94, 1774.
{138} Pichot, in his _Vie de Charles Edouard_, obviously cites this
document, which is quoted from him by the Sobieski Stuarts in _Tales of
the Century_. But Pichot does not name the source of his statements.
{139} A French agent, Beson probably, whom Charles desired to dismiss,
_because_ a Frenchman.
{141} Scott’s _Letters_, ii. 208. June 29, 1824.
{144} For reasons already given, namely, that Madame de Vassé was the
only daughter of her father by his wife, and that Mademoiselle Ferrand
was her great friend, while the Prince addresses Mademoiselle Luci by a
name derived from an estate of the Ferrands, I have identified
Mademoiselle Ferrand with Mademoiselle Luci. This, however, is only an
hypothesis.
{145} Some of Pickle’s letters were published by Mr. Murray Rose in an
essay called ‘An Infamous Spy, James Mohr Macgregor,’ in the _Scotsman_,
March 15, 1895. This article was brought to my notice on June 22, 1896.
As the author identifies Pickle with James Mohr Macgregor, though Pickle
began to communicate with the English Government while James was a
prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, and continued to do so for years after
James’s death, it is plain that he is in error, and that the transactions
need a fresh examination. Mr. Murray Rose, in the article cited, does
not indicate the _provenance_ of the documents which he publishes. When
used in this work they are copied from the originals in the British
Museum, among the papers of the Pelham Administration. The transcripts
have been for several years in my hands, but I desire to acknowledge Mr.
Murray Rose’s priority in printing some of the documents, which, in my
opinion, he wholly misunderstood, at least on March 15, 1895. How many
he printed, if any, besides those in the _Scotsman_, and in what
periodicals, I am not informed.
{149a} The portrait, now at Balgownie, was long in the possession of the
Threiplands of Fingask. I have only seen a photograph, in the Scottish
Museum of Antiquities.
{149b} MS. in Laing Collection, Edinburgh University Library.
{150a} A note of Craigie’s communicated by Mr. Omond.
{150b} Cope to Forbes of Culloden, August 24, 1745. _Culloden Papers_,
p. 384.
{150c} _Culloden Papers_, p. 405.
{150d} Young Glengarry to Edgar. Rome, September 16, 1750. In the
Stuart Papers.
{151a} Chambers’s _The Rebellion_, v. 24. Edinburgh, 1829.
{151b} Letter of Warren to James, October 10, 1746. Browne, iii. 463.
{152a} Stuart Papers. Browne, iv. 100.
{152b} _Ibid._ iv. 22, 23.
{153a} Browne, iv. 51.
{154} Browne, iv. 61, 62.
{155a} I presume the first beautiful Mrs. Murray is in question. The
second is ‘another story.’ See the original letter in Browne, iv.
90–101.
{155b} State Papers, Domestic, No. 87.
{156} Stuart Papers.
{157} Browne, iv. 60.
{159} Browne, iv. 117.
{160} _Correspondence of the Duke of Bedford_, ii. 39.
{161} Paris, February 14, 1752. Stuart Papers.
{162a} iv. 84.
{162b} Rome, September 4, 1750. In Browne.
{164} Browne, iv. 102.
{165} Journal, February 14, 1826.
{169} May 4, 1753. Stuart Papers. To old Edgar.
{171} His father’s name was John. One of Pickle’s aliases.
{172} This identifies ‘Pickle’ with ‘Jeanson.’
{174} Cypher names.
6 Goring.
69 Sir James Harrington, perhaps.
51 King of Prussia.
80 Pretender’s Son.
8 Pretender.
72 Sir John Graham.
66 Scotland.
0 French Ministry.
2 Lord Marshall.
59 Count Maillebois.
71 Sir John Graham, perhaps.
{175} That is, probably, Pickle said to Jacobite friends that his money
came from Major Kennedy.
{178} Lord Elcho knew it, probably from his brother.
{180} Elcho says he was in London, at Lady Primrose’s. We have seen
that Charles had had a difficulty with this lady.
{181} To this illness Glengarry often refers, when writing as Pickle.
{183a} Hay to Edgar, October 1752. In Browne, iv. 106.
{183b} ‘Mildmay’ to ‘Green,’ January 24, 1753.
{184} S. P. Poland. No. 81.
{196a} Carlyle’s _Frederick_, iv. 467. Compare, for the views of
political circles, Horace Walpole’s _Reign of George II._ i. 333, 353,
and his Letters to Horace Mann for 1753.
{196b} _Reign of George II._ i. 290.
{197} Add MSS. British Museum, 33,847, f. 271. ‘Private and most
secret.’
{198a} _Politische Correspondenz Friederichs des Grossen_. Duncker.
Berlin, 1879, ix. 356.
{198b} Can the Earl and the Doctor have approved of renewing the
infamous Elibank plot?
{201} Many historians, such as Lord Campbell in his _Lives of the
Chancellors_, condemn as cruel the execution of Cameron. But the
Government was well informed.
{202} _The Active Testimony of the Presbyterians of Scotland_, 1749.
{203} xix. 742.
{208} French service. He seems to think that Archy was betrayed by
French means. He perhaps suspected Dumont, who had been in the French
army.
{213} Glengarry had been a captain in the French service.
{219} Brother of d’Argenson of the _Mémoires_.
{222a} _Pol. Corr._ No. 5,933.
{222b} As early as 1748 Dawkins was in Paris, drinking with Townley, who
calls him _un bon garçon_. Townley’s letters to a friend in Rome were
regularly sent to Pelham.
{223} _Pol. Corr._ ix. 417. No. 5,923.
{224a} Droysen, iv. 357. Note 1.
{224b} S. P. France. 462.
{227} Browne, iv. p. 111.
{231a} In his article on James Mohr (_Scotsman_, March 15, 1896), Mr.
Murray Rose cites some papers concerning James’s early treacheries. For
unfathomable reasons, Mr. Murray Rose does not mention the source of
these papers. This is of the less importance, as Mr. George Omond, in
_Macmillan’s Magazine_, May 1890, had exposed James’s early foibles, from
documents in the Record Office.
{231b} _Trials of Rob Roy’s Sons_ (Edinburgh, 1818), p. 3.
{232a} The reader may remember that Pickle’s earliest dated letter is
from Boulogne, November 2, 1752. As on that day James Mohr was a
prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, the absurdity of identifying Pickle with
James Mohr becomes peculiarly glaring.
{232b} _Trial_, &c. p. 119.
{232c} According to Mr. Murray Rose, James Mohr applied to the King for
money on May 22, 1753. This letter I have not observed among the Stuart
Papers, but, from information given by Pickle to his English employers, I
believe James Mohr to have been in France as early as May 1753. Pickle,
being consulted as to James’s value, contemns him as a spy distrusted by
both sides.
{234} Add. MSS. 32,846.
{235} He _had_ been, as a spy!
{236} How worthy of our friend!
{238} As James was not in France till May 1753, he cannot have written
Pickle’s letters from France of March in that year.
{239} Balhaldie’s papers, not treasonable, belong to Sir Arthur Halkett
of Pitfirrane, who also possesses a charming portrait of pretty Mrs.
Macfarlane. Sir Arthur’s ancestor, Sir Peter, fought on the Hanoverian
side in the Forty-five, was taken prisoner, and released on _parole_,
which he refused to break at the command of the Butcher Cumberland.
{240} MSS. Add. 33,050, f. 369.
{241} Nothing of all this in the Stuart Papers.
{242} Observe James’s Celtic memory.
{243} Mr. Savage, according to James Mohr, was the chief of the
Macgregors in Ireland.
{245} These are transparent falsehoods. The Earl Marischal, if we may
believe Pickle, had no mind to resign his comfortable Embassy.
{246} He was really at Avignon.
{250} Add. MSS. 33,050, f. 409.
{251} In ‘Mémoire Historique et Généalogique sur la Famille de Wogan,’
par le Comte Alph. O’Kelly de Galway (Paris, 1896) we read (p. 33) that,
in 1776, Charles was ‘entertained at Cross Green House, in Cork.’ The
authority given is a vague reference to the _Hibernian Magazine_.
{254} Stuart Papers.
{256} Probably Glengarry.
{259} This too well confirms Dr. King’s charges.
{261} Goring must mean a clansman—a Cameron.
{263} Goring was probably at the Convent of St. Joseph, with Madame de
Vassé.
{265} See _Mémoires of Madame Hausset_, and the De Goncourts on Madame
de Pompadour.
{267} These letters have been printed in full by Mr. Murray Rose
(_Scotsman_, March 15, 1895). Mr. Murray Rose attributes them to James
Mohr Macgregor, wrongly, of course.
{268} That is, seats for Jacobites should be purchased at the General
Election.
{271} The surgeon of Lunéville, with whom Charles had resided secretly.
{273} ‘Women’ refers to Miss Walkinshaw. It is clear that Charles had
rejected MacNamara’s request for her dismissal, described by Dr. King.
{274} Browne, iv. 120, 121.
{277a} Culloden Papers, p. 412.
{277b} Robertson of Inerchraskie to Forbes of Culloden. September 23,
1745.
{278} Manuscripts in the Charter Chest at Cluny Castle. Privately
printed.
{280a} Pickle was inducted into his estates, before the Bailies of
Inverness and a jury, on February 2, 1758. The ‘Retour’ is cited in Mr.
Mackenzie’s _History of the Macdonalds_.
{280b} The story is in Mr. Mackenzie’s _History of the Macdonalds_.
{281} All this is probably false.
{284} Mr. Bruce, October 10, 1754, to Gwynn Vaughan, Esq.
{285} _Arniston Memoirs_, edited by G. W. T. Omond, p. 153. Mr. Dundas
of Arniston has kindly supplied a copy containing what is omitted in Mr.
Omond’s book—Pickle’s dealings with his tenantry.
{286} See Macallester’s huge and intolerably prolix book, _A Series of
Letters_ (London: 1767).
{287} D’Argenson, July 1755.
{288} S. P. France, 468.
{292a} Browne, iv. 124.
{292b} _Ibid._ iv. 125.
{293} Ewald’s _Prince Charles_, ii. 223–228. From State Papers.
{294} Letter to Edgar, September 16, 1755.
{296a} Madame Adélaïde, according to gossip in the _Scots Magazine_.
{296b} _Pol. Corr._ xi. p. 37. No. 7,199, and p. 63.
{297} I have never seen this document.
{298} A full account of Macallester, from which these remarks are taken,
was published by myself in the _English Illustrated Magazine_.
{301} Archives of French Foreign Office. Angleterre. 81. fol. 11.
{302a} _Pol. Corr._ xiii. 320. No. 8,660.
{302b} See _Le Secret du Roi_, by the Duc de Broglie.
{303} _Mémoire of Charlotte Stuart_. French Foreign Office. 1774.
{306} Mr. Alexander Pelham Trotter has kindly permitted me to consult
this document in his possession.
{309a} D’Aiguillon.
{309b} Prince de Soubise.
{312} As is proved by Murray’s letter of December 10.
{316} _Mémoire of Charlotte Stuart_. 1774.
{317} Charles, as Lumisden writes (December 3, 1760), ‘positively
insists on having the young filly returned to him.’
{321} The article on the _Tales of the Century_ in the _Quarterly
Review_ (vol. lxxxi. p. 57) was not ‘by Lockhart,’ as Mr. Ewald says, and
is not, in fact, accurate.
{323} Nothing in the Stuart Papers confirms the story that Charles was
at the Coronation of George III., in 1761. In the present century
Cardinal York told a member of the Stair family that the Prince visited
England in 1763. It may have been then that he saw Murray of Broughton,
and was seen by Murray’s child, afterwards the actor known to Sir Walter
Scott.