Mr. DULLES. Frame 161 is 3° on 161?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Three degrees all along Elm Street.
Mr. DULLES. All along. That applies to all of these different pictures,
is that correct?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Would you now read the same statistical data from frame
166 on Exhibit No. 889, please?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
From the chalk mark on the back of the stand-in for President Kennedy,
to station C is 95.6 feet, the distance to rifle in window, 138.2 feet,
the angle to rifle in window based on the horizontal, is minus 26°52´.
Distance to overpass is 391.5 feet. The angle to the overpass is 0°7´.
Mr. SPECTER. Did the back of President Kennedy ever come into view at
any time while he was passing through the foliage of the oak tree?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. What frame number was ascertained with respect to that
position?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. This was determined to be frame 185. There is a slight
opening in the tree, where the car passed under the tree, where a shot
could have been fired that would have passed through this opening in
the tree. This again was positioned on the basis of Mr. Frazier in the
window looking through the rifle scope and telling us on the street
where to stop the car at the point where he could get a shot through
the trees.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission Exhibit number has been assigned to frame
185?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. This is Commission Exhibit No. 890, frame 185.
Mr. SPECTER. Is the "photograph through rifle scope" taken with the
position of the car at the same place as "photograph from reenactment"?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. And is the "photograph from reenactment" in the same
position, as close as you could make it to the "photograph from
Zapruder's film"?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Will you read the statistical data from frame 185?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; from the point of the chalk on the back of the
stand-in for the President at position 185 to station C is 114.8 feet,
the distance to rifle on window is 154.9 feet.
The angle to rifle in window based on horizontal is 24°14´, distance
to overpass is 372.5 feet. The angle to the overpass is 0°3´ above
horizontal.
Mr. SPECTER. Was there any adjustment made for the difference in
the height of the automobiles on the location where the back of the
President's stand-in was visible through the tree?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; there was an adjustment made for the 10 inch
differential in the heights because of the different cars, and this was
established as frame 186.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission Exhibit number is affixed to frame 186?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Commission Exhibit No. 891.
Mr. SPECTER. On Exhibit No. 891 is the car in the same position in
"photograph through rifle scope" and "photograph from reenactment"?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Are the cars on those two pictures in the same positions
on all of the frames which you are going to show this afternoon?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. In the "photograph from Zapruder film", does that
"photograph from Zapruder film" show the Presidential automobile to be
in the same position or as close to the same position as you could make
it as is the replica car in the "photograph from reenactment"?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Will you read the statistical data from frame 186, please?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
At frame 186 position the distance from the chalk mark on the back of
the stand-in for the President was 116.3 feet from the station C. It
was 156.3 feet to the rifle in the window.
The angle to the rifle in the window was 24°3' based on the horizontal.
Distance to the overpass was 371.7 feet. The angle to the overpass is
0°3´.
Mr. SPECTER. Was that position ascertained where the chalk spot on the
back of President Kennedy's coat was first visible from the sixth floor
window through the telescopic sight?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. DULLES. This is after passing the tree.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. After passing out from under the oak tree.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. What frame did that turn out to be?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That was frame 207.
Mr. SPECTER. Do you have an exhibit depicting the same photographic
sequence on frame 207?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; I do.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission Exhibit number has been affixed to that
frame?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Commission Exhibit No. 892.
Mr. SPECTER. Is the car in the same position on "photograph through
rifle scope" and "photograph from reenactment" on that exhibit?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Is the car in the same position, as closely as you could
make it, on the "photograph from reenactment" and "photograph from
Zapruder film"?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Will you now read the statistical data from that exhibit?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes. Distance from the chalk mark on the back of the
stand-in for the President to the station C is 136.6 feet.
Distance to rifle in the window is 174.9 feet. The angle to the rifle
in the window based on the horizontal is 21°50'. The distance to the
overpass is 350.9 feet, and the angle to the overpass is 0°12'.
This is on frame 207, Commission Exhibit No. 892.
Mr. SPECTER. Was an adjustment made on that position for the heights of
the automobiles?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. What was the adjusted frame for the first view that the
marksman had of the President's stand-in coming out from under the tree?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is frame 210 and has been marked as Commission
Exhibit No. 893 and represents the 10-inch adjustment for the
difference in the height of the car as compared with frame 207.
Mr. SPECTER. Is the layout of frame 210 exactly the same as that for
frames 207 and 185 that you have already testified about?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. In viewing the films on the frames preceding 210, what was
President Kennedy doing?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. He is waving to the crowd, and in some frames it is
obvious that he is smiling, you can actually see a happy expression on
his face and his hand----
Mr. DULLES. Which way is he turning, to the left or to the right?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. He is looking toward the crowd to his right during most
of that area, he is looking slightly to his right. His arm is up on
the side of the car and his hand is in a wave, in approximately this
position and he appears to be smiling.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the latest frame count where, to your eye, it
appears that he is showing no reaction to any possible shot?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Approximately--I would like to explain a little bit,
that at frames in the vicinity of 200 to 210 he is obviously still
waving, and there is no marked change.
In the area from approximately 200 to 205 he is still, his hand is
still in a waving position, he is still turned slightly toward the
crowd, and there has been no change in his position that would signify
anything occurring unusual. I see nothing in the frames to arouse my
suspicion about his movements, up through in the areas from 200 on and
as he disappears behind the signboard, there is no change.
Now, 205 is the last frame, 205 and 206 are the last frames where we
see any of his, where we see the cuff of his coat showing above the
signboard indicating his hand is still up generally in a wave.
From there on the frames are too blurry as his head disappears you
can't really see any expression on his face. You can't see any change.
It is all consistent as he moves in behind the signboard.
Mr. SPECTER. When you say "signboard" what do you mean by that, Mr.
Shaneyfelt?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. I refer to the sign that is between the photographer,
Mr. Zapruder, and the Presidential car.
Representative FORD. Not any sign post between the rifleman and the
President?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. No; this is a sign between the cameraman and the
President. So that we are unable to see his reaction, if any.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the frame at which Governor Connally first emerges
from behind the sign you just described?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is frame 222.
Mr. SPECTER. Have you prepared a model demonstration on frame 222?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; I have.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission Exhibit number has just been affixed on
that frame?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Frame 222 has been given Commission Exhibit No. 894.
Mr. SPECTER. Was the location of the automobile fixed from the window
or from the street on frame 222?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. On frame 222, the position of the automobile was fixed
from the street, based on the photograph from the Zapruder film.
Mr. SPECTER. Are the various photographs on that frame and the various
distances the same in terms of general layout as the prior exhibit you
testified to?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the first frame at which President Kennedy is
visible coming out from behind that sign?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. This is frame 225.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission Exhibit has been affixed to frame 225?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Frame 225 has been assigned Commission Exhibit No. 895.
Mr. SPECTER. What, if anything, is detectable from a view of the
Zapruder film frame 225 as to the positions or reaction of President
Kennedy?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Frame 225 there appears to be a reaction on the part of
the President. This is----
Mr. SPECTER. Describe specifically what movement he is making in that
picture or what his position is?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. At frame 225 his hand is down, his right hand that was
waving is down, and has been brought down as though it were reaching
for his lapel or his throat. The other hand, his left hand is on his
lapel but rather high, as though it were coming up, and he is beginning
to go into a hunched position.
Mr. SPECTER. When you say beginning to go into a hunched position is
that apparent to you from viewing the motion picture and slides from
the frames which succeed frame 225?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is primarily apparent from the motion picture
because of the two or three or four frames that show as he emerges
from the sign; that is, in the motion picture, you see the President
reaching for his coat lapels and going into a hunched position, leaning
forward and lowering his head.
Mr. McCLOY. That doesn't exist in frame 225 yet, does it?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. It is just beginning in frame 225. That is frame 225 is
the first view we have of the President.
Mr. McCLOY. Out past the sign.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. As he comes out from behind the sign that obstructs the
cameraman from the President.
Mr. DULLES. But there is no obstruction from the sixth floor window?
Mr. SHANEYFELT, No; no obstruction at this point. There is no
obstruction from the sixth floor window from the time they leave the
tree until they disappear down toward the triple overpass.
Mr. SPECTER. Do the photographs on frame 225 depict the same
circumstances as those depicted on the prior exhibits?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. And do the measurements on frame 225 cover the same
subjects as those covered on prior exhibits?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the angle from the rifle to the spot on the
President's back on frame 210, please?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. On frame 210, the angle from the rifle to the window,
based on the horizon is 21°34´.
Mr. SPECTER. That is from the rifle to what, Mr. Shaneyfelt.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. From the rifle to the chalk mark on the back of the
stand-in for the President.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the same angle at frame 225?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. It is 20°11´.
Mr. SPECTER. Those angles are computed to the horizontal?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the range of distance from the position of the car
in frame 210 to the position of the car in frame 225?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is 14.9 feet between frame 210 and frame 225.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the position of President Kennedy at frame 210
with respect to position C.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. President Kennedy is 138.9 feet from station C at frame
210.
Mr. SPECTER. Station C.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; station C to President Kennedy on frame 210 is
138.9 feet.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the distance between station C and President
Kennedy at frame 225?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is 153.8 feet.
Mr. SPECTER. Was the car further positioned at frame 231?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; it was.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission exhibit number are we affixing to that?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is Commission Exhibit No. 896.
Mr. SPECTER. Are the photographs and measurements on 896 the same
layout as those affixed to prior exhibits?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Was the automobile stopped at frame 235 and similar
photographs and measurements taken?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission exhibit number is affixed to frame 235.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Exhibit No. 897.
Mr. SPECTER. Was the automobile again stopped at frame 240 with
measurements and photographs taken similar to those in prior exhibits?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; it was. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. What Commission exhibit number is affixed to that frame?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Exhibit No. 898.
Mr. SPECTER. Was the automobile again stopped at frame 249 with similar
photographs and measurements taken?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. And what Commission exhibit number is given to those
calculations and photographs on frame 249?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Commission Exhibit 899.
Mr. SPECTER. Now, as to frame 249, that is how many frames beyond the
first point at which the spot on President Kennedy's back was visible
after he passed out from under the oak tree?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is 249?
Mr. SPECTER. Yes.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. It is 42 frames.
Mr. SPECTER. And does a 42-frame count have any significance with
respect to the firing time on the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; we have established that the Zapruder motion
picture camera operates at an average speed of 18.3 frames per second.
And we have been advised that the minimum time for firing the rifle in
successive shots is approximately two and a quarter seconds. So this
gives us then a figure of two and a quarter seconds of frames; at 18.3,
this gives us this figure of 41 to 42 frames.
Representative FORD. Would you repeat that again, please?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. The camera operates at a speed of 18.3 frames per
second. So that in two and a quarter seconds it would run through about
42--41 to 42 frames.
Representative FORD. Then the firing of the rifle, repeat that again?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. As to the firing of the rifle--we have been advised
that the minimum time for getting off two successive well-aimed shots
on the rifle is approximately two and a quarter seconds. That is the
basis for using this 41 to 42 frames to establish two points in the
film where two successive quick shots could have been fired.
Representative FORD. That is with one shot and then the firing.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Work the bolt and fire another one.
Mr. SPECTER. At frame 249 was Governor Connally in a position where
he could have taken a shot with the bullet entering at the point
immediately to the left under his right armpit with the bullet then
going through and exiting at a point immediately under his right nipple?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. No; Governor Connally has begun to turn in his seat
around in this manner, in such a way, turn to his right so that his
body is in a position that a shot fired from the sixth floor window
could not have passed through the path that it reportedly took through
his body, if the bullet followed a straight, undeflected path.
Mr. DULLES. I don't quite get that. You mean because of his having
turned this way, the shot that was then--had then been fired and
apparently had hit the President could not have gone through him at
that point?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct under the stated conditions. Even a
shot, independent of the shot that hit the President, could not have
gone through in that manner, coming from the sixth floor window,
because the window was almost directly behind the automobile at that
time and the Governor was in a position where the bullet couldn't have
gone through his body in the manner that it reportedly did.
It would have come in through his shoulder and out through the other
shoulder, in the way that he was lined up with the window.
Mr. SPECTER. So you say it could have gone through him, but it could
not have passed through him with the angle of entry as disclosed in the
Parkland Hospital records and described by Dr. Shaw?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct, if it followed a straight path.
Mr. SPECTER. And exiting immediately under his right nipple, again as
described in the hospital records at Parkland and by Dr. Shaw.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. SPECTER. Have those points of entry and exit been made available to
you in your analysis of this situation?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; they have.
Mr. SPECTER. Could you elaborate just a little further on the
observations and reasoning which you have undertaken to come to the
conclusion which you have just expressed?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. We are speaking of frame 249, are we?
Mr. SPECTER. Yes, sir, frame 249.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Could I see that exhibit? The photograph in the lower
left corner of Commission Exhibit No. 899 is the photograph taken
through the scope of the rifle on the sixth floor window when the car
was stationed in this frame number position. It is noted from this
photograph that the rifle is not quite directly behind the car but very
nearly directly behind the car.
Governor Connally's body is turned. We have duplicated the position in
the Zapruder photographs of Governor Connally and the President in the
reenactment photograph, as nearly as possible, duplicated the same body
position, and from the sixth floor window then you can see from the
photograph that the Governor's body is turned to the Governor's right
in such a fashion that an undeflected shot would not go through in the
path as described by the Parkland doctors.
Mr. McCLOY. I don't quite follow that yet. The President has been shot
at frame 249, according to your theory.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. McCLOY. Might he not also have been shot at some earlier frames
in--the indications are the reactions are shown considerably ahead of
that frame.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. McCLOY. So, for example, at frame 237 and at frame 237 Governor
Connolly hasn't turned to the right.
Mr. DULLES. But a shot has been fired at this time.
Mr. McCLOY. But a shot has been fired at that time.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. McCLOY. So at that point he could have been hit; Governor Connally
could have been hit.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; Governor Connally could have been hit by frame 238.
Mr. McCLOY. But your point is when he gets farther along, he couldn't
have been hit, let's say at frame 249 in the same spot where he was hit.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Mr. McCLOY. Yes.
Mr. DULLES. He made the turn later than those frames you have been
discussing at the time apparently of the first shot at the President.
Mr. McCLOY. Yes; the first shot, but according to these frames, the
first shot hit the President considerably before this.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes, sir.
Mr. McCLOY. And at a time again when Governor Connally's back was
square to the window.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Well, not exactly square. I believe he was turned
slightly to the right as he went behind the sign.
Mr. McCLOY. Take frame 231.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. McCLOY. There the President has got his hands up as you put it to
his throat.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. McCLOY. And here is Connally facing to the front.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Mr. McCLOY. So at that point a bullet coming through the President's
throat could have hit Connally in the spot where it did hit Connally.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. I am going to defer that question to Mr. Frazier who is
in the window with the rifle scope and made a more thorough study of
the possible path of the bullet. But he is straight in the car in frame
231.
Mr. McCLOY. But your testimony is in frame 248--frame 249 Connally
couldn't have been hit from this window in the position where he was
sitting.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct, on the basis stated.
Mr. DULLES. But, you would have then the problem you would think if
Connally had been hit at the same time, would have reacted in the same
way, and not reacted much later as these pictures show.
Mr. McCLOY. That is right.
Mr. DULLES. Because the wounds would have been inflicted.
Mr. McCLOY. That is what puzzles me.
Mr. DULLES. That is what puzzles me.
Senator COOPER. Would you identify the frame in which Governor Connally
started turning to the right?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. I might say that as--in the motion picture--as the car
comes out from behind the signboard, the Governor is turned slightly to
his right in this manner. This would be in the first frame, in frame
222, he is turned just slightly to his right, and from there on he
turns almost square, straight on with the car momentarily, and there is
a jerking motion there at one point in the film about there, at which
time he starts to turn this way and continues to turn.
Mr. DULLES. Jerky motion in Connally in the film.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. There is--it may be merely where he stopped turning and
started turning this way. It is hard to analyze.
Mr. DULLES. What I wanted to get at--whether it was Connally who made
the jerky motion or there was something in the film that was jerky. You
can't tell.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. You can't tell that.
Mr. McCLOY. Certainly the film is jerky at that point. I mean there is
a big blur.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. He does turn.
Mr. McCLOY. Just before and after that.
Representative FORD. But isn't it apparent in those pictures that after
a slight hesitation Governor Connally's body turns more violently than
the President's body?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes.
Representative FORD. The President's only reaction is a motion to his
throat or to his neck with his hands.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is correct.
Representative FORD. Whereas Governor Connally actually turns his body
rather sharply?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; he turns as they go behind the signboard, he turns
this way and he is turning a little bit this way and as he comes out of
the signboard he is facing slightly to the right, comes around straight
on and then he turns to his left straight on, and then he turns to his
right, continues to turn around and falls over in Mrs. Connally's lap.
But in the motion picture it is a continuous movement as he goes around
and falls.
Senator COOPER. Will you again answer my question which I asked and
hasn't been answered and I say with all respect, in what frame did
Governor Connally begin to turn to the right after he had placed his
position straightforward as you have testified.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. I am sorry. That starts approximately at frames 233 to
234.
Senator COOPER. In what frame does the photograph show or in what frame
is it shown that President Kennedy had moved his hands to his throat?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That shows on frame--it is clearer on frame 226, 225 is
the frame where you first see him, and frame 226.
Mr. DULLES. How many frames between those two?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. From 26 to 33, eight. That would be a fraction of a
second in time.
That is less than half second.
Representative FORD. It can be contended that based on these
photographs of films that the first shot apparently was fired in frames
220 to 224, in that area.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; I think you have to go back even to 210 because of
reaction times; we don't know reaction times. But I would say between
210 and 225 because at 225 we have the President reacting.
So, in that 15 frames there it is behind the signboard, we can't see
what is happening.
Mr. DULLES. What frame first shows him with his hands at his throat?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. 225, 226.
Mr. McCLOY. 225, it is not too clear. It is much more pronounced in the
next frame is where he puts his both hands to his throat, such as that.
Mr. DULLES. And Mrs. Kennedy has apparently turned around and looking
at him.
Mr. McCLOY. One hand may be coming down from waving in 225.
Mr. DULLES. That is his left hand there--no; it is his right hand, your
right. His right hand.
Representative FORD. Then based on the mathematics of how quickly
a second shot could be fired, the second shot would be fired in
approximately what frame?
If you assume it, the first shot is from 210 to 224.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. It would be 252 to 266, down in there.
Representative FORD. That would be the elapsed time of what?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Two and a quarter seconds.
Representative FORD. Two and a quarter seconds.
Mr. SHANEYFELT. That is the very quickest.
Mr. SPECTER. On fixing the range from frames 210 to 225, where the
President was first struck, did you take frame 210 because that was the
first point after the President had passed out from under the oak tree?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Yes; that is the first point from this, and although we
are able to see in the films that there is no apparent reaction from
the President from 203 to 210, and as he disappears from behind the
signboard, we cannot estimate the reaction time.
Mr. SPECTER. When you say reaction time you mean?
Mr. SHANEYFELT. Of the President?