PARIS, _May 24, 1859_.
I find myself once again in the great European capital. It is now a
month since you heard from me last at Frankfort, Germany. I then left
for Baden-Baden soon after the opening of the season. I never saw
the country look more smiling and lovely. Nature had put on her most
beautiful spring attire, and indeed nothing in Europe can surpass the
natural scenery of the suburbs of this renowned watering-place.
The little city was brushed up as usual, and every hotel and
lodging-house awaiting anxiously the arrival of guests, but in this I
fear they will be woefully disappointed this year. The anxieties and
financial difficulties growing out of the war, and the bitter feeling
manifested by Germany towards the French, will prevent the usual rush
of visitors. Few persons were there, and the magnificent gas-lighted
saloons, with their bands of music, had few occupants. The employees of
the gambling tables looked wistfully at every stranger, hoping their
business will soon commence.
The past month has been full of exciting events. Austria has renounced
negotiation. The war decree has gone forth. Sardinia has been invaded.
The French Emperor with his troops has been called upon for relief.
Austria is intriguing and stimulating the German powers to unite
with her in fortifying the Rhine. The German press was most violent
against the French Emperor, giving him the most opprobrious names and
calling it a war of conquest. Austrian securities have fallen from
eighty-five to thirty-eight. Frankfort held some fifty million florins
of that national paper. The war loan was rejected and Austria made an
arrangement with the National Bank, which only last year resumed specie
payments, to grant a loan of a hundred millions in small circulating
notes, making the same a legal tender. Up went the price of specie. The
bankers and commercial classes suffered, and large failures occurred.
Commerce and trade were paralysed. I met two Hungarians, who were
leaving for the United States, who were fortunate enough to obtain
specie at a loss of thirty-five per cent, against paper. This stubborn
act of Austria lost her the sympathies of Europe, excepting the small
German states, Bavaria, Wirtemburg, Hesse Cassel, Baden &c., some of
whom are connected by family ties. Prussia has stood and still stands
firm in resisting the warlike disposition of the small states of the
confederation, observing an armed neutrality until the real interests
of Germany proper are attacked.
The French people who opposed the war are now almost universally in
its favor. The triumphal departure of the Emperor, his reception
in Piedmont, the subscription to the French loan of more than four
times the amount, justifies this belief. The report of a secret
alliance between Russia and France, and the advancement of a corps
of observation upon the Austrian and Prussian frontier, caused great
consternation on the continent. The English funds fell five or six per
cent., and many dealers and brokers were ruined by the panic which
ensued. The Tory cabinet was denounced by the English. The report
proved untrue. Then came the declaration of neutrality by England.
War declared, the French army were transported south by rail, and
then crossed the Alps, while other regiments went by steamers on the
Mediterranean to Genoa. The departure of the troops, the enthusiasm
of the populace, the martial display and equipage of war has kept up
a lively interest. The reports of the first battle and victory of
Montebello are received, and we are anxiously waiting the news of
further engagements. The national guard are the protectors of the city,
and few regular troops are seen, which is another evidence of the
popularity of the war of Italian independence.
France is engaged in a righteous cause in effecting the liberation of
Italy from the yoke of tyranny and bondage of Austria. Having passed
so much time in Italy, I may be permitted to judge of the hatred of
foreign domination.
Sardinia was worthy of assistance, being the only really liberal and
free government in the south of Europe. The Emperor, sagacious as he
is, wanted the Italian question settled; and through the proposal of
Russia for a congress, in which Austria dared not show her hand, he
brought the matter to a focus. The occupation of the army, the glory of
France at the head of European civilization, and the confirmation of
the dynasty were needed. All these things had their influence. Austria
was put in a false position. The result is war, and if confined to
Italy good may grow out of it. If Germany attacks France on the Rhine,
then the war becomes general; but the French government and press are
doing everything possible to suppress such a move. The public journals
are now unanimous in favor of Italian liberty, and the war cry is, down
with the Austrians, and their expulsion from the shores of the Adriatic.
Last year this time I was riding and walking over the battle-grounds
and fields of Alma, Inkerman, Kamiesch, Eupatoria, and Kertsch, where
half a million lie buried, and probably some curious tourists among the
number.
The death of the king of Naples has delivered that beautiful land of a
tyrant. Probably the neutrality of the young king may be accepted. He
is a cousin of Victor Emanuel, king of Sardinia, but the queen mother
is the second wife of the deceased king, and of the house of Austria.
She has been intriguing for the accession to the throne of her eldest
son, and troubles are expected.
Strangers are getting away by small steamers in crowds, without
comfort or accommodation. The war will make it very inconvenient for
travellers. The Lloyd steamers in the Levant are withdrawn to the
neutral harbor of Malta. The French have already blockaded the ports
of the Adriatic and taken many Austrian prizes. I am thankful I have
nothing undone in that direction, and can remain a neutral spectator.
1860.