the yellow flowers of this orchid.
A damp meadow or sphagnous woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots.
May (Florida), June 5th-August 25th (New England).
=Flowers= dull greenish-yellow, small, in a spiked raceme. =Labellum=
entire, crenulated with obtuse tooth on each side, and a central tubercle
at middle of base. =Sepals= and =petals= roundish, ¼ inch long. Sepals
yellowish. =Stem= stout leafy 1-2 feet high. =Leaves= elliptic, acute;
=bracts= longer than seed-capsule.
_Continental Range_—From Crow River, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada,
southward to Alabama and the wooded Tidal Swamps, Duval County, Florida;
westward to Minnesota and Missouri.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
infrequent; Massachusetts, occasional; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut,
common.
12.—HABENARIA CILIARIS (Linnæus) R. Brown, 1753-1813[74]
YELLOW-FRINGED ORCHIS
The specific name, _ciliaris_, refers to the fringed labellum, from the
Latin _ciliate_,—beset with _cilia_ or hairs, like eyelashes fringing the
eyelids.
A tall, wet, sandy meadow or pine barren orchid, with small fibrous
roots. June-July 7th-August 14th.
=Flowers= large, showy, orange-yellow, fringed, in a many-flowered,
spiked raceme, 3-6 inches long; nearly 3 inches broad. =Labellum= oblong
and fringed. =Sepals= orbicular to ovate; lateral sepals reflexed; =spur=
1-1½ inch long, very slender; =petals= toothed, oblong, much smaller.
=Stem= slender, leafy, 1-2½ feet high. =Leaves= lanceolate, 4-8 inches
long, becoming bract-like above.
_Continental Range_—From Essex County, Canada, southward to New England,
the pine barrens of New Jersey, Alabama, and Florida; westward to
Illinois and Nebraska. The fringed _Habenarias_ are among our most
beautiful native orchids, gracing lake-side solitudes with their
flame-like spikes of purple, white, or orange.
_New England Range_—Maine, not reported; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont,
rare; Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, rare.
13.—HABENARIA BLEPHARIGLOTTIS (Willdenow) Torrey, 1805-1826
WHITE-FRINGED ORCHIS
The specific name, _blephariglottis_, refers to the fringed throat of
this orchid.
A slender bogland orchid, in similar situations with _H. ciliaris_, with
fleshy-fibrous roots. June (Alabama)-July 23d-August (New England).
=Flowers= pure white, in a loosely and many-flowered spiked raceme,
smaller than those of _H. ciliaris_, with which it seems to intergrade.
=Labellum= narrow, oblong, slightly fringed. =Petals= toothed or sparsely
fringed. =Stem= leafy, slender, 1-2 feet high.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland southward to New England, North
Carolina, and Alabama; westward to Minnesota. Intermediate forms between
the Yellow-Fringed and the White-Fringed _Habenarias_ are probably
natural hybrids, as they are closely associated in their haunts during
July and August, the hybrid usually being of a lighter yellow, blooming
slightly earlier than the type species.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
infrequent; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, infrequent;
Connecticut, rare.
14.—HABENARIA HOLOPETALA (Lindley) A. Gray, 1835-1867[75]
CREAM-FRINGED ORCHIS
The specific name, _holopetala_, refers to the petals being complete,
entire.
A small bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. July-August.
=Flowers= beautiful, smaller than in preceding species, cream, or lighter
yellow than _H. ciliaris_. =Labellum= sparingly fringed. =Petals=
narrower and entire. =Stem= 1 foot high. =Leaves= similar to type species
_H. blephariglottis_ and _H. ciliaris_.
_Continental Range_—From Canada southward to Alabama, North Carolina, in
company with _H. blephariglottis_.
_New England Range_—Refer to range of _H. blephariglottis_ for New
England.
15.—HABENARIA LACERA (Michaux) R. Brown, 1803-1810
RAGGED-FRINGED GREEN ORCHIS
The specific name, _lacera_, refers to the lacerate or ragged and torn
appearance of the fringed labellum of this species.
A bogland, meadow, or woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June
20th-July 15.
=Flowers= greenish-yellow, in loose-flowered spike, 2-6 inches long.
=Labellum= 3-parted, deeply fringed or ragged. =Sepals= ovate, obtuse,
upper one broader than lower ones. =Stem= slender or stout, leafy, 1-2½
feet high. =Leaves= lanceolate, 5-8 inches long; bract-like above.
_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia southward to Georgia and Alabama;
westward to Minnesota and Indiana.
In Thompson’s Swamps, Pownal, Vermont, this species intergrades with _H.
psycodes_ and _H. clavellata_. The hybrids, or those crossed with _H.
psycodes_ produce flowers with light purple, and less fringed than in the
true type of _H. lacera_; while those crossed with _H. clavellata_ are
much less ragged fringed than in the type form of _H. lacera_, although
in a much smaller spike, with nearly white or creamy-green flowers,
resembling a large spike of _H. clavellata_.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, frequent; Connecticut,
common.
16.—HABENARIA GRANDIFLORA (Bigelow) Torrey, 1824-1826
(_Habenaria fimbriata_ A. Gray, 1867)
LARGE PURPLE-FRINGED ORCHIS—LONG PURPLES—DEAD-MEN’S FINGERS—DEAD-MEN’S
THUMBS
The specific name, _grandiflora_, refers to the grand flowers of this
species; the most beautiful among the bogland _Habenarias_.
Tall, damp woodland or bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous or palmate
roots. June-July 22d-August 16th.
=Flowers= lilac or deep purple, fragrant in densely-flowered spiked
raceme; 3-15 inches long; 1-2½ inches broad. Rarely white flowered spikes
occur. =Labellum= 3-parted, ½-1 inch broad; ½ inch long, deeply fringed.
=Sepals= and =petals= connivent, somewhat toothed. =Spur= 1-1½ inch long,
clavate. =Stem= leafy, 1-5 feet high. =Leaves= numerous, oblong, 4-10
inches long, 1-3 inches wide; bract-like above.
_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia southward to North Carolina;
westward to Wisconsin and Michigan.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
frequent; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, frequent; Connecticut,
common.
17.—HABENARIA PSYCODES (Linnæus) A. Gray, 1753-1840
SMALL PURPLE-FRINGED ORCHIS—LONG PURPLES—DEAD-MEN’S FINGERS—DEAD-MEN’S
THUMBS
The specific name, _psycodes_, comes from the Greek _psychoda_, a
butterfly, probably referring to the dainty poise of the fringed, and
winged-petaled flowers.
Tall bogland or damp woodland orchid, with fleshy or palmately-tuberous
roots. July 1st-August-September.
=Flowers= pink-purple, rarely white, very fragrant in densely flowered
spiked raceme, 2-6 inches long; 1-1½ inches broad. =Labellum= 3-parted,
fan-shaped, fringed, ⅓-½ inch broad, much smaller and often confused with
the larger species (_H. grandiflora_). =Sepals= and =petals= similar in
texture, lower sepals ovate, upper one narrower. Petals oblong, toothed
on upper margin. =Spur= clavate at apex. =Stem= leafy, 1-3 feet high.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Lake Huron southward
to the swampy meadows in the western mountains of North Carolina;
westward to Minnesota in tamarack sphagnous swamps.
_New England Range_—Maine, very common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut,
frequent.
18.—HABENARIA ANDREWSEII White n. sp. (per letter), 1903
ANDREWS’ ROSE-PURPLE ORCHIS
_Habenaria psycodes_ × _lacera_ White and Andrews, _Rhodora_ 3:245-248,
1901
The specific name, _Andrewseii_, refers to the species being named in
honor of Dr. A. LeRoy Andrews, who described this species as a varietal
form of _H. psycodes_ × _lacera_. The species was first discovered and
collected by Mr. Marcus White, July 22, 1899.
Tall bogland orchid, with fleshy roots. July 22d-August 16th.
=Flowers= white, to rose-purple. =Labellum= about ⅓-½ inch broad,
divisions deeply cleft as in _Habenaria lacera_, yet more numerous.
=Sepals= round-oval, obtuse. =Petals= cuneate-spatulate and denticulate
above. Arms of column slightly acute, similar to _Habenaria psycodes_.
=Pollen= stalked, greenish-yellow, somewhat 2-lobed, not obstructing the
orifice of nectary, as observed in _Habenaria lacera_. =Spur= longer
than ovary, clavate, much enlarged below. =Ovary= intermediate or rather
short. =Stem= leafy, 1-2½ feet high. =Raceme= of flowers not as broad
as in _Habenaria psycodes_, but more nearly resembling the spike of
_Habenaria lacera_ in form, yet fewer-flowered. =Leaves= several, as in
_Habenaria lacera_.
_Continental Range_—Pownal Swamps, southwestern Vermont; no other station
appears to be reported for this natural hybrid of the Purple-Fringed and
Ragged Orchises (_H. psycodes_ and _H. lacera_), yet it appears to be
flourishing and increasing in numbers in its special haunts.
_New England Range_—Vermont, rare; Pownal Swamps August 5, 1901 (Marcus
White and A. LeRoy Andrews); August 10-16, 1903 (Grace G. Niles).
[Illustration: =Andrews’ Rose-Purple Orchis.= (_Habenaria Andrewseii._)]
IV
Pogonia
Jussieu, 1789
SWEET POGONIAS
The generic name, _Pogonia_, comes from the Greek Πωγωνίας, signifying
_bearded_, from the bearded labellum of the type species.
Small bogland or woodland orchids, with fibrous creeping roots. =Anther=,
1. =Labellum= erect from base of the column, spurless. =Sepals= and
=petals= free. =Anther= terminal, stalked, attached to back of column.
=Pollinia=, 2, 1 in each anther-sac, powdery-granular, without caudicle.
=Flowers= solitary or 1-3 in terminal raceme. =Leaves= 1-5, alternating,
or in whorls as in _Pogonia verticillata_. Seedlings numerous in many
places.
_Continental Range_—There are about forty-five species of this genus
distributed in the wooded regions of the world. The species of _Pogonia_
have formerly been confused with _Arethusa_.
North American species north of Mexico 5
New England species 4
Hoosac Valley species 3-4
New England species:
1. _P. ophioglossoides_ (Linnæus) Ker, 1753-1816.
2. _P. trianthophora_ (Swartz) B. S. P., 1800-1888.
3. _P. verticillata_ (Willdenow) Nuttall, 1805-1818.
4. _P. affinis_ Austin, 1867.
1.—POGONIA OPHIOGLOSSOIDES (Linnæus) Ker, 1753-1816
ROSE POGONIA—SNAKE-MOUTH
The specific name, _ophioglossoides_, refers to the flower resembling a
snake’s mouth.
Small sphagnous swamp-land orchid, with fibrous creeping roots. April-May
(Florida), June 21st-July 20th (New England).
=Flowers= 1, sometimes 2, terminal, nodding, rather large for plants;
rose and purplish-yellow; fragrant, subtended by a foliaceous bract.
=Labellum= free, somewhat appressed to the column below, fringed and
spurless. =Sepals= and =petals= about equal, similar. =Stem= 8-15 inches
high. =Leaves= 1-3, rarely 1 basal leaf; the stem-leaf is ½-3 inches
long, bluntly acute; foliaceous bract subtending seed-capsule.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, southward to the pine barrens of
Alabama and Florida; westward to Minnesota and Kansas.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, common; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut, common.
2.—POGONIA TRIANTHOPHORA (Swartz) B. S. P., 1800-1888[76]
NODDING POGONIA
The specific name, _trianthophora_, refers to the 3-lobed labellum and
the usually 3 nodding flowers of this species.
Small woodland orchid, with tuberous roots. July-August 11th-September
24th.
=Flowers= 1-7 on axillary peduncles, pale purple, at first nearly erect,
soon drooping, ½-⅔ inch long. =Labellum= 3-lobed, clawed, roughened,
without a spur. =Sepals= and =petals= equal, connivent. Stem 3-8 inches
high. =Leaves=, 2-8, alternate, ovate, clasping stem. =Seed-capsule=
oval, drooping.
_Continental Range_—From Canada, southward to North Carolina, Alabama,
and Kentucky; westward to Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Indiana.
_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, infrequent; Vermont,
rare; Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, infrequent.
3.—POGONIA VERTICILLATA (Willdenow) Nuttall, 1805-1818
LARGE WHORLED POGONIA
The specific name, _verticillata_, refers to the whorled or verticillate
growth of the leaves.
Small moist woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous creeping roots. May
20th-June 15th.
=Flowers= solitary, purplish-green, and yellow, erect or declined,
terminal; peduncle ½-⅔ inch long, in fruit exceeding the seed-capsule.
=Labellum= 3-lobed, crested along a narrow band, upper part expanded,
greenish-yellow. =Sepals= linear, 1½-2 inches long, ¹⁄₁₂ inch wide,
spreading, dark purple; =petals= linear, obtuse, greenish-yellow, ⅚
inch long. =Stem= 10-12 inches high, round and purplish. =Leaves= 5,
verticillate, in a whorl strongly recalling the whorls of the Indian
Cucumber plants (_Medeola_), with which it grows in company; obovate,
terminal, pointed at apex, 1-3 inches long. Rarely an obovate basal
stem-leaf occurs below the whorl. The roots distinguish this plant from
Indian Cucumber, yet many times the two plants so closely resemble
each other that it is difficult to determine one from the other until
the roots are revealed. The stem of the _Pogonia_, however, is larger,
fleshy, purplish, and juicy, while the Indian Cucumber is brittle and
slender.
_Continental Range_—From Ontario, Canada, southward to North Carolina and
Florida; westward to Michigan and Indiana.
_New England Range_—Maine, not reported; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont,
rare; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, frequent.
4.—POGONIA AFFINIS Austin, 1867[77]
SMALL WHORLED POGONIA
The specific name, _affinis_, comes from the Latin _affinitas_, near
alliance, referring to the close relation or affinity this species bears
to its sister species, _Pogonia verticillata_.
Small moist woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June.
=Flowers= 2 or solitary, greenish-yellow, peduncle ⅙-⅓ inch long.
=Labellum= crested over the whole face and lobes. =Sepals= and =petals=
equal. =Stem= 8-10 inches high. =Leaves= in a whorl of 5 at the summit,
smaller than the whorl in _P. verticillata_. Seed-capsule erect, 1 inch
long.
_Continental Range_—From northern Vermont, southward to Pennsylvania.
This orchid has quite recently been collected in Vermont, by Mrs. Henry
Holt, near Burlington (1902). Several stations in New Jersey have been
destroyed since Mr. Austin first identified it there.
_New England Range_—Maine, not reported; New Hampshire, not reported;
Vermont, very rare; Massachusetts, very rare; Connecticut, frequent; it
should be more common in this State, since _P. verticillata_ is frequent.
V
Arethusa
Linnæus, 1753
BEAUTIFUL ARETHUSA
The generic name, _Arethusa_, refers to the dedication of this species to
the nymph Arethusa of classical literature.
Small scapose orchids with bulbous roots; one of the most beautiful
native orchids. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= dilated, recurved, bearded down
the face, spreading at the apex. =Sepals= and =petals= similar, arched
above, coherent below. =Anther= operculate. =Pollinia= 4; 2 in each
anther-sac, powdery, granular. =Scape= 5-10 inches high, glabrous.
=Leaves= 1, 4-6 inches long, linear, and hidden. 1-3 =bracts= or scales
below. =Seed-capsule= 1 inch long, ellipsoid, 6-ribbed, rarely maturing.
_Continental Range_—In sphagnous bogs from Newfoundland, southward to
North Carolina; westward to Minnesota. Rare throughout its range, seeking
unfathomable cranberry marshes, among bushes of Kalmia and Labrador Tea,
in close company with Rose Pogonia and Grass Pinks. A genus, consisting
of 3 species for the world.
North American species north of Mexico 1
New England species 1
Hoosac Valley species 1
New England species:
1. _A. bulbosa_ Linnæus, 1753.
1.—ARETHUSA BULBOSA Linnæus, 1753
BEAUTIFUL ARETHUSA
The specific name, _bulbosa_, refers to the bulbous roots of this orchid.
Small scapose, bogland orchid with bulbous roots. May 17th-June 30th.
=Flowers= 1, rarely 2; rose-purple, terminal, nodding, arising from
between 2 unequal =scales=; 1-2 inches long. =Labellum= drooping,
dilated, recurved, spreading at apex, often fringed or toothed,
variegated with purple blotches and yellow. =Sepals= and =petals=
linear, obtuse, arched over the column. =Scape= 5-10 inches high,
glabrous, producing 1-3 sheathing bracts. =Leaf= 1, linear, many-nerved,
4-6 inches long, hidden above bracts. =Root= small, onion-like bulb.
=Seed-capsule= 1 inch long, ellipsoid, 6-ribbed, rarely maturing,
although seedlings appear numerous in natural haunts, the sphagnum being
filled with lightly-attached bulbs.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, southward to North Carolina;
westward to Minnesota.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut,
common.
[Illustration: =The Beautiful Arethusa.= (_Arethusa bulbosa_.)
Showing the structural parts of the flower, the single leaf, and bulbous
root.]
VI
Gyrostachys
Persoon, 1807
(_Spiranthes_ L. C. Richard, 1818)
LADIES’ TRESSES
The generic name, _Gyrostachys_, refers to the twisting spikes, which
resemble a “coil,” or “curl,” from which originated the common name of
Ladies’ Tresses.
Erect spiked racemes of twisting flowers. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= clawed,
concave, erect, embracing the column. =Sepals= free, coherent at top with
petals, forming a galea. =Flowers= small, spurless, white or greenish, in
rows. =Anther= without a lid, situated back of column. =Pollinia= 2, 1
in each anther-sac, powdery. =Fragrance= delicate. =Stem= leafy, bracted
above basal leaves. =Leaves= linear, save in two species—_G. simplex_
and _G. gracilis_, in which they are round, oblong, and basal. =Roots=
fleshy-fibrous, or tuberous. Seed-capsule erect and oblong.
_Continental Range_—Common in pasture-land and meadow boglands; from
Alaska, southward to Florida; westward to the Pacific coast. There are
80 or more species of this genus distributed throughout the tropical and
temperate regions of the world.
North American species north of Mexico 19-20
New England species 6
Hoosac Valley species 5-6
New England species:
1. _G. Romanzoffiana_ (Chamisso), MacMillan, 1828-1892.
2. _G. plantaginea_ (Rafinesque), Britton, 1818-1896.
3. _G. ochroleuca_ Rydberg, 1901.
4. _G. cernua_ (Linnæus), Kuntze, 1753-1891.
5. _G. simplex_ (A. Gray), Kuntze, 1867-1891.
6. _G. gracilis_ (Bigelow), Kuntze, 1824-1891.
1.—GYROSTACHYS ROMANZOFFIANA (Chamisso), MacMillan, 1828-1892
HOODED LADIES’ TRESSES
The specific name, _Romanzoffiana_, refers to the species being named in
honor of Count Romanzov, a Russian nobleman.
Rather conspicuous bogland orchid, with 1-6 tuberous roots. July
15th-August 27th-September 8th.
=Flowers= white or greenish, 3-rowed, in spiked racemes, slightly
twisted, 2-4 inches long, ⅓-⅔ inch thick; very fragrant. =Labellum=
oblong, contracted below the crisped apex. =Sepals= and =petals= broad
at the base, hooded above. =Stem= 6-15 inches high. =Leaves= below, near
the base, 3-8 inches long, with bracts above. Seedlings produce but one
tuber, older plants several adhering, older tubers finally withering.
_Continental Range_—From Unalaska and New Metlakatla, along the
southeastern coast of Alaska, southward to Pennsylvania; westward to
the Pacific Ocean, ascending 8500 feet altitude in moist meadows in
Yellowstone Park, Montana, and 9500 feet on Mount Graham, in Arizona. It
is especially a Northern species.
_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, infrequent; Vermont,
infrequent; Massachusetts, rare; Reservoir Swamp, Notch Road, North
Adams, August 17th, 1903 (Grace G. Niles); swamps, base of Mount
Greylock, Adams, (Marcus White); Mr. White is the first botanist to
collect this species in Massachusetts.
[Illustration: =The Hooded Ladies’ Tresses.= (_Gyrostachys
Romanzoffiana._)]
2.—GYROSTACHYS PLANTAGINEA (Rafinesque) Britton, 1818-1896
EARLY BROAD-LEAVED LADIES’ TRESSES
The specific name, _plantaginea_, refers to a supposed resemblance of
this species to the spikes and foliage of certain species of Plantain
(_Plantago_).
Small moist woodland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. June 7th-July
2nd-August 15th.
=Flowers= yellow and white, spreading, ¼ inch long, in densely flowered
raceme, 1-2 inches long, ⅓-½ inch thick. =Labellum= pale yellow on
face, oblong, not contracted in middle, apex rounded and fringed, base
clawed. =Sepals= and =petals= white; lateral sepals free, lanceolate,
upper sepal, united with petals. =Stem= 4-10 inches high. =Leaves= 4-5,
oblanceolate, 1-5 inches long, becoming bract-like above.
_Continental Range_—From New Brunswick, Ontario, southward to Virginia;
westward to Wisconsin and Minnesota. Rather rare in the southern and
western range; nowhere abundant.
=New England Range=—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, frequent;
Massachusetts, rare; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, rare.
3.—GYROSTACHYS OCHROLEUCA Rydberg, Britton’s _Manual_. 300, 1901[78]
YELLOW LADIES’ TRESSES
The specific name, _ochroleuca_, refers to the yellowish-green or
ochroleucous color of the flowers.
Small hillside and damp pasture-land orchid, with fleshy or tuberous
roots. August-September 1st-15th.
=Flowers= yellowish-green, very fragrant, in densely flowered raceme,
conspicuously acute in bud, of creamy-green color, in company with _G.
cernua_, but not so abundant. =Labellum= oblong, crenulate or crisped.
=Stem= 12-20 inches high, pubescent. =Leaves= linear, tapering at both
ends, basal, with bract-like leaves above. Slightly later than _G.
cernua_.
_Continental Range_—From New Hampshire, southward to Pennsylvania, and
North Carolina.
_New England Range_—Without doubt in each State in company with _G.
cernua_, of which it appears to be a form. Frequent Mt. Washington,
Massachusetts, and swamps about North Adams, September 1st (Grace G.
Niles).
4.—GYROSTACHYS CERNUA (Linnæus) Kuntze, 1753-1891
NODDING LADIES’ TRESSES
The specific name, _cernua_, refers to cernuous or nodding flowers of
this species.
Small bogland or damp meadow orchid, with fleshy or tuberous roots.
August 25th-September 1st-28th-October.
=Flowers= white, fragrant, nodding or spreading, ½ inch long, in three
rows; densely flowered raceme, twisted, 4-5 inches long, ½-⅔ inch thick.
=Labellum= oblong, apex rounded, crisped. Lateral =sepals= free; upper
one arching with =petals=. =Stem= 6-25 inches high. =Leaves= at or near
base, linear-oblanceolate, 3-14 inches long, with 2-6 bracts above.
_Continental Range_—From the Barren Grounds in latitude 64°-69° North,
southward to Florida; westward to Minnesota, Kansas, Indian Territory,
Texas, and New Mexico.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, common; Connecticut, very common.
[Illustration: =The Nodding Ladies’ Tresses.= (_Gyrostachys cernua._)]
5.—GYROSTACHYS SIMPLEX (A. Gray) Kuntze, 1867-1891[79]
LITTLE SIMPLE LADIES’ TRESSES
The specific name, _simplex_, refers to the simplicity of this species.
Slender sandy soil orchid, with _single_ tuberous root. August-September
9th.