4th.
=Flowers=, 1-4 terminal, large, showy, white, tinged with deep pink
or wine; the most beautiful species among our native _Cypripediums_.
=Labellum= shoe-shaped, inflated, drooping margins of the orifice
inflected, crest deeply tinged with pink-purple; interior downy,
ornamented with lines of deeper purple. Rarely pure white flowers occur.
=Sepals= and =petals= similar, pure white; 2 lower sepals wholly united;
side petals narrower than sepals. =Stem=, 1-3 feet high. =Leaves=,
5-7, alternating to top of stem; 3-7 inches long, clasping, 1-4 inches
wide; 10-13 plaits; strongly pubescent, produces poisonous effect to
susceptible people similar to that caused by _Rhus_.
_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia southward to the higher mountains of
North Carolina, and Huntsville, Alabama; westward to Minnesota, Walhalla
Mountains, North Dakota, and the Barrens of Kentucky.
_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, common; Rhode Island, no stations reported;
Connecticut, frequent.
[Illustration: =The Showy Moccasin-Flower.= (_Cypripedium reginæ._)
This is the most gorgeous _Cypripedium_ in the world, and without doubt
one of the most ancient types of the genus. The stigma is distinctly
three-lobed. The plate shows the waxy texture of the white sepals and
petals and the wine-colored crest of the shoe-shaped labellum, as well as
the highly decorated interior.]
3.—CYPRIPEDIUM CANDIDUM Willdenow, 1805[66]
SMALL WHITE LADY’S SLIPPER—THE PRAIRIE MOCCASIN-FLOWER
The specific name, _candidum_, refers to the white labellum of this
species.
Small, damp swamp-land orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. Rare. May
11th-June 29th.
=Flowers= small, solitary, and terminal. =Labellum= shoe-shaped, white,
striped with purple interiorly; about 1 inch long; orifice small, with
edges inflected. =Sepals= and =petals= lanceolate, greenish-brown and
purple; lower sepals imperfectly united. =Stem= leafy, 6-12 inches high,
pubescent. =Leaves=, 3-4, sheathing, erect, crowded, acute, 3-5 inches
long, ⅔-1½ inches wide, several scales below, 7-9 nerved.
_Continental Range_—From Connecticut, Pennsylvania westward to Indiana,
North Dakota, Columbia Plains, on the Canadian shore of St. Clair River,
to the Barrens of northern Kentucky, and Fort Hill, California, which
station appears doubtful; more central distribution being from central
New York to North Dakota.
_New England Range_—Recently reported for Connecticut by Mr. A. W.
Driggs, of East Hartford.
4.—CYPRIPEDIUM HIRSUTUM Miller, 1768
(_Cypripedium pubescens_ Willdenow, 1805)
LARGE YELLOW LADY’S SLIPPER—DOWNY YELLOW MOCCASIN-FLOWER
The specific name, _hirsutum_, refers to the whole plant being hirsute,
or clothed with hairs.
Large bogland or damp mountainside orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. May
19th-June 15th.
=Flowers= dull chrome yellow, 1-3, terminal, shoe-shaped, 1-2½ inches
long. =Labellum= shoe-shaped, inflated, convex above, chrome yellow,
edges of orifice inflected, lined with downy hairs and dotted lines of
carmine. =Sepals= and =petals= graceful, petals very much twisted; lower
sepals imperfectly united; siskin-green and brown-purple. =Stem= leafy to
top, 1-2½ high, pubescent. =Leaves=, usually 5, broadly ovate, 3-5 inches
long, 1½-3 inches wide; 7-9 nerved; plicate and hirsute, said to cause
poisonous irritation similar to _Rhus_. =Roots= used as a nervine.[67]
_Continental Range_—From the wooded country of the sub-arctic lands
in latitude 54°-64° North, southward throughout Canada, New England,
to Alabama; westward to North Dakota, Colorado, slightly beyond the
Continental Divide in the Rocky Mountain region.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
frequent; Massachusetts, abundant; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, rare.
5.—CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM Salisbury, 1791
SMALL YELLOW LADY’S SLIPPER—FRAGRANT YELLOW MOCCASIN-FLOWER
The specific name, _parviflorum_, refers to the small flower of this
species.
Small bogland or damp hillside orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. May
19th-July 4th.
Flowers small, yellow, solitary, and terminal. Often intergrades with
larger yellow species—(_C. hirsutum_); fragrant, the only _Cypripedium_
in the Atlantic region especially so. Labellum small, ½-1½ inch long,
shoe-shaped, drooping lemon-yellow, lined with downy hairs and dotted
lines of carmine. Sepals and petals brownish-purple, similar in texture;
sepals 2 inches long, graceful, twisted, lower ones imperfectly united;
petals glossy and twisting exceedingly. Stem leafy, slender, pubescent,
1-2 feet high. Leaves lanceolate, 3-5 inches long and 1-2¼ inches wide,
pubescent, 7-9 nerved; not so villose as _C. hirsutum_ Miller. Said to
produce poisonous effect similar to _Rhus_.
_Continental Range_—In company with other species of New England
_Cypripedium_; from Newfoundland, British Columbia, southward to Georgia;
westward to the sub-humid regions of Kansas, extending slightly over the
Continental Divide in Rocky Mountain region. Ascends 4000 feet altitude
in Virginia.
_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, infrequent;
Vermont, frequent; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, not reported;
Connecticut, rather rare.
6.—CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE Aiton, 1789
TWO-LEAVED LADY’S SLIPPER—STEMLESS PINK MOCCASIN-FLOWER
The specific name, _acaule_, refers to the lowly and humble
(acaulescent), growth of the species, since the flower is stemless,
arising from a short or subterranean stem.
Sphagnous bogland, _conifer_ or mixed woodland orchid with fleshy-fibrous
roots. May 19th-June 20th.
Flowers large, pink-purple, solitary, terminal, stemless. Labellum
shoe-shaped, 2-2½ inches long, bi-lobed, pendulous, with closed fissure
down its whole length, edges inflected, downy interiorly; pink-purple
with darker veining of purple. (Rarely pure white flowers occur, with
chrome yellow sepals and petals.) Sepals and petals brown-purple and
green, shorter than labellum; two lower sepals wholly united. =Stem=
very short, obscured by the basal leaves. =Scape= naked, 8-18 inches
high, single-flowered, terminal. Few instances where two flowers or buds
in embryo have occurred. =Leaves= 2, sheathing the base of peduncle,
oblanceolate 3-5 nerved, hirsute and thickened; 6-8 inches long, 2-3
inches wide, resembling the leaves of _Orchis spectabilis_ Linnæus.
_Continental Range_—From Newfoundland, and Fort Franklin, in latitude
54°-64° North; southward to Lookout Mountain, Mentone, and Cullman,
Alabama; westward to northern Indiana, Minnesota, and Kentucky.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
abundant; Massachusetts, abundant; Rhode Island, common; Connecticut,
common.
[Illustration: =The Pink Moccasin-Flower—The Stemless Lady’s-Slipper.=
(_Cypripedium acaule._)
Showing the structure of the pendulous and bi-lobed labellum, and the
processes of the sepals and petals. The lower sepals are wholly united
in this species, and less grace or undulation appears than in the Yellow
Cypripediums.]
II
Orchis
Linnæus, 1753
SHOWY ORCHIS
The generic name, _Orchis_, refers to ὄρχις, the son of a rural deity of
classical mythology, in whose memory these flowers were designated.
Plants with biennial roots. =Anther= 1. =Labellum= connate with base
of the column; produced below into a spur. =Sepals= separate, free
to the base, similar in texture to the petals. =Flowers= small,
delicate white and rose-purple, fragrant; in a short terminal spike.
=Anther-sacs= divergent; pollinia granulose, 1 in each anther-sac, which
is attached at the base to a viscid disk or gland. =Glands= _enclosed_
in a pouch. =Stem=, scape-like, 5-angled, 4-12 inches high. =Leaves=
2, oblong-obovate, shining, basal, with several bracts above. =Roots=
fleshy-fibrous or tuberous.
_Continental Range_—There are three reported species of this genus for
the Continent. _Orchis_, as a genus, contains 80 or more species ranging
throughout the temperate regions of Europe, Asia, Northern Africa,
Canaries, and North America.
North American species 3
New England species 2
Hoosac Valley species 1
New England species:
1. _O. spectabilis_ Linnæus, 1753.
2. _O. rotundifolia_ (Pursh) Lindley, 1814-1835.
1.—ORCHIS SPECTABILIS Linnæus, 1753
SHOWY ORCHIS
The specific name, _spectabilis_, refers to the beautiful spectacle of a
group of these plants in bloom.
Small, damp woodland orchid with fleshy-fibrous roots. April 19th-June
19th.
=Flowers= fragrant, about 1 inch long, violet-purple mixed with
rose-purple and white; 3-6 flowered in a bracted raceme. =Labellum=
divergent, attached to a spur, purple and white. =Sepals= and =petals=
arching in a galea. =Glands= _enclosed_ in a pouch or hooded fold. Stem,
scape-like, 4-12 inches high, thick, 5-angled. =Leaves= 2, basal with 1-2
scales below, and foliaceous bracts above sheathing the seed-capsules.
_Continental Range_—From New Brunswick, Ontario, southward to Georgia and
Alabama; westward to the Rocky Mountains. Ascends 4000 feet altitude in
Virginia.
_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
frequent; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut,
common.
[Illustration: =The Showy Orchis.= (_Orchis spectabilis._)
The first orchis of the season, showing the hooded fold above the orifice
of the spur and the processes of the flowers on the bracted scape.]
2.—ORCHIS ROTUNDIFOLIA (Pursh) Lindley, 1814-1835[68]
SMALL ROUND-LEAVED ORCHIS
The specific name, _rotundifolia_, refers to the round leaf of this
species.
Small woodland or sphagnous bogland orchid with fleshy-fibrous roots.
June 10th-July.
=Flowers= white, rose-purple, flecked with deeper purple, ½-⅔ inch long,
subtended by bracts; =raceme= 2-6 flowered. =Labellum= 3-lobed, white,
purple-spotted, longer than petals, central lobe largest, two-lobed or
notched at the summit; spur slender, shorter than labellum. =Sepals= and
=petals= oval, rose-color. =Glands= _enclosed_. =Stem= slender, 8-10
inches high. =Leaf= 1 near the base, orbicular or oval, 1½-3 inches long,
and 1-2 inches wide, sheathing scales below.
_Continental Range_—Rare; from Greenland, southward throughout Canada,
in latitude 55°-56° North in British Columbia, Rocky Mountain region to
Bristol Swamps, Addison County, Vermont, and Norfolk, Connecticut (?).
_New England Range_—Maine, rare; New Hampshire, rare; Vermont, rare;
Massachusetts, not reported; Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut,
doubtfully reported.
III
Habenaria
Willdenow, 1805
REIN ORCHIS—NAKED GLAND ORCHIS
The generic name, _Habenaria_, comes from _habena_, a thong or rein.
=Leafy-stemmed= plants. =Anther= 1. =Glands= _naked_. =Labellum=
spreading or drooping, with a spur at base. =Sepals= and petals free,
similar in structure and color. =Anther-sacs= parallel; pollinia without
caudicles, powdery or granulose. =Flowers= mostly in a spiked raceme,
various in colors, ornamented with spurs, fringed petals and throats.
=Fragrance= delicate and exquisite in several species. =Leaves= 1-many,
lanceolate, becoming bract-like above. In two species—_H. orbiculata_
(Pursh) Torrey and _H. Hookeriana_ A. Gray—the leaves are orbicular and
basal, with or without bracts above. =Roots= thick, fibrous, tuberous or
palmate. =Seedlings= appear numerous in many stations.
_Continental Range_—A genus containing about 450-500 species for the
world, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions in Europe,
Asia, and America. There are 50-55 species on the continent of North
America north of Mexico.
North American species north of Mexico 50-55
New England species 18
Hoosac Valley species 13-16
New England species:
1. _H. orbiculata_ (Pursh) Torrey, 1814-1826.
2. _H. Hookeriana_ A. Gray, 1836.
3. _H. oblongifolia_ (Paine) Niles, 1865-1903.
4. _H. obtusata_ (Pursh) Richardson, 1814-1823.
5. _H. hyperborea_ (Linnæus) R. Brown, 1767-1813.
6. _H. media_ (Rydberg) Niles, 1901-1903.
7. _H. dilatata_ (Pursh) Hooker, 1814-1825.
8. _H. fragrans_ (Rydberg) Niles, 1901-1903.
9. _H. bracteata_ (Willdenow) R. Brown, 1805-1813.
10. _H. clavellata_ (Michaux) Sprengel, 1803-1826.
11. _H. flava_ (Linnæus) A. Gray, 1753-1840.
12. _H. ciliaris_ (Linnæus) R. Brown, 1753-1813.
13. _H. blephariglottis_ (Willdenow) Torrey, 1805-1826.
14. _H. holopetala_ (Lindley) A. Gray, 1835-1867.
15. _H. lacera_ (Michaux) R. Brown, 1803-1810.
16. _H. grandiflora_ (Bigelow) Torrey, 1824-1826.
17. _H. psycodes_ (Linnæus) A. Gray, 1753-1840.
18. _H. Andrewseii_ White n. sp. (per letter, 1903).
1.—HABENARIA ORBICULATA (Pursh) Torrey, 1814-1826
LARGE ROUND-LEAVED ORCHIS—HEAL-ALL—SHIN-PLASTERS
The specific name, _orbiculata_, refers to the round or orbicular leaves
of this plant.
Tall spiked woodland orchid, with thick fibrous roots. June 17th-July
15th-August 5th.
=Flowers= greenish-white, many in spiked raceme. =Labellum=
oblong-linear, white, spur long. =Sepals= and =petals= ⅓ to ½ as long as
labellum. Sepals spreading, petals smaller. =Stem= or scape 1-2½ feet
high, _bracted_, occasionally producing one small stem-leaf. =Leaves= 2,
basal, large, round, flat-lying, 4-7 inches in diameter.
_Continental Range_—Not uncommon, but scarcely abundant, from
Newfoundland, British Columbia, Lake Superior, southward to the western
mountains of North Carolina; westward to Montana, Idaho, and Washington.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
frequent; Massachusetts, occasional; Rhode Island, not reported;
Connecticut, rather rare.
2.—HABENARIA HOOKERIANA A. Gray, 1836
SMALL, ROUND-LEAVED ORCHIS—HOOKER’S ORCHIS
The specific name, _Hookeriana_, refers to Sir J. Hooker, who studied
this orchid and in whose honor Dr. Gray designated it.
Damp, hilly woodland orchid with fleshy-fibrous roots. June 10th-August
22d.
=Flowers= many, subtended by small bracts in spiked raceme,
yellowish-green; spike 4-8 inches long. =Labellum= linear-lanceolate,
acute ⅓-½ inch long. =Sepals= and =petals= greenish, spreading; petals
awl-shaped ⅓ inch long. =Stem= 8-18 inches high, _not bracted_. =Leaves=
2, oval, obovate, or orbicular, slightly ascending, 3-6 inches long.
_Continental Range_—From Nova Scotia, Lake Huron, Lake Superior,
southward to New Jersey and Pennsylvania, westward to Indiana, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, and Iowa.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
frequent; Massachusetts, occasional; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut,
rare.
3.—HABENARIA OBLONGIFOLIA (Paine) Niles, 1865-1903
SMALL OBLONG-LEAVED ORCHIS
The specific name, _oblongifolia_, refers to the oblong leaves.
Damp, hilly woodland orchid with fleshy-fibrous roots. June-August.
=Flowers= many in spiked raceme, yellowish-green similar or identical
with the spike of flowers of _H. Hookeriana_. =Stem= 8-18 inches high,
_not bracted_. =Leaves= 2, _oblong_, ascending.
_Continental Range_—In similar situations with _H. Hookeriana_ and _H.
orbiculata_, from Nova Scotia (Macoun) Campbellton, New Brunswick,
(Chalmers), Chelsea Mountains, Quebec (Fletcher’s _Flora_, Ottawa);
southward to New York (Paine and Dudley), New Jersey (Mrs. Britton), and
throughout New England States; westward to Iowa.
[Illustration: =A Group of Three Species of Genus Habenaria.= 1. =The Tall
Northern Green Orchis.= (_Habenaria hyperborea._) 2. =The Tall Northern
White Orchis.= (_Habenaria dilatata._) 3. =The Large Round-Leaved Orchis.=
(_Habenaria orbiculata._)]
4.—HABENARIA OBTUSATA (Pursh) Richardson, 1814-1823[69]
SUB-ALPINE GREENISH BOG-ORCHIS
The specific name, _obtusata_, refers to the obtuse or blunt sepals and
labellum of this species.
Small sub-alpine bogland orchid, with fibrous roots. June 22d-July
30th-September.
=Flowers=, greenish-yellow in loose spiked raceme 1-2½ inches long;
flowers ¼ inch long. =Labellum= blunt or obtuse, deflexed, entire.
=Lateral sepals= spreading, oblong and obtuse. =Petals= shorter, obtusely
2-lobed at base. =Stem= slender, _not bracted_, 4-10 inches high,
4-angled. =Leaf= 1, basal, obovate.
_Continental Range_—From Alaska, southward throughout Canada to Mt.
Wachusett, Massachusetts; westward to Minnesota, Wyoming, Montana, and
Colorado.
_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
rare; Massachusetts, very rare; Mt. Wachusett (Dr. G. E. Stone); Mt.
Washington (Henry Baldwin); Rhode Island, not reported; Connecticut, not
reported.
5.—HABENARIA HYPERBOREA (Linnæus) R. Brown, 1767-1813
TALL GREEN NORTHERN ORCHIS
The specific name, _hyperborea_, refers to the species being tall and a
boreal or northern orchid.
Cold bogland or damp woodland orchid, with thick fleshy roots. May
30th-July 28th-August 18th.
=Flowers= small, greenish-yellow, on bracted spike 3-8 inches long;
infrequent, said to be constructed for self-fertilization, if insects
fail to visit the flowers. =Labellum= lanceolate, obtuse, and entire.
=Sepals= and =petals= obtuse, ovate, ⅙-¼ inch long; upper sepal crenulate
at apex. =Stem= tall, stout, leafy, 8 inches to 3 feet high. =Leaves=
many lanceolate, acute. =Seed-capsule= much twisted.
_Continental Range_—From Greenland, Yakutat Bay and eastern part of
Kadiak Island and vicinity of Sitka, Alaska, to Fort Franklin; southward
to Pennsylvania and New Jersey; westward to Minnesota, Montana,
Washington, New Mexico, and California. This species is closely allied
with the Tall White Fragrant Bog-Orchis (_H. dilatata_). The latter,
however, is not constructed for self-fertilization. Several species of
_Habenaria_ appear to intergrade with each other more or less throughout
their range.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
abundant; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, not reported;
Connecticut, rare.
6.—HABENARIA MEDIA (Rydberg) Niles, 1901-1903[70]
INTERMEDIATE BOG-ORCHIS
The specific name, _media_, refers to the intermediate form of this
species between _H. hyperborea_ and _H. dilatata_.
A tall bogland orchid, with fleshy roots. June-August.
=Flowers= greenish-purplish, spike densely flowered; it has often been
confused with _H. hyperborea_ and _H. dilatata_, which it closely
resembles. Type specimen from Quebec. =Labellum= lanceolate, entire,
obtuse, slightly dilated at the base; spur exceeding the labellum, curved
and obtuse. =Sepals= ovate-oblong; petals lanceolate, obtuse. =Stem=
16 inches to 2½ feet high, rather stout. =Leaves= lanceolate, acute.
Seed-capsule ⅖ inch long.
_Continental Range_—In bogs from Quebec, southward to New York and New
England.
_New England Range_—There are no authoritative stations reported as yet,
although the author collected intermediate forms of _H. hyperborea_ in
Dimmick Swamp, Pownal, Vermont, July, 1903, answering to Dr. Rydberg’s
descriptions of this form. It is also reported by Marcus White and A.
LeRoy Andrews for Pownal Swamps.[71]
7.—HABENARIA DILATATA (Pursh) Hooker, 1814-1825
TALL WHITE NORTHERN ORCHIS
The specific name, _dilatata_, refers to the dilated condition of the
labellum of this orchid.
A tall slender or stout bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous or tuberous
roots. June 2d-August 23d.
=Flowers= white, small, in a densely flowered spike 2-10 inches long.
Slightly fragrant. Not constructed for self-fertilization as the closely
allied species _H. hyperborea_. =Labellum= entire, dilated, or obtusely
3-lobed at base. =Spur= blunt and incurved. =Sepals= ovate, obtuse, and
small. =Stem= slender, often stout, inferring that an intermediate form
exists, which Dr. Rydberg has designated specifically as _fragrans_.
=Leaves= lanceolate. =Seed-capsule= much twisted.
_Continental Range_—From Ankow River, Ocean Cape, Alaska, and Unalaska
in latitude 60° North; southward to Litchfield, Connecticut, Amherst,
Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania; westward to Minnesota, Wyoming,
Colorado, also occurring in the cañons of Clear Water Valley, Idaho.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
frequent; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, not reported;
Connecticut, rare.
[Illustration: =The Spikes of Habenaria.= (_Habenaria Andrewseii_ and
_Habenaria psycodes_.)]
8.—HABENARIA FRAGRANS (Rydberg) Niles, 1901-1903[72]
FRAGRANT SLENDER BOG-ORCHIS
The specific name, _fragrans_, refers to the exquisite fragrance of this
species, which is so closely allied with _H. dilatata_ and of which it
appears to be a form.
Slender bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. July.
=Flowers= small, pure white, very fragrant; in a slender spiked raceme.
=Labellum= narrowly linear, dilated at the base, obtuse, shorter than
the curved filiform spur; otherwise as the preceding species. =Sepals=
lanceolate, acutish, strongly striate. =Stem= very slender and leafy
above, 8-12 inches high. =Leaves= linear, several.
_Continental Range_—Reported from a single station in Vermont. Slender
forms of _H. dilatata_, very fragrant and slightly so, are present in the
bogs of Pownal, Vermont, and North Adams, Massachusetts, where the writer
has collected them, believing that they were forms brought about by the
intergrading of the bogland _Habenarias_ closely associated. Species of
_Habenaria_ appear to produce natural hybrids readily.[73]
_New England Range_—Vermont.
9.—HABENARIA BRACTEATA (Willdenow) R. Brown, 1805-1813
LONG BRACTED ORCHIS
The specific name, _bracteata_, refers to the long bracts, subtending the
seed-capsules of this species.
A slender bracted bogland orchid, with fleshy-fibrous roots. May 8th-July
14th-August 12th.
=Flowers= small, greenish, in a loosely flowered spike, 3-5 inches
long, subtended by long bracts. =Labellum= long, spatulate 2-3 toothed
or lobed, twice as long as sac-like spur. =Sepals= ovate-lanceolate,
spreading, dilated, at base; =petals= very narrow, threadlike. =Stem=
leafy, slender, or stout, 6 inches to 2 feet high. =Leaves= lanceolate,
oval.
_Continental Range_—From Sitka and Unalaska to the Great Plains,
approaching the Rocky Mountains in latitude 55° North; southward
throughout New England to North Carolina; westward to Minnesota, North
and South Dakota, and Montana.
_New England Range_—Maine, common; New Hampshire, common; Vermont,
common; Massachusetts, frequent; Rhode Island, rare; Connecticut, rather
rare.
10.—HABENARIA CLAVELLATA (Michaux) Sprengel, 1803-1826
SMALL YELLOWISH BOG-ORCHIS—SMALL WOOD-ORCHIS
The specific name, _clavellata_, refers to the club-shaped appendages of
stigma or clavate spur attached to the flowers of this species.
A small bogland or woodland orchid, with fibrous roots. May 17th
(Missouri), June (Alabama); July 15th-August (Maine).
=Flowers= small greenish-yellow, in a loosely flowered spike ½-2 inches
long. =Labellum= dilated, 3-toothed at apex; spur longer than ovary,
clavate. =Sepals= and =petals= ovate. =Stem= 8-18 inches high. =Leaf= 1,
near the base, 1-3 bracts above.
_Continental Range_—From Lake Huron, Newfoundland, southward to Alabama;
westward to Indiana, and Missouri. Ascends 6000 feet altitude in North
Carolina.
_New England Range_—Maine, frequent; New Hampshire, frequent; Vermont,
infrequent; Massachusetts, infrequent; Rhode Island, frequent;
Connecticut, frequent.
[Illustration: =The Small Bog.= (_Habenaria clavellata._)]
11.—HABENARIA FLAVA (Linnæus) A. Gray, 1753-1840
TUBERCLED ORCHIS