“By order of the king our sovereign:
Juan de Ybarra”
[114] See the royal instructions given to Dasmariñas, in VOL. VII, pp.
141–172; and especially pp. 149–151.
[115] The opinions of the religious given January 19 and 20, 1592 upon
the question of waging war on the Zambals (see VOL. III, pp.
199–233), prove this assertion of Dasmariñas to have been made too
soon.
[116] The province of Pampanga is still an abundant source of supplies.
Of its total area of 224,812 hectares, 105,677 or 47 per cent is
agricultural, and of that 63,840 hectares (or 60.4 per cent) are
cultivated. It is the second sugar producing province in the
archipelago, producing 14,317,776 kilograms in 1902.
[117] Morga makes a statement somewhat at variance with this (see VOL.
XV, p. 75).
[118] See the bull of Gregory XIII, dated February 6, 1578, in VOL. IV,
pp. 119–124, where the patronage of the Spanish monarch in
ecclesiastical matters is conceded. Libro i, tit. 6, of Recopilación
de Leyes de Indias treats of the royal patronage. Law i, promulgated by
Felipe II, at San Lorenzo, June 1, 1574, and Madrid, February 21, 1575;
and by Felipe IV, June 15, 1654, is as follows:
“Inasmuch as the right of ecclesiastical patronage belongs to us
throughout the state of the Indias, both because we discovered and
acquired that new world, built and endowed there the churches and
monasteries at our own cost, and that of the Catholic sovereigns our
ancestors, and because it was conceded to us by bulls of the supreme
pontiffs of their own accord, for their conservation and for that of
the justice which we have there: we order and command that this right
of patronage of the Indias, singly, and in solidum, be reserved forever
to us and to our royal crown, and it cannot be deprived of it in whole
or in part; and by any grace, reward, privilege, or any other
disposition that we or the kings our successors may make or concede, it
shall not be adjudged that we concede the right of patronage to any
person, church, or monastery, or that we are prejudiced in the said our
right of patronage. Further, no person or persons, ecclesiastical or
secular community, church, or monastery, can make use of the right of
patronage by any custom, rule, or any other title, unless it be the
person who exercises it in our name, and with our authority and power.
No person, secular or ecclesiastical, order or convent, religious order
or community of any estate, condition, rank, and preëminence,
judicially or extrajudicially, shall dare, for any cause or occasion,
to meddle at all with anything touching the said our royal patronage,
or to damage us in our exercise of it, or appoint to church, benefice,
or ecclesiastical office, or receive such to which appointments are
made throughout the state of the Indias, without our presentation, or
that of the person to whom we entrust the same by law or
letters-patent. Whoever shall do the contrary, if he be a secular
person, shall incur the loss of the rewards that we shall have given
him throughout the state of the Indias, shall be declared incapable of
gaining and holding others, and shall be exiled from all our kingdoms
perpetually. If he be an ecclesiastical person, he shall be considered
and regarded as exiled from our kingdoms, and shall be unable to
possess or hold any benefice or ecclesiastical office in the said our
kingdoms. Both classes shall incur the other penalties established by
the laws of these kingdoms. Our viceroys, and royal audiencias and
justices shall proceed with all rigor against those who fail in the
observance and inviolability of our right of patronage. They shall
proceed by virtue of their office or at the petition of our fiscals, or
of any other party who pleads it, and shall observe the necessary
precautions in the execution thereof.”
Law xliv (dated San Lorenzo, August 28, 1591), treats of the hospitals
and is as follows:
“We order the steward or superintendent of the funds of the churches
and hospitals of the Indians to be appointed according to the ordinance
of the royal patronage, without any innovation. Thus shall it be
executed by the viceroys and presidents, and the others who are
concerned with the exercise of the patronage.”
See also laws xvi and xvii of this same libro and título which treat
directly of the Philippines, and which are given in VOL. XVI, p. 169,
note 220. Law xviii (dated San Lorenzo, October 5, 1606) also treating
of the Philippines, is as follows: “In order that the bishops of the
churches of Nueva Cáceres, Nueva Segovia, and that of Nombre de Jesus
of the Filipinas Islands may have persons to aid them in the pontifical
ceremonies and in order that they may have the requisite propriety of
form in their churches, and the divine worship have more veneration, in
view of the fact that there are no tithes by which any prebendaries can
be maintained in them, our governor of those islands shall appoint in
each one of the said churches two secular priests of good morals and
example who shall assist and aid the bishop in the pontifical
ceremonies and in everything touching the divine worship. He shall
assign to them some moderate sum from our royal treasury for their
maintenance, so that they might thereby serve the churches for the
present and until there is more faculty for endowing them with
prebendaries and supplying whatever else is necessary.”
[119] The information given by Pérez concerning Tomás Márquez (in
view of the present document) is unsatisfactory. He was a minister of
Cagayán in 1587 and 1590, where he taught the natives to develop their
natural agricultural resources. In 1597 he was elected
commissary-procurator in Spain, but did not make the voyage. He died in
Manila in 1616. The present document would indicate that Márquez did
go to Spain, and probably Rome. See Pérez’s Catálogo, p. 33.
[120] The Philippines were originally regarded by the Spaniards as
belonging to the West Indies.
[121] The Augustinian convent of San Felipe el Real of Madrid was
founded in 1545 or 1547.—T. C. Middleton, O.S.A.
[122] The numbering of the various parts of this section is very
confused, but we follow it throughout.
[123] Discreet (Latin Discretus) a representative of a province chosen
to go to a general chapter to make report thereto on all matters.—T.
C. Middleton, O.S.A.
[124] John Baptist Bernori of Piombino, Italy, belonged to the province
of the Augustinians of Siena. He was scripture professor at the Roman
Sapienza. See Lanteri, Eremus (Rome, 1874–75) ii, p. 233.—T. C.
Middleton, O.S.A.
[125] This was the first Augustinian colony in the New World. Seven
were sent at first to Mexico by San Tomás de Villanueva, then
provincial of Castile (leaving Spain, March 3, 1533, and arriving in
Mexico, June 7, of the same year). The names of these seven were:
Francisco de la Cruz, Agustín de Coruña, Gerónimo Jimenez, Juan de
San Roman, Juan de Oseguera, Alonso de Borja, and Jorge de Avila. Two
years later five others (under Nicolás de Agreda) were also sent to
Mexico from Spain. See Revista Agustiniana, xi, pp. 34, 35.—T. C.
Middleton, O.S.A.
[126] Thaddeus Guidelli of Perugia, general of the Augustinians, born
in Tuscany, filled many offices in the order: provincial of Ombria, in
1557; procurator-general for many years; vicar general of the order;
and finally general, having been elected in general chapter at Perugia,
May 14, 1570. He had been present at the Council of Trent. His death
occurred at Perugia in 1606, at the age of ninety-five. See Lanteri,
Eremus (Rome, 1874–75), i, p. 307; ii, p. 232.—T. C. Middleton,
O.S.A.
[127] The first archbishop of Manila, Ignacio de Santibañez, O.S.F.,
died August 14, 1598, after having been in the islands only since May
28, of the same year. His successor Miguel de Benavides, O.P., did not
assume his seat until 1603.
[128] This was the estate at Quiapo. See VOL. XIV, pp. 327–329.
[129] See Ortega’s relations and representations, VOL. IX, pp.
95–119.
[130] The benefactor of the Recollects. See VOL. XXI, pp. 194,
284–289.
[131] See the accounts of Morga’s fight with Oliver van Noordt in
VOL. XI, pp. 140–186, and VOL. XV, pp. 205–237, 300–306 (voyage
of van Noordt).