HUSSITE, hus's[=i]t, _n._ a follower of the Bohemian reformer, John _Hus_,
martyred in 1415.
HUSSY, huz'i, _n._ a pert girl: a worthless wench.
HUSTINGS, hus'tingz, _n.sing._ the principal court of the city of London:
formerly the booths where the votes were taken at an election of an M.P.,
or the platform from which the candidates gave their addresses. [A.S.
_hústing_, a council, but a Scand. word, and used in speaking of the
Danes--Ice. _hústhing_--_hús_, a house, _thing_, an assembly.]
HUSTLE, hus'l, _v.t._ to shake or push together: to crowd with
violence.--_n._ HUS'TLER, an energetic fellow. [Old Dut. _hutsen_,
_hutselen_, to shake to and fro; cf. _hotchpotch_.]
HUSWIFE. See HOUSEWIFE.
HUT, hut, _n._ a small or mean house: (_mil._) a small temporary
dwelling.--_v.t._ (_mil._) to place in huts, as quarters:--_pr.p._
hut'ting; _pa.p._ hut'ted. [Fr. _hutte_--Old High Ger. _hutta_ (Ger.
_hütte_).]
HUTCH, huch, _n._ a box, a chest: a coop for rabbits: a baker's
kneading-trough: a trough used with some ore-dressing machines: a low wagon
in which coal is drawn up out of the pit.--_v.i._ (_Milt._) to hoard up.
[Fr. _huche_, a chest--Low L. _hutica_, a box; prob. Teut.]
HUTCHINSONIAN, huch-in-s[=o]n'i-an, _n._ a follower of John _Hutchinson_
(1674-1737), who held that the Hebrew Scriptures contain typically the
elements of all rational philosophy, natural history, and true religion.
HUTTONIAN, hut-[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ relating to the views of James _Hutton_
(1726-97), who emphasised natural agencies in the formation of the earth's
crust.
HUZZA, hooz-zä', _interj._ and _n._ hurrah! a shout of joy or
approbation.--_v.t._ to attend with shouts of joy.--_v.i._ to utter shouts
of joy or acclamation:--_pr.p._ huzza'ing; _pa.p._ huzzaed (-zäd'). [Ger.
_hussa_; the same as _hurrah_.]
HYACINE, h[=i]'a-sin, _n._ (_Spens._) the hyacinth.
HYACINTH, h[=i]'a-sinth, _n._ a bulbous-rooted flower of a great variety of
colours: (_myth._) a flower which sprang from the blood of Hyacinthus, a
youth killed by Apollo with a quoit: a precious stone, the jacinth.--_adj._
HYACIN'THINE, consisting of or resembling hyacinth: very beautiful, like
Hyacinthus: curling like the hyacinth. [Doublet of _jacinth_.]
HYADES, h[=i]'a-d[=e]z, HYADS, h[=i]'adz, _n._ a cluster of five stars in
the constellation of the Bull, supposed by the ancients to bring rain when
they rose with the sun. [Gr. _hyades_, explained by the ancients as from
_hyein_, to rain; more prob.=little pigs, _hys_, a pig.]
HYÆNA, HYENA, h[=i]-[=e]'na, _n._ a bristly-maned quadruped of the dog
kind, so named from its likeness to the sow.--LAUGHING HYÆNA, the
tiger-wolf or spotted hyæna of South Africa, emitting at times a sound
somewhat like hysterical laughter. [L.,--Gr. _hyaina_--_hys_, a sow.]
HYALINE, h[=i]'a-lin, _adj._ glassy: consisting of or like glass.--_n._ a
glassy transparent surface.--_n._ HYALES'CENCE, the process of becoming
glassy.--_adj._ HYALES'CENT.--_ns._ HY'ALITE, a variety of opal like
colourless gum; HYAL[=I]T'IS, inflammation of the vitreous humour;
HYALOG'RAPHY, the art of engraving on glass.--_adj._ HY'ALOID, hyaline,
transparent. [Gr. _hyalinos_--_hyalos_, glass, prob. Egyptian.]
HYBERNATE, &c. See HIBERNATE, &c.
HYBLÆAN, hi-bl[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to ancient _Hybla_ in Sicily,
noted for its honey.
HYBRID, h[=i]'brid, or hib'-, _n._ an animal or plant produced from two
different species: a mongrel: a mule: a word formed of elements from
different languages.--_adjs._ HY'BRID, HYB'RIDOUS, produced from different
species: mongrel.--_adj._ HY'BRIDISABLE.--_n._ HYBRIDIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._
and _v.i._ HY'BRIDISE, to cause to interbreed, and to interbreed.---_ns._
HYBRIDIS'ER; HY'BRIDISM, HYBRID'ITY, state of being hybrid. [Fr.,--L.
_hibrida_, a mongrel.]
HYDATID, h[=i]'d[=a]-tid, _n._ a watery cyst or vesicle sometimes found in
animal bodies.--_n._ HY'DATISM, the sound caused by the fluctuation of pus
in an abscess.--_adj._ HYD'ATOID, watery, aqueous. [Gr. _hydatis_, a watery
vesicle--_hyd[=o]r_, _hydatos_, water.]
HYDRA, h[=i]'dra, _n._ (_myth._) a water-serpent with many heads, which
when cut off were succeeded by others: any manifold evil: a genus of
fresh-water polyps remarkable for their power of multiplication by being
cut or divided.--_adjs._ HY'DRA-HEAD'ED, difficulty to root out, springing
up vigorously again and again; HY'DROID, like the hydra. [L.,--Gr.
_hydra_--_hyd[=o]r_, water, akin to Sans. _udras_, an otter.]
HYDRAGOGUE, h[=i]'dra-g[=o]g, _n._ a very active purgative, such as jalap.
[Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _ag[=o]gos_, leading, _agein_, to lead.]
HYDRANGEA, h[=i]-dran'je-a, _n._ a genus of shrubby plants with large heads
of showy flowers, natives of China and Japan. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water,
_anggeion_, vessel.]
HYDRANT, h[=i]'drant, _n._ a machine for discharging water: a water-plug.
[Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water.]
HYDRATE, h[=i]'dr[=a]t, _n._ a compound formed by the union of water with
an oxide.--_n._ HYDR[=A]'TION. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water.]
HYDRAULIC, -AL, h[=i]-drawl'ik, -al, _adj._ relating to hydraulics:
conveying water: worked by water.--_adv._ HYDRAUL'ICALLY.--_n.pl._
HYDRAUL'ICS, used as _sing._, the science of hydrodynamics in its practical
application to water-pipes, &c.--HYDRAULIC BELT, an arrangement for lifting
water, consisting of an endless belt fitted with buckets which discharge as
they turn over an upper wheel; HYDRAULIC CEMENT, lime, a cement that sets
or hardens under water; HYDRAULIC JACK, a jack or lifting apparatus, by
means of oil, &c., pressed by a force-pump against a piston or plunger;
HYDRAULIC MINING, a method of mining by which the auriferous detritus is
washed down by a powerful jet of water into a sluice where the gold is
easily separated; HYDRAULIC PRESS, a press operated by the differential
pressure of water on pistons of different dimensions; HYDRAULIC RAM, an
automatic pump worked by the pressure of a column of water in a pipe, and
the force acquired by intermittent motion of the column. [From Gr.
_hyd[=o]r_, water, _aulos_, a pipe.]
HYDRIA, h[=i]'dri-a, _n._ a large Greek water-vase.--_n._ HY'DRIAD, a
water-nymph.
HYDRID, h[=i]'drid, _n._ (_chem._) a substance consisting of hydrogen
combined with an element or some compound radical.--_n._ HY'DRIODATE, a
salt of hydriodic acid.--_adj._ HYDRIOD'IC, produced by the combination of
hydrogen and iodine.
HYDROBAROMETER, h[=i]-dro-ba-rom'e-ter, _n._ an instrument for determining
the depth of the sea by the pressure of the superincumbent water.
HYDROBROMIC, h[=i]-dro-br[=o]'mik, _adj._ compounded of bromine and
hydrogen.--_n._ HYDROBR[=O]'MATE, a salt of hydrobromic acid--same as
_bromide_; also _Bromhydrate_.
HYDROCARBON, h[=i]-dro-kär'bon, _n._ a compound of hydrogen and
carbon.--HYDROCARBON FURNACE, a furnace in which liquid fuel, as petroleum,
is used.
HYDROCELE, h[=i]'dro-s[=e]l, _n._ (_med._) a swelling consisting of a
collection of serous fluid in the scrotum or in some of the coverings of
the testicle or spermatic cord. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _k[=e]l[=e]_, a
swelling.]
HYDROCEPHALUS, h[=i]-dro-sef'a-lus, _n._ an accumulation of serous fluid
within the cranial cavity, either in the sub-dural space or the ventricles:
water in the head: dropsy of the brain.--_adjs._ HYDROCEPHAL'IC,
HYDROCEPH'ALOID, HYDROCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _kephal[=e]_, the
head.]
HYDROCHLORIC, h[=i]-dro-kl[=o]'rik, _adj._ compounded of hydrogen and
chlorine.--_n._ HYDROCHL[=O]'RATE, a salt of hydrochloric acid.
HYDROCYANIC, h[=i]-dro-s[=i]-an'ik, _adj._ noting an acid formed by the
combination of hydrogen and cyanogen--also _Prussic acid_.--_ns._
HYDROCY'ANIDE, HYDROCY'ANITE.
HYDRODYNAMICS, h[=i]-dro-di-nam'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._, the science
that treats of the motions and equilibrium of a material system partly or
wholly fluid, called _Hydrostatics_ when the system is in equilibrium,
_Hydrokinetics_ when it is not.--_adjs._ HYDRODYNAM'IC, -AL.--_n._
HYDRODYNAMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the velocity of fluid in
motion by its pressure.--_adj._ HYDROELEC'TRIC, pertaining to electricity
generated by the escape of steam under high pressure.--_n._
HY'DRO-EXTRACT'OR, an apparatus for removing moisture from yarns, cloths,
&c., in process of manufacture. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, and _dynamics_.]
HYDROFLUORIC, h[=i]-dro-fl[=oo]-or'ik, _adj._ consisting of fluorine and
hydrogen.
HYDROGEN, h[=i]'dro-jen, _n._ a gas which in combination with oxygen
produces water, an elementary gaseous substance, the lightest of all known
substances, and very inflammable.--_adjs._ HY'DRIC, containing hydrogen;
HYDROG'ENOUS, containing hydrogen: produced by the action of water, as
applied to rocks in opposition to those that are _pyrogenous_, formed by
the action of fire. [A word coined by Cavendish (1766) from Gr. _hyd[=o]r_,
water, and _gen[=e]s_, producing.]
HYDROGRAPHY, h[=i]-drog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of measuring and describing the
size and position of waters or seas: the art of making sea-charts.--_n._
HYDROG'RAPHER, a maker of sea-charts.--_adjs._ HYDROGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._
HYDROGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _graphein_, to write.]
HYDROKINETICS, h[=i]-dro-ki-net'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._, a branch of
_Hydrodynamics_ (q.v.).
HYDROLOGY, h[=i]-drol'o-ji, _n._ the science which treats of
water.--_adjs._ HYDROLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ HYDROL'OGIST. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_,
water, _logia_, a discourse.]
HYDROLYSIS, h[=i]-drol'i-sis, _n._ a kind of chemical decomposition by
which a compound is resolved into other compounds by taking up the elements
of water.--_adj._ HYDROLYT'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _lysis_--_lyein_, to
loose.]
HYDROMANCY, h[=i]'dro-man-si, _n._ divination by water.--_adj._
HYDROMANT'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _manteia_, divination.]
HYDROMANIA, h[=i]-dro-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ an insatiable craving for water, as
in diabetes: a morbid propensity to suicide by drowning.
HYDROMECHANICS, h[=i]-dro-me-kan'iks, _n._ the mechanics of fluids.
HYDROMEL, h[=i]'dro-mel, _n._ a beverage made of honey and water. [Gr.
_hyd[=o]r_, water, _meli_, honey.]
HYDROMETAMORPHISM, h[=i]-dro-met-a-mor'fizm, _n._ a kind of metamorphism of
igneous rocks brought about by water, in opposition to _Pyrometamorphism_,
that brought about by means of heat.
HYDROMETEOROLOGY, h[=i]-dro-m[=e]-te-or-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of
meteorology which treats of water in the atmosphere, as rain, clouds, snow,
&c.--_n._ HYDROM[=E]'TEOR, any one of the aqueous phenomena of the
atmosphere. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _mete[=o]ron_, a meteor.]
HYDROMETER, h[=i]-drom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the
density or specific gravity of solids and liquids by flotation, consisting
of a weighted glass bulb or hollow metal cylinder with a long stem: a
current-gauge.--_adjs._ HYDROMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ HYDROM'ETRY. [Gr.
_hyd[=o]r_, water, _metron_, a measure.]
HYDROMOTOR, h[=i]-dro-m[=o]'tor, _n._ a form of motor for propelling
vessels by means of jets of water ejected from the sides or stern.
HYDROMYS, h[=i]'dro-mis, _n._ an Australasian genus of rodents, known as
water-rats and beaver-rats. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _mys_, mouse.]
HYDRONETTE, h[=i]'dro-net, _n._ a syringe: a garden force-pump.
HYDROPATHY, h[=i]-drop'a-thi, _n._ the treatment of disease by cold
water.--_adjs._ HYDROPATH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYDROPATH'ICALLY.--_n._
HYDROP'ATHIST, one who practises hydropathy.--HYDROPATHIC ESTABLISHMENT or
(_coll._) simply HYDROPATH'IC, a temperance hotel where the guests can have
hydropathic treatment if desired. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _pathos_,
suffering, _pathein_, to suffer.]
HYDROPHANE, h[=i]'dro-f[=a]n, _n._ a partly translucent variety of opal
which becomes transparent when wetted.--_adj._ HYDROPH'ANOUS. [Gr.
HYD[=O]R, water, _phainein_, to shine.]
HYDROPHIDÆ, h[=i]-drof'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of venomous sea-snakes.
[Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _ophis_, snake.]
HYDROPHOBIA, h[=i]-dro-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ an unnatural dread of water, a
symptom of a disease known as Rabies, usually resulting from the bite of a
mad dog--hence the disease itself.--_adj._ HYDROPHOB'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_,
water, _phobos_, fear.]
HYDROPHONE, h[=i]'dro-f[=o]n, _n._ a marine electric apparatus for
detecting the approach of a torpedo-boat, &c.
HYDROPHORE, h[=i]'dro-f[=o]r, _n._ an apparatus for obtaining specimens of
water from any required depth.
HYDROPHTHALMIA, h[=i]-drof-thal'mi-a, _n._ an increase in quantity of the
aqueous or the vitreous humour.
HYDROPHYTE, h[=i]'dro-f[=i]t, _n._ a plant living in water.--_n._
HYDROPHYTOG'RAPHY, the branch of botany which describes such--also
HYDROPHYTOL'OGY. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _phyton_, a plant, _logia_,
discourse.]
HYDROPSY, h[=i]'drop-si, _n._ dropsy.--_adjs._ HYDROP'IC, HYDROP'TIC,
dropsical: thirsty.
HYDROPULT, h[=i]'dro-pult, _n._ a hand force-pump.
HYDROSAURUS, h[=i]-dro-saw'rus, _n._ a genus of monitor-lizards, of aquatic
habit, found in the Malay Peninsula, &c. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _sauros_,
a lizard.]
HYDROSCOPE, h[=i]'dro-sk[=o]p, _n._ a kind of water-clock, consisting of a
cylindrical graduated tube, from which the water escaped through a hole in
the bottom. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _skopein_, to view.]
HYDROSOMA, h[=i]-dro-s[=o]'ma, _n._ the entire organism of any
hydrozoon:--_pl._ HYDROS[=O]'MATA.--_adjs._ HYDROS[=O]'MAL,
HYDROS[=O]'MATOUS.
HYDROSTATICS, h[=i]-dro-stat'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._, a branch of
HYDRODYNAMICS (which see).--_n._ HY'DROSTAT, an electrical contrivance for
detecting a leakage or overflow of water: an apparatus devised to guard
against the explosion of steam boilers.--_adjs._ HYDROSTAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._
HYDROSTAT'ICALLY.--HYDROSTATIC BALANCE, a balance for weighing bodies in
water to determine their specific gravity; HYDROSTATIC BELLOWS, a device
for illustrating the law that fluid pressure is proportional to area;
HYDROSTATIC PARADOX, the principle that (disregarding molecular forces) any
quantity of fluid, however small, may balance any weight, however great, as
in the hydrostatic bellows; HYDROSTATIC PRESS, the same as Hydraulic Press.
HYDROSULPHURIC, h[=i]-dro-sul-f[=u]'rik, _adj._ formed by a combination of
hydrogen and sulphur.
HYDROTELLURIC, h[=i]-dro-tel-l[=u]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to hydrogen and
tellurium.
HYDRO-THERAPEUTICS, h[=i]-dro-ther-a-p[=u]'tiks, _n.pl._ remedial treatment
of disease by water in various modes and forms--also HYDROTHER'APY.--_adj._
HYDROTHERAPEU'TIC.
HYDROTHERMAL, h[=i]-dro-ther'mal, _adj._ pertaining to, or produced by,
action of heated or super-heated water, esp. in dissolving, transporting,
and redepositing mineral matter.
HYDROTHORAX, h[=i]-dro-th[=o]'raks, _n._ a term applied to dropsical
collections in the pleura. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _th[=o]rax_, chest.]
HYDROTROPISM, h[=i]-dro-trop'izm, _n._ the habit induced in a growing organ
by the influence of moisture, of turning toward, or away from, the
moisture.--_adj._ HYDROTROP'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _tropos_, a turn.]
HYDROUS, h[=i]'drus, _adj._ watery, containing hydrogen.
HYDROXIDE, h[=i]-droks'[=i]d, _n._ a metallic or basic radical combined
with one or more hydroxyl groups.--_n._ HYDROX'YL, a compound radical not
yet isolated, but found in many chemical compounds.
HYDROZOA, h[=i]-dro-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ (_sing._ HYDROZ[=O]'ON) one of the
main divisions of the sub-kingdom _Coelenterata_, the other two being
_Ctenophora_ and _Anthozoa_ or _Actinozoa_; they are chiefly marine
organisms, soft and gelatinous, free or fixed, existing everywhere,
endlessly varied in form and complexity of structure, including such great
groups as _hydroids_, _acalephs_, _medusans_, jelly-fish, sea-blubbers,
&c.--_adjs._ HYDROZ[=O]'AN, HYDROZ[=O]'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water,
_z[=o]on_, an animal.]
HYDRURET. Same as HYDRID.
HYENA, h[=i]-[=e]'na, HYEN, h[=i]'en, _n._ (_Shak._) a hyæna.
HYETAL, h[=i]'e-tal, _adj._ rainy.--_n._ HY'ETOGRAPH, a chart showing the
average rainfall of the earth or any of its divisions.--_adjs._
HYETOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HYETOG'RAPHY; HYETOL'OGY; HYETOM'ETER;
HYETOMET'ROGRAPH. [Gr. _hyetos_, rain.]
HYGEIAN, h[=i]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ relating to health and its
preservation.--_ns._ HYGEIA (h[=i]-j[=e]'a), goddess of health, daughter of
Æsculapius; HY'GI[=E]NE, HYGIEN'ICS, HY'GIENISM, the science which treats
of the preservation of health.--_adj._ HYGIEN'IC.--_adv._
HYGIEN'ICALLY.--_n._ HY'GIENIST, one skilled in hygiene; HYGIOL'OGY, art of
the preservation of health. [Gr. _hygieia_--_hygi[=e]s_, healthy.]
HYGRODEIK, h[=i]'gro-d[=i]k, _n._ a form of hygrometer in which the
atmospheric humidity is indicated by an index controlled by the heights of
a wet-bulb and a dry-bulb thermometer, supported on each side of a frame on
which is described a scale. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _deik-nynai_, to show.]
HYGROMETER, h[=i]-grom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the
moisture in the atmosphere, or its relative humidity.--_n._ HYGROM'ETRY,
the art of measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, and of bodies
generally.--_adjs._ HYGROMET'RIC, -AL. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _metron_, a
measure.]
HYGROSCOPE, h[=i]'gro-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for indicating the
humidity of the atmosphere.--_adjs._ HYGROSCOP'IC, -AL.--_ns._
HYGROSCOPIC'ITY; HYGROSTAT'ICS, the art of measuring degrees of moisture.
[Gr. _hygros_, wet, _skopein_, to view.]
HYKSOS, hik'sos, _n._ the shepherd kings, apparently a Tartar race who
overthrew the reigning dynasty of Lower Egypt about 2000 B.C., and reigned
until overturned by the Egyptian rulers of Upper Egypt about 1700 B.C.
HYLEG, h[=i]'leg, _n._ the planet which rules at the hour of one's birth,
in that sign of the zodiac immediately above the eastern horizon. [Ar.]
HYLISM, h[=i]'lizm, _n._ materialism--also HY'LICISM.--_ns._ HY'LICIST;
HYLOGEN'ESIS, the origin of matter; HY'LOTHEISM, the doctrine that there is
no God but matter and the universe.--_adjs._ HYLOZ[=O]'ICAL,
HYLOZOIS'TIC.--_ns._ HYLOZ[=O]'ISM, the doctrine that all matter is endowed
with life; HYLOZ[=O]'IST.
HYLOPATHISM, h[=i]-lop'a-thizm, _n._ the doctrine that matter is
sentient.--_n._ HYLOP'ATHIST, one who maintains this. [Gr. _hyl[=e]_,
matter, _pathos_, suffering.]
HYMEN, h[=i]'men, _n._ (_myth._) the god of marriage: marriage: a thin
membrane partially closing the virginal vagina.--_adjs._ HYMEN[=E]'AL,
HYMEN[=E]'AN.--_n._ HYM[=E]'NIUM, the fructifying surface in fungi.
[L.,--Gr. _hym[=e]n_; cf. Gr. _hymnos_, a festive song.]
HYMENOPTERAL, h[=i]-men-op't[.e]r-al, _adj._ pertaining to the
HYMENOP'TERA, an order of insects having four membranous wings.--Also
HYMENOP'TEROUS. [Gr. _hym[=e]n_, a membrane, _pteron_, a wing.]
HYMENOTOMY, h[=i]-men-ot'o-mi, _n._ the cutting or dissection of membranes.
HYMN, him, _n._ a song of praise, a metrical formula of public
worship.--_v.t._ to celebrate in song: to worship by hymns.--_v.i._ to sing
in adoration.--_ns._ HYM'NAL, HYM'NARY, a hymn-book.--_adj._ HYM'NIC,
relating to hymns.--_ns._ HYM'NODY, hymns collectively: hymnology;
HYMNOG'RAPHER; HYMNOG'RAPHY, the art of writing hymns; HYMNOL'OGIST;
HYMNOL'OGY, the study or composition of hymns. [Gr. _hymnos_.]
HYOID, h[=i]'oid, _adj._ having the form of the Greek letter upsilon
([Greek: u]), applied to a bone at the base of the tongue. [Gr.
_hyoeid[=e]s_--the letter [Greek: u], and _eidos_, form.]
HYOSCYAMINE, h[=i]-[=o]-sk[=i]'a-m[=i]n, _n._ a very poisonous alkaloid
found in the seeds of _Hyoscyamus niger_, or henbane. [Gr. _hyoskyamos_,
henbane.]
HYP. See HIP (3).
HYPÆTHRAL, hip-[=e]'thral, _adj._ roofless, open to the sky.--_n._
HYPÆ'THRON, an open court. [Gr. _hypo_, beneath, _aith[=e]r_, air.]
HYPALGESIA, hip-al-j[=e]'si-a, _n._ diminished susceptibility to painful
impressions--also HYPERAL'GIA.--_adj._ HYPERALG[=E]'SIC. [Gr. _hypo_,
under, _algos_, pain.]
HYPALLAGE, hi-pal'a-j[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) a figure in which the relations
of things in a sentence are mutually interchanged, but without obscuring
the sense. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _hypallassein_, to interchange--_hypo_, under,
_alassein_, to change.]
HYPERACUTE, h[=i]-per-a-k[=u]t', _adj._ excessively acute.--_n._
HYPERACUTE'NESS.
HYPERÆSTHESIA, h[=i]-per-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ (_path._) excessive
sensibility.--_adj._ HYPERÆSTHET'IC.
HYPERBATON, h[=i]-per'ba-ton, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which words are
transposed from their natural order.--_adj._ HYPERBAT'IC.--_adv._
HYPERBAT'ICALLY. [Gr.,--_hyperbainein_--_hyper_, beyond, _bainein_, to go.]
HYPERBOLA, h[=i]-per'bo-la, _n._ (_geom._) one of the conic sections or
curves formed when the intersecting plane makes a greater angle with the
base than the side of the cone makes.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IC, -AL.--_adv._
HYPERBOL'ICALLY.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IFORM; HYPER'BOLOID. [L.,--Gr.
_hyperbol[=e]_, from _hyperballein_--_hyper_, beyond, _ballein_, to throw.]
HYPERBOLE, h[=i]-per'bo-le, _n._ a rhetorical figure which produces a vivid
impression by representing things as much greater or less than they really
are--not expecting to be taken literally: an obvious exaggeration.--_adjs._
HYPERBOL'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPERBOL'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPER'BOLISE, to
represent hyperbolically.--_v.i._ to speak hyperbolically or with
exaggeration.--_n._ HYPER'BOLISM. [A doublet of the above.]
HYPERBOREAN, h[=i]-per-b[=o]'r[=e]-an, _adj._ belonging to the extreme
north.--_n._ an inhabitant of the extreme north. [Gr.
_hyperboreos_--_hyper_, beyond, _Boreas_, the north wind.]
HYPERCATALECTIC, h[=i]-per-kat-a-lek'tik, _adj._ (_pros._) having an
additional syllable or half-foot after the last complete dipody.--_n._
HYPERCATALEX'IS.
HYPERCRITIC, h[=i]-per-krit'ik, _n._ one who is over-critical.--_adjs._
HYPERCRIT'IC, -AL, over-critical.--_adv._ HYPERCRIT'ICALLY.--_v.t._
HYPERCRIT'ICISE, to criticise with too much nicety.--_n._ HYPERCRIT'ICISM.
HYPERDULIA, h[=i]-per-d[=u]-l[=i]'a, _n._ the special kind of worship paid
by Roman Catholics to the Virgin Mary, being higher than that paid to other
saints (_dulia_), and distinct from that paid to God alone (_latria_). [Gr.
_hyper_, beyond, _douleia_, service.]
HYPEREMESIS, h[=i]-per-em'e-sis, _n._ excessive vomiting.--_adj._
HYPEREMET'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _emesis_, vomiting.]
HYPEREMIA, HYPERÆMIA, h[=i]-per-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ an excessive accumulation
of blood in any part of the body.--_adjs._ HYPEREM'IC, HYPERÆ'MIC. [Gr.
_hyper_, over, _haima_, blood.]
HYPERESTHETIC, h[=i]-per-es-thet'ik, _adj._ morbidly sensitive.--Also
HYPERESTH[=E]'SIC.
HYPERICUM, h[=i]-per'i-kum, _n._ a large genus of plants, of which St
John's wort is a typical species. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _ereik[=e]_, heath.]
HYPERINOSIS, h[=i]-per-i-n[=o]'sis, _n._ excess of fibrin in the
blood:--_opp._ to HYPINOSIS.--_adj._ HYPERINOT'IC.
HYPERION, h[=i]-p[=e]r'i-on, _n._ a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father
of Helios, Selene, and Eos: Helios himself, the incarnation of light and
beauty.
HYPERMETRICAL, h[=i]-per-met'rik-al, _adj._ beyond or exceeding the
ordinary metre of a line: having a syllable too much.--_n._ HYPER'METER.
HYPERMETROPIA, h[=i]-per-me-tr[=o]'pi-a, _n._ long-sightedness, the
opposite of _Myopia_---also HYPEROP'IA.--_adj._ HYPERMETROP'IC. [Gr.
_hyper_, beyond, _metron_, measure, _[=o]ps_, eye.]
HYPERORTHODOX, h[=i]-per-or'th[=o]-doks, _adj._ extremely orthodox--_n._
HYPEROR'THODOXY.
HYPERPHASIA, h[=i]-per-f[=a]'zi-a, _n._ (_path._) lack of control of the
organs of speech.--_adj._ HYPERPH[=A]'SIC.
HYPERPHYSICAL, h[=i]-per-fiz'ik-al, _adj._ beyond physical laws:
supernatural.
HYPERPLASIA, h[=i]-per-pl[=a]'si-a, _n._ (_path._) overgrowth of a part due
to excessive multiplication of its cells.--_adjs._ HYPERPLAS'IC,
HYPERPLAS'TIC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _plasis_, a forming--_plassein_, to
form.]
HYPERSARCOSIS, h[=i]-per-sar-k[=o]'sis, _n._ (_path._) proud or fungous
flesh.--Also HYPERSARC[=O]'MA.
HYPERSENSITIVE, h[=i]-per-sen'si-tiv, _adj._ excessively sensitive.--_n._
HYPERSEN'SITIVENESS.
HYPERSTHENE, h[=i]-per-sth[=e]n', _n._ a rock-forming mineral which
crystallises in orthorhombic forms, an anhydrous magnesian silicate,
generally dark green or raven-black in colour.--_adj._
HYPERSTH[=E]'NIC.--_n._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NITE, a more or less coarsely
crystalline igneous rock, allied to gabbro--an aggregate of labradorite
(feldspar) and hypersthene, of plutonic origin. [Gr. _hyper_; above,
_sthenos_, strength.]
HYPERSTHENIA, h[=i]-per-sth[=e]'ni-a, _n._ (_path._) a morbid condition
marked by excessive excitement of all the vital phenomena.--_adj._
HYPERSTH[=E]'NIC. [Gr. _hyper_, above, _sthenos_, strength.]
HYPERTHESIS, h[=i]-per'the-sis, _n._ a transfer of a letter from its own to
the syllable immediately before or after.--_adj._ HYPERTHET'IC. [Gr.
_hyper_, over, _thesis_--_tithenai_, to put.]
HYPERTROPHY, h[=i]-per'tro-fi, _n._ over-nourishment: the state of an organ
or part of the body when it grows too large from over-nourishment.--_adjs._
HYPERTROPH'IC, -AL, HYPER'TROPHIED, HYPER'TROPHOUS. [Gr. _hyper_, above,
_troph[=e]_, nourishment.]
HYPHEN, h[=i]'fen, _n._ a short stroke (-) joining two syllables or
words.--_adj._ HYPHEN'IC. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _hen_, one.]
HYPNOTISM, hip'no-tizm, _n._ a sleep-like condition induced by artificial
means: a nervous sleep like the condition under mesmerism.--_n._
HYPNOGEN'ESIS, production of hypnotism--also HYPNOG'ENY.--_adj._
HYPNOGENET'IC.--_adv._ HYPNOGENET'ICALLY.--_adjs._ HYPNOGEN'IC, HYPNOT'IC,
having the property of producing sleep; HYPNOG'ENOUS.--_ns._ HYPNOL'OGY,
the sum of knowledge about sleep; HYPN[=O]'SIS, the production of sleep:
the hypnotic state; HYPNOT'IC, a medicine that induces sleep;
HYPNOTISABIL'ITY.--_adj._ HYP'NOTISABLE.--_n._ HYPNOTIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._
HYP'NOT[=I]SE, to subject to hypnotism, to produce hypnotic sleep in any
one.--_n._ HYP'NOT[=I]SER.--_adjs._ HYPNOTIS'TIC; HYP'NOTOID, like
hypnotism. [Coined in 1843 from Gr. _hypnos_, sleep.]
HYPNUM, hip'num, _n._ the largest genus of mosses, order _Bryineæ_, having
archegonia and capsules borne on special lateral branches.
HYPOBOLE, hip-pob'o-l[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) the mention in argument of things
apparently damaging to one's side, with the successive refutation of each.
[Gr.]
HYPOCAUST, hip'o-kawst, _n._ among the ancients, a vaulted chamber from
which the heat of stoves was distributed to baths or rooms above: now
applied to the fireplace of a stove or hothouse. [Gr.
_hypokauston_--_hypo_, under, _kaiein_, to burn.]
HYPOCHONDRIA, hip-o-kon'dri-a, _n._ a nervous malady, often arising from
indigestion, and tormenting the patient with imaginary fears--more
correctly, HYPOCHONDR[=I]'ASIS--also HYPOCHONR[=I]'ACISM,
HYPOCHONDR[=I]'ASIS, HYPOCHON'DRIASM.--_n._ HYPOCHON'DRIAC, one suffering
from hypochondria--also HYPOCHON'DRIAST.--_adjs._ HYPOCHON'DRIAC, -AL,
relating to or affected with hypochondria: melancholy.--_n._ HYPOCHON'DRIUM
(_anat._), that region of the abdomen situated on either side, under the
costal cartilages and short ribs. [L.,--Gr., from _hypo_, under,
_chrondos_, a cartilage.]
HYPOCIST, h[=i]'po-sist, _n._ an inspissated juice from a parasitic plant
of the cytinus family.
HYPOCRISY, hi-pok'ri-si, _n._ a feigning to be what one is not: concealment
of true character. [Gr. _hypokrisis_--_hypokrinesthai_, to play on the
stage, from _hypo_, under, _krinein_, to decide.]
HYPOCRITE, hip'o-krit, _n._ one who practises hypocrisy.--_adj._
HYPOCRIT'ICAL, practising hypocrisy.--_adv._ HYPOCRIT'ICALLY.
[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _hypokrit[=e]s_.]
HYPOCYCLOID, h[=i]-po-s[=i]'kloid, _n._ a curve generated by a point on the
circumference of a circle which rolls on the inside of another
circle.--_adj._ HYPOCYOLOID'AL.
HYPODERMIC, h[=i]-po-der'mik, _adj._ relating to the parts under the skin,
subcutaneous, esp. of a method of injecting a drug in solution under the
skin by means of a fine hollow needle to which a small syringe is
attached--also HYPODER'MAL.--_n._ HYPODER'MA, the layer of colourless cells
immediately beneath the epidermis of a leaf. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _derma_,
the skin.]
HYPOGASTRIC, hip-o-gas'trik, _adj._ belonging to the lower part of the
abdomen.--_ns._ HYPOGAS'TRIUM, the lower part of the belly;
HYPOGAS'TROCELE, a hernia through the walls of the lower belly. [Gr.
_hypo_, under, _gast[=e]r_, the belly.]
HYPOGENE, h[=i]'po-j[=e]n, _adj._ (_geol._) of or pertaining to rocks which
have assumed their present structure under the surface, plutonic:--opp. to
_Epigene_.--_adj._ HYPOG'ENOUS (_bot._), produced below the surface, of
fungi growing on the under side of leaves:--opp. to _Epigenous_ and
_Epiphyllous_. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gen[=e]s_, produced.]
HYPOGEUM, h[=i]-po-j[=e]'um, _n._ the part of a building below the ground,
any underground chamber.--_adjs._ HYPOG[=E]'AL, HYPOGÆ'AN, HYPOG[=E]'AN,
subterranean. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _g[=e]_, the ground.]
HYPOGLOSSAL, h[=i]-po-glos'al, _adj._ situated under the tongue. [Gr.
_hypo_, under, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.]
HYPOGNATHOUS, h[=i]-pog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ (_ornith._) having the under
mandible longer than the upper, as the black skimmer.--_n._ HYPOG'NATHISM.
HYPOGYNOUS, h[=i]-poj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) growing from beneath the
ovary, said of certain parts of plants. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gyn[=e]_, a
woman.]
HYPONASTY, h[=i]'po-nas-ti, _n._ (_bot._) increased growth along the lower
surface of an organ or part of a plant, causing the part to bend
upward:--opp. to _Epinasty_.
HYPOPHOSPHITE, h[=i]-po-fos'f[=i]t, _n._ (_chem._) a salt obtained by the
union of hypophosphorous acid with a salifiable base--also
HYPOPHOS'PHATE.--_adjs._ HYPOPHOSPHOR'IC, HYPOPHOS'PHOROUS, containing less
oxygen than phosphorous acid contains.
HYPOPHYSIS, h[=i]-pof'i-sis, _n._ the pituitary body of the brain: (_bot._)
an inflated part of the pedicel under the capsule, in mosses; in flowering
plants, a cell of the embryo producing the primary root and root-cap. [Gr.
_hypo_, under, _phyein_, to grow.]
HYPOSTASIS, h[=i]-pos'ta-sis, _n._ a substance: the essence or real
personal subsistence or substance of each of the three divisions of the
Godhead.--_adjs._ HYPOSTAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPOSTAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._
HYPOS'TAT[=I]SE. [L.,--Gr. _hypostasis_--_hyphist[=e]mi_--_hypo_, under,
_hist[=e]mi_, I make to stand.]
HYPOSTROPHE, h[=i]-pos'tro-fe, _n._ return of a disease, relapse: (_rhet._)
use of insertion or parenthesis.
HYPOSTYLE, h[=i]'po-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) having the roof supported
by pillars. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _stylos_, a pillar.]
HYPOSULPHUROUS, h[=i]-po-sul'fer-us, _adj._ next in a series below
sulphurous.--Also HYPOSULPH[=U]'RIC.
HYPOTAXIS, h[=i]-po-tak'sis, _n._ (_gram._) dependent construction--opp. to
_Parataxis_.--_adj._ HYPOTAC'TIC.
HYPOTENUSE, h[=i]-pot'en-[=u]s, or hip-, HYPOTHENUSE, h[=i]-poth'en-[=u]s,
_n._ the side of a right-angled triangle opposite to the right angle.
[Fr.,--Gr. _hypoteinousa_ (_gramm[=e]_), lit. (a line) 'which stretches
under'--_hypo_, under, _teinein_, to stretch.]
HYPOTHEC, h[=i]-poth'ek, _n._ in Scotch law, a lien or security over goods
in respect of a debt due by the owner of the goods.--ADJ. _Hypoth'ecary_,
pertaining to hypothecation or mortgage.--_v.t._ HYPOTH'EC[=A]TE, to place
or assign anything as security under an arrangement: to mortgage.--_ns._
HYPOTHEC[=A]'TION; HYPOTH'ECATOR. [Fr.,--L. _hypotheca_--Gr.
_hypoth[=e]k[=e]_, a pledge.]
HYPOTHESIS, h[=i]-poth'e-sis, _n._ a supposition: a proposition assumed for
the sake of argument: a theory to be proved or disproved by reference to
facts: a provisional explanation of anything.--_v.i._ HYPOTH'ESIZE, to form
hypotheses.--_adjs._ HYPOTHET'IC, -AL, belonging to a hypothesis:
conditional.--_adv._ HYPOTHET'ICALLY. [Gr., _hypo_, under, _tithenai_, to
place.]
HYPOTYPOSIS, h[=i]-po-ti-p[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) vivid description of a
scene.
HYPOZOIC, h[=i]-po-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ (_geol._) below the limit of life:
belonging to the HYPOZ[=O]'A.--_adj._ and _n._ HYPOZ[=O]'AN.
HYPSOMETRY, hip-som'e-tri, _n._ the art of measuring the heights of places
on the earth's surface by means of the HYPSOM'ETER.--_adj._ HYPSOMET'RIC.
[Gr. _hypsi_, on high, _metron_, a measure.]
HYPURAL, h[=i]-p[=u]'ral, _adj._ situated beneath the tail.
HYRAX, h[=i]'raks, _n._ a genus of mammals of obscure affinities, like
rabbits in size and marmots in appearance, living among rocks in Africa and
Syria--the _Cape Daman_, _Klippdass_, or _Rock-badger_; the _Shaphan_
(_Hyrax syriacus_) mistranslated 'cony' of Scripture; and the Abyssinian
_Ashtok_.
HYSON, h[=i]'son, _n._ a very fine sort of green tea.--_n._ HY'SON-SKIN,
the refuse of hyson tea. [Chinese.]
HYSSOP, his'up, _n._ an aromatic plant. [Fr.,--L. _hyssopum_--Gr.
_hyss[=o]pos_--Heb. _[=e]z[=o]ph_.]
HYSTERANTHOUS, his-ter-an'thus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the leaves appearing
after the flowers.
HYSTERESIS, his-te-r[=e]'sis, _n._ magnetic friction in dynamos, by which
every reversal of magnetism in the iron causes dissipation of energy. [Gr.
_hyster[=e]sis_, a deficiency--_hysteros_, later.]
HYSTERIC, -AL, his-ter'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, of the nature of, or
affected with hysterics or hysteria: like hysterics, fitfully and violently
emotional.--_adv._ HYSTER'ICALLY.--_ns._ HYSTER'ICS, HYST[=E]R'IA, a
nervous affection occurring typically in paroxysms of laughing and crying
alternately, with a choking sensation in the throat, but often as a
counterfeit of some organic disease.--_adjs._ HYS'TEROID, -AL, like
hysteria.--_ns._ HYSTEROM[=A]N'IA, hysterical mania, often marked by erotic
delusions and an excessive desire to attract attention; HYSTEROT'OMY, the
operation of cutting into the uterus. [L. _hystericus_--Gr.
_hysterikos_--_hystera_, the womb.]
HYSTERON-PROTERON, his'ter-on-prot'er-on, _n._ a figure of speech in which
what should follow comes first: an inversion. [Gr., lit. 'the last first.']
HYTHE, h[=i]th, _n._ Same as HITHE.
* * * * *
I the ninth letter in the alphabet of western Europe, called _iota_ by the
Greeks, from its Semitic name _yod_, in most European languages the sound
that of the Latin long _i_, which we have in the words _machine_ and
_marine._ The normal sound of _i_ in English is that heard in _bit_, _dip_,
_sit_, which is the short Latin _i_.
I, [=i], _pron._ the nominative case singular of the first personal
pronoun: the word used by a speaker or writer in mentioning himself: the
object of self-consciousness, the ego. [M. E. _ich_--A.S. _ic_; Ger. _ich_,
Ice. _ek_, L. _ego_, Gr. _eg[=o]_, Sans. _aham_.]
I, [=i], _adv._ same as AY.--I', a form of _in_.
IAMBUS, [=i]-am'bus, _n._ a metrical foot of two syllables, the first short
and the second long, as in L. _f[)i]d[=e]s_; or the first unaccented and
the second accented, as in _deduce_--also IAMB'.--_adj._ IAM'BIC,
consisting of iambics.--_n._ iambus.--_adv._ IAM'BICALLY, in the manner of
an iambic.--_v.i._ IAM'BISE, to satirise in iambic verse.--_n._
IAMBOG'RAPHER, a writer of iambics. [L.,--Gr. _iambos_, from _iaptein_, to
assail, this metre being first used by writers of satire.]
IANTHINA, [=i]-an-th[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of gregarious, pelagic
gasteropods, having a snail-like shell, but delicate, translucent, and blue
in colour. [Gr. _ianthinos_--_ion_, a violet, _anthos_, a flower.]
IATRIC, -AL, [=i]-at'rik, -al, _adj._ relating to medicine or
physicians.--_adj._ IATROCHEM'ICAL, pertaining to IATROCHEM'ISTRY, a system
of applying chemistry to medicine introduced by Francis de la Boë of Leyden
(1614-72).--_n._ IATROL'OGY, a treatise on medicine.
IBERIAN, [=i]-b[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ Spanish.--_n._ one of the primitive
inhabitants of Spain, of whom some think the Basques a remnant. [L.
_Iberia_, Spain.]
IBEX, [=i]'beks, _n._ a genus of goats, inhabiting the Alps and other
mountainous regions. [L.]