GURGLE, gur'gl, _v.i._ to flow in an irregular noisy current: to make a
bubbling sound. [Through an It. _gorgogliare_, from _gorgo_--L. _gurges_.]
GURGOYLE. Same as GARGOYLE.
GURLY, gur'li, _adj._ (_obs._) fierce, stormy.
GURNARD, gur'nard, _n._ a genus of fishes having the body rounded,
tapering, and covered with small scales, an angular head, the eyes near the
summit, and the teeth small and very numerous--(_obs._) GUR'NET. [From O.
Fr. _grongnard_--_grogner_, to grunt--L. _grunn[=i]re_, to grunt.]
GURRAH, gur'a, _n._ a coarse Indian muslin.
GURRY, gur'i, _n._ fish-offal.
GURU, g[=oo]'r[=oo], _n._ a spiritual teacher, any venerable person.--Also
GOO'ROO. [Hind.--Sans.]
GUSH, gush, _v.i._ to flow out with violence or copiously: to be effusive,
or highly sentimental.--_n._ that which flows out: a violent issue of a
fluid.--_n._ GUSH'ER, an oil-well not needing to be pumped.--_adj._
GUSH'ING, rushing forth with violence, as a liquid: flowing copiously:
effusive.--_adv._ GUSH'INGLY.--_adj._ GUSH'Y, effusively sentimental.
[Scand.; Ice. _gusa_, _gjósa_; Dut. _gudsen_. See GEYSER.]
GUSSET, gus'et, _n._ the piece of cloth in a shirt which covers the armpit:
an angular piece of cloth inserted in a garment to strengthen some part of
it.--_v.t._ to make with a gusset: to insert a gusset into. [O. Fr.
_gousset_--_gousse_--It. _guscio_, a pod, husk.]
GUST, gust, _n._ a sudden blast of wind: a violent burst of
passion.--_adjs._ GUST'FUL, GUST'Y, stormy: irritable.--_n._ GUST'INESS.
[Ice. _gustr_, blast.]
GUST, gust, _n._ sense of pleasure of tasting: relish: gratification.--_n._
GUST[=A]'TION, the act of tasting: the sense of taste.--_adjs._
GUST'[=A]TIVE, GUS'T[=A]TORY, of or pertaining to gustation.--_n._ GUST'O,
taste: zest. [L. _gustus_, taste; cf. Gr. _geuein_, to make to taste.]
GUT, gut, _n._ the alimentary canal: intestines prepared for
violin-strings, &c. (gut for angling, see SILKWORM-GUT): (_pl._) the
bowels.--_v.t._ to take out the bowels of: to plunder:--_pr.p._ gut'ting;
_pa.p._ gut'ted.--_n._ GUT'-SCRAP'ER, a fiddler.--_v.t._ and _v.i._
GUT'TLE, to eat greedily. [A.S. _gut_, _geótan_, to pour; prov. Eng. _gut_,
Ger. _gosse_, a drain.]
GUTTA, gut'a, _n._ a drop: one of the small drop-like ornaments on the
under side of the mutules and regulæ of the Doric entablature: a small
round colour-spot:--_pl._ GUTT'Æ.--_adjs._ GUTT'ATE, -D, containing drops:
spotted. [L.]
GUTTA-PERCHA, gut'a-p[.e]rch'a, _n._ the solidified juice of various trees
in the Malayan Islands. [Malay _gatah_, _guttah_, gum, _percha_, the tree
producing it.]
GUTTER, gut'[.e]r, _n._ a channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away
water: a channel for water: (_print._) one of a number of pieces of wood or
metal, grooved in the centre, used to separate the pages of type in a form:
(_pl._) mud, dirt (_Scot._).--_v.t._ to cut or form into small
hollows.--_v.i._ to become hollowed: to run down in drops, as a
candle.--_ns._ GUTT'ER-BLOOD, a low-born person; GUTT'ER-SNIPE, a neglected
child, a street Arab.--_adj._ GUTTIF'EROUS, exuding gum or resin. [O. Fr.
_goutiere_--_goute_--L. _gutta_, a drop.]
GUTTURAL, gut'ur-al, _adj._ pertaining to the throat: formed in the throat:
harsh or rasping in sound.--_n._ (_gram._) a letter pronounced in the
throat or the back part of the mouth (_k_, _c_ hard, _q_, _g_,
_ng_).--_v.t._ GUTT'URALISE, GUTT'URISE, to form (a sound) in the
throat.--_adv._ GUTT'URALLY.--_n._ GUTT'URALNESS. [Fr.,--L. _guttur_, the
throat.]
GUY, g[=i], _n._ (_naut._) a rope to steady any suspended weight.--_v.t._
to keep in position by a guy. [Sp. _guia_, a guide.]
GUY, g[=i], _n._ an effigy of _Guy_ Fawkes, dressed up grotesquely on the
anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot (5th Nov.): an odd figure.
GUZZLE, guz'l, _v.i._ to eat and drink with haste and greediness.--_v.t._
to swallow with exceeding relish.--_n._ GUZZ'LER. [O. Fr. (_des-_)
_gouziller_, to swallow down; _gosier_, the throat.]
GWINIAD, gwin'i-ad, _n._ a fresh-water fish of about 10 or 12 inches in
length, found in some of the lakes of Wales and Cumberland--the
_Fresh-water Herring_. [W.,--_gwyn_, white.]
GYGIS, j[=i]'jis, _n._ a genus of small terns, white, with black bill,
long-pointed wings, and a slightly forked tail. [Gr. _gyg[=e]s_, a
water-bird.]
GYMKHANA, jim-kä'na, _n._ a place of public resort for athletic games, &c.,
also a meeting for such sports. [A factitious word, according to
Yule-Burnell, prob. based on _gend-kh[=a]na_ ('ball-house'), the usual
Hind. name for an English racket-court.]
GYMNASIUM, jim-n[=a]'zi-um, _n._ a school for gymnastics: a school for the
higher branches of literature and science: (_orig._) a public place or
building where the Greek youths exercised themselves, with running and
wrestling grounds, baths, and halls for conversation:--_pl._
GYMN[=A]'SIA.--_adj._ GYMN[=A]'SIAL.--_n._ GYMN[=A]'SIAST.--_adj._
GYMN[=A]'SIC.--_n._ GYM'NAST, one who teaches or practises
gymnastics.--_adjs._ GYMNAS'TIC, -AL, pertaining to athletic exercises:
athletic, vigorous.--_adv._ GYMNAS'TICALLY.--_n.pl._ used as _sing_.
GYMNAS'TICS, athletic exercises, devised to strengthen the muscles and
bones, esp. those of the upper half of the body: the art of performing
athletic exercises.--_adj._ GYM'NIC (_Milt._). [L.,--Gr.
_gymnasion_--_gymnazein_, _gymnos_, naked.]
GYMNOCARPOUS, jim-no-kär'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the fruit naked, or
not invested with a receptacle. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _karpos_, fruit.]
GYMNOCITTA, jim-no-sit'a, _n._ a genus of crow-like American jays with
naked nostrils. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _kitta_, _kissa_, a jay.]
GYMNOCLADUS, jim-nok'lad-us, _n._ a genus of North American trees, the pods
slightly aperient. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _klados_, a branch.]
GYMNOGYNOUS, jim-noj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having a naked ovary. [Gr.
_gymnos_, naked, _gyn[=e]_, female.]
GYMNORHINAL, jim-n[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nostrils bare or
unfeathered, as certain jays and auks. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _hris_,
_hrin-os_, the nose.]
GYMNOSOPHIST, jim-nos'of-ist, _n._ the name given by the Greeks to those
ancient Hindu philosophers who wore little or no clothing, and lived
solitarily in mystical contemplation.--_n._ GYMNOS'OPHY. [Gr. _gymnos_,
naked, _sophos_, wise.]
GYMNOSPERM, jim'n[=o]-sp[.e]rm, _n._ one of the lower or more primitive
group of seed plants--also GYM'NOGEN.--_adj._ GYMNOSPER'MOUS (_bot._),
having the seeds unenclosed in a capsule.--_n._ GYM'NOSPORE, a naked spore.
[Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _sperma_, seed.]
GYMNOTUS, jim-n[=o]'tus, _n._ the most powerful of the electric fishes,
occurring in the fresh waters of Brazil and Guiana.--Also _Electric eel_.
[Formed from Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _n[=o]tos_, the back.]
GYNÆCEUM, GYNECIUM, jin-[=e]-s[=e]'um, _n._ an apartment in a large house
exclusively appropriated to women. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _oikos_, a
house.]
GYNANDRIA, ji-nan'dri-a, _n._ a Linnæan class of plants, in which the
stamens are united with the pistil.--_n._ GYNAN'DER, a plant of the
gynandria: a masculine woman.--_adjs._ GYNAN'DRIAN, GYNAN'DROUS. [Gr.
_gyn[=e]_, a female, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]
GYNARCHY, jin'är-ki, _n._ government by a female. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman,
_arch[=e]_, rule.]
GYNECIAN, GYNÆCIAN, ji-n[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ relating to women.--_adjs._
GYN[=E]'CIC, GYNÆ'CIC, pertaining to women's diseases.--_n._ GYNOE'CIUM,
the collective pistils of a flower.
GYNECOCRACY, jin-[=e]-kok'ra-si, _n._ government by women--also
GYNOC'RACY.--_adj._ GYNECRAT'IC. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _kratein_, to
rule.]
GYNECOLOGY, GYNÆCOLOGY, jin-[=e]-kol'-o-ji, _n._ that branch of medicine
which treats of the diseases and affections peculiar to woman and her
physical organism.--_adj._ GYNECOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ GYNECOL'OGIST. [Gr.
_gyn[=e]_, a woman, _legein_, to speak.]
GYNEOLATRY, j[=i]n[=e]-ol'at-ri, _n._ excessive worship of woman. [Gr.
_gyn[=e]_, a woman, _latreia_, worship.]
GYNOPHORE, jin'o-f[=o]r, _n._ (_bot._) an elongation or internode of the
receptacle of a flower.
GYP, jip, _n._ a male servant who attends to college rooms at Cambridge.
[Perh. a contr. from _gypsy_; hardly from Gr. _gyps_, a vulture.]
GYPSUM, jip'sum, _n._ a valuable mineral of a comparatively soft kind,
burned in kilns, and afterwards ground to a fine powder, called _plaster of
Paris_.--_adjs._ GYP'SEOUS, of or resembling gypsum; GYPSIF'EROUS,
producing or containing gypsum. [L.,--Gr. _gypsos_, chalk.]
GYPSY, GYPSYISM. See GIPSY.
GYRATE, j[=i]'r[=a]t, _v.i._ to whirl round a central point: to move
round.--_adj._ (_bot._) winding round.--_n._ GYR[=A]'TION, act of whirling
round a central point: a spiral motion.--_adjs._ GY'RATORY, GYR[=A]'TIONAL,
moving in a circle. [L. _gyr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to move in a circle.]
GYRE, j[=i]r, _n._ a circular motion.--_n._ GY'RA, the richly embroidered
border of a robe:--_pl._ GY'RÆ.--_adjs._ GY'RAL, whirling, rotating;
GYROID'AL, spiral in arrangement or movement. [L. _gyrus_--Gr. _gyros_, a
ring, round.]
GYRE-CARLIN, g[=i]r-kar'lin, _n._ (_Scot._) a witch. [Ice. _gýgr_, a witch,
_karlinna_, a carline.]
GYRFALCON. See GERFALCON.
GYROMANCY, j[=i]'ro-man-si, _n._ divination by walking in a circle till
dizziness caused a fall towards one direction or another. [Gr. _gyros_, a
circle, _manteia_, divination.]
GYRON, GIRON, j[=i]'ron, _n._ (_her._) a bearing consisting of two straight
lines drawn from any given part of the field and meeting in an acute angle
in the fesse-point.--_adjs._ GYRONNET'TY, GYRON'NY, GIRON'NY. [Fr., acc. to
Skeat, from the Old High Ger. _gérun_, accus. of _géro_, a spear, _gér_;
cf. A.S. _gár_, a spear.]
GYROSCOPE, j[=i]'ro-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for the exhibition of
various properties of rotation, and the composition of rotations.--_adj._
GYROSCOP'IC. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle, _skopein_, to see.]
GYROSE, j[=i]'r[=o]s, _adj._ (_bot._) turned round like a crook.
GYROSTAT, j[=i]'r[=o]-stat, _n._ an instrument contrived for illustrating
the dynamics of rotating rigid bodies.--_adj._ GYROSTAT'IC. [Gr. _gyros_,
round, _statikos_, static.]
GYRUS, j[=i]'rus, _n._ one of the rounded edges into which the surface of
the cerebral hemisphere is divided by the fissures or sulci. [Gr. _gyros_,
a circle.]
GYTE, g[=i]t, _adj._ (_Scot._) crazy, mad.
GYTE, g[=i]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a child: a first year's boy at Edinburgh High
School. [Prob. a corr. of _get_, offspring.]
GYTRASH, g[=i]'trash, _n._ (_prov._) a ghost.
GYVE, j[=i]v, _v.t._ to fetter.--_n.pl._ GYVES, shackles, fetters. [M. E.
_gives_, _gyves._ Of Celt. origin; cf. W. _gefyn_, Ir. _geimheal._]
* * * * *
H the eighth letter in our alphabet, its sound that of a strongly-marked
continuous guttural, produced at the back of the palate, not existing in
English, but heard in the Scotch _loch_ and the German _lachen_. In Old
English _h_ was a guttural, or throat sound, but it gradually softened down
to a spirant, and has now become almost a vowel: (_chem._) a symbol
denoting hydrogen: in medieval Roman notation=200, [=H]=200,000.
HA, hä, _interj._ denoting surprise, joy, or grief; and, when repeated,
laughter: in continued speech, often an involuntary sound expressive of
hesitation. [Imit.]
HA', haw, _n._ (_Scot._) hall.
HAAF, häf, _n._ a deep-sea fishing-ground off the coast of Shetland.--_n._
HAAF'-FISH'ING, deep-sea fishing, as for cod. [Ice. _haf_, sea.]
HAAR, här, _n._ (_Scot._) a fog.
HABBLE, häb'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to perplex.--_v.i._ to stutter or
stammer.--_n._ a perplexity, a squabble. [_Hobble_.]
HABEAS-CORPUS (_ad subjiciendum_), h[=a]'be-as-kor'pus, _n._ a writ to a
jailer to produce the body of one detained in prison, and to state the
reasons of such detention.--_n._ HABEN'DUM, the clause in a deed beginning
'habendum et tenendum' ('to have and to hold'), which determines the
interest or estate granted by the deed. [L., lit. 'have the body,' from L.
_hab[=e]re_, to have, and _corpus_, the body.]
HABENARIA, hab-[=e]-n[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of tuberous orchidaceous
plants. [L. _habena_, a thong.]
HABERDASHER, hab'[.e]r-dash-[.e]r, _n._ a seller of small-wares, as
ribbons, tape, &c.--_n._ HAB'ERDASHERY, goods sold by a haberdasher. [O.
Fr. _hapertas_; ety. dub.; not Ice.]
HABERDINE, ha-ber-d[=i]n', _n._ (_obs._) dried salt cod. [Old Dut.
_abberdaan_, also _labberdaen_; prob. from Le _Labourd_, or _Lapurdum_
(Bayonne).]
HABERGEON, ha-b[.e]r'je-un, _n._ a piece of armour to defend the neck and
breast. [Fr. _haubergeon_, dim. of O. Fr. _hauberc_.]
HABILE, hab'il, _adj._ (_obs._) able, capable. [Fr.,--L. _habilis._ See
ABLE.]
HABILIMENT, ha-bil'i-ment, _n._ a garment: (_pl._) clothing,
dress.--_adjs._ HAB'ILABLE (_Carlyle_), capable of being clothed;
HABIL'ATORY, having reference to dressing. [Fr. _habillement_--_habiller_,
to dress--L. _habilis_, fit, ready--_hab[=e]re_.]
HABILITATION, ha-bil-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ (_Bacon_) qualification: (_U.S._)
the act of supplying money to work a mine.--_n._ HABILIT[=A]'TOR, one who
does so.--_v.i._ HABIL'ITATE, to acquire certain necessary qualifications,
esp. for the office of teacher in a German university (Ger. _habilitiren_).
[Low L. _habilitation -em_--L. _habilis_, able.]
HABILITY, ha-bil'i-ti, _n._ an obsolete form of _ability_.
HABIT, hab'it, _n._ ordinary course of conduct: tendency to perform certain
actions: general condition or tendency, as of the body: practice: custom:
outward appearance: dress, esp. any official or customary costume: a
garment, esp. a tight-fitting dress, with a skirt, worn by ladies on
horseback.--_v.t._ to dress:--_pr.p._ hab'iting; _pa.p._ hab'ited.--_adj._
HAB'ITED, clothed, dressed.--_ns._ HAB'IT-MAK'ER, one who makes women's
riding-habits; HAB'IT-SHIRT, a thin muslin or lace under-garment worn by
women on the neck and shoulders, under the dress.--_adj._ HABIT'[=U]AL,
formed or acquired by frequent use: customary.--_adv._
HABIT'[=U]ALLY.--_v.t._ HABIT'[=U][=A]TE, to cause to acquire a habit: to
accustom.--_ns._ HABIT[=U][=A]'TION; HAB'IT[=U]DE, tendency from acquiring
a habit: usual manner; HABITUÉ (hab-it'[=u]-[=a]), a habitual frequenter of
any place of entertainment, &c.--HABIT AND REPUTE, a phrase in Scotch law
to denote something so notorious that it affords strong and generally
conclusive evidence of the facts to which it refers; HABIT OF BODY, the
general condition of the body as outwardly apparent: any constitutional
tendency or weakness. [Fr.,--L. _habitus_, state, dress--_hab[=e]re_, to
have.]
HABITABLE, hab'it-a-bl, _adj._ that may be dwelt in.--_ns._ HABITABIL'ITY,
HAB'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ HAB'ITABLY.--_ns._ HAB'ITANT, an inhabitant;
HAB'ITAT, the natural abode or locality of an animal or plant: place of
abode generally; HABIT[=A]'TION, act of inhabiting: a dwelling or
residence: a group, lodge, company, as of the so-called 'Primrose League.'
[Fr.,--L. _habitabilis_--_habit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to inhabit, freq. of
_hab[=e]re_, to have.]
HABLE, h[=a]'bl, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as HABILE.
HACHEL, hach'el, _n._ (_Scot._) a sloven.
HACHURE, hash'[=u]r, _n._ Same as HATCHING.
HACIENDA, as-i-en'da, _n._ an estate or establishment. [Sp.,--L.
_facienda_, things to be done, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]
HACK, hak, _v.t._ to cut: to chop or mangle: to notch: to kick (another) at
football.--_n._ a cut made by hacking: a kick on the shin.--_n._ HACK'ING,
the operation of picking a worn grindstone, &c., with a
hack-hammer.--_adj._ short and interrupted, as a broken, troublesome
cough.--_n._ HACK'-LOG, a chopping-block. [A.S. _haccian_, in composition
_tó-haccian_; cf. Dut. _hakken_, Ger. _hacken._]
HACK, hak, _n._ a horse kept for hire, esp. a poor one: any person
overworked on hire: a literary drudge.--_adj._ hired, mercenary: used
up.--_v.t._ to offer for hire: to use roughly.--_n._ HACK'-WORK, literary
drudgery for which a person is hired by a publisher, as making
dictionaries, &c. [Contr. of _hackney_.]
HACK, hak, _n._ a grated frame, as a rack for feeding cattle, a place for
drying bricks, &c. [_Hatch_.]
HACKBERRY, hak'ber-i, _n._ an American tree, allied to the elm. [See
HAGBERRY.]
HACKBUT, hak'but, _n._ an arquebuse--also HAG'BUT.--_n._ HACKBUTEER'. [O.
Fr. _haquebute_, from Dut. _haakbus._ See ARQUEBUSE.]
HACKEE, hak'[=e], _n._ the United States chipmuck or ground-squirrel.
[Imit.]
HACKERY, hak'er-i, _n._ a native bullock-cart. [Hind. _chhakr[=a]_, a
cart.]
HACKLE, hak'l, _n._ an instrument with iron teeth for sorting hemp or flax:
any flimsy substance unspun: a feather in a cock's neck: part of the
dressing of a fly-hook used by anglers.--_v.t._ to dress with a hackle, as
flax: to tear rudely asunder.--_n._ HACK'LER, a flax-dresser,
heckler.--_adj._ HACK'LY, rough and broken, as if hacked or chopped:
(_min._) covered with sharp points. [Cf. Dut. _hekel_, Ger. _hechel_.]
HACKLET, hak'let, _n._ a kind of sea-bird, prob. the shear-water--also
HAG'LET.--The HAGDEN is the Greater Shear-water (_Puffinus major_).
HACKNEY, hak'ni, _n._ a horse for general use, esp. for hire: (_obs._) a
person hired for any mean work.--_v.t._ to carry in a hackney-coach: to use
much: to make commonplace.--_adjs._ HACK'NEY, HACK'NEYED, let out for hire:
devoted to common use: much used.--_ns._ HACK'NEY-COACH, a coach let out
for hire; HACK'NEY-COACH'MAN; HACK'NEYMAN, one who keeps hackney horses.
[O. Fr. _haquenee_, an ambling nag; further history unknown.]
HACQUETON (_Spens._). A form of _acton_.
HAD, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _have_: (_B._) held.--_ns._ HAD'DING, HAD'DIN
(_Scot._), a holding, residence.
HADDOCK, had'uk, _n._ a sea-fish of the cod family--(_Scot._) HADD'IE. [M.
E. _haddoke_; ety. unknown.]
HADE, h[=a]d, _n._ (_min._) the dip or underlie of a lode or fault.--_v.i._
to underlay or incline from the vertical.
HADES, h[=a]'d[=e]z, _n._ the unseen world: the abode of the dead
indefinitely, hell. [Gr. _haid[=e]s_, _had[=e]s_, dubiously derived from
_a_, neg., and _idein_, to see.]
HADITH, had'ith, _n._ the body of traditions about Mohammed, supplementary
to the Koran. [Ar.]
HADJ, HAJJ, haj, _n._ a Mohammedan pilgrimage to Mecca or Medina.--_ns._
HADJI, HAJJI (haj'i), one who has performed a Hadj. [Ar., 'a pilgrimage.']
HADROSAURUS, had-r[=o]-sä'rus, _n._ a very large Dinosaurian of the
Cretaceous epoch--abundant in New Jersey. [Gr. _hadros_, thick, _sauros_, a
lizard.]