_Of Bunging Casks and Carrying of Malt Liquors to some distance_.
I am sure this is of no small Consequence, however it may be esteemed as a
light matter by some; for if this is not duly perform'd, all our Charge,
Labour and Care will be lost; and therefore here I shall dissent from my
_London_ Fashion, where I bung'd up my Ale with Pots of Clay only, or with
Clay mix'd with Bay Salt, which is the better of the two, because this
Salt will keep the Clay moist longer than in its Original State; and the
Butt Beers and fine Ales were Bung'd with Cork drove in with a piece of
Hop-Sack or Rag, which I think are all insipid, and the occasion of
spoiling great Quantities of Drink, especially the small Beers; for when
the Clay is dry, which is soon in Summer, there cannot be a regular Vent
thro' it, and then the Drink from that time flattens and stales to the
great loss in a Year to some Owners, and the Benefit of the Brewer; for
then a fresh Cask must be Tapp'd to supply it, and the remaining part of
the other throw'd away. Now, to prevent this great Inconvenience, my
Bung-holes are not quite of the largest size of all, and yet big enough
for the common wooden Iron Hoop'd Funnel used in some Brew-houses: In this
I put in a turned piece of Ash or Sallow three Inches broad at Top, and
two Inches and a half long, first putting in a double piece of dry brown
Paper, that is so broad that an Inch or more may be out of it, after the
wooden Bung is drove down with a Hammer pretty tight; this Paper must be
furl'd or twisted round the Bung, and another loose piece upon and around
that, with a little Yeast, and a small Peg put into the Bung, which is to
be raised at Discretion when the Beer is drawing, or at other times to
give it Vent if there should be occasion: Others will put some Coal or
Wood Ashes wetted round this Bung, which will bind very hard, and prevent
any Air getting into or out of the Cask; but this in time is apt to rot,
and wear the Bung-hole by the Salt or Sulphur in the Ashes, and employing
a Knife to scrape it afterwards. Yet, for keeping Beers, it's the best
Security of all other ways whatsoever.
There is also a late Invention practised by a common Brewer in the Country
that I am acquainted with, for the safe Carriage of Drink on Drays, to
some distance without losing any of it, and that is in the Top Center of
one of these Bungs, he puts in a wooden Funnel, whose Spout is about four
Inches long, and less than half an Inch Diameter at Bottom; this is turned
at Top into a concave Fashion like a hollow round Bowl, that will hold
about a Pint, which is a constant Vent to the Cask, and yet hinders the
Liquor from ascending no faster than the Bowl can receive, and return it
again into the Barrel: I may say further, he has brought a Barrel two
Miles, and it was then full, when it arrived at his Customers, because the
Pint that was put into the Funnel, at setting out, was not at all lost
when he took it off the Dray; this may be also made of Tin; and will serve
from the Butt to the small Cask.
In the Butt there is a Cork-hole made about two Inches below the upper
Head, and close under that a piece of Leather is nailed Spout-fashion,
that jetts three Inches out, from which the Yeast works and falls into a
Tub, and when the working is over the Cork is put closely in, for the Bung
in the Head of the upright Cask is put in as soon as it is filled up with
new Drink: Now when such a Cask is to be broach'd and a quick Draught is
to follow, then it may be tapp'd at Bottom; but if otherwise, the Brass
Cock ought to be first put in at the middle, and before the Drink sinks to
that it should be Tapp'd at Bottom to prevent the breaking of the Head of
Yeast, and its growing stale, flat and sour.
In some Places in the Country when they brew Ale or Beer to send to
_London_ at a great Distance, they let it be a Year old before they Tap
it, so that then it is perfectly fine; this they put into small Casks that
have a Bung-hole only fit for a large Cork, and then they immediately put
in a Role of Bean-flour first kneaded with Water or Drink, and baked in an
Oven, which is all secured by pitching in the Cork, and so sent in the
Waggon; the Bean-flour feeding and preserving the Body of the Drink all
the way, without fretting or causing it to burst the Cask for want of
Vent, and when Tapp'd will also make the Drink very brisk, because the
Flour is in such a hard Consistence, that it won't dissolve in that time;
but if a little does mix with the Ale or Beer, its heavy Parts will sooner
fine than thicken the Drink and keep it mellow and lively to the last, if
Air is kept out of the Barrel.