General directions 41
Instruments 42
Classification of material 42
Preparation of maps 43
Projection 43
Details of base maps 45
Transferring or copying 46
Tracing 46
Celluloid transferring 47
Sketching by reticulation 47
The "shadowless drafting table" 47
Topographic features 48
Relief 48
Hydrography 51
Cultural features 52
Lettering 53
General directions 53
Lettering by type 54
Abbreviations 55
Names of railroads 57
Make-up of maps 57
Forms for certain features 57
Border 57
Title 58
Explanation 58
Graphic scales for maps 59
Symbols 61
Areal patterns for black and white maps 61
Standard colors for geologic maps 63
Reduction or enlargement of maps 63
Diagrams 64
Sections 64
Plans and cross sections of mines 65
Drawings of specimens of rocks and fossils 66
Methods used 66
Brush and pencil drawings 66
Pen drawings 67
Retouching photographs of specimens 68
Landscape drawings from poor photographs 68
Pen drawings made over photographs 68
Brush drawings from poor photographs 69
Outdoor sketches 69
Drawings of crystals 70
Retouching photographs 70