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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
John Barton Payne, Secretary
United States Geological Survey
George Otis Smith, Director
THE
PREPARATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR REPORTS OF THE
United STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WITH BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF PROCESSES
OF REPRODUCTION
BY
JOHN L. RIDGWAY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1920
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| THE PREPARATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS |
| |
| FOR REPORTS OF THE |
| |
| UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY |
| |
| |
| BY |
| |
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| JOHN L. RIDGWAY |
| |
+==================================+
CONTENTS.
Part I. Preparation by Authors.
Page.
Introduction 7
Purpose and value of illustrations 8
Selection and approval of illustrations 8
Submittal of illustrations 10
Kinds of illustrations 10
Sizes of illustrations 11
Subdivisions of plates and figures 12
Preparation of copy by authors 12
Character of original material 12
Preliminary preparation of maps 13
Material available for base maps 14
Basic features of maps 17
Standard scales 18
Orientation of maps 18
Projection 18
Explanation 19
Titles of maps and other illustrations 19
Symbols used on maps 20
General features 20
Letter symbols 20
Oil and gas symbols 21
Symbols for use on maps showing features of ground water 21
Black-line conventions 23
Materials used in preparing maps 23
Paper 23
Bristol board 24
Tracing linen 24
Inks 25
Drawing pens 25
Pencils 25
Rubber erasers and cleaners 25
Colored pencils and crayons 26
Water colors 26
Japanese transparent water colors 26
Coloring geologic maps 27
Diagrams 28
Essential features 28
Plans of mine workings 29
Sections 29
Lithologic symbols 32
Use of photographs as illustrations 32
Essential features 32
Copyrighted photographs 33
Sources of photographs 34
Lending original photographs and drawings 34
Unpublished photographs 34
Specimens 34
General requirements 34
Borrowed and fragile specimens 35
Transmittal of paleontologic specimens 35
Making up plates 36
Reuse of illustrations 37
Approval of finished illustrations 38
Revision of illustrations 38
Submittal of proofs 38
Proof-reading illustrations 39
General considerations 39