Patronymic phrases, as _of Dedham_, follow all the names; but they must
immediately follow the family name when they are always used in close
connection with it, as _Girault de St. Farjeau, Eusèbe_; similarly
_aîné_, _fils_, _jeune_, as _Dumas fils, Alexandre_; _Didot fils,
Ambroise_. Latin appellatives should not in general be separated from
their nouns by a comma; as, _Caesar Heisterbacensis_.
The name of a king's wife should be written thus: _Charlotte, Queen,
consort of George III of England_. _Anne Boleyn Queen, 2d consort of
Henry VIII of England._
=Countries and places:=
Index under countries or places important events relating to them:
e.g., _Montreal, Cartier's description of houses at_. Also make
reference under name: e.g., _Cartier, description of houses at
Montreal_.
Enter congresses of several nations under the name of the place
of meeting (as that usually gives them their name), with
cross-references from the nations taking part in them, and from
any name by which they are popularly known: e.g., the _Congress
of London, of Paris, of Verona, International Peace Congress
at the Hague_.
Enter treaties under the name of each of the contracting parties,
with a cross-reference from the name of the place of negotiation,
when the treaty is commonly called by that name, and from any
other usual appellation: e.g., treaty of _Versailles_, _Barrier_
treaty, _Jay's_ treaty.
=Parties and sects:=
Enter the official publications of any political party or
religious denomination or order, under the name of the party, or
denomination, or order: e.g.,
Platforms, manifestoes, addresses, etc., go under _Democratic Party,
Republican Party_, etc.
Confessions of faith, creeds, catechisms, liturgies, breviaries,
missals, hours, offices, prayer books, etc., go under _Baptists,
Benedictines, Catholic Church, Church of England, Friends_, etc.
That part of a body which belongs to any place should be entered
under the name of the body, not the place: e.g., _Congregationalists
in New England_, _Congregationalists in Massachusetts_, not _New
England Congregationalists_, _Massachusetts Congregationalists_. But
cross-references must be made from the place (indeed in cases like
_Massachusetts Convention_, _Essex Conference_, it may be doubted
whether those well-known names should not be the headings).
Enter corporations and quasi corporations, both English and
foreign, under their names as they read, neglecting an initial
article or serial number when there is one.
Enter orders of knighthood, both those of medieval times and their
honorary modern equivalents, under the significant word of the
English title: e.g., _Garter, Order of the_; _Malta, Knights
of_; _Templars, Knights_; _Teutonic Order_; _Freemasons_. But
the American Knights Templars, being merely a division of the
Freemasons, belong under _Freemasons_; so of other regular
masonic bodies.
The colleges of an English university and the unnamed professional
schools of an American university go under the university's
name. Such professional schools, if they have a distinctive
name, particularly if at a distance from the university, or for
any other reason less closely connected with it, go under their
own name: e.g., _Oxford University, Magdalen College_; _Harvard
University, Veterinary School_; but _Barnard College, Columbia
University_; _Radcliffe College, Harvard University_; _Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale University_.
College libraries go under the name of the college: e.g., _Harvard
College, University Library_. But the Bodleian Library may be put
under _Bodleian_.
Local college societies go under the name of the college;
intercollegiate societies and Greek letter fraternities under
their own names: e.g., Φ B K _A, of Harvard_.
Alumni and Alumnæ associations go under the name of the school or
college: e.g., _Harvard Alumni Association of New York_.
Schools supported by public taxation go under the name of the city
or town maintaining them, whether they have an individual name or
not.
When a corporation is much less known by the first words of its
name than by a later part, enter under the later part: e.g.,
_Christian Endeavor, Young People's Society of_.
Enter guilds under the name of the trade: e.g., _Stationers
Company_, not _Master and Keepers or Wardens and Commonality of
the Mystery and Art of Stationers of the City of London_, which
is the corporate title.
Enter bodies whose legal name begins with such words as _Board_,
_Corporation_, _Trustees_ under that part of the name by
which they are usually known: e.g., Trustees of the _Eastern
Dispensary_; President and Fellows of _Harvard College_;
Proprietors of the _Boston Athenæum_; Contributors to the
_Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of their Reason_.
Cross-reference from the first word of the legal name.
Enter the name of a firm under the family name rather than the
forename, and do not fill out the forenames: e.g., _Friedlander
und Sohn, Raphael_, not under _Raphael_; _Stokes, F. A. Co._, not
_Stokes, Frederick A. Co._
The consulter is much more likely to remember the family than the
Christian name. Whether the Christian name is written at the end
or thus, _Town (John)_ and _Bowers (Henry)_, all firms should be
arranged after all the other entries of the first family name, i.e.,
_Friedlander und Sohn_ after all the _Friedlanders_.
This rule might be extended to include corporations, colleges,
libraries, etc., whose legal names include forenames. Entry under a
forename, as _Silas Bronson Library_, and especially under initials, as
_T. B. Scott Public Library_, is awkward. But the public habit is not
yet sufficiently settled to justify an exception.
Enter the universities of the European continent and of Central and
South America under the name of the place; all other societies
under _Königliche_, _Herzogliche_, etc.
Cross-reference from the first word in the university names and from
the place of societies.
A few learned academies, commonly called by the names of the cities
where they are established, may be entered under the place with a
cross-reference from the name. These are _Berlin, Göttingen, Leipzig,
Lisbon, Madrid, Munich, St. Petersburg, Vienna_.
Enter national libraries, museums, and galleries, as well as
libraries, museums, and galleries instituted or supported by a
city, under the place, provided they have not a distinctive name.
Example of place: _Paris Bibliothèque Nationale_. _Boston Public
Library._
Example of name: _Berkshire Athenæum_; _Boston Athenæum_; _British
Museum_; _Forbes Library_; _Marucceliana, Biblioteca_; _Reuben Hoar
Public Library_.
Enter observatories under the name of the place: e.g., _Greenwich,
Observatory_. _Pulkowa, Sternwarte_; except that:
(_a_) University observatories go under the university: e.g., _Harvard
College. Astronomical Observatory, at Cambridge._ (Cross-reference from
_Cambridge_.)
(_b_) Any observatory having an individual name may go under that:
e.g., _Lick Observatory_, _Yerkes Observatory_.
Enter expositions under the place where they were held: e.g.,
_Buffalo, Pan-American Exposition, 1901_; _Chicago, World's Columbian
Exposition, 1893_; _New Orleans, World's Industrial and Cotton
Centennial Exhibition, 1884-85_; _Philadelphia, Centennial Exhibition,
1876_.
Cross-reference from an individual name.
Enter American State universities and State historical,
agricultural and medical societies, whether supported by the
State or not, under the name of the State, unless they are better
known by a distinctive name. The State's name usually enters into
the name of these societies and they are known outside of the
State by its name. Cross-reference when necessary.
Enter churches under the name of the place.
Single churches have usually been entered under the place, a practice
which arose in American indexes from our way of naming churches "The
First Church in----," "The Second Church of----," etc., and applies
very well to a majority of English churches, whose name generally
includes the name of the parish. It is more in accordance with indexing
principles to limit the local entry of churches to _First Church_,
etc., and those which have only the name of the town or parish, and to
put all others (as _St. Sepulchre's_, _St. Mary Aldermansbury_) under
their names, as they read, and to treat convents and monasteries in the
same way; but the convenience of having a single definite rule has been
held to outweigh in this case the claims of consistency.
The parishes of London (as _Kensington_, _Marylebone_, _Southwark_),
like the parts of Boston (_Dorchester_, _Roxbury_, etc.), or of any
other composite city, would be put under their own names, not under the
name of the city.
A few cathedrals generally known by some other name may be entered
under it: e.g., _St. Paul's, London; Notre Dame, Paris; St.
Peter's, Rome; St. Sophia, Constantinople_.
Put monasteries and convents, like churches, under the place,
unless better known by the name.
National banks designated merely by number (as _First National Bank
of Boston_) go under the name of the place.
Young men's Christian associations, mercantile library
associations, and the like, should have local entry.
Private schools having no distinctive name go under the name of the
proprietor.
Private libraries, galleries and museums go under the name of the
proprietor.
Buildings are for the most part provided for in the above rules, as
museums, galleries, libraries, churches, etc. Any others should
be entered under their names, with a cross-reference from the
city.
Headings like _Charles_, _George_, _Henry_, when very numerous,
must be divided into classes, in this order: Saints, Popes,
Emperors, Kings, Princes, and Noblemen, others. The Saints are
sub-arranged by their usual appellatives, the Popes by their
number, Sovereigns and Sovereign princes in alphabetical order
of countries, and under countries numerically. Other persons
are sub-arranged by their usual appellatives, neglecting the
prepositions:[52] e.g.,
_Peter_, Saint.
_Peter_, Pope.
_Peter_, the Great, Emperor of Russia.
_Peter II_, of Aragon.
_Peter III_, of Aragon.
_Peter I_, of Portugal.
_Peter_, Duke of Newcastle.
_Peter_, of Groningen, enthusiast. See _Pieter_.
_Peter_, John Henry.
_Peter, Lake._
_Peter, Mt._
_Peter-Hansen_, Erik.
_Peter_ Lewis, a true tale.
When there are two appellatives coming in different parts of
the alphabet, cross-reference from the rejected one, as _Thomas
Cantuariensis_. See _Thomas Becket_.
Arrange in two alphabets names that differ slightly in spelling and
come close together in the alphabet: e.g.,
_Brown_ and _Browne_, and the French names beginning with _Saint_ and
_Sainte_. As readers may not always know the spelling of the author's
name, cross-references should be made: e.g., _Brown_. See also _Browne_.
Arrange by the forename headings in which the family name is the
same.
No attention is to be paid to prefixes, as _Bp., Capt., Dr., Hon., Sir,
Fräulein, Miss, Mlle., Mme., Mrs._, or to suffixes, as _D.D., F.R.S.,
LL.D._, etc.
When the forenames are the same, arrange chronologically.
No attention is to be paid to the titles _Sir_, etc.: e.g., _Bart, T.
L._, comes before _Bart, Thomas_, for the same reason that _Bart_ comes
before _Barta_.
Forenames not generally used should be neglected in the arrangement.
When an author is generally known by one of several forenames he will
be looked for by that alone, and that alone should determine the
arrangement. The form should be _Harte, Bret_ (in full _Francis Bret_),
or _Harte, Bret_ (i.e., _Francis Bret_).
Make cross-references whenever the omission of a name will change the
alphabetical arrangement, as from _Müller, F. Max_, to _Müller, Max_.
When there are two names exactly the same, add dates if available:
e.g., _Franklin, John (d. 1759)_; _Franklin, John (d. 1863)_.
If an author uses both the shorter and the longer forms in
different works, and yet is decidedly better known by the
shorter, arrange by that.
Arrange a nobleman's title, under which entry is made, and the name
of a bishop's see, from which reference is made to the family
name, among the personal names, not with the places: e.g.,
_London_, Alfred.
_London_, David, bp. of.
_London_, John.
_London_, Conn.
_London_, Eng.
not _London_, John.
_London_, David, bp. of.
_London_, Conn.
nor _London_, John.
_London_, Conn.
_London_, David, bp. of.
_London_, Eng.
_Danby_, John.
_Danby_, Thomas _Osborne_, earl of.
_Danby_, Wm.
_Danby_, Eng.
_Holland_, C.
_Holland_, 3d baron (H: R. Vassal Fox).
_Holland_, 4th baron (H: E. Vassal Fox).
_Holland_ (the country).
The possessive case singular should be arranged with the plural: e.g.,
_Bride_ of Lammermoor.
_Brides_ and bridals.
_Bride's_ choice.
_Boys'_ and girls' book.
_Boy's_ King Arthur.
_Boys_ of '76.
Arrange Greek and Latin personal names by their patronymics or other
appellatives: e.g.,
_Dionysius._
_Dionysius_ Areopagita.
_Dionysius_ Chalcidensis.
_Dionysius_ Genuensis.
Arrange English personal and place names compounded with prefixes as
single words; also those foreign names in which the prefix is not
transposed: e.g.,
_Demonstration._
_De Montfort._
_Demophilus._
_De Morgan._
_Demosthenes._
Other such names are _Ap Thomas, Des Barres, Du Chaillu, Fitz Allen, La
Motte Fouqué, Le Sage, Mac Fingal, O'Neal, Saint-Réal, Sainte-Beuve,
Van Buren_.
This is the universal custom, founded on the fact that the prefixes are
often not separated in printing from the following part of the name.
It would, of course, be wrong to have _Demorgan_ in one place and _De
Morgan_ in another.
Arrange proper names beginning with _M', Mc, St., Ste._ as if spelled
_Mac, Saint, Sainte_.
Because they are so pronounced. But _L'_ is not arranged as _La_
or _Le_, nor _O'_ as if it stood for _Of_, because they are not so
pronounced.
Arrange compound names of places as separate words, except those
beginning with prefixes: e.g.,
_New_, John.
_New Hampshire._
_New_ legion of Satan.
_New Sydenham Society._
_New York._
_Newark._
_Newfoundland._
_Newspapers._
not _New_, John.
_New_ legion of Satan.
_Newark._
_Newfoundland._
_New Hampshire._
_Newspapers._
_New Sydenham Society._
_New York._
Arrange personal names compounded of two names with or without a
hyphen after the first name, but before the next longer word: e.g.,
_Fonte_, Bart. de.
_Fonte Resbecq_, Auguste.
_Fontenay_, Louis.
_Fontenay Mareuil_, François.
Arrange names of societies as separate words.
See _New Sydenham Society_ in the list above.
Arrange hyphened words as if separate: e.g.,
_Happy_ home.
_Happy-Thought_ Hall.
_Happy_ thoughts.
_Home_ and hearth.
_Home_ rule.
_Homely_ traits.
_Homer._
_Sing_, pseud.
_Sing_, James.
_Sing_, James, pseud.
_Sing-Sing Prison._
_Singapore._
_Singing._
_Grave and Reverend Club._
_Grave County._
_Grave Creek._
_Grave-digger._
_Grave-mounds._
_Grave_ objections.
_Grave de Mézeray_, Antoine.
_Gravel._
_Gravestone._
_Graveyard._
_Out_ and about.
_Out_ in the cold, a song.
_Out-of-door_ Parliament.
_Outer_ darkness, The.
Arrange pseudonyms after the corresponding real name: e.g.,
_Andrew_, pseud.
_Andrew_, St.
_Andrew_, St., pseud.
_Andrew_, John.
_Andrew_, John, pseud.
_Andrew_, John Albion.
Arrange incomplete names by the letters. When the same letters
are followed by different signs, if there are no forenames,
arrange in the order of the complexity of signs; but if there
are forenames, arrange by them: i.e., put a dot before a line, a
line before a star (three lines crossing), etc.: e.g.,
_Far_ from the world.
_Far_ ...
_Far_ ***
_Far_, *** B. F.
_Far_ ..., J. B.
_Farr_, John.
The arrangement of title-entries is first by the heading words; if
they are the same, then by the next word; if that is the same,
by the next; and so on. Every word, articles and prepositions
included, is to be regarded, but not a transposed article: e.g.,
_Uncovenanted_ Mercies.
_Under_ a Cloud.
_Under_ the Ban.
_Under_ the Greenwood Tree; a novel.
_Under_ the Greenwood Tree; a poem.
_Under_ Which King.
_Undone_ Task, The.
_Undone_ Task Done.[53]
It makes no difference whether the words are connected with one another
in sense or not; the searcher should not be compelled to think of that.
Let the arrangement be by words as ordinarily printed. Thus _Home Rule_
is one idea but it is two words, and its place must be determined
primarily by its first word _Home_, which brings it before _Homeless_.
If it were printed _Homerule_ it would come after _Homeless_. Similarly
_Art Amateur_ is one phrase, but as the first word _Art_ is followed by
a word beginning with _am_, it must come before _Art_ and _Artists_,
although its parts are more closely connected than the parts of the
latter phrase.
The French _d'_ and _l'_ are not to be treated as part of the following
word: e.g.,
_Art d'économiser._
_Art d'être grandpère._
_Art d'instruire._
_Art de faire._
_Art de l'instruction._
_Art de linguistique._
_Art des mines._
_Art digne._
not _Art de faire._
_Art de linguistique._
_Art de l'instruction._
_Art d'économiser._
_Art des mines._
_Art d'être grandpère._
_Art digne._
_Art d'instruire._
Arrange titles beginning with numeral figures as if the figures
were written out in the language of the rest of the title: e.g.,
100 deutscher Männer--Ein hundert deutsche Männer; 1812--Mil huit cent
douze.
Arrange abbreviations as if spelled in full, but elisions as they
are printed: e.g.,
_Dr., M., Mlle., Mme., Mr., Mrs., St., as Doctor, Monsieur,
Mademoiselle, Madame, Mister, Mistress, Saint_.
But _Who'd be a king?_
_Who killed Cock Robin?_
_Who's to blame?_
Care must be taken not to mix two subjects together because their
names are spelled in the same way.
Thus _Grace_ before meals, _Grace_ of body, _Grace_ the musical term,
and _Grace_ the theological term, must be four distinct headings.