Origin uncertain, but it was first sent out by M. de Jonghe, Brussels,
Bel., and then extensively propagated in France. Fruit medium,
globular-ovate, irregular, yellowish-green, much washed with brown-fawn
and speckled with small ashen-gray dots; flesh yellowish, semi-fine,
semi-melting, granular at center; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous,
with a somewhat savory perfume and after taste of anis; second,
variable; from end of Nov. to Jan.
=Madame Von Siebold. 1.= =Guide Prat.= 115. 1876. =2.= _Cornell Sta.
Bul._ =332=:485. 1913.
Japan. The following description was made on the grounds of Messrs.
Simon-Louis Bros., Metz, Lorraine: "Madame Von Siebold.--Fruit very
large, rounded, a little narrow toward the cavity, where it is angular;
truncated at the base and indented at the circumference.... Skin rather
smooth, of a pretty brown color, dotted with large gray specks which
are very regular and very apparent. Flesh white, slightly yellowish,
medium fine, crisp, juicy, sweet, perfumed like quinces, almost eatable
raw. The most beautiful of the Japanese--Simon-Louis Frères."
=Madeleine d'Angers. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:386, fig. 1869.
From the environs of Segré or of Beaupreau, districts in the same
department (Maine), where it has been generally grown for 150 years.
Fruit medium and sometimes below, conic and very elongated, somewhat
contorted at the upper end, grass-green passing to greenish-yellow
on the part near the stalk and dotted with gray-russet; flesh white,
semi-fine or coarse, rather melting, watery and gritty; juice abundant,
sugary, more or less acid, and only slightly perfumed; third; end of
July.
=Mademoiselle Blanche Sannier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
A French variety. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform; flesh fine, melting,
perfumed, juicy; Oct.
=Mademoiselle Marguerite Gaujard. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.
Obtained by M. Gaujard at Ghent, Fr.; described as a new variety
in 1895. Fruit oblong, rather gourd-shaped in form, covered with
gray-russet and slightly blushed on the exposed side; flesh melting, of
a sprightly taste, perfumed; Jan. to Mar.
=Mademoiselle Solange. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =15=:120. 1888.
Described by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society of
England in 1887 as a new variety. Fruit small, nearly globular, green,
juicy and of good flavor.
=Magherman. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876.
Tree very vigorous, beautiful in aspect and extremely fertile. Fruit
large or very large, long-pyriform, regular in outline, yellow streaked
with carmine; flesh yellowish, excessively melting and very juicy,
sugary and having an exquisite perfume; first; second half of Sept.
=Magnate. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 610. 1884. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy
Fr._ 186. 1920.
A seedling raised by Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, Eng., from Louise
Bonne de Jersey prior to 1880. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, even and
symmetrical in outline, yellow covered with rather dark brown-russet,
thickly strewed with large russet freckles, blushed and streaked with
crimson; flesh yellow, tender, melting, rather gritty at the core,
richly flavored, and with a slight perfume of rose-water; very good;
Oct. and Nov.
=Magnolia. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 41. 1909. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._
=332=:484. 1913.
An oriental hybrid which originated in southern Georgia. Fruit large,
globular to pyriform, smooth, yellowish-russet, with numerous irregular
dots; flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy, mild, subacid; fair; "three or
four weeks later than Kieffer in the South."
=Malconnaître d'Haspin. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 810. 1869.
Tree vigorous, hardy and productive. Fruit large, globular-obovate,
dull yellow, with brownish-red cheek, stippled with coarse dots, and
russeted at the calyx; flesh juicy, tender, and melting, rich, subacid,
perfumed; Oct. and Nov.
=Malvoisie de Landsberg. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:171, fig. 182. 1878.
Obtained by Judge Burchardt, Landsberg, Brandenbourg, Ger. Fruit rather
large, pyriform, more or less swelled, even in contour, but often
irregular in form; skin somewhat firm, at first water-green, dotted
with gray, the green changing to yellow and the side next the sun being
at maturity slightly washed with rosy red; flesh white, rather fine,
buttery, juicy, sweet, acidulous, having a sprightly and somewhat musky
flavor; good; Oct.
=Manchester. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 810. 1869.
Originated in Providence, R. I. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow,
with traces and numerous dots of russet; flesh white, moderately juicy,
semi-melting, sweet, agreeable; good; Oct.
=Mandelblättrige Schneebirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:199.
1856.
A French wilding; published 1810. Tree dwarf. Fruit small,
globular-turbinate, green, smooth; flesh firm, astringent; winter.
=Manning. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.
A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass. Fruited in
1866. Fruit large, obovate, yellow with russet streaks and dots; flesh
fine-grained, white, juicy, with a rich, pleasant flavor; first; Sept.
=Mannsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:187. 1856.
Württemberg, Ger., 1830. Classed among the Pound pears or
Libralia. Fruit large, globular-turbinate, dull green changing to
yellowish-green, blushed, both ends covered with russet, rusty dots;
third for table, first for kitchen; Nov. and Dec.
=Mansfield. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 811. 1869.
A native variety of uncertain origin. Fruit medium, globular-oblate,
yellowish-green, with considerable russet and many green and brown
dots; flesh whitish, coarse, buttery, melting, sweet, a little
astringent; good; Sept.
=Mansuette. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:220, Pl. LVIII, fig. 1.
1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 611. 1884.
_Solitaire._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 534. 1817.
Origin unknown. Fruit large, long-obovate, irregular, obtuse, pale
green, spotted with brown and much covered with the same color on the
shaded side, and tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh
white, semi-melting, moderately fine, inclined to grow soft, juicy,
pleasantly acid and well flavored; a dessert pear; Sept. and Oct.
=Mansuette Double. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:388, fig. 1869.
This French cooking pear was first described in 1805. Fruit sometimes
considerable, rather variable in form, often conic, obtuse, very
swelled in the lower part and slightly bossed, sometimes very long
ovate having one side near the base larger than the other, dark yellow,
much covered with cinnamon-russet and large dots of ashy gray; flesh
greenish-white, coarse, juicy, semi-breaking or breaking, very gritty
at the core; juice abundant, deficient in sugar, wanting in perfume,
often too acid; second; Oct. to Dec.
=Marasquine. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:123, fig. 1866-73. =2.= _Guide
Prat._ 99. 1876.
Raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel. Fruit medium, regular-pyriform,
tender green, sprinkled with grayish dots, golden at maturity; flesh
very white, fine, buttery, melting, slightly gritty at the center;
juice sufficient, having a characteristic perfume; end of Aug.
=March Bergamot. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 811. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 611. 1884.
Raised by T. A. Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of
London. Fruit small or medium, globular, green or yellowish-brown,
partially covered with russet; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, slightly
gritty at the core, but very rich; in Europe it is a dessert pear of
high merit; in this country, however, it seems to be of small worth;
Mar. and will keep later.
=Maréchal de Cour. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:390, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 612. 1884.
A seedling of Van Mons of which he sent grafts to Alexandre Bivort,
five months before his death, in April, 1842. Fruit large, sometimes
very large, oblong-pyriform or obtuse-turbinate, one side always
smaller than the other, thickly encrusted with russet so that but
little of the yellow ground is visible; flesh white, semi-fine,
melting, gritty at center, extremely juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed;
first; Sept. to Nov.
=Maréchal Dillen. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:391, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 612. 1884.
Raised by Van Mons in 1818 and was published by him in 1820. Fruit very
large, obtuse-obovate, yellowish-green, mottled with patches and dots
of brown-russet; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, very saccharine,
having a very agreeable flavor of vinegar and musk; first, an excellent
dessert pear; Oct. and Nov.
=Maréchal Pelissier. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 523. 1857. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:393. 1869.
This pear was raised by M. Flon, Senior, the well-known horticulturist,
of Angevin, Fr., in 1845. Fruit medium, ovate, yellow, blushed with red
on the side next the sun; flesh tender, juicy; Sept. and Oct.
=Maréchal Vaillant. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:393, fig. 1869. =2.=
Hogg _Fruit Man._ 612. 1884.
A seedling of M. Boisbunel of Rouen, Fr., gained in 1864. Fruit very
large, obovate, uneven in outline, yellowish-green, mottled and
dotted with russet; flesh whitish, rather fine, semi-melting; juice
sufficient, sugary, vinous, richly flavored and musky; an excellent
pear; mid-Dec. to end of Jan.
=Margarethenbirne. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 119. 1825. =2.= Dochnahl
_Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:30. 1856.
German. Reported in 1789. Fruit small, turbinate, greenish-yellow and
heavily dotted with green, seldom blushed; flesh semi-breaking, juicy
and aromatic; third for dessert, first for kitchen and market; mid-July.
=Marguerite d'Anjou. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:394, fig. 1869.
M. Flon, Angers, obtained this from a seedling in 1863. Fruit above
medium, irregular-ovate, and bossed, more enlarged on one side than on
the other and often slightly contorted, clear yellow, slightly tinted
with pale rose on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, dense,
melting, watery, free from grit; juice abundant, highly saccharine,
acidulous, possesses a delicious flavor recalling the perfume of the
violet; first; Oct.
=Marguerite Chevalier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.
Fruit medium, nearly spherical, almost entirely covered with
fawn-russet; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sprightly; good; end of autumn.
=Marguerite Marillat. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 45. 1895. =2.= Bunyard _Handb.
Hardy Fr._ 186. 1920.
Similar to Souvenir du Congrès but of brighter golden hue, obtained
by M. Marillat, Craponne, near Lyons, Fr., 1874. Fruit large,
pyriform-turbinate, pale yellow touched with fawn-russet, blushed
with red on the side next the sun, sometimes a rich golden yellow at
maturity; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, very juicy, saccharine,
acidulous, aromatic, slightly musky, very rich; second; early Sept.
=Maria. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit rather large,
oblong-ovate; flesh yellowish, very agreeable; Feb. and Mar.
=Maria de Nantes. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:39, fig. 1854. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 812. 1869.
Raised by M. Garnier near Nantes, Fr., and reported in 1853. Fruit
nearly medium, globular-turbinate or oval-turbinate, greenish-yellow
covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, buttery, melting; juice
saccharine, highly perfumed, and acidulous; first; Oct. to Dec.
=Maria Stuart. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:69. 1856.
Belgian, 1851. A Van Mons seedling. Fruit large, conic, bent, with
unequal sides, lemon-yellow, covered densely with gray dots, lightly
russeted; very good for all purposes; Oct.
=Marianne de Nancy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:396, fig. 1869. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 812. 1869.
A seedling of Van Mons who sent cuttings of it a few days before
his death to M. Millot, a pomologist at Nancy, Fr. Fruit medium,
obtuse-turbinate, very regular and even in contour, grass-green,
stained with brown-russet; flesh whitish, fine, melting or
semi-melting; juice abundant, very sugary, acidulous; second, though
sometimes first when its flesh is very melting and its juice full of
flavor; mid-Aug.
=Marie Benoist. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:397, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard
_Handb. Hardy Fr._ 187. 1920.
Obtained from seed by Auguste Benoist, Brissac, Maine-et-Loire, Fr., in
1853. Fruit large, turbinate, very irregular, obtuse and mammillate at
the summit, globular at the base and generally much more enlarged on
one side than on the other, clear green, dotted and veined with russet,
stained with fawn especially around the calyx and stem; flesh white,
fine, melting, a little gritty; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous,
delicately perfumed; first; Dec. to Feb.
=Marie Guisse. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:398, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 613. 1884.
Grown from seed of St. Germain in 1834, near Metz, Lorraine. Fruit
medium, obovate-oblong-pyriform, surface uneven, yellow, with shades
of red in the sun, and large, dull dark specks; flesh yellowish-white,
granular, melting, sweet, vinous; Dec. to Feb.
=Marie Henriette. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit small or medium,
globular; flesh granular, very juicy and sugary; first; Oct.
=Marie Jallais. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.
Obtained by Jules Buneau, 1868. Fruit medium, form variable; flesh
melting, juicy, very sugary and perfumed, of a sprightly flavor; first;
Oct. to Dec.
=Marie Louise Nova. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 400. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._
813. 1869.
Sent by Van Mons to Mr. Manning, and though in some seasons
very good, it cannot compare with Marie Louise. Fruit medium,
regular-acute-pyriform, yellow, with a brownish-red cheek; flesh at
first melting, juicy, but quickly decays; good; end of Sept.
=Marie Louise d'Uncle. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 1060, 1179. 1865. =2.=
Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 187. 1920.
Marie Louise d'Uncle is a seedling of Marie Louise raised by M.
Gambier, a neighbor and contemporary of Van Mons. It produced its first
fruits in 1846. Fruit rather large, pyriform, pale cinnamon-colored
russet, rather similar to Marie Louise; flesh very fine, very melting,
buttery, saccharine, very juicy and richly flavored; good to very good;
Sept. and Oct.
=Marie Mottin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit
large; flesh melting; first; Oct.
=Marie Parent. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:401, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 814. 1869.
Raised by Bivort, director of the nurseries of the Society Van Mons
at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Bel., from a seed bed formed in 1844 from seeds
of the last generation of Van Mons' seedlings. Fruit above medium,
oblong, more or less cylindrical and bossed, or turbinate, very much
swelled at the base and bossed at either extremity; skin fine ochre or
golden yellow, dotted and stained with russet, washed with brick-red
on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, fine, melting or semi-melting,
containing numerous small grits around the core, juicy, sugary, vinous,
perfumed; first; Oct., often till Dec.
=Marietta. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:484. 1913.
An oriental hybrid. Tree is said to be inclined to grow tall, with a
single main stem. Fruit light yellow, with red blush; Oct.
=Mariette de Millepieds. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:403, fig. 1869.
=2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 614. 1884.
A very late pear which came from the seed beds of Maurice Goubalt, a
nurseryman in the suburbs of Angers, Fr., fruiting after his death, in
1854. Fruit large, ovate, irregular and bossed or turbinate, slightly
obtuse, one side larger than the other, rough to the touch, rather
thick, yellowish-green, washed with dark russet on the cheek next the
sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, juicy and scented, refreshing,
sugary, acidulous, having an exquisite flavor; first; Mar. often till
May.
=Markbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:103. 1856.
Mid-Germany, 1797. Fruit fairly large, ventriculous, faint light green
turning to pale green, often blushed and dotted with greenish-gray
specks and marked with russet; flesh white, fairly soft, buttery,
melting, full of flavor; very good for the table and good for culinary
purposes; Dec. and Jan.
=Marksbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.
Thuringia, Ger., 1799. Fruit small, globular, flattened,
greenish-yellow, speckled with yellowish-gray and greenish dots; flesh
firm, breaking, juicy and acidulous; first for household; Sept.
=Marmion. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 814. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=3=:29, fig. 111. 1878.
According to the Bulletin of the Société Van Mons this was either
obtained or propagated by M. Bivort in Belgium. Fruit nearly medium,
turbinate, dull water-green, sprinkled with numerous and rather large
brown spots, the basic green passing at maturity to lemon-yellow
and warmly golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, rather fine,
breaking, fairly juicy, saccharine and sprightly; dessert; Sept.
=Marquise. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:221, Pl. XLIX. 1768. =2.=
Hogg _Fruit Man._ 614. 1884.
Of French origin. Merlet described it in 1675 in his _Abrégé des bons
fruits_. Fruit above medium, turbinate, globular in the lower part,
conic and slightly obtuse in the upper, bright green changing to
yellowish, with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun, thickly
covered with dots, which are green on the shaded side and brown or gray
on the other; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, full of sugary juice,
slightly acid and musky, and very delicate; a good dessert pear; Nov.
and Dec.
=Marquise de Bedman. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 814. 1869.
Foreign. Fruit medium or below, roundish-pyriform, pale
greenish-yellow, with a few traces and patches of russet and many green
and brown dots; flesh white, sweet, rather firm; good; Sept.
=Marsaneix. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:406, fig. 1869.
A cooking pear of no particular merit which originated at the market
town of Marsaneix, Department of Dordogne, Fr., and was cultivated on
the farms of that country in the middle of the eighteenth century.
Fruit small, globular, regular in form; skin rough, entirely russeted,
dotted with yellowish-gray; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking,
scented, gritty; juice abundant but deficient in sugar, insipid; second
and for cooking only; Jan. and Feb.
=Marshall. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 179. 1881.
Said to have originated on the farm of William Marshall, Cambridge, N.
Y., some years previous to 1881. Fruit medium, globular, inclining to
obtuse-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched with russet over nearly
the whole surface and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white,
semi-fine, juicy, semi-melting, slightly vinous and slightly aromatic;
very good; end of Sept.
=Marshall Wilder. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:407, fig. 1869. =2.=
_Horticulturist_ =27=:150. 1872.
Originated in the nurseries of M. Leroy at Angers, Fr., in 1866. Fruit
large, long-conic, very irregular, somewhat like Calebasse in form,
more or less bossed; skin rough, clear green slightly yellowish, dotted
with gray-russet, marbled with brown and scaly; flesh yellowish-white,
fine or semi-fine, juicy, very melting, sugary, deliciously perfumed
and refreshing; first; Oct. and Nov.
=Martha Ann. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:547. 1850.
A seedling raised by Francis Dana, Roxbury, Mass. Fruit medium or
below, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, yellowish-green, with patches and dots
of russet; flesh coarse, juicy, astringent; poor; Oct.
=Martin. 1.= _Kans. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 171. 1886.
Originated in Cowley, Kans., and reported as a new fruit and a
good substitute for the Vicar of Winkfield. Fruit medium to large,
oblate-pyriform, irregular, greenish changing to yellowish-white,
smooth; flesh firm, fine grained, buttery, juicy; fair; Jan.
=Martin-Sec. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:408, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 615. 1884.
_Trockener Martin._ =3.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 216, fig. 1913.
Hogg tells us that this and the Martin Sire are among the earliest
varieties known to have been grown in England, for they are mentioned
among the fruits delivered into the Treasury by the fruiterer of
Edward I in 1292. In 1530 Charles Estienne of Paris wrote of it as
being cultivated in France and affirmed the Pears of Saint Martin were
so named because their time of ripening coincided with the Festival
of that Saint. Again, in 1675 Merlet in his _Abrégé des bons fruits_
spoke of the Martin-Sec of Provins or of Champagne. Fruit medium or
above, long-pyriform-obtuse, regular in form, yellowish and russeted,
dotted with gray points and extensively washed with carmine on the face
exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, very breaking, rather
dry, but sweet and perfumed, very gritty when grafted on quince; third;
mid-Nov. to Feb.
=Martin-Sire. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:145, Pl. XIX, fig. 5.
1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:410, fig. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 615. 1884.
This pear, sometimes known as _Lord Martin Pear_, was grown in
England in the thirteenth century. By Claude Saint-Étienne in 1628 it
was mentioned under two of its most ancient names, Martin-Sire and
_Ronville_. In the eighteenth century Mayer in the _Pomona franconica_
said the name Martin-Sire which was the most generally recognized of
its many names originated from a former Lord of Ronville whose name was
Martin. Fruit medium, pyriform, obtuse and very regular; skin fine,
smooth and shining, bright green changing to a fine deep yellow, dotted
and marked with fawn, carmined on the side next the sun; flesh whitish,
semi-fine, breaking, fairly juicy, sweet, perfumed and often with an
after-taste of musk; more fit for stewing than dessert; Dec. to Feb.
=Marulis. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:388. 1843. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 397.
1854.
Foreign. Fruit small, globular, greenish-yellow; poor; Sept.
=Mary (Case). 1.= Downing. _Fr. Trees Am._ 815. 1869
Originated in the grounds of William Case, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit small
to medium, globular-pyriform, greenish-yellow, slight blush in the sun
and many minute brown dots; flesh white, juicy, almost buttery, sweet
and acid; very good; last of July.
=Mary= (Van Mons). =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:411, fig. 1869.
A seedling obtained by Van Mons, which gave its first fruit at Brussels
about the year 1818. Fruit medium and often above medium, ovate,
obtuse, rather regular but generally a little depressed on one side at
the calyx, yellow-ochre stained with fawn-brown around the stem and
sprinkled with light marblings and large dots of green and russet, very
numerous around the base; flesh whitish, very fine, melting; juice very
abundant, sugary, with a vinegary flavor both delicate and refreshing;
first; mid-Oct.
=Mascon Colmar. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:106. 1856.
Originated from seed at Nassau, Ger., 1825. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic,
distorted in form, light green turning yellowish-green at maturity,
free from any red blush, but much russeted and dotted; flesh white,
buttery, melting, juicy, full of flavor; good for dessert and culinary
purposes; Feb.
=Masselbacher Mostbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:193. 1856.
A perry pear. Württemberg, Ger., 1847. Fruit small, almost a sphere,
green turning to yellow, much covered with russet; flesh firm,
granular, acidulous; very good for perry and good for household use;
end of Sept. and early Oct.
=Masuret. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 374. 1908.
One of the best French perry pears suitable for commercial and amateur
growers; good for the production of sparkling perry; juice clear and
very full of perfume; end of Nov.
=Mather. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1856. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 815. 1869.
The Mather pear originated with John Mather, Jenkintown, Pa., from seed
planted by him about 1810. Fruit below medium, obovate, yellow, with
occasionally a red mottled cheek and russeted at the insertion of the
stem; flesh rather coarse, buttery, of delicate flavor and agreeable;
good; Aug.
=Mathilde. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:55. 1856.
A Van Mons seedling, 1852. Fruit medium, ovate, greenish changing
to greenish-yellow, blushed, and speckled with gray dots; flesh
semi-melting, granular, sweet, vinous; second for dessert, first for
kitchen and market purposes; end of Aug. for 14 days.
=Mathilde Gomand. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.
Published by Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium; skin russeted;
flesh melting; first; Jan.
=Mathilde Recq. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree
vigorous and fertile. Fruit, flesh fine, very saccharine and highly
perfumed; Nov.
=Mathilde de Rochefort. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree
vigorous, forming good pyramids. Fruit small, ovate, covered with
russet; flesh fine, melting, very juicy and sugary; Dec.
=Matou. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:414, fig. 1869.
A variety, known also as _Chat-Grillé_ and _Chat-Rôti_ in France
and which must not be confounded with the _Chat-Brûlé_, already
described, which ripens in December. Its origin is unknown. Fruit
medium, obtuse-pyriform and enlarged around central circumference,
golden-yellow, dotted and marbled with gray-russet, washed with carmine
on the face exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking,
watery, very granular at the center; juice rather abundant, rarely very
saccharine, astringent, almost devoid of perfume; third; mid-Aug.
=Matthews. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1903. =2.= _Hopedale Nurs.
Cat._ 17. 1913.
Brought from New Jersey about 1835 by a Mr. Chiever and planted at
Delavan, Ill. Tree long-lived, a late bearer. Fruit medium to large,
apple-shaped, green turning yellow, sweet, juicy; Oct. to Feb.
=Maud Hogg. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ =20=:30. 1871. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._
615. 1884.
Raised by John Mannington, Uckfield, in the Weald of Sussex, Eng.; bore
fruit in 1871 for the first time. Fruit above medium, oblong-obovate;
skin entirely covered with a crust of warm brown-russet like that of
the Beurré Gris, and has a slight orange glow on the side exposed to
the sun, very much like the Chaumontel, no yellow or ground color
visible; flesh yellowish-white, tender and buttery, very juicy, sweet,
richly flavored; a dessert pear of the first quality; Oct. to Dec.
=Maude. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.
A French perry pear abundantly cultivated in the Haute-Savoie, Fr.
Fruit medium, globular, grayish-green washed with red; flesh coarse,
remarkably juicy.
=Maurice Desportes. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:415, fig. 1869.
This came from the seed beds of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., and first
fruited in 1863. Fruit medium, oblong-conic, yellow, dotted with gray,
blushed on the sunny side; stem long, rather stout, continuous with the
fruit; calyx small, open, in a large cavity; flesh white, rather fine
and rather melting, slightly granular, juicy, sweet; first; Sept.
=Mausebirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:138. 1856.
Hanover, Ger., 1852. Fruit medium to large, variable in form,
distorted, bossed; skin fine, greenish turning to yellow when ripe,
almost entirely covered with cinnamon-russet, sprinkled with green
spots; flesh yellowish-white, sweet and scented with rose; first for
the table and kitchen use; Oct.
=Mayflower. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.
A seedling raised by Dr. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., which fruited
first in 1863. Fruit "short diameter 2-1/2 inches, long diameter 3
inches; flesh rather dry and firm; skin yellow, with red cheek; keeps
soundly without extra care until May. A most prolific bearer. Short
pyriform."
=Maynard. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 52. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 815. 1869.
Origin unknown but thought to have been first grown in Lancaster
County, Pa. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow with russet dots and
a crimson cheek; flesh white, juicy and sugary; moderately good; end of
July.
=Mayr frühzeitige Butterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:113.
1856.
Reported at Gratz, Styria, Austria, 1833. Fruit medium,
turbinate-pyriform, uniformly light yellow, slightly russeted on the
side next the sun, often with no russet; flesh white, soft, melting,
full of flavor, keeps well; first for dessert, good for culinary use
and market; Sept. and Oct.
=Max. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 73. 1895.
A seedling of Flemish Beauty grown in Ohio. Fruit medium,
globular-pyriform, yellow brightly blushed, flavor vinous, subacid;
good; Sept. in Ohio.
=Mecham. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 195. 1867.
A seedling pear reported from St. George, Utah, in 1867. Fruit very
large, bright green, ripens in Oct.
=Medaille d'Été. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.
On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit
large, ovate-pyramidal, lemon-yellow; flesh semi-breaking, very juicy,
highly perfumed; Aug.
=Medofka. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:292. 1894.
Russian. Fruit very small, conical, clear yellow; flesh very melting,
agreeable.
=Meissner Grossvatersbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:34. 1856.
Reported to be of Saxon origin, 1833. Fruit small, turbinate, almost
entirely covered with light brown-russet, and sprinkled with round red
spots; flesh juicy, semi-melting, having a strong aroma of cinnamon.
=Meissner Hirschbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:7. 1856.
Saxony, 1803. Fruit medium, conic, bossed, pale light green changing
at maturity to light lemon-yellow, often washed extensively with dark
blood-red, numerous reddish dots, scentless; flesh breaking, juicy,
aromatic; first for household and market; Aug.
=Meissner langstielige Feigenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=2=:167. 1856.
Saxony, 1805. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, ventriculous and flat,
crooked, somewhat uneven, light green changing to yellowish-green,
often blushed with dark red, without dots, marked with russet; flesh
yellowish-green white, coarse-grained, sweet, firm, breaking; third for
dessert, first for kitchen; Oct.
=Meissner Liebchensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:167. 1856.
German, chiefly found in Saxony. Fruit small,
globular-ventriculous-conic; skin shining, lemon-yellow, becoming
highly polished, strongly dotted with round red spots, often marked
with fine russet on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white,
coarse-grained, firm, breaking, wanting in juice; third for the table,
first for kitchen and market.
=Meissner Zwiebelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:34. 1856.
Saxony, 1833. Fruit small, globular, light yellow, speckled with
numerous fine russety spots; flesh often melting, with musky aroma,
fine-grained; first for table and very good for culinary purposes; end
of Aug. for three weeks.
=Mélanie Michelin. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:55, fig. 412. 1880.
Gained by M. Boisbunel, Junior, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium,
ovate-pyriform, even in contour; skin rather thick, whitish-green,
sprinkled with fairly numerous and rather large green spots, scarcely
visible and often absent altogether; when ripe the basic green
takes a more yellow tone on the side of the sun, and in the case of
well-exposed fruits is blushed with a very light rosy red; flesh
whitish, slightly tinted with green, tender, a little soft, melting,
full of sweet juice and delicately perfumed; good; mid-July.
=Mellish. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 815. 1869.
Fruit below medium, globular-pyriform, pale yellow, netted, patched and
dotted with russet; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant;
good to very good; Oct.
=Melon. 1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:77, Tab. 1. 1771. =2.= Leroy _Dict.
Pom._ =2=:417, fig. 1869.
Of Dutch origin; first described in the Pomology of Knoop in 1766.
Fruit medium, typically pyriform, slightly obtuse, regular in outline,
sometimes a little uneven and crooked, greenish-yellow when ripe
and more or less marked with black, or dark brown, stains, of poor
appearance; flesh delicate and gritty, rather succulent and savory but
having no particular flavor, not sprightly nor does it justify its
name; Aug. and Sept.
=Melon de Hellmann. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:83, fig. 330. 1880.
Grown by M. Hellmann, Meiningen, Ger. Fruit large, spherical, even in
outline, intense green passing to decided yellow when ripe and warmly
golden on the side of the sun, numerous dark green spots; flesh white,
coarse, semi-breaking; juice sugary, perfumed and agreeable; second,
good for cooking; Sept.
=Ménagère Sucrée de Van Mons. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:127, fig. 160.
1878.
A seedling of Van Mons who distributed it without name. Fruit medium,
conic-turbinate; skin thick, at first very clear green sprinkled with
gray dots, numerous, very small but clearly visible; towards maturity
the green changes to brilliant lemon-yellow and warmly golden on
the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-buttery and
distinctly perfumed with clove; Oct.
=Mendenhall. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 88. 1900.
Mentioned as one of the "newer" varieties of pears, having given its
first ripe specimens on July 5th, 1900. Fruit small, pyriform, yellow,
much better in quality than Early Harvest.
=Meresia Nevill. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 616. 1884.
A seedling of John Mannington, Uckfield, Sussex, Eng.; first fruited
in 1872. Fruit below medium, roundish-obovate or oval, even and
regular in outline, entirely covered with thick, dark-brown russet;
flesh semi-melting, crisp, juicy, sweet, with a rich vinous flavor; an
excellent dessert pear; Dec. and Jan.
=Merlet 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:418, fig. 1869.
Merlet came from the nurseries of M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr.; it fruited
first in 1861. Fruit medium, turbinate, slightly obtuse and bossed;
skin smooth, fine and shining, yellowish-green, delicately dotted with
gray; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine, melting, watery, granular around
the core; juice abundant and saccharine, refreshing and having a highly
delicate flavor; first; Aug.
=Merriam. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 524. 1857. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit
Cult._ 284. 1867.
Originated at Roxbury, Mass.; popular in Boston in 1867. Fruit large,
globular, somewhat flattened at base and crown, smooth, rich yellow,
covered with pale russet around the stem and calyx, and netted with
russet all over; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, melting, juicy,
sugary, perfumed, very good; Sept. and Oct.
=Méruault. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:184, fig. 576. 1881.
Obtained by M. Pariset from a seed bed of the Easter Beurré made in
1856. Fruit medium, ovate, shortened and thick, water-green sown with
dots of fawn-brown, more often almost wholly covered with russet
of fawn color; on ripening the basic green changes to an intense
lemon-yellow, the russet clears, and the side next the sun becomes
golden; flesh whitish, fine, buttery, melting, without grit; juice
abundant, rich in sugar, delicately perfumed with musk; first;
throughout winter.
=Merveille de Moringen. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.
Originated in the environs of Moringen, Ger., where it is very well
thought of. Tree large, very fertile, resisted the phenomenal frost of
1879-1880 in Europe. Fruit small, turbinate, a beautiful lemon-yellow;
flesh breaking; for cooking; Oct.
=Messire Jean. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:173, Pl. XXVI. 1768.
=2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 616. 1884.
Of ancient and untraceable origin, but mentioned by Venette, Rochelle,
Fr., in 1678 and 1683. Fruit medium, turbinate, sometimes slightly
obovate, surface slightly bossed; skin rough, thick, dark green,
passing to buff, washed with dark red on the side of the sun, strewed
with speckles of darker russet; flesh white, slightly tinged with
lemon, rather fine, breaking, juicy, richly saccharine, perfumed,
sprightly; good, either for dessert or kitchen use; Nov. and Dec.
=Messire Jean Goubault. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:422, fig. 1869.
This variety dates from 1847 and came from a seed bed of M. Goubault,
Angers, Fr. Fruit large or medium, turbinate, more or less globular,
often irregular, bossed and much larger on one side than on the other;
skin fine and wrinkled and entirely reddened and dotted with large
grayish spots; flesh whitish, coarse, semi-melting, always doughy and
containing some grit around the core; juice rather scanty, sugary,
tart, slightly perfumed and very agreeable; second; Nov.
=Michaelmas Nelis. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =30=:272, fig. 82. 1901.
=2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 188. 1920.
A seedling from Winter Nelis, which Messrs. Bunyard, nurserymen,
Maidstone, Eng., found by chance in a cottage garden, and sent out
in 1901. It was given an award of merit at a meeting of the Fruit
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in October, 1902. Fruit
medium, pyriform, very shapely, light greenish skin, somewhat russety;
flesh white, melting, very little grit, juicy and of delicious flavor;
end of Sept.
=Michaux. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:45. 1840. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 239.
1854.
Origin not clear but R. Manning, Salem, Mass., stated that he
had received it from a town in Alsace, Fr. Fruit medium, nearly
globular-pyriform, light yellowish-green changing to yellow, with a
slight blush of red; flesh white, coarse, semi-buttery, juicy, sweet;
second; Sept. and Oct.
=Mignonne d'Été. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
Obtained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., and placed in commerce in 1874.
Fruit medium to large, like Calebasse in form; skin glossy and yellow,
finely dotted and streaked with gray-russet; flesh fine and melting;
Aug.
=Mignonne d'Hiver. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 816. 1869.
An old Belgian variety. Fruit medium, obovate to oblong-ovate-pyriform,
light yellow, mostly covered with thick, rough russet, and veined with
crimson and fawn; flesh yellowish, rather granular, juicy, melting,
sweet, vinous, aromatic; good; Nov. and Dec.
=Mikado. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 115. 1876. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._
=332=:449, 484. 1913.
Among the most successful importers of oriental plants was Freiherr V.
Siebold who maintained a nursery and botanic garden in Leyden, Holland,
during the first half of the nineteenth century. Of the pears imported
by him, Mikado was one. This was procured from Von Siebold's nursery
in 1873 by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine. Fruit rather large,
globular-ovoid; skin rough to the touch, yellowish-olive, dotted with
gray specks; flesh white, fine, breaking, rather juicy, perfumed, with
a pronounced quince flavor, subacid; poor, uneatable raw; end of Sept.
=Milan d'Hiver. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:424, fig. 1869.
A very old pear described in 1675 by Merlet, the French pomologist.
Fruit large, globular-turbinate, usually mammillate at the summit and
very regular; skin thick and rough to the touch, gray-russet, sprinkled
around the stalk with large whitish-gray dots; flesh yellowish, fine,
semi-melting, granular at the core; juice rarely plentiful, only
slightly saccharine, acidulous, feebly aromatic; third; Nov. to Jan.
=Milan de Rouen. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:425, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 617. 1884.
Gained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr.; distributed in 1859. Fruit medium,
globular, a little conic toward the summit, slightly bossed and one
side less swelled than the other; skin thick, dull yellow, dotted and
streaked with fawn, much stained with gray around the stem; flesh
yellowish, semi-fine, and semi-melting, juicy, rather granular at the
core, sugary; juice aromatic, often spoiled by an unpleasant acerbity;
second; end of Aug.
=Miller. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:426, fig. 1869.
Raised from seed by André Leroy; first reported in 1864. Fruit medium
and sometimes larger; in form it passes from rounded conic to globular,
slightly flattened especially at the base; skin rough to touch,
bronzed all over, dotted with russet, and dotted and mottled with
greenish-yellow; flesh white, fine, melting, a little granular at the
core, juicy, sugary, sourish, with a delicious aroma; first; Oct.
=Millot de Nancy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:427, fig. 1867.
Produced in the nurseries of Van Mons at Louvain; first reported in
1843. Fruit medium, ovate, very obtuse, more or less regular and
bossed, often rather globular, yellow-ochre dotted with gray-russet,
mottled with olive-brown, sometimes washed with clear fawn on the cheek
exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting,
gritty at the center; juice rarely abundant, but very saccharine,
aromatic and full of flavor, sometimes a little too acid; second; Oct.
=Milner. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:181. 1908.
Cataloged by Silas Wharton in 1824 under the name of _Milner's
Favorite_. Fruit small, pyriform; good.
=Mima Wilder. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 152. 1874. =2.= _Ibid._ 120.
1875.
A seedling of Colonel Wilder, in a collection of new pears shown by
him in 1874. In November of the following year it was found to have
retained its previous good quality.
=Ministre Bara. 1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 49. 1892. =2.= _Guide Prat._
96. 1895.
A gain of Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. It was exhibited by P. J. Berckmans
of Augusta, Georgia, before the Georgia State Horticultural Society in
1892 and 1893.
=Ministre Pirmez. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
Published by Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium to large; flesh
melting; first; Jan. and Feb.
=Ministre Viger. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 113. 1901.
Raised by Messrs. Baltet of Troyes, Fr., from seed of the Pierre
Tourasse. It was much noticed at the International Exhibition at Paris
in 1900. Fruit large, turbinate, bossed, tender yellow clouded with
ochre, washed with rosy gray and salmon on the side next the sun,
with speckles of fawn; flesh fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine,
with perfume noticeable on the skin, and flavor recalling that of the
Duchesse d'Angoulême; mid-Dec. to mid-Jan.
=Minot Jean Marie. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.
A seedling of Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit large, pyriform,
shortened, covered with russet on a yellow foundation; flesh yellowish,
breaking, very juicy, sugary; first; Dec. to Feb.
=Missile d'Hiver. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 169. 1841.
A foreign variety recommended by M. Dalbret and M. Jamin, well known
pomologists. Fruit large, buttery, valuable according to M. Jamin; Nov.
and Dec.
=Mission. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 73. 1895.
Originated at the old mission near Capistrano, California. Fruit
medium, acutely pyriform, long, yellow, nearly covered with russet;
flesh very fine and buttery; very mild or sweet; ripe in Sept. in
southern California.
=Mr. Hill's Pear. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 132, Pl. LXIII, figs. 2, 4. 1729.
Mentioned by Batty Langley, Twickenham, Eng., as bearing two crops in
the year. Fruit rather small, obtuse-pyriform, usually distorted at the
upper end, grows in clusters; in 1727 the first crop matured on Aug.
24, and the second crop on Oct. 1.
=Mitchell Russet. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 525. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._
817. 1869.
Originated at Belleville, Ill. Fruit medium or small, obovate inclining
to conic; skin rough, dark russet, thickly covered with gray dots;
flesh juicy, melting, rich and highly perfumed, astringent; scarcely
good; Oct.
=Mitschurin. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:292. 1894.
Probably Russian. Fruit very large; a good kitchen fruit; mid-season.
=Moccas. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 717. 1841. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 617. 1884.
Raised from seed by Thomas Andrew Knight, Downton Castle, Eng. Fruit
medium, oval, uneven, and bossed in outline, lemon-colored, marked with
patches and veins of thin pale brown-russet and strewed with russet
dots; flesh yellowish, fine, melting, tender, full of rich vinous
juice, musky in flavor; a delicious dessert pear.
=Mollet Guernsey Beurré. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 36, 85. 1842.
Raised from seed by Charles Mollet of Guernsey, Channel Islands, who
died in 1819. Fruit medium, obovate or somewhat pyramidal, with a
remarkable fleshy extension of about 1/2 inch at the insertion of the
stalk, surface of the pear uneven, yellow, but much obscured with
ferruginous russet, sometimes equally scattered, but often disposed in
broad, longitudinal stripes; flesh yellowish, very melting, buttery,
with a rich Chaumontel flavor though distinct; Dec.
=Monarch. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 312. 1866. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy
Fr._ 188. 1920.
_Knight Monarch._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 796. 1869.
Raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Downton Castle, Eng., in 1830. Bunyard
says: "Tree easily recognized in winter by its very large oval buds,
which stand out like those of a red currant." Fruit medium, globular,
yellowish-green, much covered with brown-russet and strewed with
gray-russet specks; flesh yellowish, buttery, melting and very juicy,
with a rich, vinous, sugary, and agreeably-perfumed flavor; first, one
of the most valuable; Dec. and Jan.
=Monchallard. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:429, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard
_Handb. Hardy Fr._ 189. 1920.
Found about 1810 by M. Monchallard at Valeuil, Dordogne, Fr. Fruit
above medium to large, long-obovate, very obtuse; skin delicate,
yellow, clear and dull, speckled uniformly with greenish dots and often
washed with dark red on the cheek next the sun; flesh very white, fine
or semi-fine, extremely melting, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, slightly
aromatic and of delicious flavor; first; end of Aug. and Sept.
=Mongolian. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 215. 1896. =2.= _Cornell Sta.
Bul._ =332=:482. 1913.
Considered by Budd of Iowa to be the best of the oriental varieties yet
tested in this country. Obtained from seed at Ames, Iowa. Fruit medium
to large, globular-oval, narrowing at both ends, with its greatest
diameter near the middle, similar to Kieffer in shape, inclined to
ridging near the apex, greenish, with blushed cheeks and russet dots;
flesh tender, melting, juicy; good when ripened indoors.
=Monseigneur Affre. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom_. =2=:430, fig. 1869. =2.=
Hogg _Fruit Man._ 618. 1884.
Raised by Van Mons though the tree did not produce fruit until
1845, three years after his death. Fruit medium, form variable,
globular-obtuse-truncate, pyriform, greenish-yellow; flesh white,
reddish under the skin, very melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous,
aromatic, with a fine flavor; first; Nov.
=Monseigneur des Hons. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:431, fig. 1869.
M. Gibey-Lorne, Troyes, Fr., raised this pear from seed in 1856.
Fruit below medium and often small, usually turbinate, rather long
and obtuse, but sometimes cylindrical and bossed, olive-green dotted
with russet on the shaded side, golden on the exposed face, sometimes
blushed with carmine; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting; juice
abundant, saccharine, acidulous, aromatic; second; end of Aug.
=Monseigneur Sibour. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:432, fig. 1869. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 817. 1869.
Originated at Jodoigne, Bel., from a bed made by Xavier Grégoire; it
dates from 1855. Fruit above medium but often less, ovate, swelled in
its lower half, yellowish-green, dotted, marbled and streaked with
gray-russet and more or less washed with brown-fawn on the side of the
sun; flesh whitish, rather coarse, semi-melting, juicy, containing
numerous grits around the core; juice saccharine, vinous and aromatic;
second; end of Oct.
=Moon. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:183. 1908.
Cultivated by Silas Wharton in 1824. Its synonyms, _Moon's Pound_, and
_Pound, Moon's_, are significant of its size. Fruit described by Ragan
as medium sized, yellow; flesh melting, juicy; good; late.
=Moorcroft. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 619. 1884.
Often called in England the _Malvern_ pear, being much grown about that
place; esteemed for perry. Fruit small, globular, even and regular
in outline, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and with a brownish
tinge on the side next the sun, strewed all over with large ashy gray
freckles of russet; flesh breaking.
=Moorfowl Egg. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 361. 1831.
_Muirfowl Egg._ =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 619. 1884.
An old Scotch dessert pear partaking somewhat of the character of
Swan Egg. Fruit below medium, globular, dull green changing to
yellow-green, mottled with red next the sun, and thickly strewed with
pale brown-russety dots; flesh yellowish, semi-buttery, tender, sweet
and with a slight perfume; Oct.
=Morel. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =21=:151. 1855. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=2=:434, fig. 1869.
Propagated by Alexandre Bivort, successor of Van Mons, and can be
traced earlier than 1843. Fruit below medium or small, ovate, sensibly
hexagonal, flattened at either extremity, and one side usually more
enlarged than the other, yellowish-green, dotted and marbled with
russet; flesh yellowish, fine, breaking, rather granular at the center;
juice abundant, wanting in sweetness, insipid and of a very unpleasant
astringency; second, but good only for cooking; Apr.
=Morgan. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =14=:250, fig. 1859. =2.= _Mag. Hort._
=25=:541. 1859.
Originated on the farm of a Mr. Morgan in New Hanover County,
North Carolina. Fruit large, oblate varying to obtuse-pyriform,
greenish-yellow, speckled with gray-russet intermingled with some
tracery of the same; flesh white, a little gritty, juicy, sweet,
slightly vinous; very good, nearly best; Oct.
=Morley. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.
Mentioned in Parkinson's list of orchard pears as a "very good peare,
like in forme and colour unto the Windsor but somewhat grayer."
=Morosovskaja. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1880.
Mentioned in a paper read by Mr. J. L. Budd before the Horticultural
Society of Iowa in 1880. It is a Russian variety, having gritty,
thorn-like wood.
=Moskovka. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:184. 1908.
A Russian variety said to be largely grown for cooking. Fruit small,
pyriform, juicy; early season.
=Mostbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:173. 1856.
Nassau, Ger., 1802. Fruit medium, pyriform, sides rather unequal,
whitish-yellow skin changing to lemon-yellow, without any blush, dotted
indistinctly, russeted; flesh yellow, breaking, coarse-grained, juicy,
aromatic, sweet; third for dessert, but first for cooking and perry;
Sept. and Oct.
=Moyamensing. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:274. 1847. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 818. 1869.
Supposed to be a native. The original tree stood in 1847 in the garden
of J. B. Smith of Philadelphia. Fruit medium, variable in form, some
globular, others obovate, uniform light yellow, with patches and dots
of russet; flesh whitish, buttery, melting, coarse, sweet; with a rich,
spicy and delicious flavor; good to best; Aug. and Sept.
=Mrs. Seden. 1.= _Garden_ =76=:36, figs. 1912.
A cross between Seckel and Bergamotte Espéren; exhibited by James
Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, Eng., before the Royal Horticultural Society
in January, 1912, and received an award of merit. Fruit small, round,
yellow, toning to a bright crimson on the sunny side; flesh is free
from the grittiness which sometimes characterizes the fruits of
Bergamotte Espéren; the flavor is remarkably fine; Jan.
=Muddy Brook. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1866.
A seedling from S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass., which fruited in
1862. Fruit diameter 2-1/4 inches, short pyriform; skin dark green;
flesh white, melting and juicy, with good flavor; great bearer and good
market pear; Sept.
=Muir Everbearing. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.
Originated with Hal Muir, Bloomfield, Ky., about 1870. Reported as
"delicious; August to November."
=Mungo Park. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:160, 1856. =2.= _Guide
Prat._ 100. 1876.
A seedling of Van Mons named after the celebrated Scotch voyager. Fruit
small, turbinate-pyriform or globular-ovate, very pale green sprinkled
with fawn dots, very small, numerous, and feebly visible, the basic
green passing at maturity to pale whitish-yellow and becoming a little
golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, free
from grit, full of sugary juice, sprightly and agreeably perfumed;
first; Oct.
=Munz Apothekerbirne. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =30=:370. 1891.
Presumably German. A medium-sized pear, obovate, oblong, with a stalk
rather more than an inch long, continuous with the fruit, yellowish;
flesh white; of good flavor; Aug.
=Muscadine. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =1=:364. 1835. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 818. 1869.
The original tree is supposed to have grown on the farm of a Dr. Fowler
near Newburgh, N. Y., and the pear was introduced to notice by Downing.
Fruit medium, globular-obovate, regular in form, pale yellowish-green,
thickly sprinkled with brown dots; flesh white, buttery, semi-melting,
with an agreeable rich, musky flavor; good to very good, a valuable
late summer variety; end of Aug. and beginning of Sept.
=Muscat Allemand d'Automne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:437, fig. 1869.
=2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 256. 1889.
Found in the Horticultural Society's Garden at Angers, Fr., in
1833. Its origin is uncertain but the name indicates that it came
from Germany. Fruit medium and sometimes below, rather variable in
form, from long-pyriform, slightly obtuse and regular in contour, to
irregular-ovate and strongly bossed, somber yellow, dotted with clear
gray, extensively washed with russet, and vermilioned on the side
exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, rather granular,
watery; juice abundant and saccharine, vinous, musky and almost always
marred by too great an acidity; second; Oct.
=Muscat Fleuri d'Été. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:121. 1768. =2.=
Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:441, fig. 1869.
Known at Orléans at the end of the sixteenth century under the name
_Muscat à longue queue_. Fruit small, globular-turbinate or
turbinate slightly ovate, olive-yellow finely dotted with fawn and
washed with red-brown on the cheek next the sun; flesh yellowish,
coarse, semi-breaking, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, musky; second; end
of July.
=Muscat Robert. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:120, Pl. II. 1768.
=2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 818. 1869.
This pear was mentioned by Le Lectier in 1628 and by la Quintinye in
1690 under the name of _Pucelle de Saintonge_. Its name of Muscat
Robert dates from about 1672 and Merlet wrote of it in 1675 as the
_Amber Pear_ or Muscat Robert. It has also been widely known as the
_Amber Pear_. Fruit small, globular, very round in all its lower
part but slightly conic at its other extremity where it is a little
wrinkled, yellowish-green, finely and uniformly dotted with olive-brown
and sometimes rather carmined on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh
whitish, semi-fine, breaking or semi-breaking, inclined to rot before
ripe, granular, very juicy, sugary, very musky; second; mid-July.
=Muscat Royal. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:120. 1768. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:444, fig. 1869.
An old French pear growing in kitchen garden at Versailles planted
about 1670 by La Quintinye for Louis XIV. It was then called _Muscat
fleuri d'Autumne_ or _Muscat à longue queue_, on account of its long
stem. Fruit small, globular in its lower half but somewhat conic-obtuse
in its upper half; skin fine, grayish-yellow, dotted with clear brown
and partly covered with russet which often passes into brownish-red
of a somber hue on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine,
melting or semi-melting, watery, rather granular round the seeds; juice
abundant, very saccharine, more or less acid and having a pleasant
flavor; second; Sept.
=Muscat Royal de Mayer. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:225, fig. 111. 1866-73.
This is the Muscat Royal described by the German Mayer in his _Pomona
Franconia_, 1779, and by Diel in 1804, and must not be confused with
the Muscat Royal of Duhamel. Fruit small or nearly medium on a pruned
tree, globular-turbinate, largest circumference around the middle, very
obtuse; skin thick, green, covered with a sort of white bloom which
dulls it, sprinkled with numerous round, whitish-gray dots, especially
apparent on the side next the sun where they are nearly white; at
maturity the green brightens somewhat; by the time it becomes yellow
the fruit is already over ripe; flesh greenish, coarse, gritty at the
core, semi-buttery, fairly full of sugary juice, with an agreeable
musky flavor; third, should be eaten promptly on ripening; end of July.
=Muscat Roye. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:134. 1831.
Fruit small, oblong; skin rough to the touch, yellowish-green on the
shaded side, and of a "pleasant red" next the sun; flesh breaking and
perfumed; end of Aug.
=Muscatelle. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:448, fig. 1869.
One of the last gains of Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., who died
in 1847. Fruit small, nearly globular or globular-conic, at first
water-green dotted with numerous round points brown in color, changing
to lemon-yellow; flesh yellowish, transparent, semi- or nearly melting,
full of sugary juice strongly scented with musk; first; Feb. and Mar.
=Musette d'Anjou. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:446, fig. 1869.
Claude Saint-Étienne wrote of this pear briefly in 1687, being the
first writer to mention it. Probably it originated in the old province
of Anjou. Its name and form recall the rural bag-pipes which the Breton
country folk play, and dance to. Fruit below medium, very elongated,
flattened at its extremities, constricted at the middle, the upper
part being often bent so as to make it resemble the musical instrument
after which it is named, lemon-yellow or yellow-ochre, dotted uniformly
with gray and brown points; flesh white, coarse and breaking, watery
and gritty; juice sufficient, rarely very saccharine, more or less
astringent, slightly perfumed, and with a disagreeable after-taste;
third; Sept.
=Musette de Nancy. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 621. 1884.
Fruit large, pyramidal and handsome, with an uneven and undulating
outline, shaped like Beurré de Rance, lemon-yellow covered with a
fine, warm, orange-brown or bright cinnamon-colored russet; flesh
yellowish-white, rather crisp like the texture of Passe Colmar; juice
abundant, rich, saccharine and very finely perfumed; first; end of Oct.
and beginning of Nov.
=Muskateller-Bergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:21. 1856.
Origin uncertain, probably German. Fruit small, globular, light
grass-green changing to yellowish-green, uniform in color, washed with
brown on the side exposed to the sun, strongly dotted with brown; flesh
melting, extremely musky; first for the table; Oct.
=Muskingum. 1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 153. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 819. 1869.
Origin uncertain, but probably either Ohio or Connecticut is its native
habitat. Fruit medium, globular to obovate, greenish-yellow, with dark
specks and much russet; flesh breaking, yellow-white, with many dark
specks and much russet, juicy, sprightly, vinous, pleasantly perfumed,
aromatic flavor; good; middle and last of Aug.
=Muskirte Wintereirbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 508. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl
_Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:57. 1856.
A Dutch variety, published in 1801. Fruit small, ovate, medium
ventriculous; skin fine and smooth, light straw-yellow changing to
a waxy lemon-yellow and often washed with a golden blush; flesh
semi-breaking, sweet, having a musky aroma; second for dessert, first
for household; Dec. to Feb.
=Musquée d'Espéren. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:448, fig. 1869.
A seedling of Major Espéren; probably first reported in 1845. Fruit
medium, variable in form, passing from ovate rounded at each end to
ovate nearly cylindrical and more or less bossed; greenish-yellow,
dotted and streaked with russet; flesh whitish, fine, breaking,
perfumed; juice very abundant, saccharine, acidulous and very musky in
flavor and agreeable; first; beginning of Feb. and through Mar.
=Mussette. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:169. 1856.
A Normandy perry pear. Fruit medium, rather long-pyriform; skin a dirty
greenish-yellow changing to brown-green; flesh gritty, juicy, sweet,
sharp and vinous; good for household use, first class for perry; end of
Oct.
=Mützchensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.
German, 1807. Fruit small, in clusters, short-turbinate, upper end
flat, greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon and dotted; flesh
whitish-yellow, tender, sweet, vinous; third for dessert, first for
culinary use; Oct.
=Naegelgesbirn. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 80. 1876.
A Rhenish-Prussian perry pear which is exceedingly prolific but
produces a perry of inferior quality.
=Nain Vert. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 914. 1860. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=2=:450, fig. 1869. =3.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =32=:256. 1896.
This strange variety was obtained from seed by M. de Nerbonne, in the
commune of Huillé (Maine-et-Loire), Fr., and first fruited in 1839.
The tree forms a bush between 3 and 4 feet high; it is remarkable for
its dwarf habit, and its erect, thick, fleshy branches, Fruit medium
and sometimes larger, globular, irregular, but variable in form; skin
thin, slightly rough, yellowish-green, uniformly covered with large
gray-russet dots; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, rather dry;
juice deficient, sugary, sweet, almost without perfume; third; Oct.
=Napa. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 68. 1895.
Originated in California and was introduced by Leonard Coates in 1886.
Fruit very large, mid-season.
=Naples. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:451, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 621. 1884.
This old variety known in France for many centuries and described
by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670 was also known as the _Feuille de
chêne_ or _Oak leaf_. Its name indicates that it came from Italy.
Henri Manger said in 1780 that it appeared to him to be identical
with the pear _Picentia_ described by Pliny. Fruit medium and often
less, turbinate-obtuse much swelled at central circumference, and more
or less bossed at both extremities, olive-yellow or bright green at
first, changing to a beautiful lemon-yellow, finely dotted with fawn,
brownish-red next the sun, changing to bright red as the ground color
changes; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-breaking, almost free from
grit; juice plentiful, sweet and sugary, possessing usually a slight
after-taste of anis; second; Jan. to Mar.
=Napoleon. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 819. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb.
Hardy Fr._ 189. 1920.
_Napoleon I._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:453, fig. 1869.
_Napoleon Butterbirne._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 257. 1889.
Napoleon was raised in 1808 by M. Liard, a gardener at Mons, Bel. Fruit
large, obtuse-pyriform, swelled toward the base; skin thin, smooth,
bright green changing to greenish-yellow, covered with numerous brown
dots, seldom blushed; flesh white and fine, tender, melting, rather
granular, very juicy, with a very saccharine, refreshing and aromatic
flavor; first, a valuable dessert pear; mid-Oct. or nearly Nov. to Dec.
=Napoleon Savinien. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:71, fig. 1856. =2.=
Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 819. 1869.
Obtained in the garden of the Society Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy,
Bel., in 1854. Fruit medium, turbinate-ventriculous or
pyriform-ventriculous, acute at the top which passes into the stalk;
greenish-yellow, dotted with gray-russet; flesh white, semi-fine,
melting, juicy and perfumed, saccharine; juice musky, delicate; Oct. to
Mar.; the long period of its ripening is its very valuable quality.
=Napoleon III. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:457, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 622. 1884.
The seedling which bore this beautiful fruit came from the seed beds
of André Leroy. It was first reported in 1864. Fruit large, obovate,
obtuse, uneven, deep yellow, dotted and streaked with russet, and
marked with numerous brownish stains; flesh white, fine, juicy and
vinous, saccharine, tastes sourish; an excellent pear, first; Sept.
=Naquette. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:109, fig. 53. 1866-73.
Under the name Naquette this pear was described by Claude Saint-Étienne
in 1670. After that time it appears to have been classed in the Caillot
family with the name _Caillot_. Later still it received among other
names that of _Bergamot Early_ (Lindley) and _Bergamote Précoce_
(Calvel). Fruit medium or smaller, spherical, flattened at both poles;
skin thin, smooth, grass-green dotted with fawn, when ripe clouded with
yellow on the shaded side and washed or streaked with red on the cheek
next the sun; flesh white, rather transparent, fine, melting, full of
sugary juice, acidulous, pleasantly perfumed, very delicate; first;
mid-Aug.
=Nassau Ehre. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:47. 1856.
Belgian, 1823. Fruit medium, pyriform, blushed, somewhat streaked
with vermilion, slightly russeted; flesh semi-breaking, fine,
cinnamon-flavored, sweet; second for dessert, first for household use;
end of Aug.
=Naudin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
Published in the _Revue Horticole_, Fr., in 1869. Fruit medium,
long-pyriform, grass-green stained with gray; flesh extremely melting,
very juicy, pleasantly relieved with a fresh savor; first; Aug. to Oct.
=Naumkeag. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 149. 1841.
Originated at Salem, Mass., by George Johonnot; derives its name from
the old Indian name of Salem. Fruit medium, globular, yellow-russet;
flesh juicy, melting but rather astringent in flavor; good; Oct.
=Navez Peintre. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884.
Received by Hogg, the English pomologist, from M. Papeleu,
Wetteren, Bel., in 1857. Fruit medium, ovate, even and regular in
form, yellowish-green on the shaded side and marked with bands of
brown-russet, but with a blush of brownish-red next the sun; flesh
yellowish, melting, very juicy, piquant and sugary, with a fine aroma;
a very fine pear; end of Sept.
=Neapolitan. 1.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =2=:Pl. 72. 1823.
Described by Brookshaw in 1823 as a valuable acquisition to English
collections. Fruit thin-skinned, green changing to yellow when quite
ripe, rich in flavor, and so juicy that it cannot be pared without a
considerable quantity of the juice running from it; Nov.
=Nec Plus Meuris. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884. =2.= Bunyard _Handb.
Hardy Fr._ 189. 1920.
This is not the Nec Plus Meuris of France which is our Beurré
d'Anjou. The origin is uncertain. Fruit small, round-oval, uneven,
greenish-yellow, nearly covered with rough brown-russet; stem very
short, stout, continuous with the fruit; calyx large, open, in a small
basin; flesh pale, yellow, melting, deliciously perfumed; Feb. and Mar.
=Nectarine. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884.
Fruit medium, globular-obovate, yellow covered with large dots and
patches of pale brown-russet; flesh yellowish, buttery, rich, with a
fine, brisk, acidulous flavor and agreeable aroma; first-rate, with a
good deal of the character of the Passe Colmar; Oct.
=Negley. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:267, 397. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 820. 1869.
Introduced in 1860 by J. S. Negley, Pittsburg, Pa. Fruit above medium,
obtusely obovate, nearly regular, sometimes a perfect pyriform, rich
lemon shaded with bright crimson in the sun, sprinkled with minute
brown-russet dots; flesh white, a little coarse, moderately melting,
juicy, richly saccharine, vinous, slightly aromatic; good to very good;
Sept.
=New Bridge. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:204. 1832.
Described in the London Horticultural Society's catalog in 1832 as
having been produced in the Horticultural Garden at Chiswick. Fruit
below medium, turbinate, dull gray covered with thin gray-russet, and
light, lively, shining brown on the sunny side; flesh melting, a little
gritty, with a sugary juice, but without flavor; Oct.
=New Haven. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =3=:327. 1837.
A seedling raised in the garden of Dr. Ives, New Haven, Conn. It was
said to partake of the habit of White Doyenné, to be a good cropper,
and of excellent quality.
=New Meadow. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 623. 1884.
A perry pear, grown in Herefordshire, England. Fruit very small,
turbinate, covered with brownish-gray russet, and a brownish cheek next
the sun.
=Newhall. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 37. 1867. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 820. 1869.
A seedling of F. and L. Clapp, exhibited before the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society in 1867. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, inclining
to oval, surface rather uneven, yellow at maturity, with some traces of
russet, occasionally blushed on the side next the sun; flesh melting,
buttery, tender, very juicy, sweet, with a musky aroma; very good; Oct.
=Newtown. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 820. 1869.
Originated at Newtown, Long Island. Fruit medium, globular-obovate,
lemon-yellow, netted and patched with russet; flesh whitish, rather
coarse, semi-melting, sweet, and pleasant; good; Sept.
=Nicholas. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 10. 1869.
A seedling shown by Messrs. F. and L. Clapp in November, 1869. Fruit
medium, obovate; skin thin, yellow; very juicy and highly flavored.
=Nickerson. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 820. 1869.
Originated from seed planted at Readfield, Me. Fruit large,
oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with a dull red cheek on the side
next the sun; flesh white, juicy, melting, vinous, sweet; good; Oct.
=Nicolas Eischen. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
Reported in 1876 by Messrs. Simon-Louis as on trial in their nurseries
at Metz, Lorraine. It was said to be a beautiful fruit, speckled and
very musky like the Bartlett, but more perfumed; Dec. to Feb.
=Niell d'Hiver. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:189. 1908.
Shown at a meeting of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society in 1855. A
late variety, acid in flavor.
=Nikitaer Grüne Herbst-Apothekerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=2=:182. 1856.
_Bon-Chrétien de Nikita._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 282. 1895.
German, published 1852. Fruit medium, conic, light green changing to
light green-yellow, without any blush, numerous fine dots, russeted on
the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish-white, sweet, vinous; first for
household purposes; Oct., eight weeks.
=Niles. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:76. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._
821. 1869.
This variety was imported from France about 1850 by the Hon. J. M.
Niles, Hartford, Conn., without a name. It was consequently designated
"Niles." Some pomologists have considered it to be the Easter Beurré,
but it appears to be more oblong in form, more yellow in color, to
have a longer stem and to be earlier in time of maturity. Fruit large,
obtuse-pyriform, yellow thickly covered with russet dots; flesh juicy,
buttery, sweet and pleasant; Dec.
=Niochi de Parma. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
A summer variety highly esteemed in Piedmont, Italy. It is suitable
for cultivation on a large scale and is hardy, having resisted the
phenomenal European frost of 1879-1880.
=Noir Grain. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 180. 1832.
A variety very highly esteemed in Flanders in the early part of the
last century. Fruit is of medium size and matures in Sept., the flesh
being buttery as is indicated by its synonym _Beurré noire graine_.
=Noire d'Alagier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.
A Caucasian variety sent out by M. Niemetz, Winnitsa, Podolia, Russia.
On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. The fruit
is said to resemble Winter Nelis, gray, bronze-russeted, rough; flesh
fine, juicy.
=Nonpareil. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 821. 1869.
A seedling raised by Judge Livingston, of New York. Fruit
globular-oblate, russety-yellow, mostly overspread and shaded with
red in sun, and bright fawn-russet in shade; flesh yellowish-white,
melting, juicy, sweet, perfumed; Nov.
=Nordhäuser Winter-Forellenbirne. 1.= _Deutschland Obst._ =2=:Pt. 6,
Pl. 1906.
A North German variety of the Forelle or Trout Pear. It is known as the
_Winter Forelle_ or _Northern Forelle_. Fruit medium, conic-obtuse;
skin smooth and shining, greenish-yellow, speckled and washed with red
on the side next the sun, dotted all over on the shaded face with fine
brownish-red; flesh white, melting, sweet, aromatic and agreeable; Jan.
to Mar.
=Norfolk County. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.
A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass., and submitted
by him to the Fruit Committee of the Horticultural Society of that
state in 1866. Fruit, long diameter 3-3/4 inches, short diameter 3-1/4
inches, long turbinate, green with dots, good grain, juicy, with
pleasant flavor, ripens well, a handsome fruit and large bearer; Oct.
11.
=Normännische Ciderbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 168, fig. 1913.
This pear was found growing wild in Normandy, Fr., and in Upper
Austria, and is excellent for making perry and for distillation. Fruit
very small, turbinate, greenish-yellow covered with cinnamon-russet and
ashy-gray dots; flesh yellowish-white, rather dry, sweet but with some
sprightliness; Sept.
=Notaire Lepin. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 449. 1889.
Notaire Lepin was obtained by M. Rollet, a horticulturist at
Villefranche, Rhône, Fr., about 1860 and was placed on the market in
1879. Fruit large or very large, variable in size, obtuse-pyramidal but
variable, skin fine, somewhat rough to the touch, yellow, dotted with
russet, marbled with fawn, flesh white, granular around the core, fine,
melting, very juicy, saccharine, slightly but agreeably perfumed; its
quality very variable, rather good, and rarely very good; Jan. to Apr.
=Notaire Minot. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:465, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 821. 1869.
A posthumous gain of Van Mons of only very moderate merit. It fruited
in nurseries at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1844. Fruit
medium, rather variable in form, but usually irregular ovate-globular
or very obtuse-turbinate and ventriculous; skin thick and rather rough,
grass-green, dotted all over with fawn and blushed with dark red on
the side of the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-fine and semi-melting, very
gritty around the core; juice insufficient, saccharine, aromatic,
having a disagreeable astringency; third; Oct.
=Nouveau Doyenné d'Hiver. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:9, fig. 5. 1872.
Stated by Diel to have been a gain of Van Mons. Fruit medium, spherical
or spherical-conic, slightly depressed at the two poles, even in
its outline; skin thick and firm, of a very clear green, sprinkled
with small brown dots regularly placed in a characteristic manner;
at maturity the basic green passes to pale yellow and the side next
the sun becomes a little golden; flesh white, rather fine, compact,
breaking or semi-breaking; juice deficient, saccharine but wanting in
perfume; not very desirable; end of winter.
=Nouveau Poiteau. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:466, fig. 1869. =2.=
Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 190. 1920.
According to Leroy this was a seedling of Van Mons raised in his
nursery at Louvain from a bed made in 1827. Fruit large and sometimes
enormous, oblong or irregular-ovate, always much bossed, swelled
around the middle and often more so on one side than on the other,
grass-green, covered with numerous fawn dots, and with some squamose
patches of brown-russet on the side of the sun; flesh white, greenish
near the core, very fine, melting, juicy, saccharine, acidulous,
savory; first; Oct.
=Nouvelle Aglaé. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
Obtained by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Brabant. Fruit medium,
long-obtuse-oval, dark yellow touched with fawn; flesh fine, juicy;
first; end of autumn.
=Nouvelle Fulvie. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:59, fig. 1857. =2.= Bunyard
_Handb. Hardy Fr._ 190. 1920.
_Belle de Jarnac._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:203, fig. 1867.
A gain of M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. First reported in 1854. Fruit
large or very large, pyramidal-pyriform, strongly bossed, lemon-yellow
when ripe, colored with vivid red on the side exposed to the sun,
marked and dotted with russet; flesh yellowish-white, very fine,
melting, buttery; juice very abundant, sugary, having an exquisite
perfume; good; Nov. to Feb.
=Nussbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.
Schwarben, Thuringer Wald, Ger., 1800. Fruit small, globular-turbinate,
green, thick skin; flesh firm, breaking, vinous and acidulous; first
for household; end of Aug.
=Nypse. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
A winter pear received by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, from
Italy, and on trial in that firm's orchards in 1876.
=Oakley Park Bergamotte. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:152. 1847.
Raised from seed by T. A. Knight, Downton Castle, Eng. former President
of the London Horticultural Society. Fruit medium, globular-obovate,
greenish-yellow, with russet; flesh buttery, melting; good; Oct.
=Ochsenherz. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:185. 1856.
_Coeur-de-Boeuf._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 90, 258. 1876.
South Germany, 1801. Fruit large, pyriform, crooked, light green
turning to lemon-yellow, almost entirely blushed with dull light red,
dotted with green; flesh pulpy and tender, not juicy, very sweet and
musky; third for table, first for household and market; end of Oct.
=Ockletree. 1.= _Hist. Mass. Hort. Soc._ 37. 1880.
This was a seedling brought from Pittsburg, Pa., in 1804 and planted
near Vincennes, Ind. In 1837 it produced 140 bushels of pears, the
largest crop recorded from it. In 1855 it measured ten and one-half
feet in circumference at the smallest place below the limbs,
seventy-five feet across the top, and sixty-five feet in height. In
1867 it was split down by a tornado, and seven or eight years later the
trunk also died. It took its name from Mr. Ockletree its owner. The
fruit was of inferior quality.
=Octave Lachambre. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:469, fig. 1869.
M. Octave Lachambre, Loudon, Vienne, Fr., found this variety in
the orchard of the Château of Guérinière about 1825. M. Lachambre
propagated it and offered it to Leroy who placed it on the market in
1860. Fruit medium or less, globular-ovate, bossed, flattened at the
top, and always smaller on one side than on the other, dull yellow,
finely dotted and streaked with russet, slightly mottled with fawn on
the cheek exposed to the sun and around the calyx and stalk; flesh
whitish, fine, melting or semi-melting, rather granular around the
core; juice extremely abundant, acidulous and saccharine, more or less
aromatic but always full of flavor; first; May.
=Oesterreichische Muskatellerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_
=2=:24. 1856.
Austria, 1851. Fruit medium, globular, medium ventriculous; skin thick,
greenish-yellow, somewhat blushed with brown and without russet; flesh
firm, somewhat gritty, very melting and juicy; first for dessert,
household and market; Sept.
=Oeuf de Woltmann. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:221, fig. 109. 1866-73.
Of German origin. Fruit small to medium, exactly ovate, bright green,
sprinkled with numerous dots, some gray and some dark green; at
maturity the basic green changes to pale yellow the dots becoming less
visible and on well-exposed fruits the side next the sun is slightly
blushed with earthy-red on which are some dots of whitish-gray; flesh
very white, semi-fine, semi-breaking, sugary, with a refreshing and
agreeable perfume; good; end of July.
=Ogereau. 1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:39. 1899.
Believed to be European. Fruit obovate-oblong-pyriform, yellow blushed
with red, some russet; flesh white, buttery, vinous, medium quality,
for market; Oct. and Nov.
=Ognon. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 70. 1895.
Sent out by M. Gilbert, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit small to medium, globular,
irregular, green covered with russet; third class; Sept.
=Ognonnet. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 375. 1908.
A cider pear used in France for the production of alcohol by
distillation.
=Oignon. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:473, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard
_Handb. Hardy Fr._ 191. 1920.
This is a variety which Leroy found cultivated in the western
Departments of France which he thought might be the same as the pear
called by Le Lectier in 1628 _Oignon d'Été de Bretagne_. In England it
is one of the most fertile pears grown. Fruit above medium, spherical,
much flattened at both ends and often smaller on one side than on the
other; skin thick and rough, gray-fawn, entirely covered with large
grayish dots; flesh whitish, coarse, breaking, rather granular around
the core; juice moderate in amount, sweet, saccharine, only slightly
perfumed; second; end of Sept.
=Oignonet de Provence. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:474, fig. 1869.
The origin of this pear is unknown, but it was propagated by M.
Urbain Audibert, a nurseryman near Tarascon in the South of France.
In 1812 M. Audibert sent it to M. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps who later
published at Paris the _Nouveau Duhamel_. In this work it was described
and illustrated in 1815. Fruit small, globular or ovate, decidedly
rounded; skin fine and thin, grass-green, covered with small gray dots,
generally speckled with fawn and washed with clear reddish-russet on
the side of the sun; flesh greenish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting,
gritty at the center; juice sufficient, saccharine, vinegary, with a
rather agreeable taste of anis; second; end of July.
=Oken. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:21. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict.
Pom._ =2=:475, fig. 1869. _Winter Oken._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 668.
1884.
A seedling of Van Mons which fruited about 1826. Fruit medium, nearly
globular or globular-ovate; skin fine, tender, pale green sprinkled
with gray, extensively stained with fawn and slightly vermilioned on
the side next the sun; flesh very white and fine, melting, watery,
rather granular around the core; juice abundant, saccharine and having
an exquisite aroma; first; mid-Oct. to end of Nov.
=Oldfield. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:210. 1832. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._
624. 1884.
This is one of the most popular English perry pears, and took its name
from the field where it was raised near Ledbury in Herefordshire.
Fruit small, globular, even and regularly formed; skin uniform yellow,
covered with minute dots, and with a patch of russet around the stalk;
flesh yellowish, firm, breaking and very astringent.
=Olivenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:188. 1856.
German Rhineland, 1806. Fruit medium or small, globular-turbinate, dark
olive-green turning to dull yellowish, dotted, and somewhat blushed
with brownish-red; flesh white, fine, cinnamon-flavored, gritty toward
center; third for dessert, first for household; Nov.
=Oliver Russet. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:212. 1844. =2.= Downing _Fr.
Trees Am._ 579. 1857.
Oliver Russet originated about 1832 and was shown before the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society in the autumn of 1843 by G. W.
Oliver, Lynn, Mass., in whose garden the parent tree was found growing.
Fruit medium or below, obovate, obtuse; skin fair cinnamon-russet on
a yellow ground, with a blush; flesh yellowish, coarse, melting, juicy
without much flavor; Oct.
=One-third. 1.= _Iowa Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 219. 1879.
Reported to be growing on the Iowa State College Farm and to have been
called One-third, from the fact that it is the third generation from
seeds originally sown in Wisconsin.
=Oneida. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 823. 1869.
Originated in western New York. Fruit medium or below, globular, pale
yellow, partially netted and patched with light russet; flesh white,
coarse, juicy, semi-melting, agreeable; good; Sept.
=Onion. 1.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.
_La Grosse Oignonette._ =2.= Brookshaw _Pomona_ =2=:Pl. LIII. 1817.
The Onion, or La Grosse Oignonette, is a rare pear and is distinct from
Oignonet de Provence. Fruit medium, globular, brown-skinned; flesh
sweet, well flavored but rather dry, and when too ripe becomes pithy;
Sept.
=Orange, 1.= _Mass. Hort Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.
A seedling fruited by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass., in 1862.
Fruit diameter 3-1/2 inches, globular; skin tough and bright yellow,
with dots; flesh fine-grained, keeps well and is a good cooking pear;
end of Dec.
=Orange-Bergamot. 1.= Bradley _Gard._ 199. 1739. =2.= Brookshaw
_Horticultural Repository_ =1=:63, Pl. 31. 1823. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._
625. 1884.
Of English origin. Tree hardy, free bearer, succeeding on either pear
or quince stock. Fruit small, globular-turbinate; skin smooth, pale
green changing to yellow or yellow-green at maturity, blushed with dull
red on the side next the sun, strewed with whitish-gray dots; flesh
white, semi-melting, juicy, with a sweet, orange flavor; dessert pear;
early Sept.
=Orange d'Hiver. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:144, Pl. XIX, fig.
4. 1768. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 824. 1869.
_Winter Pomeranzenbirne._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 507. 1817.
_Winter Orange._ =4.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 390. 1831.
This is a very old pear, probably of French origin. Tree rather
vigorous, said to be a late but heavy bearer. Fruit medium, round,
somewhat flattened at base and apex, bright yellow, covered all over
with numerous brown dots and lined with russet; stem medium long,
stout, inserted in a small, oblique cavity; calyx small, open, set in
a small, round, very shallow depression; flesh white, rather gritty,
firm, crisp, very juicy, with a pleasant, slightly musky, aromatic
flavor; a good cooking pear and a fair dessert pear; Feb. to Apr.
=Orange Mandarine, 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:483, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg
_Fruit Man._ 625. 1884.
Raised from seed by Leroy at Angers, Fr., and fruited first in 1863.
Fruit below medium and sometimes a little larger, globular, rather
regular in outline, more or less mammillate at the summit, pale yellow,
passing to clear russet on the cheek exposed to the sun, and covered
with minute brown dots; flesh white, very fine and very melting,
slightly gritty at the center; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous,
endowed with an exquisite perfume; first; Oct.
=Orange Musquée. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:140, Pl. X. 1768.
=2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 625. 1884.
_Müskierte Pomeranzenbirne._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 255. 1889.
This is an old pear of uncertain origin, though probably French or
Italian. Fruit medium, globular, more or less bossed, flattened at both
ends though sometimes rather conic and obtuse at the top; smooth skin
punctured like an orange, yellow-green changing to fine lemon, with
a lively red next the sun but rather variable; flesh white, coarse,
breaking, gritty at center; juice not very abundant, rather saccharine,
sweet, possessing a musky flavor and perfume; quality variable, on the
whole, good; end of Aug.
=Orange Rouge. 1.= Duhamel _Trait Arb. Fr._ =2=:141. 1768. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:486, fig. 1869.
_Red Orange._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 636. 1884.
An old variety of obscure origin. Henri Manger wrote in 1783 that it
appeared to him to be the _Favonianum Rubrum_ mentioned by Pliny, but
it appears according to M. Leroy more likely to have originated at
Poitiers, and to be the _Rousette_ or _Orange du Poitou_ or _Poire
de Poitiers_. Fruit medium, round, even, regular or inclining to
turbinate; skin thick, clear grayish-yellow, clouded with green on
the shaded side, sprinkled with pale gray dots and extensively washed
and streaked with a lively dark red; flesh whitish, semi-fine; juice
abundant, more or less saccharine, acidulous and musky; second, often
third; end of Aug.
=Orange Tulipée. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:202, Pl. XLI. 1768.
=2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ 488, fig. 1869.
An old French pear grown in the south of France and sold in Paris at
a very low price. It is known to have been cultivated for some three
centuries, but is not worth growing today. Described in the _Jardinier
François_ in 1665. Fruit medium and often below, globular-ovate, or
turbinate-rounded, with one side larger than the other; skin thick
and rough, yellow-green, sprinkled with large, gray, scaly dots, and
well colored with red-brown on the side next the sun, and numerous
carmine streaks and marks on the other side; flesh white, semi-fine and
semi-melting, more or less granular around the core; juice sufficient,
saccharine, slightly astringent, with a slight perfume of fennel;
third; Sept.
=Orange de Vienne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
_Wiener Pomeranzenbirne._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:150. 1856.
A Van Mons seedling, 1825. Fruit small to medium, short-turbinate,
clear yellow, with light brown dots; flesh granular, semi-melting, very
sweet and sugary, having a Bergamot flavor; first for table and all
purposes; mid-Sept.
=Ordensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:132. 1856.
Originated in Nassau, a former German duchy, 1806. Fruit medium,
even-sided; skin smooth and tender, yellowish-green turning to light
yellowish and light green, seldom blushed, grass-green dots; flesh
white, juicy, semi-buttery; very good for dessert and good for cooking
and the market; mid-Aug.
=Orel 15. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 187. 1896. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc.
Rpt._ 41, 42. 1915.
Introduced from Russia about 1880 by Professor Budd of the Iowa
Agricultural College. Free from blight and apparently valuable as a
stock for top-grafting.
=Orpheline Colmar. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:77, fig. 1854. =2.=
Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 260. 1889.
The Orpheline Colmar was a gain of Van Mons a few years before his
death and is a beautiful and handsome fruit. Fruit very large, pyriform
and obtuse-pyramidal, clear green becoming yellow at maturity, streaked
and dotted with grayish-brown and black and stained with russet-fawn on
the side of the sun and around the calyx; flesh yellowish-white, fine,
melting, rather granular around the core, full of saccharine juice and
pleasantly perfumed; good.
=Osband Summer. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:211, fig. 59. 1846. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:492, fig. 1869.
Originated in the vicinity of Palmyra in Wayne County, N. Y., about
1840 and was at first known as _Summer Virgalieu_ and so published in
the _Genesee Farmer_ in 1845 or 1846. Fruit small, obovate-pyriform,
clear yellow, thickly dotted with small greenish and brown dots, with
a warm cheek on the side next the sun and with some traces of russet
especially around the stem and calyx; flesh white, juicy, melting, with
a rich sugary flavor and agreeable perfume of musk; first in quality
and appearance; early in Aug.
=Osborne. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:338. 1846. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._
825. 1869.
A native variety which originated on the farm of John Osborne, Economy,
Ind. It was introduced by Ernst, and published in the _Western Farmer
and Gardener_ (Vol. 5), having first fruited in Ernst's nursery in
1844. Fruit small, short-pyriform, stem planted on one side; skin thin,
yellowish-green, with numerous gray dots; flesh white, tender, juicy,
brisk, sweet, vinous, with a slight astringency and highly-perfumed
flavor; first; Aug. and Sept.
=Oswego Beurré. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 825. 1869.
Raised by Walter Read, Oswego, N. Y. Tree vigorous, hardy, and
productive. Fruit medium, oblate, sometimes inclining to conic,
yellowish-green, streaked and mottled with thin russet; flesh melting,
buttery, juicy, with a fine, sprightly, vinous and aromatic flavor;
good; Oct. and Nov.
=Oswego Incomparable. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 826. 1869.
Originated at Oswego, N. Y. Fruit rather large,
obtuse-obovate-pyriform, yellow, slightly netted and patched with
russet, a tinge of crimson in the sun and many russet dots; flesh
whitish, coarse, semi-melting, sweet, juicy, agreeable; moderate
quality, sometimes good; Sept.
=Ott. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:424. 1848. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._
826. 1869.
Ott is a seedling of Seckel and was originated by Samuel Ott,
Montgomery County, Pa., and introduced to the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society by Dr. Brincklé of Philadelphia in the summer of
1848. Fruit small, globular-obovate, regular, largest about the middle,
rounding off to the calyx end and narrowing to the stem where it is
obtuse; skin slightly rough, dull green changing to yellow when mature,
some russet, bronzy-red on the sunny side and dotted with russet specks
intermixed with some greenish spots; flesh greenish-white, coarse,
melting, very juicy, rich, sugary, with a spicy aroma resembling the
Seckel; very good; end of Aug.
=Owen. 1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Bk._ 174. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._
826. 1869.
Originated in the garden of John Owen, Cambridge, Mass. Fruit small,
globular-obtuse-pyriform, dark green, shaded with dull red in the
sun and thickly sprinkled with green and light dots; flesh tender,
delicious and finely colored; one of the finest cooking pears in its
season; Oct. to Dec.
=Owener Birne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:10. 1856.
Württemberg, 1830. Fruit globular-turbinate, greenish-yellow,
with rather dark blush, russeted all over; flesh yellowish-white,
astringent, juicy, breaking, aromatic, first for household use and the
making of perry; end of Sept.
=Ozark. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 38. 1895.
Originated about 1845 from seed taken by a Mr. Rooks from Kentucky to
Polk County, Missouri. Fruit large, oblate, greenish-yellow, with a few
russet veinings and patches, dots numerous, minute, russet; stem medium
long, in a large, deep basin; calyx large, open; flesh white, with
yellow veins, buttery, granular, mild subacid; good; Aug.
=Paddock. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 530. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 826. 1869.
Sent out by Chauncey Goodrich, Burlington, Vt. Fruit rather below
medium, oblong-ovate-pyriform, light yellow, sometimes with a faint
blush; flesh fine-grained, melting, sweet, but not very highly
flavored; good; end of July.
=Pailleau. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:58. 1842. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._
826. 1869.
Attributed to Van Mons, Belgium. Fruit large, oblong, greenish-yellow,
rough, with brown and green dots and patches of russet; flesh juicy,
sweet, rich, good, but rather coarse-grained; excellent quality; early
Sept.
=Pain-et-Vin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:494, fig. 1869.
Cultivated in Normandy early in the nineteenth century under the two
names of _Pain-et-Vin_ and _Chêne-Vert_ or _Green-Oak_. Fruit medium,
ovate, rather long and swelled; skin thin, rough, dark yellow ground
covered with bronze, freely stained and dotted with gray and reddened
on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, very firm,
although semi-melting, rather gritty at core, very juicy, saccharine,
acid, very vinous, with a particularly pleasant flavor; second; about
mid-Sept, to beginning of Oct.
=Palmischbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:171. 1856. =2.=
Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 190, fig. 1913.
A perry pear grown in Germany and Upper Austria and known in different
localities by various names. It was published in Germany in 1823.
Fruit small, turbinate, regular in contour, greenish-yellow turning
to light yellow, often with a dark blush, covered all over with large
gray spots; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, very juicy, acidulous and
saccharine, aromatic; third for the table, but first for perry; Sept.
=Paradiesbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 525. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ.
Obstkunde_ =2=:182. 1856.
Thuringia, Ger., 1797. Fruit small to medium, conic, yellow-green
changing to golden yellow, slightly blushed, and dotted with brown,
thin skin; flesh yellowish-white, very sweet, juicy; second for
dessert, first for household; end of Oct.
=Pardee. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 530. 1857.
Raised by S. D. Pardee, New Haven, Conn. Fruit small, globular,
greenish-yellow, much covered with russet; flesh coarse, granular,
buttery, juicy, melting, with a high vinous flavor, strongly perfumed;
Oct.
=Parfum d'Aout. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:136. 1768. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:496, fig. 1869.
The Parfum d'Aout described here is the variety described under that
name by Jean Merlet in 1675 and 1690 and afterwards by Duhamel in 1768.
It probably originated in the village of Berny, not far from Paris.
Fruit small, long, nearly pyriform, enlarged on one side more than the
other at the lower end; skin smooth, pale yellow, slightly tinged with
green, covered with dots and small speckles of fawn, tinged with a
beautiful red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine,
breaking or semi-breaking, some grit around the core; juice rarely
abundant, saccharine, sweet, with a perfume of musky-anis; second; end
of Aug.
=Parfum d'Hiver. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 151. 1846. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:497, fig. 1869.
As early as 1600, this variety was grown in France under the name
_Bouvert Musqué_. Tree rather vigorous, very productive. Fruit medium,
roundish-turbinate, olive-yellow washed with bright red; stem rather
long; calyx large, partially open; flesh brittle, juicy; good for
cooking; Feb. to Apr.
=Parfum de Rose. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 185, fig. 91. 1866-73.
Obtained by Bivort and first introduced in 1849. Fruit small,
long-pyriform, rather irregular in contour; skin fine, a little
thick, water-green and whitish at first, sprinkled with small dots of
grayish-green, combined with many stains of the same color, passing
at maturity to dull yellow; flesh nearly white, very fine, buttery,
melting; juice sufficient, having a distinct perfume of rose, which is
its chief distinguishing feature; end of Sept.
=Parfumé. 1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =3=: 1807.
Fruit medium, globular; skin rather thick and tough, of a deep red
color, spotted with brown; flesh melting, but dry and has a perfumed
flavor; end of Aug.
=Parfumée. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:186, fig. 578. 1881.
French. Gained by M. Pariset, Courciat-Dongalon, Fr., and fruited for
the first time in 1869. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, short and thick;
skin thick, pale green, sprinkled with numerous greenish-gray dots only
slightly visible on the side next the sun, at maturity pale yellow
and the exposed cheek more or less warm gold; flesh white tinted with
yellow, fine, melting, gritty around the center; juice abundant, sugary
and perfumed; first; beginning of winter.
=Parrot. 1.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 140. 1904.
Introduced in England about 1900. Fruit like Bergamot in form; very
richly flavored; Oct.
=Parsonage. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 530. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 828.
1869.
Originated at New Rochelle, N. Y. Fruit medium to large,
obovate-obtuse-pyriform, often inclined, orange-yellow, rough,
generally shaded with dull crimson, netted and patched with russet
and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white, slightly coarse,
somewhat granular, juicy, melting, with a refreshing vinous flavor;
good; Sept.
=Passa-tutti. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 497. 1817. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 101.
1876.
An Italian autumn pear. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow,
much covered with yellowish-gray russet, lighter yellow on the sunny
side, with some red blush; flesh agreeable, with a Muscat flavor;
third; Nov. and Dec.
=Passans du Portugal. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =4=:390. 1838. =2.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 626. 1884.
Passans du Portugal would seem from its name to be of Portuguese
origin. It should not be confused with Summer Portugal although the two
varieties have various synonyms in common and have some qualities in
common. Fruit medium, oblate, flattened after the Bergamot type, lively
green changing to pale yellow on ripening, red next the sun brightening
toward maturity to a more vivid shade; flesh white, breaking, juicy,
with a fine sugary and perfumed flavor; an excellent dessert pear; Aug.
=Passe-Colmar des Belges. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:502. 1869.
Origin unknown but was found growing under this name in the collection
of the Horticultural Society of Angers early in the last century. Fruit
above medium, turbinate-obtuse and bossed, yellow, dotted and streaked
with russet; flesh white, coarse, semi-breaking, wanting in juice and
sugar, sharp and acidulous; third; Nov.
=Passe Colmar d'Été. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.
French. Fruit small, turbinate, olive-green; flesh very juicy; good;
Sept.
=Passe Colmar Musqué. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:45, fig. 1857. =2.=
Hogg _Fruit Man._ 627. 1884.
Obtained by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., from a bed of mixed seeds
he made about 1831. It yielded its first fruit and was published in
1845. _Passe Colmar Musqué_ is also known as _Autumn Colmar_ but is
distinct from the variety most usually known by that name. Fruit
medium and sometimes less, turbinate, otherwise obtuse-conic, rather
variable in form; skin thick, tender, green changing to golden-yellow,
dotted, mottled and patched with pale cinnamon-russet and often washed
on the side next the sun with a light transparent red; flesh slightly
yellowish, very fine, melting, very saccharine, richly flavored,
aromatic and scented; first; Nov.
=Passe Crassane. 1.= _Pom. France_ =2=:No. 82, Pl. 82. 1863. =2.=
Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 192. 1920.
This winter pear was raised by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen,
Fr., from a bed of mixed seeds which he made in 1845; it bore fruit and
was first published at Rouen in 1855. Fruit medium or rather large,
turbinate or globular-conic, flattened in Bergamot fashion; skin rough,
thick, of a dull pale green, mottled with russet markings and passing
to yellow on the side turned to the sun; flesh white, fine, melting,
very juicy, saccharine, perfumed, and agreeably sprightly; very good;
Jan. to Mar.
=Passe-Goemans. 1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =3=:111, fig. 152. 1878.
_Goemans Gelbe Sommerbirne._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:91.
1856.
Belgian, and probably from Van Mons in 1825. Fruit medium, globular,
ventriculous, sides unequal, very obtuse, uniformly citron-yellow,
blushed with cinnamon on the sun-exposed side; flesh very full of
flavor; first; end of Sept.
=Passe Madeleine. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:131. 1843.
Probably a French variety. Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit
medium, long, lemon-yellow, lightly tinted with gray on the side next
the sun; flesh melting, sugary, rather perfumed; beginning of Sept.
=Passe-Tardive. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ 506. fig. 1869. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 829. 1869.
Obtained by Major Espéren of Mechlin, Bel., and first published in
1843. Fruit above medium to large, turbinate, regular, bossed and much
swelled in all its lower part and greatly contracted at the summit;
flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, gritty around the core; juice
seldom abundant, sugary, agreeable, though but slightly perfumed;
second or third for dessert, first for the kitchen; Apr. to June.
=Pastor. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:197. 1908.
Reported in the Experimental orchard at Agassiz, Br. C., in 1900
and at various Canadian Experiment Farms in 1902. Fruit medium,
oblate-pyriform, yellow; flesh melting, sugary, juicy, perfumed flavor;
good; late season.
=Pastorale, 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:231, Pl. LV. 1768. =2.=
Hogg _Fruit Man._ 628. 1884.
Mayer, director of the gardens of the Grand Duke of Wurtzburg, Bavaria,
described this pear in his _Pomona franconica_ in 1776 and 1801, and
Duhamel du Monceau wrote of it in 1768. Earlier still Le Lectier
spoke of its cultivation before 1628 under the name _Musette d'Hiver
rosate_, Merlet called it _Pastorale_ in 1675, and La Quintinye named
it _Pastourelle_ and _Musette d'Autumne_ in 1688. Fruit above medium,
pyriform, slightly obtuse, much puckered at the summit and generally
larger on one side than on the other; skin greenish, nearly covered
with gray-russet, sprinkled with large brown dots, vermilioned on the
side of the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, more or less gritty around
the core; juice abundant, rather sugary, slightly acid; Nov. to Jan.
=Pater Noster. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 532. 1857. =2.= _Ann. Pom.
Belge_ =6=:33, fig. 1858.
Mentioned in the Van Mons catalog of fruits cultivated from 1798 to
1823. Fruit above medium, and often large, variable in form, oblong
or long-turbinate, slightly obtuse, contorted and bossed, clear
olive-yellow; flesh white, fine, melting or semi-melting, watery; juice
abundant, saccharine, very vinous, acidulous, with an agreeable aroma;
first; Nov.
=Paul Ambre. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 830. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._
101. 1876.
A Belgian variety resembling Nec Plus Meuris; origin unknown. Fruit
globular or globular-oval, pale greenish-yellow, shaded with crimson
on the side next the sun, dots and markings of russet; flesh whitish,
buttery, melting, juicy, sweet; good to very good; Oct.
=Paul Bonamy. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:215, fig. 106. 1866-73.
M. Bonamy, a nurseryman at Toulouse, Fr., obtained this pear and named
it after his son. It was first published in 1865. Fruit large, ovate,
bossed; skin fine, thin, oily and scented at maturity; flesh white,
semi-fine, a little fibrous when the fruit is too ripe, melting or
semi-melting, streaming with sugary juice, sprightly, highly perfumed;
good; Sept.
=Paul Coppieters. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1895.
Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., previous to 1895. Fruit
rather large, pyriform-turbinate, yellow, dotted and heavily marbled
with reddish-yellow; flesh white, very fine, free from granulations,
buttery, saccharine and aromatic; beginning of Nov.
=Paul d'Hoop. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.
Sent out in 1895 as a new variety by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel.
Fruit medium, covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, yellowish-white,
buttery, vinous, saccharine, having a delicious aroma; Jan. and Feb.
=Paul Thielens. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:510, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 830. 1869.
Paul Thielens came from a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1829 in his
nursery at Louvain, Bel. Fruit large, ovate, very irregular, bossed and
swelled, or ovate, nearly globular; skin a little rough, transparent
greenish-yellow, dotted and marked with grayish-russet, slightly
blushed with dull red on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine
and semi-melting, gritty at the center; juice rarely abundant, more or
less saccharine, slightly aromatic; second; Oct.
=Pauls Birne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876.
_Poire de Paul._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:15, fig. 488. 1881.
Fruit large or rather large, globular-conic or conic-obtuse, dull
water-green, usually entirely covered with a wash of cinnamon color
which at maturity becomes golden, and the side exposed to the sun is
blushed with a garnet red on which are numerous small gray dots; flesh
white tinted with yellow, rather fine, breaking, gritty about the core,
juicy, sugary, vinous, slightly perfumed; first for cooking; winter,
lasting well toward the end.
=Payen. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:511, fig. 1869.
Raised by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr., from a mixed seed
bed made in 1845. It was reported on in 1860 and propagated in 1863. It
is distinct from both Beurré Payen and Président Payen. Fruit medium,
obovate-pyriform, bright greenish-yellow, mottled with fawn and covered
with large and numerous brownish dots; flesh white, fine, melting,
juicy, sweet; first class; Oct.
=Payenche. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:512, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr.
Trees Am._ 830. 1869.
_Paquency._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 404. 1845.
Found in a hedge at the village of Payenche in Périgord, Fr. It was
taken to Paris in 1805. Fruit nearly medium, oblong-ovate-pyriform,
light yellow stained or marbled and dotted with gray-russet and colored
with brick-red on the side of the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting
or semi-melting, some grit around the core; juice extremely abundant,
very saccharine, acidulous, with a savory perfume and a slight
after-taste of anis; first; Oct.
=Payton.=
According to letters from Nicholas Hallock, Queens, N. Y., this variety
originated on the premises of a Mr. Payton of Flatbush, L. I., and had
been known locally as Payton for some time previous to 1898. Fruit
obovate-obtuse-roundish, about the size of Doyenné Boussock, dull green
becoming yellow, thickly sprinkled with small brownish dots; stem
short, stout, set in a rather shallow, russeted cavity; calyx open,
placed in a shallow, wide basin; flesh not coarse, not gritty, not
stringy, white, moderately juicy, good but not highly flavored; Sept.,
later than Bartlett.
=Peach. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 533. 1857. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._
629. 1884.
_Pêche._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:513, fig. 1869.
A variety obtained by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., from a bed of mixed
seeds he made in 1836, and first reported in 1845. Fruit small to
medium, globular-obovate; skin smooth, pale greenish-yellow when ripe,
occasionally tinted with a faint blush of red on the side toward the
sun, dotted and mottled with brown; flesh white, citrine, fine, very
melting, very juicy, sweet, richly flavored and delicately perfumed;
first in France, but variable according to climate; Aug.
=Pei-li. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 376. 1881.
Pei-li or _Snow pears_: A race of pears grown in northwestern China;
globular, white, juicy and generally regarded as the best fruits in the
country.
=Pemberton. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 831. 1869.
A seedling of S. A. Shurtleff, Boston, Mass. Fruit medium, inclining to
oval, light green, thickly sprinkled with dark dots, yellowish on the
side of the sun, with sometimes a red cheek; flesh somewhat coarse, but
juicy, sweet; good; Feb. and Mar.
=Penderson. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 831. 1869.
Raised by Samuel Penderson, New Haven, Conn. Fruit medium, globular,
greenish-yellow; flesh white, breaking, semi-melting, brisk, rather
astringent; good; Oct.
=Pendleton Early York. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:381, fig. 41. 1848.
_York-précoce de Pendleton._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 114, 313. 1876.
Originated by Mrs. Jeremiah York, Connecticut, about 1826 from seed
of Rousselet Hâtif. Fruit medium or below, obovate, varying to
obtuse-pyriform, pale greenish-yellow, with russet specks, sometimes
with a faint blush; flesh white, tender, sweet, melting, slightly
perfumed; good; last of July.
=Pengethley. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 197. 1832.
Raised by T. A. Knight, President of the London Horticultural Society,
who, in February, 1832, sent cions of the variety to Mr. Lowell and the
Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Fruit medium, inclining to oval,
obovate, pale green, covered with dark dots, changing to yellow as it
ripens, sometimes having a red cheek; flesh somewhat coarse, but juicy,
sweet, and good; Feb. and Mar.
=Penn. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =18=:58, fig. 1863. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 831. 1869.
The original tree was planted at the beginning of the last century
close to the old Penn Manor in Pennsylvania and on the margin of land
which became the track of the Camden and Amboy Railroad. Inasmuch as
its position was so close to the railway the company threatened to cut
it down. Hence it acquired the name of _Railroad Fuss_ by which it was
known for many years. Fruit medium, oblate, sometimes globular-oblate,
angular, pale lemon-yellow, thickly sprinkled with small grayish and
russet dots, sometimes with a few patches and dots of russet around the
calyx; flesh white, a little coarse, very juicy, melting, with a sweet,
pleasant, refreshing flavor, slightly aromatic, with a little musky
perfume; good to very good; Oct.
=Pennsylvania. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:213. 1844. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 832. 1869.
A seedling found on the ground of J. B. Smith of Pennsylvania. In
1845 the original tree was stated to be nearly forty feet high, of a
pyramidal form and remarkably robust habit. Fruit medium, obovate,
tapering toward the stem, obtuse, brown-russet on dull yellow ground,
ruddy on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, melting, juicy,
rich, sugary, slightly perfumed and with a musky flavor; good but not
strictly first rate; as an American fruit it may be ranked with Buffum,
Cushing and Fulton; Oct.
=Pepin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:515, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 629. 1884.
This pear was growing in the orchard of Le Lectier in Anjou, Fr., in
the year 1600 and was described by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670. Fruit
below medium and sometimes small, globular, bossed, always mammillate
at the summit, meadow-green, clouded with pale yellow, dotted with gray
and extensively washed with brick red on the side turned to the sun;
flesh whitish, fine or semi-fine, breaking, watery; at the center are
numerous granulations; juice very saccharine, sweet and savory; second;
mid-Aug.
=Perpetual. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 832. 1869.
Said to have originated on Long Island, N. Y. Disseminated by Messrs.
Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, green
and yellow, beautifully blushed in the sun; flesh whitish, firm,
moderately juicy, sweet; good; keeps till May.
=Perrier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
Obtained by M. Morel in 1873. Fruit medium, globular, green; flesh
fine, melting, juicy; good; beginning of Aug. Tree vigorous and fertile.
=Pertusati. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:516, fig. 1869.
Raised in the nurseries of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., in 1867. Fruit
medium, globular-ovate, irregular, having one side larger than the
other; skin rough, golden-yellow, finely dotted with gray, marbled with
clear brown around the calyx and the stem; flesh white, fine, melting;
juice abundant, very saccharine, with an acidulous flavor, very
pleasant and delicately perfumed; first; Nov.
=Petersbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:33. 1856.
_Petite Poire de Pierre._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:101, fig. 243. 1879.
_Kleine Petersbirne._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.
Altenburg, Ger., 1799. Fruit small, clear green, sprinkled with
numerous minute blackish-green dots, turning to dull yellow at
maturity and washed over a large area of its surface with dark red, on
which the dots are of a darker red; flesh greenish-white, very fine,
semi-breaking, sufficiently juicy and agreeably perfumed; a good fruit
to preserve or to dry; Aug.
=Petit-Blanquet. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:132, Pl. VI. 1768.
=2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:517, fig. 1869.
_Little Blanquet._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 802. 1869.
_Small Blanquet._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 646. 1884.
This variety was known in French gardens in the middle of the sixteenth
century under the name _Poire Perle_, and some years later also by
that of _Petit-Blanquet_. Fruit small or very small; form rather
inconstant, slightly obtuse-pyriform, or more obtuse-ovate; skin smooth
and transparent and shining, clear pale yellow or of a white, waxy
and pearl-like tone, sprinkled with greenish dots, with occasionally
a blush of tender rose on the side next the sun; flesh very white,
semi-fine, breaking and firm; juice rarely abundant, saccharine, savory
although only slightly perfumed; a second class dessert pear; Aug.
=Petit Catillac. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:3, fig. 98. 1878.
_Kleiner Katzenkopf_. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.
This pear is probably of German origin. It has points of resemblance in
common with the old French Catillac but is distinguished by its size,
being often less than that of the latter, its time of maturity being
earlier, its flesh being less breaking, more saccharine and without
any tartness. Fruit large, ovate-pyriform and much swelled, even in
contour, green at first, sprinkled with large, regularly spaced,
prominent, brown dots, the green passing to lemon-yellow at maturity,
with a blush of red-brown on well-exposed fruits on the side next the
sun; flesh white, coarse, semi-buttery; juice abundant, rather vinous
and without any appreciable perfume; good for the kitchen; Oct. and Nov.
=Petit-Chaumontel. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:519, fig. 1869.
From the old garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., and
sometimes erroneously confused with Oignon which ripens some six weeks
earlier. Fruit medium, globular, very bossed and irregular in form,
clear green, dotted, veined with russet and extensively washed with
carmine on the side turned to the sun; flesh very white, semi-fine,
breaking, gritty at center; juice sufficient, saccharine, vinous,
slightly astringent; second; latter half of Aug.
=Petit-Hâtiveau. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:520, fig. 1869.
A variety of ancient and unknown origin, but cultivated among a group
of pears termed _Hâtiveau_ for over the last five centuries. It was
called by the name _Petit-Hâtiveau_ by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670 to
distinguish it from the _Gros-Hâtiveau_. Fruit small, ovate, obtuse
and more or less globular; skin smooth and fine, lemon-yellow, dotted
with exceedingly minute greenish points and more or less stained
with gray-russet around the calyx and stem; flesh whitish, breaking,
semi-fine, scented, juicy and gritty, juice sugary, acid, and slightly
musky; third; July.
=Petit-Muscat. 1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:75, Tab. 1. 1771. =2.= Leroy
_Dict. Pom._ =2=:522, fig. 1869.
_Little Muscat_. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 802. 1869.
Jean Mayer, director of the gardens of the Grand Duke of Wurtzburg,
Bavaria, in his _Pomona franconica_ published in 1801 showed that the
Petit-Muscat was the antique pear _Superba_ described by Pliny. Various
other pomologists wrote of it prior to Mayer as for instance Jacq.
Daléchamp, 1615; Jean Jonston, 1662; and Henri Manger, 1783. Charles
Estienne was the first to write of it in France, 1530, and he named
it _Musquette_. Fruit very small, turbinate, more or less obtuse and
sometimes globular-turbinate; the eye is placed in a regular-formed
cavity and is always naked in consequence of the segments of the
calyx falling off, pale greenish-yellow, finely dotted and slightly
clouded with rose on the side of the sun (in France); flesh yellowish,
semi-fine, breaking, not very juicy, sugary, acidulous and with a
pleasant musk flavor; second; June.
=Petit-Oin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:524, fig. 1869.
_Winterwunder_. =2.= Christ Handb. 497. 1817.
_Müskirte Schmeerbirne_. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:13. 1856.
_Merveille d'Hiver_. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 616. 1884.
Valerius Cordus was the first to describe this pear which originated in
Germany and belongs to the Schmeerbirne or greasy class. About 1650 it
was cultivated in France under the name of _Oing_ or _Oin_, the French
equivalent of the German _speck_ or _lard_. Fruit medium or less,
globular-ovate or turbinate, slightly obtuse at summit, with thick but
smooth and greasy skin, dull yellow-green, more or less gray, dotted
and flecked with greenish-russet; flesh whitish, granular, scented,
exceedingly melting and juicy, very saccharine, free from acid and
having an exquisite flavor; third; Sept. to Nov.
=Petite Charlotte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876.
French. Fruit small, pyramidal, greenish-yellow, highly colored on the
side of the sun; flesh breaking, juicy, vinous; excellent; Aug. and
Sept.
=Petite Fondante. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:153, fig. 461. 1880.
_Kleine Schmalzbirne_. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.
Origin unknown. Fruit small, nearly spherical, sometimes depressed at
both poles, even in contour; skin rather thick and yet tender, pale
water-green, sown with numerous very faint, very small, brown dots; at
maturity the basic green whitens a little and the side next the sun of
fruits well exposed becomes a lighter yellow; flesh whitish, semi-fine,
semi-melting, rather gritty around the core, highly saccharine, vinous
and sprightly; good; end of Aug.
=Petite Marguerite. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:526, fig. 1869. =2.=
Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 192. 1920.
Raised in the nurseries of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., in 1862 and
propagated in 1863. Fruit medium, irregular ovate, bossed, swelled at
the base and having one side always larger than the other, grass-green,
dotted with gray and brown and slightly bronzed on the cheek exposed to
the sun; flesh greenish-white, fine and very melting, slightly gritty
at the center; juice extremely abundant and saccharine, acidulous, with
a very pleasant perfume; first; Aug.
=Petite Tournaisienne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
A variety on trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz. Fruit medium, oval,
oblong, yellow; flesh very fine, semi-melting; Apr. and May.
=Petite Victorine. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:528, fig. 1869.
A seedling of M. André Leroy raised in 1863. Fruit below medium,
globular, flattened at the base but slightly conic at its other
extremity, greenish, dotted and marbled with russet; flesh white,
fine, melting, generally free from grit; juice sufficient, saccharine,
acidulous, with a specially exquisite, musky flavor; first; Dec. and
Jan.
=Petre. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =2=:437. 1836. =2.= _Ibid._ =3=:83. 1838.
This valuable variety was raised by John Bartram, the proprietor of
a botanic garden near Philadelphia, from seed received in a letter
from Lord Petre of England about the year 1735. The tree still stands,
although becoming decrepit. Fruit medium, obovate, truncate at both
ends; skin thin, greenish-yellow, with small pale spots; flesh white,
soft, juicy and buttery, with a delicious flavor, very slightly musky
and vinous; very good; mid-Sept. to Dec.
=Pfaffenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:193. 1856.
Württemberg and Baden, Ger., 1847. Fruit small, turbinate, yellow,
tinted with a dark cinnamon-colored blush on the side next the sun; the
summit is covered with russet, thickly sprinkled with gray dots; flesh
firm and tasteless.
=Pfingstbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:96. 1856.
German seedling, 1851. Fruit medium, globular, green turning
yellowish-green, speckled and dotted with gray; skin thin and
scentless; flesh rather white, sweet and musky; first for table,
household and market; early summer.
=Philiberte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
French. Fruit rather large, nearly globular, a beautiful lemon-yellow;
flesh very fine, melting, very juicy, agreeably perfumed; first; Dec.
and Jan.
=Philippe-Le-Bon. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:161, fig. 81. 1872.
_Philipp der Gute_. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:4. 1856.
According to the catalog of Van Mons of 1823 this was one of his
seedlings. Fruit hardly medium, ovate, or turbinate-ovate, short and
thick, usually even in outline; skin thick, firm, glossy, pale green,
whitish-brown dots; at maturity the basic green passes to pale dull
yellow, washed with some clear cerise-red; flesh white, rather coarse,
buttery, not much juice, but vinous and perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.
=Philippe Couvreur. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 264. 1889. =2.= _Guide
Prat._ 72. 1895.
Of Belgian origin. Fruit medium to large, orange-yellow dotted with
russet; flesh white, tinted with salmon, fine, juicy, perfumed; good;
beginning of Oct.
=Philippe Goes. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =3=:51, fig. 1855. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 833. 1869.
A posthumous gain from the seed beds of Van Mons. The parent tree
gave its first fruit in 1846. Fruit above medium, obovate, uneven and
undulating in outline; skin rough to the touch, of a dark olive, much
covered with a bright russet; flesh semi-melting, gritty, sweet, rather
granular at the center, juice rarely abundant, saccharine, vinous and
fairly well perfumed; second; Dec.
=Philippot. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:530, fig. 1869.
Originated with M. Philippot, a nurseryman at Saint-Quentin, Aisne, Fr.
In 1852 it fruited for the first time and was propagated in 1860. Fruit
large to very large, globular-conic, obtuse, swelled and fleshy at the
base; skin yellowish, in part dotted and marbled with brownish-fawn;
flesh very white, coarse, semi-breaking, watery; juice abundant, sweet,
having little sugar or perfume although rather delicate; third for
dessert, first for cooking; Jan. to Mar.
=Philopena. 1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 24. 1904.
A chance variety brought to notice by Reuben Ragan of Indiana,
about 1850 and named Philopena by him. Fruit small to medium,
oblong-pyriform, yellow, with purple blush; calyx open, in a small,
shallow basin; stem short, cavity small or absent; quality medium;
three or four weeks after Bartlett.
=Picciola. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 833. 1869.
Of Belgian origin. Fruit small, globular-oblate, greenish-yellow,
sometimes slightly blushed in the sun, with traces of russet; flesh
whitish, very juicy, melting, with a vinous flavor; good to very good;
Sept.
=Pie IX. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:86. 1854. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._
=2=:531, fig. 1869.
_Pius IX._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 631. 1884.
The parent tree of Pie IX sprang from seed sown in 1834 by Van Mons in
his nurseries at Louvain, Bel. Fruit large, turbinate, more or less
obtuse and elongated, much swelled at the middle, bossed and contorted
at its summit, lemon-yellow, dotted and striped with fawn; flesh
white, coarse or semi-fine, juicy and melting, rather gritty at the
center, saccharine, sour, fairly well perfumed, sometimes disagreeably
astringent; second; Sept.
=Pierre Corneille. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.
Pierre Corneille was obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr., from a
seedling of Beurré Diel crossed with Doyenné du Comice; introduced
about 1894. The fruit has the appearance of Duchesse d'Angoulême. Tree
vigorous, fertile and pyramidal in form. Fruit large globular-obovate,
greenish-yellow; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sugary, deliciously
perfumed; Dec. and Jan.
=Pierre Curie. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 174. 1907.
This is a seedling from Doyenné d'Alençon crossed with Beurré Henri
Courcelle by M. Arsène Sannier, a nurseryman at Saint-Sever-Rouen, Fr.,
and placed on the market in 1907. Fruit medium, oval, of the form of
the Doyenné d'Alençon; skin gray; flesh extremely fine, with a very
agreeable perfume; Jan. to Mar.
=Pierre Macé. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876.
French, attributed to André Leroy. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit
rather large, globular-turbinate, yellow dotted with fawn; flesh fine,
melting, juicy, highly perfumed; first; second half of Sept. and early
Oct.
=Pierre Paternotte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 60. 1895.
Raised from seed of the Marie-Louise by Pierre Paternotte, at
Molenbeck-Saint-Jean, near Brussels, Bel. Tree vigorous and fertile.
Fruit large, long, yellow, dotted and marbled with gray; flesh white,
fine, melting, juicy; first; Oct. and Nov.
=Pierre Pépin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:532, fig. 1869.
A seedling raised by Leroy, Angers, Fr., and first reported in 1868.
Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, bossed, and swelled in its lower half,
more or less hollowed at either end, lemon-yellow, slightly clouded
with green and much speckled and spotted with brown; flesh whitish,
fine, melting, some grit around the core; juice abundant, saccharine,
vinous, and agreeably perfumed; first; mid-Sept.
=Pierre Tourasse. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 542. 1894.
Exhibited in France by M. Tourasse, its originator, in 1894. Tree
vigorous, upright, stocky, productive. Fruit of good size, broadly
turbinate, spotted with brilliant fawn color upon a clear yellow
ground, washed with orange and saffron; flesh fine, melting, very
juicy, rich in sugar; last of Sept. and first of Oct.
=Pimpe. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.
"The Pimpe peare is as great as the Windsor peare, but rounder, and of
a very good rellish."
=Pinneo. 1.= _Cultivator_ 304. 1845. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 833.
1869.
_Hebron_. =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =24=:419. 1858.
_Boston_. =4.= _Ibid._ 500. 1858.
The parent tree of this variety was found growing in a woodland, New
Haven, Conn., by Dea. Pinneo who transplanted it to a spot near his
dwelling about the year 1745. It was propagated and distributed over
many farms and found a good market in Boston. By error it acquired
also the names of _Boston_ and _Virgalieu_. Fruit medium or below,
globular-oblate, slightly pyriform, pale yellow, netted, patched,
and dotted with russet, slightly blushed on the sunny side; flesh
yellowish-white, fine, melting, juicy, rich, sugary, brisk, with a
refreshing and delicious aroma; good; Aug.
=Piton. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:533, fig. 1869.
A seedling found by M. Piton who lived at Cholet, Maine-et-Loire, Fr.
The Horticultural Society of Angers described it in its Pomology,
and it was named after its propagator. Fruit large to very large,
long-turbinate-obtuse, depressed at each pole, clear dull green, sown
with large russet dots; flesh white, semi-breaking and semi-fine,
watery, containing some grit below the core; juice rather vinous,
sugary, and more or less perfumed; second for dessert, first for
compotes.
=Pitson. 1.= _Gard. Mon._ =27=:14. 1885.
A handsome pear from Stone and Wellington, Fonthill, Ont. Fruit medium,
regularly pyriform, brown inclining to russet; good; Jan.
=Pius X. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =37=:309. 1905.
Described in 1905 as a new pear raised by the Alexiens Brothers at
Tirlemont, Bel. Fruit large, somewhat cylindric, greenish-olive, with a
few brown spots; flesh creamy-white, perfumed; reported to be of first
rate quality; Oct.
=Plantagenet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:534, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing
_Fr. Trees Am._ 834. 1869.
The Plantagenet was raised from seed by the old Horticultural Society
of Maine-et-Loire, The parent tree gave its first fruit in 1858 in
the Society's garden at Angers. Fruit above medium, irregular-ovate,
bossed, swelled at the central circumference, of a uniform bright
green, some russet around the calyx and sprinkled with numerous dark
brown dots; flesh whitish, fine or semi-fine, extremely melting; juice
very abundant, extremely saccharine, acidulous, possessing a delicious
perfume which gives an after-taste of musk; first; end of Sept. and
early Oct.
=Plascart. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:37,
fig. 115. 1878.
Sent out by the Society Van Mons, Bel., without any account of its
origin. Fruit below medium, turbinate-ovate, even in outline; skin
firm, pale water-green, covered with numerous large, brown dots, very
prominent, the green changing at maturity to a beautiful golden yellow,
washed on the side next the sun with a lively vermilion on which the
dots are golden yellow; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, rather firm and
breaking; juice rich in sugar and perfumed; good; Oct.
=Platt. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 535. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 834. 1869.
Originated on the farm of Thomas Tredwell, Beekmantown, Clinton County,
N. Y. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, pale yellow, netted and patched
with russet and sprinkled with russet dots; flesh whitish, juicy,
buttery, semi-melting, agreeable; good; Oct.
=Platte Honigbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:189. 1856.
Nassau, 1801. Fruit medium, obtuse-turbinate, light yellow-green,
with a pale blush, numerous gray dots, marked with russet; flesh
coarse-grained, aromatic; third for dessert, first for household; Sept.
=Pocahontas. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:525. 1847. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees
Am._ 834. 1869.
Originated at Quincy, Mass., and was exhibited before the Horticultural
Society of that State in October, 1847. Fruit below medium,
obovate-pyriform, yellow, netted, patched, and dotted with russet,
sometimes shaded in the sun with bright crimson; flesh white, juicy,
melting, sweet, slightly musky; pleasant; good to very good; Sept.
=Pöckelbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 192, fig. 1913.
A perry pear grown in Lower Austria. Fruit small to medium,
globular-turbinate; skin tough, shining, smooth, green changing to
greenish-yellow, blushed and streaked with red on the sunny side,
dotted with yellow-brown; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, juicy,
subacid; good; Nov.
=Poëte Béranger. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:536, fig. 1869.
A seedling of Leroy which first fruited in 1867 and was placed in
commerce in 1870. Fruit medium; form rather inconstant, nearly always
having unequal sides, globular, or obtuse-turbinate; skin fine, rough,
bright yellow shaded with green, dotted with gray and almost entirely
washed and mottled with brown-russet, more or less scaly; flesh
greenish-white especially under the skin, fine, extremely melting, free
from grit; juice very abundant, saccharine, acidulous, vinous, with a
delicate perfume; first; mid-Sept.
=Poire d'Abbeville. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 81. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._
=5=:99, fig. 338. 1880.
The Poire d'Abbeville probably originated at the city of that name in
the Department of the Somme, Fr.; for M. Jamin, Senior, propagated it
about 1837 when he received it from M. Bennet of Boulogne-sur-Mer,
who stated it was very well known and esteemed in the neighborhood
of Abbeville. Fruit large, globular-conic but irregular, water-green
sprinkled with numerous and large dots of fawn; at maturity the green
changes to lemon-yellow; flesh white tinted with yellow, coarse,
breaking, slightly gritty at the core, not very juicy or perfumed;
first for culinary purposes, keeps easily for a long period; winter.
=Poire d'Ange de Meiningen. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:105, fig. 341. 1880.
This pear has been in much request in the neighborhood of Meiningen,
Ger., for many years and should be distinguished from the ancient
_Poire d'Ange_, now called Boutoc, which it does not resemble. Fruit
small, ovate or ovate-pyriform, even in contour; skin fine, delicate,
bright green changing to beautiful bright lemon-yellow, the side next
the sun being blushed and streaked with vermilion; the very numerous
brown dots change on the blushed part to yellow; flesh tinted with
yellow, rather fine, semi-breaking; juice sweet and agreeably perfumed
but rather deficient; second; latter half of Aug.
=Poire d'Avril. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 536. 1857. =2.= Hogg _Fruit
Man._ 488. 1884.
Stated by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, to have been received by
them from England under this name. Fruit large, pyramidal, obtuse; skin
smooth and shining, of a lively dark green, with a brown tinge next the
sun, and patches of gray-russet on the shaded side, the whole surface
being covered with very large pale-colored specks; flesh crisp, juicy
and sweet; first class for cooking according to Messrs. Simon-Louis;
Mar. and Apr.
=Poire Brune de Gasselin. 1.= _Pom. France_ =4=:No. 165, Pl. 165. 1867.
Gained by M. Durand-Gasselin, architect at Nantes, Fr., from a seed
bed made in 1845. Fruit medium, ovate-pyramidal, yellow washed with
fawn-russet; flesh very tender, juicy, very sugary and perfumed; first;
Oct. and Nov.
=Poire de Casserole. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 89. 1876.
_Casserule._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 715. 1869.
Of foreign origin, probably French. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform,
yellow, with much russet and brown on cheek; flesh whitish, coarse,
granular, breaking, very juicy, rich, with high aroma; first quality
for cooking; Oct. and Nov.
=Poire des Chartriers. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:133, fig. 451. 1880.
This variety is mentioned by Van Mons in his Catalog and is therein
considered to be of Belgian origin. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform,
irregular and bossed; skin a little thick at first, water-green, rather
dark, sprinkled with very small and numerous dots of gray-brown, the
basic green becoming brilliant lemon-yellow and on maturity covered
on the side next the sun with golden russet; flesh yellow, very fine,
firm, buttery, melting, full of saccharine juice, vinous, perfumed;
first; Oct.
=Poire des Chasseurs. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:31, fig. 1857.
_Des Chasseurs._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 735. 1869.
A posthumous gain of Van Mons tasted for the first time in 1842 and
reported on by M. Simon Bouvier of Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium to
large, ovate-pyriform, greenish, dotted with russet, and much stained
with russet on the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish, coarse, watery,
melting, granular; juice vinous, agreeably perfumed; first; Oct.
=Poire de Coq. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:600, fig. 1867.
This variety is distinct from the _Poire de Coq_ synonymous with the
Beurré de Bruxelles, and is of unknown origin. It was cultivated for
many years in the old gardens of the Horticultural Society of Angers.
Fruit large, long-turbinate, bossed, strongly mammillate at apex,
citron-yellow, dotted and stained with dark gray, and washed with
bright carmine on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine
and melting; juice sweet with slight perfume but delicate flavor;
second; Sept.
Poire de Graisse. 1=.= Knoop _Pomologie_ =1=:111, Tab. IV. 1771.
Probably of Belgian or French origin. In Holland it is known as the
_Smeer-Peer_. Fruit medium, oblong, terminating acutely toward the
stalk, greenish and speckled with blackish-brown; flesh rather gritty,
soft, with a slightly spicy flavor; not of much value.
=Poire de gros queue. 1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =3.= 1807.
Fruit large, taking its name from its very thick stalk, globular,
yellow, flesh breaking; wanting in juice, having a very musky flavor.
=Poire de Hert. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =1=:145, fig. 71. 1866-73.
Mas states he received this variety from Thomas Rivers, the well known
English nurseryman of Sawbridgeworth near London, Eng. Fruit medium
or nearly medium, ovate-pyriform, symmetrical in contour; skin thick,
firm, very pale green all over, sprinkled with dots of gray, changing
when ripe to lemon-yellow; flesh white, fine, semi-melting; juice
sufficient, flavor refreshing, agreeable; good, of real merit for the
season; end of winter and spring.
=Poire de Houblon. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:101, fig. 51. 1872.
Origin unknown, but cultivated for a long time in many localities in
Germany. Fruit small, ovate or globular-ovate, swelled, usually regular
in contour, bright green, sown with grayish dots, passing to golden
yellow on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, a little yellow near the
center, coarse, semi-breaking, fairly full of sweet juice, with a fresh
perfume of rose; second rate for eating raw but an excellent variety to
dry; end of Aug.
=Poire de Klevenow. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:121, fig. 59. 1866-73.
Originated in the environs of Klevenow, a village of Pomerania,
Prussia. Fruit small or nearly medium, regular pyriform, sombre green
and yellow blushed with carmine; flesh white, slightly greenish, fine,
buttery; juice very sugary and abundant, vinous, perfumed; good;
mid-Aug.
=Poire Noire à Longue Queue. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:165, fig. 563.
1881.
Origin thought to be German. Fruit nearly medium, ovate-pyriform,
symmetrical in outline; skin thick, firm, dull green covered with a
network of gray-russet, through which a light yellow shows at maturity;
on the shaded side are some gray dots and on the sun-exposed side are
numerous large black-red spots; flesh white, transparent, semi-fine,
buttery; juice sufficient, saccharine, slightly acid; good for cooking;
Aug.
=Poire du Pauvre. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876. =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 163.
1889.
This pear was raised from seed of the Urbaniste sown in 1846. Fruit
medium or large, oval, pyriform, ventriculous; skin fine and shining,
white tinted with green, much covered with fawn around the two ends;
flesh white, rather fine, a little gritty around the center, very
melting; juice abundant, saccharine, and pleasantly perfumed, with a
fresh flavor and agreeable astringency; Oct. and Nov.
=Poire des Peintres. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
Described by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876 as a
new variety. Tree vigorous and very fertile. Fruit rather large,
oval-pyriform, dark yellow, extensively washed with lively red; flesh
melting, juicy, saccharine and highly perfumed; end of Aug. and Sept.
=Poire de Pendant. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:84. 1831.
"It is from the long stem by which this pear is suspended, which is
near two inches in length, that it obtains its title." The _Pendar_
of La Quintinye, and the _Hanging pear_ of Evelyn, although quoted as
synonyms of this pear, are probably not the same as they are said to
ripen in October. It is also very doubtful whether the synonyms of
_Pendar_ and _Knaves' pear_ given by Miller and Forsyth apply to this
fruit. Fruit, "The entire height of the fruit is twenty-eight lines,
and its breadth two inches, and sometimes a line more;" turbinate;
skin is ash-colored, approaching russet, and dotted over with small
points of russet; flesh greenish-white, melting, sweet, and partially
perfumed; end of Sept.
=Poire de Preuilly. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.
Published in the French _Revue Horticole_, 1870. Tree vigorous and very
fertile. This is a very large fruit used for decorative purposes. In
form it is similar to the Bartlett; skin yellow-green, speckled; flesh
breaking.
=Poire de Rateau. 1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:532. 1860.
Tree very vigorous when grafted on pear. Fruit very large, turbinate,
greenish-white, reddish and sown with russet dots on the side next the
sun; flesh breaking, slightly saccharine and perfumed; eatable raw, and
good for cooking; mid-Dec.
=Poire Rigoleau. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:136. 1854.
Introduced in 1854 as a new variety. Origin unknown. Fruit small,
nearly globular; skin thick, greenish-yellow, covered with russet
specks, little russet at either stem and calyx; flesh white, tender,
juicy, of a very pleasant flavor; first part of Nov.
=Poire du Roeulx. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1876.
On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876; it was
published in the _Revue de l'Arboriculture_ in France. Fruit medium,
pyriform, short, irregular, yellow clouded with fawn; flesh yellowish,
very melting, exceedingly juicy, very saccharine and with a very
exquisite perfume; first; latter half of Sept.
=Poire Souvenir d'Hortolès Père. 1.= _Pom. France_ =4=:No. 173, Pl.
173. 1865.
A variety unpublished previous to 1865 but cultivated in France,
where it had already existed for more than sixty years. Fruit small,
pyriform, usually growing in clusters strongly attached to the tree,
green, dotted, passing to yellow and washed with dark brilliant red on
the side of the sun; flesh white, firm, melting, slightly gritty; juice
abundant, with a strong perfume of Muscatel; good; July.
=Poire Thouin. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:177, fig. 473. 1880.
According to Diel, Poire Thouin was obtained by Van Mons. Fruit medium,
ovate, more or less short, usually symmetrical in contour, largest
circumference at center; skin a little thick and firm, bright green,
sprinkled with numerous inconspicuous spots of a darker shade, changing
to pale yellow, and washed with orange-red on the side next the sun of
well-exposed fruits; flesh white, coarse, breaking, full of saccharine
juice, perfumed; third, for the season of its maturity; early Sept.
=Poire de Torpes. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 107. 1876.
Tree hardy, very productive. Fruit rather large, globular, yellow
stained with russet; flesh fine, melting; good; Oct. to Dec.
=Poire des Trois Fréres. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 71, 308. 1876.
A wilding found near Maizieres-les-Metz, Fr. It was propagated by
Messrs. Maline and placed in commerce in 1863. Tree vigorous, very
fertile, and suitable especially for wind-blown situations. Fruit
medium, long, green; flesh whitish, buttery, sugary and perfumed;
first; end of Aug.
=Poire des Trois Jours. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 149. 1841.
_Trois Jours_. =2.= _Cultivator_, 340. 1847.
Kenrick says: "New and large; beurrée; of first-rate excellence,
ripening at Paris in November, according to M. Jamin."
=Poire de Vitrier. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:139, Pl. XLIV,
fig. 4. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:746, fig. 1869.
This is probably a variety of German origin, for Valerius Cordus, who
was a native of Hesse and died in 1544, spoke of it as abounding in
Saxony, in the suburbs of Eisleben, and very common in all Germany.
Duhamel du Monceau described it in France in 1768. Fruit medium, rather
regular-ovate, wrinkled and mammillate at the summit, dull yellow, much
clouded over with gray-russet, dotted with light brown, and vermilioned
on the side toward the sun; flesh whitish, watery, semi-fine and
semi-melting, gritty around the center; juice sufficient, sugary,
vinous, slightly musky; second; Nov. and Dec.
=Poire du Voyageur. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 107, 311. 1876.
Originated by M. Boisbunel of Rouen, Fr. Tree vigorous and fertile.
Fruit medium, pyriform, yellowish-green; flesh juicy, granular around
the core; third; summer.
=Poirier de Jardin. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr_. =2=:143, Pl. XIX,
fig. 3. 1768.