549 Cf. Martial 8. 51. 5: “Vera minus flavo radiant electra metallo”; it
is often uncertain whether electron means amber, or a combination of
4/5 gold and 1/5 silver.
550 χαριτοδότην Spanheim, cf. 148 D, χαριδότην Hertlein, MSS.
551 This is not in our Homer, but Julian may have in mind _Iliad_ 11.
76.
552 συνεκεκρότητο Hertlein suggests, συνεκροτεῖτο MSS.
553 ἀπαντώντων Spanheim, πάντων Hertlein, MSS.
554 Silenus is usually represented as bald.
555 Suetonius, _Augustus_ 16.
556 The Stoic philosopher.
557 Julian probably alludes to the influence on Augustus of Athenodorus
the Stoic.
558 A deity among the Thracians, who according to one tradition had been
a slave of Pythagoras; cf. Herodotus 4. 94; Plato, _Charmides_ 156
D; Julian 8. 244 A.
559 Cf. Plato, _Gorgias_ 525 D, E; _Republic_ 611 C; Tacitus, _Annals_
6. 6; Lucian, _Cataplus_ 27.
560 _Odyssey_ 16. 181; there is a play on the word πάροιθεν which means
also “in front.”
561 Δήμου Cobet, δήμου Hertlein, MSS., Δημοσθένους Spanheim.
562 _i.e._ Seleucus; cf. Suetonius, _Tiberius_ 56, 70.
563 Suetonius, _Tiberius_ 60.
564 Caligula.
565 _Knights_ 1111 foll.
566 Their riches were proverbial, cf. Juvenal 1. 109; 14. 32.
567 Tacitus, _Annals_ 11. 12; Juvenal 10. 330 foll.
568 τὸ σμῆνος Hertlein suggests, τὸν δῆμον MSS.
569 An allusion partly to the smoke of civil war, partly to the burning
of the temple of Jupiter Capitoline under Vitellius; the temple was
restored by Vespasian; Tacitus, _Annals_ 4. 81.
570 Titus.
571 Domitian.
572 Phalaris of Agrigentum.
573 Nerva.
574 ἵστασθαι Cobet, ἵπτασθαι Hertlein, MSS.
575 Hadrian.
576 Antoninus Pius.
577 A proverb for niggardliness; cf. Theocritus 10. 50.
578 Verus was the family name of Marcus Aurelius.
579 Lucius Verus.
580 Commodus.
581 Faustina.
582 καὶ before κολαστικός Hertlein suggests.
583 παιδάρια Cobet, MSS., παιδαρίδια Hertlein, V., m.
584 εἶπεν Hertlein suggests, ἐπεῖπεν MSS.
585 Geta.
586 Caracalla.
587 Heliogabalus; cf. _Oration_ 4. 150 D, note.
588 Alexander Severus was assassinated in 235 A.D.
589 Mammaea.
590 Valerian died in captivity among the Persians.
591 Euripides, _Phoenissae_ 120.
592 Slightly altered from _Iliad_ 2. 872.
593 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 6 D.
594 Cf. _Oration_ 4. 155 B.
595 An oracular verse ascribed to Rhadamanthus by Aristotle, _Nic.
Ethics_ 5. 5. 3; attributed to Hesiod, _Fragments_ 150 Goettling; it
became a proverb.
596 Plato, _Laws_ 659 E; a rhetorical commonplace; Themistius 63 B.
597 Cf. Plato, _Symposium_ 215; cf. Julian, _Oration_ 6. 187 A.
598 A reference to the oracle of Apollo which declared that Socrates was
the wisest man of his times.
599 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 7 A, B.
600 _i.e._ the two Maximians, the colleagues of Diocletian.
601 Constantine II, Constans and Constantius.
602 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 31, 33 foll.
603 ἑνός εἰσιν ἀντάξιοι Naber, ἑνὸς ὦσιν οὐκ ἀντάξιοι Hertlein, MSS.; V
omits οὐκ.
604 Caracalla.
605 Cf. Plato, _Laws_ 730 D; Julian, _Misopogon_ 353 D.
606 ἐκροφήσουσι Hertlein suggests, ἐκροφήσωσι MSS.
607 ἀφελοῦνται Hertlein suggests, ἀφέλωνται MSS.
608 Marcus Aurelius.
609 A reference to the water‐clock, _clepsydra_.
610 In this doggerel made up of tags of anapaestic verse, Julian
reproduces in the first five and last two verses the proclamation
made at the Olympic games. The first three verses occur in Lucian,
_Demonax_ 65.
611 πλεῖν Cobet, πλέον Hertlein, MSS.
612 ἐπῆλθε Hertlein suggests, περιῆλθε Cobet, παρῆλθε MSS.
613 οὔτι ταὐτὸν Hertlein suggests, τί τοσοῦτον MSS.
614 Cf. _Oration_ 1. 8 C.
615 Darius III.
616 Cf. _Oration_ 2. 56 C.
617 The “inner” sea was the Mediterranean.
618 Caesar, _De Bello Gallico_ 4. 25, ascribes this to the standard‐
bearer of the tenth legion.
619 γεγονὼς Petavius, Naber, γέγονας Hertlein, MSS.
620 τῇ νίκῃ before νικῶν Hertlein suggests; cf. _Oration_ 1. 59 D.
621 At Gades, on seeing a statue of Alexander; cf. Suetonius, _Julius
Caesar_ 7.
622 Led by Spartacus 73‐71 B.C.; Appian, _Civil Wars_ I. 116‐120.
623 Lucius Gellius; Plutarch, _Crassus_.
624 Licinius Lucullus the conqueror of Mithridates.
625 Caius Marius the rival of Sulla.
626 Furius Camillus repulsed the Gauls 390 B.C.; cf. _Oration_ 1. 29 D.
627 Cf. _Letter to Themistius_, 267 B.
628 A proverb for effeminacy; cf. Plutarch, _Pompeius_ 48; Juvenal 9.
133, _qui digito scalpunt uno caput_; Lucian, _The Rhetorician’s
Guide_ 11.
629 At Dyrrhachium; Plutarch, _Julius Caesar_.
630 An echo of Plutarch, _Apophthegmata_ 206 D.
631 Ἀντώνιος Cobet rejects, since Julian prefers to substitute
descriptive phrases for names.
632 ὅμως Cobet, ὅμως δὲ Hertlein, MSS.
633 Heracles.
634 τὸν Hertlein would add.
635 ἀποδεδειγμένα Cobet, ἀποδεδομένα Hertlein, MSS.
636 ἡσυχάζειν Reiske adds.
637 Suetonius, _Augustus_ 16; during the campaign against Pompey when
the fleet of Augustus was lost in a storm, he swore that he would
win in spite of Neptune.
638 Augustus was Julius Caesar’s nephew, and his son only by adoption.
639 A Stoic philosopher; cf. pseudo‐Lucian, _Long Lives_ 21. 23;
Suetonius, _Augustus_; Dio Chrysostom 33. 48.
640 _Letter_ 51. 434 A; _Letter to Themistius_ 265 C; Themistius 63 D.
641 ἄλλοι Reiske adds.
642 ἐμαυτοῦ Hertlein suggests, ἐμοῦ MSS.
643 ἔκγονον Wright, ἔγγονον Hertlein, MSS.
644 Cf. 309 C, _Oration_ 8. 244 A and note.
645 For this idiom cf. Milton, _Paradise Lost_ 4. 324.
“Adam the goodliest of men since born
His sons, the fairest of her daughters Eve.”
646 Euripides, _fr._ 417 Nauck.
647 ἀσθενῆ Sylburg adds.
648 After ἐτετελέκει Cobet suspects that several words are lost.
649 νίκης Cobet, MSS, δίκης Hertlein, V, M.
650 Maxentius.
651 Licinius.
652 A proverb for whatever perishes quickly; cf. Theocritus 15. Frazer,
_Attis, Adonis and Osiris_, p. 194.
653 οὐ κρίνειν ἐκ Hertlein suggests, οὐκ ἐκ MSS.
654 At the storming of the capital of the Mallians, probably the modern
city Multan, in 326 B.C., cf. Plutarch, _Alexander_; Lucian,
_Dialogues of the Dead_ 14.
655 Peucestes was wounded but saved Alexander’s life; Pliny 34. 8.
656 _Andromache_ 693 foll.: the passage continues “Tis not those who did
the work that gain the credit but the general wins all the glory.”
Cleitus was killed by Alexander at a banquet for quoting these
verses.
657 τὸν Κλεῖτον ἔδρασεν ἐργάσηται MSS.; Hertlein suggests omission of
ἔδρασεν.
658 μήτε εἶναι μήτε νομίζεσθαι Hertlein suggests, εἶναι μήτε νομίζεσθαι
MSS.
659 εἰπέ Hertlein suggests; cf. 333 D, εἶπε MSS.
660 οὔτοι V, Cobet, οὔτι Hertlein.
661 This is not according to history. The Senate gave Brutus and Cassius
proconsular power in their provinces.
662 Tyrant of Syracuse 405‐367 B.C.
663 Tyrant of Syracuse 317‐289 B.C.
664 Caius Caesar.
665 Julian refers to the custom of deifying the Emperors.
666 μὲν οὖν Hertlein suggests, οὖν MSS. καὶ before σὺ Cobet adds.
667 εἰπέ Hertlein suggests, cf. 331 D, εἶπε MSS.
668 διαπορήσας Reiske suggests to complete the construction.
669 Simonides _fr._ 5 Bergk.
670 Plato, _Protagoras_ 339 E ὥσπερ ὑπὸ ἀγαθοῦ πύκτου πληγείς.
671 _Iliad_ 9. 343.
672 A paraphrase of _Iliad_ 5. 897.
673 ζῶν Cobet, ἄγων Reiske, ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.
674 _Iliad_ 3. 55.
675 Kronos.
676 Introduction to Volume I. p. vii.
677 Constantius Chlorus.
678 cf. Libanius, _Oration_ 29. 220, where he warns the people of
Antioch that Caesarea had already robbed them of one sophist by the
offer of a higher salary, and exhorts them not to neglect rhetoric,
the cause of their greatness.
679 "The Discourse at Antioch" is an alternative title in the MSS.
680 In the seventh century B.C. Alcaeus of Lesbos and Archilochus both
suffered exile, and the latter fell in battle against Naxos. For the
misfortunes of Alcaeus, cf. Horace, _Odes_ 2. 13.
681 For Ismenias of Thebes cf. Plutarch, _Pericles_. The saying became a
proverb; cf. Dio Chrysostom, _Oration_ 78. 420; Themistius 366 B;
Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, “I have lived _mihi et Musis_ in
the University.”
682 συγκαταφαγὼν Cobet, καὶ συγκαταφαγὼν Hertlein, MSS.
683 Daphnis is the hero of bucolic poetry; Julian echoes Theocritus 12.
32 ὃς δέ κε προσμάξῃ γλυκερώτερα χείλεσι χείλη.
684 _Odyssey_ 22. 151; cf. Zonaras 13. 12. 213, Dindorf.
685 Κικέρωνι Naber, cf. Plutarch, _Cicero_, Κίμωνι Hertlein, MSS.
686 εἰ Reiske, ἃ Hertlein, MSS.
687 ὑμῖν καὶ Reiske, μὲν Hertlein, MSS.
688 cf. Plutarch, _Cicero_, who says that Cicero had a wart on his nose.
689 _i.e._ the altar of Dionysus which was set up in the orchestra.
690 ἀναμιμνήσκεσθε—φρενῶν Hertlein writes as prose; Brambs identified as
a fragment of Cratinus.
691 Cratinus, _Eunidae_ _fr._ 1; cf. Synesius, _Epistle_ 129; Julian
refers to Constantius, whom the people of Antioch now compare with
him.
692 Constantius.
693 Count Julian who had been Governor of Antioch. cf. _Letter_ 13.
694 Gallus his half‐brother.
695 ὀλιγιστάκις Hertlein suggests, ὀλιγάκις MSS.
696 περιλαμβάνει Cobet, καταλαμβάνει Hertlein, MSS.
697 εἰσιν οἳ Cobet, τινές εἰσιν οἳ Hertlein, MSS.
698 τὸν—κρύσταλλα Hertlein suggests, ᾧ ἐῴικει μάλιστα τοῦ λευκοῦ τούτου
τὰ κρύσταλλα, MSS.
699 ὑπογαίοις Naber, cf. Pliny _Ep._ 2. 17; ὑπὸ ταῖς Hertlein, MSS.
700 cf. _Oration_ 3. 113 C, note. Cobet thinks that the verse in
Menander, _Duskolos_ was αὐτὸς δ᾽ ἐμαυτῷ προστίθημι τοὺς πόνους.
701 For Solon’s visit to Croesus at Sardis cf. Herodotus 1. 29.
702 _Odyssey_ 8. 249.
703 _i.e._ bringing false accusations, which was the trade of the
sycophant or blackmailer.
704 Apollo who was worshipped at Daphne near Antioch.
705 _Iliad_ 7. 195
τόφρ᾽ ὑμεῖς εὔχεσθε Διί Κρονίωνι, ἄνακτι σιγῇ ἐφ᾽ ὑμείων, ἵνα μὴ
Τρῶές γε πύθωνται.
706 _Odyssey_ 22. 411.
707 _Iliad_ 6. 301.
708 ὁρμῇ μιᾷ Naber, ὁρώμενόν Hertlein, MSS.
709 μόνον θεούς Hertlein suggests, θεούς MSS.
710 τοῖς ὧν Naber, ὧν Hertlein, MSS.
711 _Odyssey_ 5. 12.
712 The phrase δρῦς καὶ πέτρα, literally, “the oak tree and the rock”
became a proverb for something hackneyed; cf. Hesiod, _Theogony_ 35,
ἀλλὰ τίη μοι ταῦτα περὶ δρῦν ἢ περὶ πέτρην;
713 The Christians invaded the shrine of Apollo at Daphne and the
priests of Apollo abandoned it to them. Julian destroyed the
Christian Church there and restored the worship of Apollo.
714 Literally the “day not to be mentioned,” _i.e._ “unholy day,”
_nefastus dies_, on which business was suspended.
715 πεπόλισται Cobet, Hertlein approves, πεποίητα
716 τὰ Hertlein suggests, τὸ MSS.
717 _i.e._ Antiochus.
718 cf. Plutarch, _Demetrius_.
719 _i.e._ Erasistratus.
720 The phrase occurs in Hesiod, _Works and Days_ 66, but not in Homer.
721 Stratonice.
722 In Plutarch’s version Antiochus married Stratonice during his
father’s lifetime.
723 ἐπώνυμον Hertlein suggests, ὁμώνυμον MSS.
724 _Iliad_ 24. 261.
725 _Odyssey_ 19. 396.
726 σε ὅτι—δεῖ Cobet, σε—δεῖν Hertlein, MSS.
727 αὐτοὺς Reiske, αὐτοῖς Hertlein, MSS.
728 Smicrines is a typical name in New Comedy for an avaricious old man;
Thrasyleon is said to have been used by Menander as the name of a
boasting soldier, “miles gloriosus.”
729 Theognis 215 foll. advises men to imitate the adaptability of the
polypus.
730 Mykonos was an island in the Cyclades whose inhabitants were
proverbial for poverty and greed.
731 The cordax was a lascivious dance.
732 Plato, _Republic_ 372 E.
733 The suitors of Penelope lived on pork and mutton.
734 Literally “pulse.”
735 Aristophanes, _Acharnians_ 180 uses these words to describe the
older, more robust generation of Athenians.
736 Xenophon, _Symposium_ 4. 28.
737 _i.e._ before he had been appointed Caesar.
738 cf. 352 C.
739 The chariot race in _Iliad_ 23.
740 The citharode played and sang to the lyre: Phemius was at the court
of Odysseus in Ithaca; Demodocus in Phaeacia.
741 Odysseus thus refers to Nausicaa in _Odyssey_ 6. 162.
742 _i.e._ Mardonius; it was a Sophistic mannerism to use such a
periphrasis instead of giving the name directly; see vol. i.
_Introduction_, p. xi.
743 Constantius was under the influence of the powerful eunuchs of his
court; they had been expelled by Julian, but Mardonius was an
exception to his class.
744 Basilina.
745 Athene.
746 πᾶσιν ἄδειαν Cobet, πᾶσι πᾶσαν ἄδειαν Hertlein, MSS.
747 Plato, _Laws_ 730 D.
748 ἐπονειδιστότατον Hertlein suggests, ἐπονείδιστον MSS.
749 Julian refers to Libanius the famous rhetorician; with him were also
Maximus of Ephesus, Priscus, Himerius and Oreibasius the physician.
750 ἀκούσῃς Hertlein suggests, ἀκούσαις MSS.
751 ἀρξαμένοις before πρῶτον Hertlein suggests, Klimek ἀποστᾶσι τῆς for
ἀπὸ τῆς.
752 In 272 B.C. the Romans took Tarentum.
753 The people of Antioch ridiculed the Pagan symbols, such as the
figures of Helios, the sun‐god, which Julian had engraved on his
coinage.
754 There was a statue of Calliope in the market‐place at Antioch.
755 The people of Emesa burned the Christian churches and spared only
one, which they converted into a temple of Dionysus.
756 A proverb to express complete indifference.
757 ἐκ βίβλων πολλῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν MSS.
758 The anecdote which follows is told by Plutarch in his _Cato the
Younger_ and also in his _Pompeius_.
759 Julian must have known that in Cato’s day the Romans never wore
beards.
760 cf. _Fragment of a Letter_ 299 C, note.
761 Plutarch.
762 ἐπιτηδείων—οἰομένοις—εὐδαιμονεστάτοις Hertlein suggests, ἐπιτηδείῳ
δήμοις ἐντυγχάνειν καὶ ὑπὸ τρυφῆς εὐδαιμονεστάτῳ MSS.
763 cf. Caesar, _Gallic War_, 6. 24.
764 ἐπιδείκνυσθαι Hertlein would add.
765 We do not know what sort of performance was given by a cotylist; he
was evidently a mime and may have played with cups; κοτύλη = a pint‐
cup.
766 _i.e._ may they have two such rulers as Constantius.
767 _i.e._ the sepulchres over which the Christian churches were built;
cf. 357 C, note.
768 ἐνεῖσαν Hertlein suggests, ἔδειξαν MSS.
769 Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, had been buried in the grove of Daphne,
and the priests of Apollo retired from it. When the church over his
tomb was demolished by Julian he removed the body of St. Babylas to
Antioch, and that night (October 22. 362 A.D.) the people of Antioch
burned the temple of Apollo which Julian had restored. Cf. Johannes
Chrysostomos, _De S. Babyla et contra Julianum_; and Libanius,
_Monody on the Temple of Apollo at Daphne_.
770 Kasios was the name of a mountain near Antioch where there was a
temple of Zeus.
771 μίαν ὄρνιν Hertlein suggests, ὄρνιν MSS.
772 ἕνα γε Hertlein suggests, ἕνα MSS.
773 μὲν οὖν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS.
774 cf. Themistius 332 D.
775 Julian probably alludes to the riot which took place at Antioch on
account of the famine in 354, when the populace killed Theophilus
the Governor and were punished for the murder by Constantius.
776 τῆς πόλεως Hertlein suggests, τὴν πόλι
777 Demosthenes, _Against Meidias_ 153 ἀποκναίει γὰρ ἀηδίᾳ καὶ
ἀναισθησίᾳ.
778 ἀλλὰ καὶ Reiske would add.
779 προστασία is sometimes used of the Imperial protection of a
municipal guild, and that may be Julian’s meaning here.
780 _Iliad_ 2. 542.
781 Julian, Count of the East.
782 Anacreon _fr._ 77, Bergk.
783 ἢ καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ MSS.
784 cf. _Oration_ 7. 204 B.
785 The Senatorship was an expensive burden.
786 οὐκ ἐπὶ—μέτρων Hertlein suggests, οὐ κατὰ—μέτρα MSS.
787 The modius was a bushel measure.
788 This does not occur in Hesiod or Pindar.
789 A phrase from an unknown oracular source.
790 The avenging goddess who is more familiarly known as Nemesis.
791 In 354 A.D. there was a riot at Antioch in consequence of scarcity
of food; Constantius sent troops to punish the citizens for the
murder of Theophilus the Governor of Syria.
792 cf. 340 A, 365 C.