+275.+ If you will refer now to Lesson 9 you will find that we studied
in that lesson concerning participle phrases; that is, several words
used as a participle. We found that these participle phrases may also be
used as nouns; as, for example:
His having joined the union caused him to lose his position.
_Having joined_ is here a participle phrase used as a noun, subject of
the verb _caused_. Participle phrases may also be used as adjectives.
You remember that we had four participle phrases, as follows:
+Present perfect+, _active_, having called.
+Present perfect+, _passive_, having been called.
+Progressive+, _active_, having been calling.
+Progressive+, _passive_, being called.
These participle phrases are used as adjectives to describe and modify
nouns, thus:
The soldier, _having joined_ his comrades, fought in the trenches.
The nurse, _having been watching_ for days, was nearly exhausted.
The passive phrases also are used as adjectives, thus:
The woman, _having been hired_ by the manager, went to work.
The man, _being attacked_, fought bravely.
Here the participle phrases _having been hired_ and _being attacked_ are
used as adjectives to modify the nouns _woman_ and _man_.
Use the participles and participle phrases of the verbs _see_ and _obey_
in sentences of your own.