Electricity - production: NA kWh
Electricity - consumption per capita: NA kWh
Agriculture - products: corn, beans; fish
Exports:
total value: $6.8 million (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities: lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
partners: US, UK
Imports:
total value: $42.8 million (1993)
commodities: food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures,
construction materials
partners: US, UK
Debt - external: $NA
Economic aid:
recipient : ODA, $NA
Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: US currency is used
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Turks and Caicos Islands:Communications
Telephones: 1,359 (1988 est.)
Telephone system: fair cable and radiotelephone services
domestic: NA
international : 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 7,000 (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: television programs are available from
a cable network, and broadcasts from the Bahamas can be received in
the islands
Televisions: NA
@Turks and Caicos Islands:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 121 km
paved : 24 km
unpaved: 97 km
Ports and harbors: Grand Turk, Providenciales
Merchant marine: none
Airports: 7 (1996 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (1996 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 2
914 to 1,523 m : 2 (1996 est.)
Military
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American narcotics
destined for the US
______________________________________________________________________
TUVALU
@Tuvalu:Geography
Location: Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the
South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to
Australia
Geographic coordinates: 8 00 S, 178 00 E
Map references: Oceania
Area:
total : 26 sq km
land: 26 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 24 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea : 12 nm
Climate: tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to
November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Terrain: very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Natural resources: fish
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other : 100% (1993 est.)
note: Tuvalu's nine coral atolls have enough soil to grow coconuts and
support subsistence agriculture
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: severe tropical storms are rare
Environment - current issues: since there are no streams or rivers and
groundwater is not potable, all water needs must be met by catchment
systems with storage facilities; beachhead erosion because of the use
of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest
undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of
the crown of thorns starfish
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
@Tuvalu:People
Population: 10,297 (July 1997 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 36% (male 1,871; female 1,803)
15-64 years : 59% (male 2,903; female 3,226)
65 years and over: 5% (male 229; female 265) (July 1997 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.45% (1997 est.)
Birth rate: 23.31 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Death rate: 8.84 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years : 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (1997 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 26.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 63.61 years
male: 62.44 years
female : 64.84 years (1997 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.11 children born/woman (1997 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan
Ethnic groups: Polynesian 96%
Religions: Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day
Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Languages: Tuvaluan, English
Literacy: NA; note - education is free and compulsory from ages 6
through 13
@Tuvalu:Government
Country name:
conventional long form : none
conventional short form: Tuvalu
former: Ellice Islands
Data code: TV
Government type: democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
National capital: Funafuti
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 1 October 1978 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Constitution: 1 October 1978
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor General Manuella TULAGA (since NA June 1994)
head of government : Prime Minister Bikenibeu PAENIU (since 23
December 1996) and Deputy Prime Minister Ionatana IONATANA (since 23
December 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the
recommendation of the prime minister
elections: the queen is a hereditary monarch; governor general
appointed by the queen on the recommendation of the prime minister;
prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the
members of Parliament; election last held NA December 1996 (next to be
held by NA 1997)
election results: Bikenibeu PAENIU elected prime minister; percent of
Parliament vote - NA; Ionatana IONATANA elected deputy prime minister;
percent of Parliament vote - NA
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono (12 seats -
two from each island with more than 1,000 inhabitants, one from all
the other inhabited islands; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 November 1993 (next to be held by NA 1997)
election results : percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 12
Judicial branch: High Court; note - a chief justice visits twice a
year to preside over sessions of the High Court
Political parties and leaders: none
International organization participation: AsDB, C (special), ESCAP,
Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US: Tuvalu does not have an embassy
in the US
Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy
in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Flag description: light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of
the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine
islands
Economy
Economy - overview: Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered
group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known
mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are
the primary economic activities. The islands are too small and too
remote for development of a large-scale tourist industry. Government
revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker
remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate
mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as
phosphate resources decline, which will present additional problems
for Tuvalu's already stretched economy. Substantial income is received
annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by
Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea.
In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government
is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some
government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $7.8 million (1995 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 8.7% (1995)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $800 (1995 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture : NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate - consumer price index: 2.9% (1989)
Labor force: NA
by occupation : NA
note: people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea,
reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those working abroad
(mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $4.3 million
expenditures: $4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1989 est.)
Industries: fishing, tourism, copra
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity - capacity: 2,600 kW (1995)
Electricity - production: 3 million kWh (1995)
Electricity - consumption per capita: NA kWh
Agriculture - products: coconuts; fish
Exports:
total value: $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)
commodities: copra
partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Imports:
total value: $4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)
commodities : food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured
goods
partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Debt - external: $NA
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $1.725 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.); $1.7
million from NZ (FY95/96)
Currency: 1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100
cents
Exchange rates: Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per
US$1 - 1.2835 (January 1997), 1.2773 (1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667
(1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Tuvalu:Communications
Telephones: 130 (1983 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 4,000 (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 0
Televisions: NA
@Tuvalu:Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 8 km (1995 est.)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: Funafuti, Nukufetau
Merchant marine:
total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 49,488 GRT/80,968 DWT
ships by type: cargo 7, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 1,
passenger-cargo 1 (1996 est.)
Airports: 1 (1996 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1996 est.)
Military
Military branches: no regular military forces; Police Force (consists
of full-time personnel 45, part-time personnel 16)
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: NA
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males: NA
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: NA%
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
______________________________________________________________________
UGANDA
@Uganda:Geography
Location: Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 236,040 sq km
land: 199,710 sq km
water: 36,330 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933
km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to
February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Terrain: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m
highest point: Margherita (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m
Natural resources: copper, cobalt, limestone, salt
Land use:
arable land: 25%
permanent crops : 9%
permanent pastures: 9%
forests and woodland: 28%
other: 29% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 90 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: draining of wetlands for agricultural
use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the
Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified : Desertification, Environmental Modification
Geography - note: landlocked
@Uganda:People
Population: 20,604,874 (July 1997 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 50% (male 5,126,249; female 5,092,583)
15-64 years : 48% (male 4,948,859; female 4,963,718)
65 years and over: 2% (male 234,351; female 239,114) (July 1997 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.14% (1997 est.)
Birth rate: 45.08 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Death rate: 20.98 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)
note : Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring
countries, including Sudan, Rwanda, and Democratic Republic of the
Congo, formerly Zaire; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese
fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 10,000 Rwandans who
took refuge in Uganda have returned home
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years : 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (1997 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 98.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 39.69 years
male: 39.3 years
female: 40.1 years (1997 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.52 children born/woman (1997 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Ugandan(s)
adjective: Ugandan
Ethnic groups: Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi
6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo
3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23%
Religions: Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous
beliefs 18%
Languages: English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages,
Nilotic languages
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.8%
male: 73.7%
female: 50.2% (1995 est.)
@Uganda:Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Uganda
conventional short form: Uganda
Data code: UG
Government type: republic
National capital: Kampala
Administrative divisions: 39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo,
Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala,
Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum,
Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto,
Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai,
Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo
Independence: 9 October 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Constitution: 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member
Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution
that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was
dissolved on promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Legal system: in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one
based on English common law and customary law and reinstituted a
normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of
state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since
seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18
November 1994) note - the president is both chief of state and head of
government; the prime minister assists the president in the
supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected
legislators
elections: president elected by popular vote; election last held 9 May
1996 (next to be held by 31 May 2001); note - first popular election
for president since independence in 1962; prime minister appointed by
the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president;
percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul Kawanga
SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (276 members serve
five-year terms; 214 directly elected by universal suffrage, but 62
are nominated by legally established special interest groups and
approved by the president - women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5,
labor 3)
elections: elections to the National Assembly (formerly the National
Resistance Council) took place on 27 June 1996 (next election to be
held in 2001);
election results: NA; note - election campaigning by party was not
permitted
Judicial branch: Court of Appeal; High Court
Political parties and leaders: only one political organization, the
National Resistance Movement or NRM [Dr. Samson KISEKKA, chairman] is
recognized; note - this is the party of President MUSEVENI; the
president maintains that the NRM is not a political party, but a
movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans
note: of the political parties which exist but are prohibited from
sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's
Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE], Democratic Party or DP [Paul
SSEMOGERERE], and Conservative Party or CP [Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI];
the new constitution confirms the suspension of political party
activity until 2000
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB,
ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA
chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK
embassy : Parliament Avenue, Kampala
mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone: [256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795
FAX: [256] (41) 259794
Flag description: six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow,
red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the
center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing
the hoist side
Economy
Economy - overview: Uganda has substantial natural resources,
including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral
deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important
sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is
the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues.
Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and
international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the
economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on
export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving
civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at
dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In
1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued
investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved
incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving
domestic security. The economy again prospered in 1995 with rapid
growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed
bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan
entrepreneurs.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $16.8 billion (1995 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 7.1% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $900 (1995 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 55%
industry : 12%
services: 33% (1995)
Inflation rate - consumer price index: 7.3% (1996 est.)
Labor force:
total: 8.361 million (1993 est.)
by occupation: agriculture 86%, industry 4%, services 10% (1980 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $766.5 million
expenditures : $894.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(FY94/95 est.)
Industries: sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Industrial production growth rate: 15% (1994)
Electricity - capacity: 155,000 kW (1995)
Electricity - production: 611 million kWh (1995)
Electricity - consumption per capita: 31 kWh (1995 est.)
Agriculture - products: coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava
(tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk,
poultry
Exports:
total value: $555 million (f.o.b., FY94/95)
commodities : gold, cotton, coffee, tea, corn, fish
partners: Spain 23%, France 14%, Germany 14%, Italy 10%, Netherlands
8%
Imports:
total value: $1.18 billion (c.i.f., FY94/95)
commodities: petroleum products, machinery, metals, transportation
equipment, cotton piece goods, food
partners: Kenya 26%, UK 12%, Japan 8%, Germany 8%, India 5.5%
Debt - external: $3.4 billion (1995 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA
Currency: 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,030.3 (December
1996), 1,046.1 (1996), 968.9 (1995), 979.4 (1994), 1,195.0 (1993),
1,133.8 (1992)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
@Uganda:Communications
Telephones: 54,900 (1989 est.)
Telephone system: fair system
domestic: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communications
stations
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 2.04 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 9 (1987 est.)
Televisions: 193,000 (1992 est.)
@Uganda:Transportation
Railways:
total: 1,241 km
narrow gauge: 1,241 km 1.000-m gauge
note : a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)
Highways:
total: 27,000 km
paved: 1,800 km
unpaved: 25,200 km (of which about 4,800 km are all-weather roads)
(1990 est.)
Waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake
Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
Ports and harbors: Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Merchant marine:
total: 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
5,091 GRT/5,943 DWT (1996 est.)
Airports: 21 (1996 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 10
over 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m : 1
under 914 m: 7 (1996 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m : 5
914 to 1,523 m: 5 (1996 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Wing
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 4,466,851 (1997 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males: 2,423,556 (1997 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $56 million (FY93/94)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 1.7% (FY93/94)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: none
______________________________________________________________________
UKRAINE
@Ukraine:Geography
Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and
Russia
Geographic coordinates: 49 00 N, 32 00 E
Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States
Area:
total: 603,700 sq km
land: 603,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 4,558 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km,
Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km,
Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km
Coastline: 2,782 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea : 12 nm
Climate: temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern
Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest
in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from
cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm
across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
Terrain: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),
and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south