CHAPTER XXII_The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume 47, 1728-1759 Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century

In which are contained the indulgences and favors conceded by the

supreme pontiffs to the brothers and sisters of Santa Misericordia of

the city of Manila, which are copied from the original briefs, relics,

with which it is enriched; with its authentic royal decree which

exempts and preserves it from visits by the ecclesiastical ordinaries,

in imitation of the royal house of Lizboa; the chaplaincies and becas

of which it is patron, the number of brothers of which this venerable

brotherhood is composed and those who serve this present year in the

Board of Santa Misericordia; and the report of the alms which are

given annually.

The purveyor and deputies who compose the illustrious Board of Santa

Misericordia at present are as follows: General Don Benito Carrasco

y Paniagua, purveyor (an office he has held three times previously);

secretary-in-chief for the king our sovereign of this noble city and

its deputation, with active voice and vote by privilege in its most

noble ayuntamiento; secretary of the board, Captain Don Juan Baptista

de Uriarte (author of this small work), regularly-appointed regidor

for his Majesty of said noble ayuntamiento, who as ex-treasurer

took charge of the office of secretary, in accordance with the

rules, in the absence of Sargento-mayor Don Joseph Antonio Nuño de

Villavicencio, general treasurer of the bulls of the Holy Crusade,

accountant regulator, regularly-appointed regidor of this noble city

and special notary of the Holy Office, as he has been promoted to the

post of accountant, a royal official of the royal treasury; treasurer,

General Don Miguel de Allanegui, accountant of accounts and results of

the royal treasury of these islands, and familiar of the Holy Office;

chapel-steward, General Don Joseph Verelo de Urbina; purse-steward and

attorney-general, Captain Don Antonio de Olivarria; prison-steward,

Sargento-mayor Don Joseph de Vega y Vic; steward of the plate, who

looks after the gathering of alms, Captain Don Simon de Amechezurra;

and deputies of the board, General Don Antonio Sanchez Zerdan, and the

sargentos-mayor, Don Joseph Beltran de Salazar, regularly-appointed

regidor for his Majesty of this noble city, Don Frutos Delgado, Don

Antonio Lopez Perea, also senior regidor of the city, and Captains

Don Domingo Allende and Don Sebastian de Arramburu.

[An act of May 22, 1728, orders a compilation to be made of the

indulgences and other things, in order that the high estimation of the

popes and sovereigns for the brotherhood may be apparent. Indulgences

have been granted by Urban VIII, Clement XI (September 20, 1717),

and Innocent XIII; and the latter has also approved the Institute

of the brotherhood. The latter own various relics. One reliquary,

bearing the papal arms, and conserved in an elaborate golden pyx

which is deposited in a tabernacle on the altar of the assembly room

of the brotherhood, contains a bit of the wood of the holy cross,

a bit of the swaddling clothes in which the child Jesus was wrapped,

a bit of a bone of St. Isabel the mother of John the Baptist, a bit

of a bone of St. Ignatius Loyola, and a bit of a bone of St. Pasqual

Baylon. Other relics are another bit of the wood of the cross, a

bone of St. Felix, pope and martyr, a letter of St. Pedro Baptista,

O.S.F., who was martyred in Japan, and a shinbone of St. Christina,

virgin and martyr. In addition, the brotherhood bears the title

of Apostolic syndic of the seraphic Order of St. Francis, and as

such its brothers enjoy all the privileges and exemptions conceded

to that order by apostolic bulls, and all of the indulgences,

privileges, etc., for all the provinces of Nueva España subject to

the obedience of the father commissary-general of the order. The

royal decree of June 20, 1623, confirms the rules and regulations

of the brotherhood. In consequence of this decree, the brotherhood

presents a petition to the governor asking him as royal vice-patron

to confirm the rules and regulations. This is done by special act

on September 4, 1625 by Fernando de Silva. They have already been

approved by Francisco Tello, and Gabriel de la Cruz, schoolmaster

of the cathedral, January 24, 1597. The royal decree of September

7, 1699, inserted in the decree of June 11, 1708, grants exemption

from government or religious visit. Notwithstanding this decree, the

effort has been made without success to subject the brotherhood to

visit. The closest of supervision has been exercised by the brothers

themselves. All the documents mentioned above are given by our author.]

Chaplaincies with collation

There are twenty-nine chaplaincies with collation, of which

the Board of Santa Misericordia is patron. They were founded by

different benefactors, so that in accordance with the conditions and

clauses which were provided in their foundations, the board appoints

the chaplains who are to serve them. Such appointees taking the

appointments which it sends to them (in which the obligation which

falls to each one is made known to them) present themselves before

the proper persons within the term which the holy Council of Trent

prescribes, for the approval and collation of those chaplaincies. It

is intimated to them at this time that they must inform the board

promptly that they have fulfilled their so necessary obligation for

the good government which is demanded in this. An account must be kept

in a separate book of chaplaincies, in the form which is always usual.

Lay chaplaincies

The lay chaplaincies, of which the board is also patron, number

ten. They are filled in accordance with the clauses of their foundation

by the chaplains whom the board appoints to serve them; in whose

despatch a different style is followed since they are lay.

Becas of collegiates

In the royal college of San Joseph of this city, Captain Diego Gonzalez

de Arcos founded two becas with a capital of 4,000 pesos, making the

Board of Santa Misericordia patron of them, with the condition that

the sons of [men from] Estremadura, and especially those of Villa de

Don Benito be preferred. Their vacancies are reported by the reverend

father rector of the said college.

Number of brothers in this venerable brotherhood and other

circumstances

The founders and brothers of this brotherhood, considering the work

and business in which they had to employ themselves continually in

fulfilment of the works of charity, prudently decided and decreed

by a chapter of the ordinances that there should be 250 brothers for

the due fulfilment of all the ordinances, in whom good report, sane

conscience, honest life, fear of God, observance of His commandments,

and prompt obedience to all that should be of service to God and to the

brotherhood, and the relief of one's neighbor had to be included. They

declared that they should not be single, unless they had reached

the age of thirty, but that being virtuous persons and of the said

qualities, they might receive dispensation and be received as brothers

if they were twenty-five years old or upward. But no one who was not

an oldtime Christian, and no one who had any obligatory duties that

could prevent him from serving in the brotherhood [could be a member];

neither could those who did not know how to read or to write. Among

said 250 brothers would be always the management and government of

the house, and the election of the officers, with obligation to serve

God by those who should be elected and appointed by the purveyor and

brothers of the board if there were no legitimate obstacle to prevent

that. Before they should be admitted as brothers, the secretary

of the house was to enter in the book of the brotherhood that its

ordinances should be submitted to them, so that having seen and read

them, they might determine whether they could fulfil them. And if they

were questioned by the board in regard to them, and were found with

a mind resolved to observe them and to serve according to the rules

in the brotherhood, an oath was to be taken from them on the holy

gospels in a missal before the purveyor and brothers of the board,

to the effect that when they should hear the signal of the house,

or the bells, with the sign that had been arranged for the summoning

of the brothers, they should come to the house to perform the works

of charity in accordance with the orders that they should receive

from the purveyor and brothers of the board; and also if they were

summoned in the name of the aforesaid and there was no legitimate

obstacle. The above was to be a matter of conscience. They were also

to swear to keep the secrets of the board and the rules, when they

should be summoned by the board, and were obliged, notwithstanding

their oath, to recite fourteen Pater Nosters and fourteen Ave Marias

for the deceased brothers, and, having done that, they were to be

received as brothers, and their names to be inscribed in the book of

the brotherhood.

Annual alms given by the house of the Santa Misericordia of the city

of Manila

Since we have to furl the sails to this discourse, because of the

limits of time, and make an end to this small work in these last

chapters, I thought it important to first make an extract (although

with much labor) of all the alms and sums of pesos, produced by the

funds which are administered by the house of Santa Misericordia, during

the years when--all being complete, and no disaster of earthquakes

coming upon them, or shipwrecks or other accidents, which depend on

time--it distributes to the benefit of all this community. I was also

moved to this interesting task by making charts of all the funds and

their pious purposes, by having met in the first part of the life of

the venerable and most reverend father master, Fray Simon de Roxas,

a great servant of God and a member of the Order of the Santissima

Trinidad de Redemptores [i.e., the Most Holy Trinity of Redeemers]. [3]

written during the year 670 by the very reverend father master, Fray

Francisco de Arcos, preacher and theologue of his Majesty, and of

the tribunals of his royal conscience, etc., in which he refers to

a paragraph of a letter which Juan Baptista Labaña wrote during the

voyage from Portugal of Don Phelipe III (of happy memory), in which

he cited folio 16; and in the life of the said venerable father, a

description of the alms which the royal house of Santa Misericordia

of the court of Lisboa distributed in the year 619, and of those

which regularly and annually it distributes in the pious ends which

are contained in the said chapter, is found in book 8, chapter x,

pp. 418-420. It states that those alms are about 30,000 ducados

annually. Inasmuch as chapter xi of this work states that the alms

distributed by this house of Santa Misericordia of the city of Manila

amounted to about 70,000 pesos, I have determined to prove the said

proposition part by part, passing over the circumstances which are

found in the said chapter, and making a clear demonstration of their

reality, without failing one jot in the truth, which is required in a

matter of so great importance, and which has to yield in so great glory

to the Spanish monarchy. It is a pity that in the circumstances of the

present case, there should be many who opposed the truth as it did not

issue so clear and apparent in all the books of the house which treat

of this matter; and necessarily I am obliged to give it by imagining

charts which are fitting and do not leave the least reason for doubt.

This having been granted, therefore, I assert that the alms and sums

of pesos received by the holy cathedral church and the sacred orders

of this city, the beaterios, confraternities, the venerable tertiary

order, the house for sheltered women, the hospice of San Jacinto, the

colleges (without including that of Santa Misericordia, St. John of

God and its infirmary), the province of Camarines, and the Indians of

Marinas Islands, amount to 25,520 pesos. In the alms given for masses,

5,777 pesos are also distributed as a suffrage for the blessed souls

of purgatory; among the poor prisoners of this city, 2,691 pesos;

as a benefit to the school of Santa Isabel, which belongs to the

brotherhood, in the divine worship of its church, the salary of its

chaplains, servants of the house, support, clothing and other things

which are spent for the girl collegiates (the number of those at

present are 58 inmates, rectress, and portress, 9 wards, and 6 slave

women, who serve in it), and repairs of said school (in which alone

this present year about 6,000 pesos have been spent), they give and

apply 10,700 pesos; as dowries for the said girl collegiates and other

orphan daughters of noble parents of this city, 16,000 pesos; for the

relief of the necessities of poor Spaniards, widows, self-respecting

poor, 6,936 pesos. Besides these sums 3,000 pesos are set aside for

the benefit of the above-mentioned purposes which, with somewhat more,

are produced by the sums at interest, and also 1,200 pesos which are

yielded by the encomienda which his Majesty applied to the Board of

Santa Misericordia in the provinces of the Ylocos and Leite. Therefore

totaling up the eight items of pesos above applied, the amount is

71,824 pesos produced by the funds administered by this house, as is

adjusted with the greatest exactness. One may see by the sums that

result to the benefit of so many pious ends, the reality and truth

of the said proposition, and consequently, the great succor of silver

for the relief of the needs of its neighbor. Surely I believe that in

this small work of rich treasures, an extraordinary splendor for the

house must shine forth (with the new discovery of so abundant a mine,

which has been buried in silence in the extensive field and space

of 134 years); a prodigy which looks to Spain for the non-moderation

of this great house of Misericordia in the most remote parts of the

world. I believe that without injury to the greater (if it can be

that there is another which exceeds it), it merited as panegyrist of

its glories (although with more time) a nature suitable to its worth

and greatness. Lastly placed in the royal crown of España, it will

be one of the most precious stones which beautify that crown with

its rich splendor, for the greater honor and glory of God our Lord.

SURVEY OF THE FILIPINAS ISLANDS

[Part I]

[Title-page:] Relation in which, by order of his Catholic Majesty

(may God keep him) are set forth the towns, castles, forts, and

military posts of the provinces subject to his royal dominion in

the Philipinas islands. With sketches of their plans and detailed

accounts of the supplies, soldiers, wages, rations, and ammunition,

required to maintain them; the annual amount of these, and the product

of the incomes and amounts set aside for them from which they are

obtained. All these provinces are described, with information not

only of essential but of curious matters, with a summary of what

they yield for the royal treasury; an account of it is given, with

a general résumé of the fixed income and charges of the treasury,

drawn up by the field marshal, Don Fernando Valdés Tamón, in whose

charge is the government of these islands. In the year 1739. [4]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY OF MANILA

The island of Luzon (it is also called Nueva Castilla) is the largest

of all those which submit to the Catholic crown in this Philippine

archipelago. Its figure is that of an arm somewhat doubled, and

the latest observations give it three hundred and fifty leguas of

circumference, and two hundred leguas of length. Its width cannot be

accurately stated, because the land is in some places broad and in

others narrow, although it is known that it is longer from the elbow

to the shoulder, and in that distance it is noticed that the greatest

width is forty-three leguas; and it is about twenty-two leguas from the

elbow to the hand of this imaginary arm. In this remotest part, then,

of the Spanish domain, in 14° 48' of northern latitude and 158° 38'

of eastern longitude, is situated Manila, [5] nearly in the middle of

its mainland, in the region of the elbow of its [imaginary] figure;

and there, as being the capital of all the Spanish possessions in

the Philipinas Islands, resides permanently the royal Audiencia

with its president the captain-general, the archiepiscopal see,

and other tribunals. The number of citizens who distinguish the city

is astonishingly small; these are the Spaniards who live within the

walls, and in the wards of Binondoc and Santa Cruz, which adjoin it;

and although in these places there is an astonishing number of people,

I have the idea that they are a contemptible rabble, excepting the

small number of the Spaniards. It was June 24, 1571, when Manila was

founded, and it recognizes as its founder the adelantado Miguel Lopez

de Legazpi--a hero in truth, worthy of the greatest praises for the

bravery, judgment, and good fortune by which he was distinguished in

these conquests.

The site which this town occupies [6] is a point of land on the shores

of the sea, in a bay thirty leguas in circumference; into this falls

a river of considerable size, which comes down from a lake distant

five leguas from the city on the eastern side--by which it flows,

surrounding the city, and in its progress washes its walls, until it

pours its waters through the bar.

Up to this time the secular government has been in charge of forty

governors, twenty-three of them proprietary, and seventeen ad

interim. The ecclesiastical government likewise has had one bishop

and thirteen archbishops. Both these numbers are carefully estimated

from the list of [those who have held] both dignities.

The fortifications with which this town is girt about are everywhere

of irregular shape, in accordance with the surface of the ground. Its

walls, although of masonry, are not regarded as inferior--if one

considers the good quality of the stone, which is easy to work on

account of being soft--to those of mud or brick. On the other hand,

I am persuaded that an injustice would be done to our walls if one

should deny them the advantage of the former kind and the solidity of

the latter, in view of their great resistance; for in the course of

more than a century since their construction, some slight decay has

been noticed only occasionally, and in places here and there little

sheltered from the salt winds; and this is remedied, or the wall is

preserved, by applying a thin coat of lime, an idea which has come as

the result of experience. Its circuit appears to be 12,498 Castilian

feet, both its extremities closing in with the castle of Santiago,

which, on account of its position, occupies in Manila the place of

the citadel.

The bastions in its circuit are twelve, all furnished with terreplein;

nine are small, and the others large, of the regular size. In one

of these last, named "San Andres," there is a powder-magazine,

bomb-proof, which the present governor caused to be constructed;

an incentive to building this was the little shelter afforded by a

mere shed in former times, and the exposed condition of its contents

to the shots of a besieger; these risks that were feared have ceased

at sight of the present fortification. There are two sentry-towers

incorporated with the said wall, and besides this there are a

ravelin and a crown-work. All this is a very respectable aggregate,

as contributing to the greatest defense of the city; the situation

of each of these defenses will be described in the proper place.

The gates of this city are six, two main entrances and four

posterns. Of these Santa Lucia and Palacio, which look toward the west,

allow passage to the shore--as also on the north side Santo Domingo and

Almacenes give passage to the river. The main gates are distinguished

by the names Real and Parian. The latter is situated in the middle

of the curtain which faces the northeast between the San Lorenzo

and San Gabriel bastions; and inside of it is its guard-station,

capacious enough to lodge a company of men. Corresponding to the

empty space below, in the upper part it has a spacious sentry-tower,

furnished with some cannons, which, by favor of its sides defends the

collateral bulwarks--a fortification which, it may be supposed, was

placed here in order to make up for the defect of the extraordinary

length of this curtain.

The outer works of this are thus composed: a crown-work, which masks

the gate; a fausse-braye [falsabraga], which extends from the flank of

the bastion San Gabriel, until it almost reaches the said gate, there

leaving room for a little bridge for communication with the crown-work

already mentioned; a ditch, of which we shall treat further on; its

covered way, parapet, and palisade, with its esplanade, the whole

regularly surrounded, so far as the narrowness of the place permits;

and at its foot a quagmire, which serves as an outer ditch. At the

end of this, and along its outer margin, extending toward the south,

there is a grand highway, which at its beginning is joined with another

but small road, which lies between the outer ditch and the river;

and both of these connect with a little bridge, next to a small fort

which was erected for the guards stationed at the large bridge which,

close by, crosses the river.

The ditch of the half-curtain (of which mention was reserved for this

place, in order to avoid confusion) is formed by the waters which

overflow from the river at the rise of the tides. It starts from the

angle defended by the bastion San Gabriel, and extends until it is

very near the Parian gate, with a counterscarp--which there leaves

it, bending toward the crown-work, and thus is left almost isolated,

with a small arm. This, a little farther, adds all its waters, as

if on deposit, to the outer ditch already mentioned. Not thus the

main ditch; for this, overflowing the right side according to the

amount of water which it receives [from the river], continues its

course along the margin of the grand highway, more or less closely

according to its curves, until, coming close to the walls, it ends

its course round about them, close to the bastion San Diego. At this

place art has imposed restraints on it, having in mind, no doubt,

the frequent inundations to which that vicinity would be exposed

if (as was easy for it) this ditch should come to unite its waters

with the sea. From this measure of prudence resulted two benefits of

special importance, in which both the fortified post and the public

are directly interested--the former, on account of the advantage which

it enjoys (as may be seen in the plan) in the fact that the ditch

serves it as a moat on the eastern and southern sides; and the latter,

because it is utilized for the great number of vessels which, aided by

the rising tide, come up to the Puerta Real to discharge their lading.

This is one of the two principal gates already mentioned. It is located

on the southern side of this town, in the curtain which defends the

bastions San Diego and San Andres, although nearer to the latter; and

it much resembles the gate of the Parian (although built in different

style) in its convenience and its fortifications--for it has, like

the former, a guard-station and watchtower, similarly arranged and

equipped. It is only noted that this curtain, peculiar among all,

is the only one which is furnished with terreplein; for this reason

some cannons (which defense the others lack) have been placed in it.

Its other exterior works, arranged according to their order, are

reduced to a bridge that can be raised, a moat with its counterscarp

faced with stone [revestido], and at a little distance a ravelin in

condition for defense--notwithstanding which, on account of masking

the gate it is not found in front of the half of the curtain which

was its proper place. Although this gate had the remaining features

of covered way, parapet, palisade, and esplanade, they were entirely

in ruins at the time when this government began--which induced us to

plan them anew, in modern style, and of much better quality than were

the old ones.

All the curtains which face the western and northern part of this

fortress are, without question, the weakest part of its defenses;

but on the supposition (which is believed to be a remote contingency)

that European armies may move to attack it in earnest--and it may be

regarded as an enormous undertaking by our enemies here, who are most

laughable on account of their lack of discipline and of forts--the

natural defenses are apparently even more than sufficient. For it has

on the west the waters of the bay for a moat, and on the north a river

that is broad and deep; and with this all fears may be laid aside.

There is also maintained in this city, at the expense of the royal

treasury (as being a necessity), a foundry for artillery, grenades,

and cannon balls of all calibers; and an iron-furnace, where men are

continually forging, according to the occasion, many hand-weapons and

some firearms. The metals for these are transported from countries

beyond the sea. Besides these, a scant half-legua to the south, is the

powder-factory, which is enclosed by a triangular redoubt of stone

and mortar, with seven mounted iron cannons, and fortified by three

demi-bastions. This factory supplies gunpowder to Manila and the forts

dependent on it; to the ships of his Majesty which sail annually to the

port of Acapulco and the Marianas Islands; to the armadas which, when

any danger from enemies arises, are made ready on the opposite shore;

and to the public festivals. More than enough to cover the expense is

received from those who wish to buy it, to whom it is furnished for

their money. The ingredients of its composition are produced in the

country, except the saltpetre, which is brought from foreign countries.

Artillery, mounted and dismounted, of this fort, with whatever is

necessary for handling it

Bronze cannons Caliber Iron Caliber

cannons

1 3 2 2

1 4 13 4

1 5 6 5

2 8 10 6

1 9 11 8

1 14 4 10

1 16 4 12

15 8 4 14

7 20 5 18

3 22 4 20

2 24 2 30

6 25

2 stone-mortars, 90

for moat-guards

-- --

43 bronze cannons 65 iron cannons

Military supplies kept in reserve, independent of those used in

actual service

20,370 iron cannon-balls, as reserve for the said artillery.

18 bronze stone-mortars, with their chambers.

5 iron esmerils.

4 iron pinzotes.

458 match-lock arquebuses.

409 flint-lock guns and [hand-] cannons, with bayonets.

34 pairs of pistols.

20 blunderbusses, bronze and iron.

2,267 short swords, cutlasses, and broadswords.

1,097 iron grenades.

50,342 lead bullets, of suitable size.

800 arrobas of gunpowder, kept in reserve.

The fighting men who serve in the said royal camp of Manila comprise

nine companies of Spanish infantry. The first is under command of the

captain-general; the second, of the master-of-camp; the third, of the

sargento-mayor; and the rest, under six captains who are appointed

by this government. Each company has its alférez, its sergeant, and

also its minor posts of page, standard-bearer, fifer and drummer;

and, in all, there are six hundred and seventy-five soldiers. There

are also a captain and thirteen halberdiers, the personal guard

of the governor and captain-general; two paid adjutants, and seven

supernumeraries; one deputy-commander of artillery, with his head

gunner, and thirty-six artillerists. There is a military engineer,

and an overseer of the royal works; and there are masters and a

suitable number of workmen for casting artillery, operating forges,

and making gunpowder. There are also, to serve as workmen in the said

shops, a company of Pampango infantry, with their captain, alférez,

sergeant, standard-bearer, and two hundred and forty-three regular

soldiers--more or less, according to circumstances.

The wages and rations of the said soldiers are paid monthly, excepting

the captain-general, who receives his pay every four months and at

the rate of 8,000 pesos (each of 450 maravedis of silver) a year. The

amount each one receives is stated thus:

Officers: The master-of-camp, 137 pesos, 6 tomins; the sargento-mayor,

30 p.; the six captains, each 15 p.; the captain of the guard, 24 p.;

the deputy commander of artillery, 25 p.; the military engineer,

25 p.; the overseer of works, 20 p.; two paid adjutants, each 8

p.; the seven supernumeraries, each 6 p.; the alferezes, each 4 p.;

the sergeants, each 3 p.; the head gunner of the artillery, 8 p.;

the Pampango captain, 4 p., 4 t.; his alférez, and his sergeant,

each 2 p., 4 t.

Soldiers: The Spanish soldiers, each 2 pesos; the halberdiers, each

3 p.; the artillerists, each 2 p.; the drum-major, 3 p.; the pages,

standard-bearers, one fifer, and the other drummer, each 2 p.; the

Pampango soldiers, each 1 p., 2 t., and some of them have extra pay;

one Pampango standard-bearer, with [blank] p., 6 tomins.

To all the above are furnished respectively a ration of rice,

excepting the captain of the guard, the engineer, and the overseer

of works--for which purpose are used 7,4543 1/2 fanegas of rice

a year--and the wages amount annually to 34,139 pesos, 3 tomins;

the latter are paid from the royal treasury of Manila, which, as it

has to meet the other charges which are imposed on the amount of the

royal revenues, has not, it is acknowledged, funds adequate for this

purpose, as will be made manifest in the proper place.

THE CASTLE OF SANTIAGO

It has a circuit of 2,030 feet; its shape is almost triangular. Its

fortifications on the southern side, which faces the city, include

a curtain with terreplein, flanked by two demi-bastions; it has a

fausse-braye, and a ditch which communicates with the river. On the

northern side, toward the entrance of the ditch, in place of a bastion

is raised a cavalier with three faces or batteries; one of these

fronts the sea (the anchorage included), another the said entrance,

and the third the river itself. This last side of the cavalier

joins a large tower of the same height as the walls; and through the

tower there is a descent to a semi-circular platform or battery, at

the level of the water, with which the aforesaid triangular figure

of this castle is completed. Through these sides the fort has the

necessary communication with the city, through its principal gate,

which faces that way; with the river, and with the shore or beach

of the sea, by a postern gate which furnishes passage to it. All the

above will be better understood by referring to the proper plan folio

[blank in MS.] where also will be found, placed in their order, the

guard-stations, the barracks of the troops who garrison it, and the

quarters of the warden and his subalterns. The reduced size of the

plan has not allowed room for showing other buildings distinctly, such

as the chapel, various storehouses (among these the powder-magazine,

which is bomb-proof), the dungeons, the reservoirs of water, etc.

Artillery mounted and dismounted, with the necessary articles for

its handling

Bronze cannons Caliber Iron Caliber

cannons

4 2 1 3

2 4 1 4

1 6 1 5

3 8 1 6

1 10 2 16

3 16 2 25

8 18 4 32

3 20

4 25

-- --

29 bronze cannons 12 iron cannons

Reserve supplies

1,534 iron cannon-balls, kept in reserve for the said artillery.

1 bronze mortar, carrying a 300-libra ball.

95 muskets.

85 match-lock arquebuses.

3,414 balls for these guns.

161 grenades.

80 bar-shots.

80 lanterns (a contrivance for [using] fire and stone).

148 Turkish swords, pikes, broad daggers, hand-spikes, lances,

and gun-forks.

200 arrobas of gunpowder, kept in reserve.

The troops in the regular garrison of the said castle are composed

of one company of Spanish infantry, commanded by the warden (who is

appointed by his Majesty), with a lieutenant-commander, an orderly

aide-de-camp, an alférez, a sergeant, and five minor posts--those of

page, standard-bearer, fifer, and two drummers. It has sixty regular

soldiers, one head gunner, and twelve artillerymen. The fort has also,

as workmen in the shops, Pampango soldiers in a company of infantry,

with their captain, alférez, sergeant, the three minor posts of

standard-bearer, fifer, and drummer, and ninety regular soldiers,

three of them receiving extra pay.

The wages and rations of the said troops are paid monthly, in the

form which is shown in the following schedule:

Officers: The warden, 66 pesos, 5 tomins; his lieutenant, 15 p.;

the aide-de-camp, 5 p., 6 t.; the alférez, 4 p.; the sergeant, 3 p.;

the head gunner, 4 p.; the Pampango captain, 6 p.; the alférez and

the sergeant, each 2 p., 4 t.

Soldiers: The sixty Spanish soldiers, each 2 pesos; the twelve

artillerymen, each 2 p.; the page, the standard-bearer, the fifer,

and the drummers, each 2 p.; the Pampango soldiers, and the men in

the minor posts, each 1 p., 2 t.

These wages amount in the year to 4,595 pesos in cash; and the rice,

of which rations are issued to all, to 1,219 1/2 fanegas. All this

expense is met from the royal treasury and storehouses of Manila;

the exact statement regarding it will be found at the end.

DESCRIPTION OF CAVITE

In sight of Manila, and south-southeast of it, at a distance of

three leguas by way of the waters of the bay, and six short leguas by

land--in 14° 31' of north latitude, and 158° 38' of east longitude--is

the port of Cavite, which is formed by a tongue of land, curved from

east to west; it is 5,100 feet long, and 1,200 feet broad. It is

the ordinary anchorage for the ships of his Majesty and of private

persons, as well as for the pataches belonging to the commerce of the

various Oriental peoples, who come here to carry it on every year,

at regular times.

Its population is composed of the soldiers who garrison its castle,

and those of other posts; the sea-faring men who serve in the vessels

of the [Acapulco] trade-route, and in various other vessels, in the

royal service; and the men who compose the force of the navy-yard,

for the repair and the building of ships. Among so many, the citizens

of most prominence are the pilots, boatswains, and other officers of

the ships and the Ribera. The entire government--political, military,

and social--is in the hands of a warden and chief magistrate, who is

not responsible to any one except the captain-general.

Its principal fortification consists of the fort San Phelipe, the

shape of which is an irregular quadrilateral; it is situated toward

the point of the Ribera, at a distance from it of about 1,100 feet. It

has four bastions with orillons, in old style; its western curtain,

in which is its gate, has a fausse-braye; and its southern curtain,

on the shore of the Ribera, has a barbette battery of twenty mounted

cannons. A similar account of the two remaining curtains is omitted,

because in them there is nothing new for notice. The circuit of

the fort is 1,410 feet; and within it are located, in due order,

lodgings sufficient for the soldiers in its garrison, an armory,

a powder-magazine, a water reservoir, and other offices necessary to

the service.

On the western side, which is contiguous with the village of San Roque,

this fort is also fortified by a curtain 540 feet long, which, with

the two large towers which flank it, occupies the entire width of

the tongue of land, and, with a revetted moat, leaves Cavite almost

isolated; it would be feasible to make it entirely so by the union

of the two bodies of seawater--with experience of fatal results,

if the double defense of a counterscarp were not interposed. This

curtain has, as a mask to its gate, a half-star work with its own

gate, which is the one that people call Puerta Vaga; and these two

entrances furnish, for the said town and Manila, the only passage by

land that is found in this port.

To this fortification is added another, and of no less importance,

the necessity of which was made evident by warnings; and the plan of

its structure was thought out by experience. For, having noted in less

than fifty years the repeated ravages caused in this port, on the north

side, by the violence of the sea when driven by the north winds--which

indicated its entire destruction in the future--the superior government

decided to construct a stable barrier, by which the so great damage

that was feared might be prevented. This was carried out by the

engineer then in charge, by constructing in the water a barrier of

stone and mortar, large enough to be able to resist such attacks,

and of height equal to that of the highest tides, on a foundation of

pile-work and beams. This work extended from the point of the Ribera,

on the side which was endangered, until it reached the northern tower

of the curtain which is mentioned in the preceding paragraph--that is,

the entire length of Cavite. Upon this breakwater he raised a parapet

with its banquette, in which were formed the bastions, demi-bastions,

flanks and curtains, as this line gave opportunity, and in the plan

of Cavite they are indicated; but all these works were at the level

of the water. For its greater permanency, command was given to cast

into the water outside, at the foot of the pile-work, a number of

stone-heaps; since these are always multiplying themselves, an evident

benefit has resulted.

The arms and supplies for the maintenance of these forts are those

which here are scheduled.

Artillery, mounted and dismounted, in the port of Cavite, with all

that is necessary for its handling

Bronze cannons Caliber Iron Caliber

cannons

10 1 6 1

1 2 43 2

1 3 9 3

1 4 21 4

2 6 46 6

26 8 25 8

4 10 35 10

15 12 15 12

4 14 8 14

1 16 1 16

19 18 41 18

10 25 1 20

7 30

2 35

2 40

1 stone-mortar,

of 300 libras.

--- ---

109 bronze cannons. 257 iron cannons.

Military supplies kept in reserve, independent of those used in

actual service

2 esmerils of bronze, of 8-onza caliber.

4 small iron cannon, of the same caliber.

101 swivel-guns, with 216 chambers and quoins, of iron.

16,905 iron cannon-balls, suitable for the said artillery.

207 bar-shots of iron, "diamond point."

67 iron crowbars.

22 iron angelots. [7]

190 iron grenades.

142 muskets.

221 match-lock arquebuses.

16 guns, some with bayonets.

9 pistols.

1 blunderbuss.

6,672 balls corresponding to these weapons--2,910 of iron, 62

angel--[i.e., double-headed] shot, and the rest of lead.

480 hand-weapons--Turkish swords, broadswords, cutlasses

[machetes], lances, pikes, halberds, partisans, half-moons,

spears, languinatas, and spontoons.

400 arrobas of gunpowder, kept in reserve.

The fighting men of the said port of Cavité and its fortress (who

are in one body, just as the above-mentioned supplies are considered

collectively) comprise three companies of Spanish infantry--one

commanded by the warden, another by the sargento-mayor, and another by

a captain--with 180 soldiers in all, with their leading officers and

minor posts. There is also a captain of artillery, with twenty-four

artillerymen; the deputy of the castellan; three orderlies; two

carpenters for the gun-carriages of the artillery; and one military

notary. There is, besides, a company of Pampango infantry with

its master-of-camp, sargento-mayor, and other officers, with two

hundred and twenty regular soldiers, one hundred and twenty of whom

are assigned to work as sawyers. All the officers and soldiers, both

Spaniards and Pampangos (except the warden and the notary) receive

a suitable ration of rice and their pay in cash monthly. The wages

amount to 11,500 pesos, and the rations to 3,084 fanegas of rice. These

are furnished from the royal treasury and the storehouses in Manila,

according to the list here set down.

Officers: The warden, 100 pesos; the sargento-mayor, 25 p.; one

captain of Spanish infantry, 15 p.; the alferezes, each 4 p.; the

sergeants, each 3 p.; one captain of artillery, 15 p.; the deputy of

the castellan, 15 p.; three orderlies, each 6 p.; one military notary,

8 p.; the Pampango master-of-camp, 10 p.; the sargento-mayor of that

people, 6 p., 4 t.; the alférez, sergeant, and adjutant of the said

nation, each 2 p., 4 t.

Soldiers: The Spanish soldiers, each 2 pesos; the pages,

standard-bearers, drummers, and fifer, each 2 p.; the artillerymen,

each 2 p.; two carpenters for the artillery, each 2 p.; minor posts in

the Pampango company--standard-bearer, fifer, and drummer--each [blank]

p., 6 t.; 220 Pampango soldiers, each 1 p., 2 t. Of the Pampangos the

following receive extra pay, with the title of sawyers: three each,

4 p.; another, 2 p., 4 t.; another, 2 p.; and eighteen others, each

1 p., 4 t.

The place which is now called "Ribera of Cavité" includes all the

ground from the point of Cavité to Fort San Phelipe. All this is

enclosed, with two gates, [which are] at the angles flanked by the

bastions--that of the powder-magazine on the northern side, and by that

of Cháchara [i.e., "Chit-chat"] on the southern side. Although these

passages had formerly been open, it was considered best to shut them

off thus, in order to check the frequent thefts that were committed of

nails and other furnishings at times when ships were being repaired or

built; but in doing so a narrow strip was left, in order to furnish a

path for the work-people from the Ribera, thus forming the barbette

battery; and this strip has preserved the principal curtain of the

fort from the continual former lashings of the waves of the sea.

On this Ribera is located the shipyard, where the galleons, pataches,

galleys, and galliots of his Majesty are constructed into ships;

also here is the bridge which is used for careening the said ships,

and others that belong to private persons. It also includes the royal

iron-works, where are forged the iron tools and instruments, of all

kinds and sizes, that are necessary for the said construction; and

the workshops of the various artisans who are daily at work on this

Ribera. There are separate storehouses for the masts, anchors, cables,

rigging, and other kinds of cordage; for cannon, and for gun-carriages;

and generally for all the military supplies and nautical equipments,

with the dwelling-houses of their principal officers. All this was

built by the present government, and with so good management that in

a short time, and without confusion, everything necessary for this

purpose was constructed, repaired, or equipped. Other royal buildings

which are not included in the Ribera are indicated on the chart of

this port, for which reason I omit notice of each.

All this arrangement for the navy-yard of the Ribera, although it is

planned for the benefit of all vessels, whether native or foreign,

is chiefly designed for those of his Catholic Majesty, and more

especially for the galleons which annually make the voyage to Nueva

España; these are built, equipped, and supplied in this port and

Ribera. A sufficiently detailed account of these will be given in

the following lists.

Ribera of Cavité

Master workmen in the navy-yard: one captain of the Point, yearly,

300 pesos; one alférez of the seamen, 120 p.; one sergeant of the said

men, 90 p.; four corporals, and one watchman, 180 p.; two chief pilots,

240 p.; two assistant pilots, 192 p.; one examiner and inspector of the

royal works of the port, 300 p.; one constable for the storehouse of

provisions, 120 p.; one surgeon, 96 p.; one coxswain of the galley,

120 p.; one chaplain for the galley, 180 p.; one foreman of the

royal iron-works, 300 p.; one foreman of rope-making, 120 p.; one

foreman of the cooper shop, 240 p.; one foreman for the artisans [8]

of the artillery, 120 p.; another overseer of the aforesaid, 30 p.;

one head overseer of the carpenters, 360 p.; another, his assistant,

300 p.; one director of works, 300 p. All, except the father chaplain,

receive rations of rice.

Workmen in the navy-yard: 226 seamen (of whom 16 serve as captains),

with different rates of pay according to their various employments,

and, with corresponding rations of rice; this amounts each year to

5,201 p., 4 t., 6 granos; 166 common seamen, with the same pay and

ration of rice, yearly 2,490 pesos; to the convicts on the royal

galleys are issued rations of 516 cavans of clean rice, which with 22

p., 4 t. for oil for the lanterns, and 300 p. a year for fish, salt,

and vinegar, will be worth 580 p.; eight ropemakers, with rations of

rice and different rates of pay according to their different kinds

of work, amounting yearly to 198 p.; 16 coopers, with different

rates of pay and rations of rice, receive yearly 351 p., 9 granos;

152 men for using the augers, at various rates of pay, including rice,

receive yearly 3,920 p., 4 t.; tool-grinders, at various rates of pay,

receive yearly, including the value of the rice, 594 p.; 305 artisans

[pandayes] (15 of them in the artillery), with various rates of pay,

and the amount of the ration of rice, receive yearly 372 [9] p.; 33

painters (two in the artillery), according to their different rates of

pay, with rations, 495 p.; 135 blacksmiths, with rations and various

rates of pay, amount to 4,644 p.; 31 Lascars, barraqueros, [10] at

different rates of pay, receive annually 709 p.; 16 carpenters, at

various rates of pay, with the value of their rations, receive 1,452

p.; 4 overseers, at various rates of pay, with rations, 300 p.; the

hand-sawyers and the calkers (not only natives, but Sangleys) receive,

according to the day-wages for which they work, without a ration of

rice, wages amounting in one year to 14,922 p., 3 t., 6 granos; the

galagaleros, [11] the Indians who work in repartimiento as ropemakers

and woodcutters, and the raftsmen, at various rates of pay according

to their work, and in rice, receive each year 2,714 p., 1 t.

All the aforesaid people in the navy-yard on the Ribera of Cavité

receive yearly 49,948 p., 3 t., 8 granos, in which is included the

value of 26,174 cavans, 11 gantas of rice, which is consumed in the

rations given to each person; but from this are excluded the father

chaplain, the sawyers, and the calkers. This amount, in summary form,

is the same which the royal officials now certify, omitting the details

of each item on account of the great prolixity which would be caused

by stating the various assignments of pay which correspond to the

various offices and work, and reserving the full statement for the

annual report with which the royal officials fulfil their duty.

Preparation of the ships: Since the chief employ of the navy-yard at

the Ribera at Cavité is the building and equipment of his Majesty's

ships, and, specifically, those which are annually despatched to Nueva

España with the merchandise that is allowed to that commerce and for

the royal situado--in which construction is expended the amount from

the royal treasury already mentioned--to it also belong the expenses

of the entire outfit for the ships, the pay of the naval and military

officers, great and small, the men for the crews, and the provision

of necessary supplies. As regards expense caused by these things,

it is included in the certification of the royal officials in their

general statement of purchases; this brief relation refers the reader

to that account, avoiding the annoyance of so long a schedule, and

here is given only the list of the men assigned to this employ--the

computation being now made from the two pataches, the flagship and

the almiranta, which in the year 1736 were manned in this form:

Officers of the ships: The commander of the flagship ("Nuestra

Señora de Cabdalonga") with salary of 4,125 pesos; the captain of

the almiranta ("Nuestra Señora del Pilar") 2,750 p.; the chaplains

of the two pataches, each 75 p., 150 p.; two chief pilots, each 300

p., 600 p.; two assistant pilots, each 150 p., 300 p.; two mates,

each 150 p., 300 p.; two head gunners, each 150 p., 300 p.; two

boatswains, each 150 p., 300 p.; two carpenters, each 150 p., 300 p.;

two calkers, each 150 p., 300 p.; two divers, each 150 p., 300 p.;

two notaries, each 100 p., 200 p.; two storekeepers, each 100 p.,

200 p.; two surgeons, each 100 p., 200 p.; two stewards, each 100 p.,

200 p.; two water-guards, each 100 p., 200 p.; two additional pilots,

each 150 p., 300 p. Total, 11,025 pesos.

The men of the crews: 64 artillerymen, each 100 p., amount to 6,400

p.; 160 mariners in the crews of the said pataches, at the rate of

75 p. each, 12,000 p.; 72 Spanish common seamen in the said crews,

at the rate of 50 p. each, 3,600 p.; 120 deck-hands in the said crews

at 25 p., 3,000 p.; extra pay issued to the royal official timekeeper,

who made these payments, 25 p. Total, 25,025 pesos.

Adding together these amounts for pay of officers and crews, the

total is 36,050 pesos.

DESCRIPTION OF FORT SAN PEDRO IN THE CITY OF SANTISSIMO NOMBRE DE

JESUS, IN ZEBÛ

In the island of Zebû, which is regarded as the center of all the

islands of Pintados--it is thirty leguas long, twelve wide, and

eighty in circuit--is the city of Santissimo Nombre de Jesus. It is

the capital of this province, wherein, amid the evident ruins of

its former opulence, is preserved, close to the city, the fort of

San Pedro. It is built of stone and mortar, with a terreplein, and is

situated on a point on the shore of the sea, in 10° of north latitude,

and 161° 47' of east longitude; [12] it is distant from the capital,

Manila, ninety-six leguas to the southeast, and is five degrees south

of that city.

The shape of this fort is triangular, with three bastions having

straight flanks; it is 1,248 feet in circuit. Its curtains are of

unequal length, and in that one which fronts the city, toward the

northwest, is the gate of the fort. This is masked by an outer work

of stakes, of square shape, with its gate to the city; and a palisade

extends the whole length of the curtain, in the form of a fausse-braye.

This fort contains the necessary buildings, as they are indicated on

its plan; it has also arms and soldiers, as herewith stated.

Arms and supplies

13 pieces of bronze artillery, caliber 2 and 4.

18 iron cannons, caliber 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 14.

2 bronze mortars, with iron pivots.

6 bronze stone-mortars.

12 chambers.

50 pinzotes.

250 arquebuses and muskets.

1,826 iron balls for the artillery.

14,055 lead balls for the muskets, arquebuses, and pinzotes.

294 grenades.

500 arrobas of gunpowder, with small-arms and hand weapons, are

kept in reserve, as is certified by the royal officials.

All the above, with the clothing [for the soldiers], and the

replenishment of arms and gunpowder, is provided from the capital,

Manila, in accordance with the orders of this government.

The military force

A captain of Spanish infantry, who is the alcalde-mayor, with

monthly pay of 25 pesos; an alférez of the said company, with 3 p.;

a sergeant, 2 p.; an orderly, 4 p.; a lieutenant of the fort, 4 p.;

57 regular soldiers, each 1 p.; 4 minor posts--page, fifer, drummer,

and standard-bearer, each 1 p.; 6 artillerymen, each 1 p.; a captain

of the Pampango company, 4 p.; his alférez, 1 p., 4 t.; the sergeant,

1 p.; twenty [Pampango] soldiers, and three minor posts--page,

drummer, and standard-bearer--each 4 t.; one position as overseer

of the iron-forge, 3 p.; two others, as shoremaster and overseer of

buildings, 2 p.; another as pilot, 1 p. Each one of the said persons

receives a monthly allowance of half a fanega (which is one cavan)

of rice.

The maintenance of this military post amounts to 1,584 pesos and 624

fanegas of rice every year; this expense is paid out of the proceeds

of the tributes and other revenues which are collected on his Majesty's

account in the said province of Zebû.

DESCRIPTION OF FORT NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL PILAR AT SAMBOANGAN

This fort is in the town of Samboangan, [13] a separate jurisdiction

with a chief magistrate, who is the governor of this military post. It

is situated in the great island of Mindanao, near the promontory

which is called Punta de la Caldera, in 7° 4' north latitude, and

160° 30' east longitude; [14] it is distant from the capital, Manila,

134 1/2 leguas south by east, and four degrees to the east.

This fort is constructed of stone and mortar, with a terreplein, at

the entrance of the town, on the sea-shore; the beach surrounds it on

the eastern and southern sides, along which it has also, externally,

a palisade. On the western side, where the gate is, it has a marsh

for a moat; and on the northern side, which faces the dwellings,

it has an artificial moat.

Its shape is that of a rectangle, with four full bastions--three with

straight flanks, and one with an orillon; it has a circuit of 820 feet,

and in it are enclosed the necessary buildings, as the plan shows.

The town has its own special fortifications; for on the eastern

side it has a long curtain of palisades, in the midst of which there

is a semicircular platform, which defends it. On the northern side

there is a long curtain of stone and mortar, flanked at the east by

a bastion with orillon, called Santa Cathalina; and at the west by

a cavalier of rectangular shape, called Santa Barbara. This curtain

has its palisade, which ends on the western side of this town, at

some distance from the said cavalier; and the rest of this said side

has some marshes for defense. The said wall and curtain of this town

is surrounded by a canal, full of water, ten or twelve feet wide;

and it connects with the said marshes.

The arms, supplies, and soldiers with which this military post is

maintained and defended are stated in the following lists:

Arms and supplies of this post

24 bronze cannons, of caliber 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12.

1 bronze culverin, caliber 4.

1 mortar of the same, caliber 18.

45 iron cannons, calibers 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 18.

17 stone-mortars of the same [material], calibers 3 and 4.

58 chambers.

8 blunderbusses, 5 of bronze and 3 of iron.

11 pinzotes.

253 guns, muskets, and arquebuses.

698 grenades, loaded and unloaded.

1 pair of pistols.

2 short carbines [terzerolas].

8,407 lead and iron balls, suitable for the artillery.

39,104 lead balls, for the arquebuses, guns, and muskets.

500 arrobas of gunpowder, as regular supply.

Other weapons, for hand use, minor supplies, and all the rest that is

necessary for handling [the artillery], are enumerated in a separate

certified statement by the royal officials.

Military force in the post of Samboangan

One captain of the first company of the Spanish infantry, a post which

is held by the governor of this town, with a monthly salary of 50

pesos; its alférez, 4 p.; its sergeant, 3 p.; an aide-de-camp, 6 p.; 74

Spanish soldiers, each 2 p.; three minor posts--page, standard-bearer,

and drummer--each 2 p. The captain of the second Spanish company,

15 p.; its alférez, 4 p.; its sergeant, 3 p.; 68 soldiers, and

three minor posts--page, drummer, and standard-bearer--each 2 p. The

captain of the third Spanish company, who commands the armada, 15

p.; its alférez, 4 p.; its sergeant, 3 p.; 58 soldiers, and 3 minor

posts--page, standard-bearer, and drummer--each 2 p. A head gunner

for the artillery, 4 p.; a lieutenant and paymaster for this post,

15 p.; a surgeon, 5 p.; a notary for this post, 3 p.; 2 amanuenses,

hired by the day, each 3 p., 6 t.; 2 chaplains for the infantry, by the

year, each 100 p. A captain of the company of Pampango infantry, with

monthly pay of 4 p., 4 t.; its alférez, 2 p., 4 t.; its sergeant, 2 p.,

4 t.; 100 Pampango soldiers, each 1 p., 2 t.; 2 minor posts--page, and

standard-bearer--each 6 t. One master armorer, 3 p.; 2 skilled tilers,

each 2 p., 4 t.; 15 supernumerary seamen, paid at various rates, by

the month, [blank]. All these people receive a suitable ration of rice.

Coastguard galleys at Samboangan

At this post are maintained, as a measure of precaution by this

superior government since the past year of 1730, two coastguard galleys

(a flagship and an almiranta), with [a crew of] 96 impressed men

[forzados], and with all the supplies necessary for their outfit;

care is also taken to repair and fortify them. They have been kept up

as an armament necessary at this time for checking the insolence of

the neighboring Moros, who attack the villages of the territory under

the royal crown. In regard to the maintenance of these galleys, and the

amount of supplies and the number of soldiers and sailors [required for

them], although all this is found included in the expenditures of the

royal treasury as actual expenses it must be borne in mind that they

are not perpetual, but accidental and extraordinary, according to the

movements of our enemies. For this reason, these items of expense are

sometimes included and sometimes omitted in the statements of accounts,

according to the differences of time and occasion.

Galliots at Samboangan

More permanent at this post are the two galliots which are, by act

of the general council of the treasury, maintained there since the

year 1729, as necessary in those seas, so rough and so infested

with enemies, for transporting from the province of Ogtong and the

storehouses of Yloylo the rice and other provisions which are needed

in this post [of Samboangan]. The amount needed for the pay of these

seamen is sent from the royal treasury of Manila.

The entire maintenance of this post of Samboangan amounts each year

to 12,592 pesos, 2 tomins, and 7,108 cavans (which are 3,554 fanegas)

of rice, according to the last balancing of the accounts. To meet

this expense, a situade is sent from the royal treasury of Manila, the

number of pesos corresponding to the amount of the fixed charges, and

to that of the accidental expenses when there are any. The clothing,

gun-powder, supplies for replenishing the storehouses, cordage and

sails, other supplies for vessels, supplies for the hospital and

other offices of that post--all these are provided from the royal

storehouses of Manila; while from those of Yloylo is sent the rice

for the rations, with other foodstuffs, in which that province abounds.

In order to meet the said expenses, there is set aside the value of

the ganta of clean rice which was offered, contributed as a gift,

by every whole tribute (of two persons) in the provinces subject

to the royal crown--those of Balayan, Mindoro, Caraga, Marivelez,

Calamianes, and Cavite being exempted from this contribution--the

amount of which is regularly more than 3,500 pesos a year. For the

said expenses is also applied the value of the wine monopoly, which,

at the rate of the last sale to the highest bidder, produces 25,000

pesos annually. To this is added the amount of the pay, rations, and

supplies of the officers and soldiers who, at the time when this post

was reëstablished, were detailed to serve in it, from those of Cavite,

Yloylo, and Zebû.

[Part II]

THE ECCLESIASTICAL ESTATE

[Title-page:] The ecclesiastical estate in the aforesaid Philipinas

islands: Its archbishopric and its suffragan bishops, and the

territory which each one includes. Their cathedrals, with the

dignities, canonries, and prebends, with which they are endowed;

the stipends and offerings which they receive; and the amounts

allotted to the other churches, colleges, and hospitals in the

district. Active encomiendas which are at this present time enjoyed

by the various corporations and by private persons; and those in

which the tributes are collected on his Majesty's account for the

objects to which they were granted. Missions established, with a

statement of their locations and the expenses which they occasion:

settlements of Indians who have been subdued, distinguishing the

ministries, conducted by the secular ecclesiastics and the religious;

the neophytes whom they direct; what they receive on account of this,

not only on his Majesty's account, but from the natives themselves,

with a summary of the total of both. Added to this relation by Don

Pablo Francisco Rodriguez de Berdozido, accountant, royal official

for his Majesty in these Philipinas Islands, and the senior official

of those who have appointments in the royal treasury therein. In the

year 1742.

The holy cathedral church of Manila

It has its archbishopric, the jurisdiction of which includes the

entire provinces of Tondo, Bulacan, and Pampanga; Taâl (or Balayàn)

as far as Mindoro and Marinduque; all the coast of Zambales, as far as

the district and bay of Bolinao; Laguna de Bay and its mountains, as

far as and including Mahayhay; the jurisdictions of Cavite, Marivelez,

and the city of Manila. At the present time the see is vacant by the

death of his very illustrious and reverend Lordship, the master Don

Fray Juan Angel Rodriguez, of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity

for the Redemption of Captives; and it enjoys as a yearly stipend

5,000 pesos of common gold, in virtue of the decree by his Majesty

dated at Madrid on May 28, 1680. The said holy church has a dean,

with 600 pesos as annual stipend in virtue of another royal decree

of his Majesty; four dignitaries--archdeacon, schoolmaster, cantor,

and treasurer--with 500 pesos each a year, which amounts to the sum

of 2,000 pesos; three canons (which include a doctoral, a magistral,

and an honorary prebend), with 400 pesos each as yearly stipend,

amounting to 1,200 pesos; two racioneros, with 300 pesos each as

annual stipend, amounting to 600 pesos; two medio-racioneros, each

receiving 200 pesos a year, which make 400 pesos; and a master of

ceremonies--a post recently established by a royal decree dated at El

Pardo on February 22, 1734, with 200 pesos of yearly stipend. The said

holy church has also a grant for its fabrica, material and spiritual,

[15] of 600 ducados of silver, which make 825 pesos. [Of this sum]

500 ducados are for the pay of the verger, the musicians, and others

who serve it; and the remaining 100 ducados are for the fabrica [i.e.,

the care of the building]. It has also 400 pesos of offerings each

year--by another royal decree of April 12, 1734--for the purchase of

Castilian wine, with which is celebrated the holy sacrifice of the

mass; olive-oil and balsam for the holy oils; and cocoanut-oil for

the lamp which burns before the blessed sacrament.

The holy church of Zebu

It has its bishop, and its jurisdiction extends to that entire

province, and comprises that of Leyte with its adjoining islands;

the province of Caraga; Panay, and the jurisdiction of Ogton and

its islands, as far as Calamyanes; Paragua, and the northern coast

of Mindanao, extending even to the Marianas Islands. At the present

time this church is governed by his very illustrious Lordship, Don

Protaçio Cavezas, who is bishop-elect; and he enjoys an annual stipend

of 4,000 pesos, by virtue of the royal decree already cited of May 28,

1680. For the fabrica, material and spiritual, of the said holy church

is assigned an encomienda of 1,783 1/2 tributes by royal decree of

October 28, 1670; these are collected on the account of his Majesty,

and their value (which is 2,000 pesos, after deducting all expenses)

is paid from this royal treasury to that prelate annually for the

maintenance of chaplains, the purchase of wax, oil, and wine, the pay

of singers and sacristans, and other expenses necessary to worship

in the said holy church.

Holy church of Nueva Cazeres

It has a bishop, and its jurisdiction embraces the entire provinces

of Camarines and Albay, as far as and including the islands of

Ticao, Masbate, Burias, and Catanduanes; the province of Tayabas,

as far as and including Luchan; and in the opposite coast of Maobàn,

to Binangonan, Polo, Baler, and Casiguran. At present it is governed

by his very illustrious Lordship Doctor Don Ysidoro de Arevalo, who

is the bishop-elect; and he enjoys a yearly stipend of 4,000 pesos

of common gold, conformably to the aforesaid royal decree. Likewise

a payment is made from the royal treasury, in virtue of a decree by

the supreme government and the council of the royal treasury dated

October 2, 1723, 200 pesos, for priests of the choir, at 100 pesos

each, as assistants of the aforesaid illustrious lord. Another payment

is made of 400 pesos, assigned to this church by the royal decree,

dated at San Yldefonso on August 19, 1736, for the pay of singers,

sacristans, and doorkeepers, and other expenses for worship and for the

[care of the] building of the aforesaid holy church. It likewise has

a contribution of 232 pesos, 4 tomins, which is paid in 6 quintals

of wax, 100 gantas of cocoanut-oil, and 4 arrobas of Castilian wine,

in conformity with another royal decree dated February 21, 1705.

The holy church of Nueva Segovia

It has a bishop (whose title is of Cagayan), and its jurisdiction

comprises the province of Pangasinan from the promontory of Bolinao,

and that of Ylocos; and Cagayan, as far as and including Palauan on

the opposite coast. At this time the see is vacant by the death of

his illustrious Lordship Doctor Don Geronimo de Herrera y Lopez, and

this said bishopric enjoys an annual stipend of 4,000 pesos of common

gold, in virtue of the royal decree cited. It has two priests in the

choir, to whom 200 pesos are paid yearly for their support, each 100

pesos, in virtue of a decree of the general council of the treasury

and of the supreme government, dated December 23, 1723. It enjoys a

contribution of 232 pesos, 4 tomins, which is paid to it in 6 quintals

of wax, 100 gantas of cocoanut-oil, and 4 arrobas of Castilian wine,

in conformity with the royal decree of February 21, 1675.

General summary of the amounts of the stipends, funds for current

expenses [fabricas], and contributions belonging to the four

cathedrals.

Cathedrals Stipends Expense Contributions Totals

funds

Metropolitan, Manila 10,000 p. 825 p. 400 p. 11,225 p.

Cathedral, Zebu 4,000 p. 2,000 p. 6,000 p.

Id. N. Caceres 4,200 p. 400 p. 232 p., 4t. 4,832 p., 4t.

Id. N. Segovia 4,200 p. 232 p., 4t. 4,432 p., 4t.

-------- ------- ---------- -------------

Totals 22,400 p. 3,225 p. 865 p. 26,490 p.

CONVENTS, COLLEGES, HOSPITALS AND HOUSES WHICH ENJOY STIPENDS AND

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ROYAL TREASURY, AND HAVE NO ADMINISTRATION

[OF PARISHES]

Within the walls of this city there is a royal chapel with six

chaplains, who render service in the functions of the royal Audiencia;

and it was especially instituted for the [spiritual] direction and

assistance of the soldiers who serve in this royal army. Its expenses

are met from the payments and wages which are issued monthly from the

royal treasury, deducting from each of these a certain amount called

"the contribution" for the said royal chapel, which amounts during the

year to 6,004 pesos, 1 tomin. From this sum are paid annually 3,020

pesos for the salaries of chaplains and the expenses of divine worship;

and the remainder is held in the said royal treasury, in order with

it to provide for repairs on the aforesaid chapel, the renewal of the

ornaments, and other extraordinary expenses--on account of which it

is not brought into the computation with the other allotments.

There is a royal hospital £or the soldiers of the regiment, with

two chaplains, a steward, a physician, a surgeon, and an apothecary,

all salaried; and it is provided with everything necessary for the

comfort and treatment of the sick. The proceeds of its endowment

annually amount to the sum--which is paid to it in money, including

the value of 8,400 fowls--of 7,891 pesos; 960 cavans of rice, 3

arrobas of Castilian wine, and 384 gantas of cocoanut-oil.

The royal college and seminary of San Phelipe was founded and erected

by royal decrees of April 8, 1702, and December 21, 1712. It has

a teacher of grammar, and eight seminarists who serve in this holy

cathedral church in all its offices and functions as a class; their

maintenance amounts annually to 1,520 pesos in money, including other

supplies which are delivered from the storehouses--360 cavans of rice,

one arroba of wine, and 192 gantas of cocoanut-oil.

The seminary of Santa Potenciana was founded in the year 1591, when

Gomez Perez Dasmariñas was governor of these islands, and was received

under the royal patronage. It has twenty-four inmates, daughters of

Spanish fathers, with their chaplain, superior, doorkeeper, and other

servants, all paid on the account of his Majesty; their salaries and

maintenance amount each year to 2,476 pesos in money. They receive

also 504 cavans of rice, two arrobas of wine, and 168 gantas of

cocoanut-oil; in this is also included the cost of the clothing for

the students and servants, that of divine worship, and other lesser

expenses. And for this it enjoys an encomienda, by an act of the royal

Audiencia dated February 4, 1668, the income of which is collected

for the treasury, and its management and administration is placed in

charge of the royal official accountant.

There are two royal chairs of canons and institutes, one in the

college of San Ygnacio of the Society of Jesus, and the other in

the college of Santo Thomas, of the Order of St. Dominic; these were

recently established, by royal decree of October 23, 1733, with two

professors at salaries of 400 pesos each, which make 800 pesos a year.

The brotherhood of the holy Misericordia, and the seminary of Santa

Ysabel for girls, in which a great number of them are sheltered; these

are administered by a purveyor and twelve deputies, who are appointed

yearly. They take charge of the incomes and charitable funds assigned

to the said house, from which is produced a sufficient amount for

the support of the establishment, for dowries, and for other large

charitable contributions, which they distribute in accordance with

the Constitutions of the brotherhood. This house is at present under

the immediate protection of his Majesty, by his royal decree of March

25, 1733; and it enjoys on the account of the royal treasury only

an encomienda of 963 tributes, by a royal grant of October 24, 1667,

the net value of which will be set down in the proper place.

The calced Augustinians have a convent of San Pablo with an adequate

number of religious, who are annually assisted by this treasury with

a contribution of wine for celebrating the holy sacrifice of mass,

and oil for the lamp which burns before the blessed sacrament, in

accordance with the late royal order of his Majesty, dated September

15, 1726--at the rate of one arroba of wine for each priest, and 75

gantas of cocoanut-oil for each lamp.

The convent of San Gregorio, of discalced Franciscan religious, is

likewise assisted by the contribution of wine and oil, in accordance

with the aforesaid royal order.

The monastery of the nuns of Santa Clara is likewise assisted with

a contribution of wine and oil, in virtue of the said royal decree;

and besides this it enjoys an encomienda, by decree of April 4,

1664, the income of which is collected on the account of his Majesty,

and its net amount, which is paid from the treasury, is 583 pesos.

The convent of the religious of St. Dominic, with two colleges (named

Santo Tomas, and San Juan de Letran), enjoys the same contribution of

wine and oil, in accordance with the aforesaid royal decree. It has

likewise 400 pesos in money, and 800 cavans of rice, for the stipend of

four priests in active service, who must reside in the said convent in

virtue of a royal decree dated July 23, 1639; and the said college of

San Juan de Letran enjoys an encomienda of 700 tributes by royal grant

of January 10, 1734, the value of which will be entered in its class.

The college of San Ygnacio, of the fathers of the Society of Jesus,

and that of San Joseph, composed of students, are likewise aided

with a contribution of wine and oil, in accordance with the aforesaid

royal decree. They likewise receive 400 pesos, and 800 cavans of rice,

for the stipends of four priests in active service who must reside in

the said college of San Ygnacio, in accordance with the royal decree

dated February 18, 1707. And the said college of San Joseph enjoys an

encomienda of 383 1/2 tributes, on account of 20,000 pesos which were

granted to it by royal decree of his Majesty dated October 5, 1703, the

net value of which will be entered in the class to which it belongs.

The convent of San Nicolas of the Recollect religious of St. Augustine

similarly enjoys its contribution of wine and oil, in accordance with

the said recent royal decree of his Majesty.

The convent of San Juan de Dios is also assisted with the contribution

of wine and oil in virtue of the said royal decree, and 50 pesos in

medicines; it also enjoys an encomienda of 541 1/2 tributes, by royal

grant of July 2, 1735, the net value of which will be entered in the

class to which it belongs.

Within the walls [of the city] are also contained two beaterios--one

of Dominican nuns, called Santa Catharina, with sufficient incomes;

and another connected with the Society of Jesus, containing poor

Indian women, who are maintained by charity and do not enjoy any

allotment on the account of his Majesty.

Outside the walls of this city is the hospital of San Lazaro, in charge

of discalced religious of St. Francis, for contagious diseases. This

is annually assisted from this royal treasury, in accordance with the

royal decree of January 22, 1672, with 787 pesos, 4 tomins in money,

including the cost of 1,500 laying hens, 200 blankets, and 1,500

cavans of rice; and one arroba of wine for the celebration of the

holy sacrifice of mass.

The church of Los Santos Reyes of the Parian, and the hospital of San

Gabriel for the Christian Sangleys, and for medical treatment of them

and of the infidels, in charge of the religious of St. Dominic, receive

from the communal treasury of the Sangleys themselves 2,400 pesos;

and from the royal treasury only the contribution of five arrobas

of wine for the aforesaid celebration of the holy sacrifice of mass,

and one hundred and fifty gantas of cocoanut-oil for the lamps which

burn before the depository of the Divine One.

The sanctuary of our Lady of Safety and convent of San Juan Bauptista,

of the discalced religious of St. Augustine, situated in Bagumbayan,

enjoys only the aforesaid contribution of wine and oil.

To the infirmary which the religious Order of St. Dominic has, for

the medical treatment of its religious, is paid every year 100 pesos

as a contribution, in accordance with the royal order of his Majesty,

dated September 4, 1667.

To the three infirmaries of the Order of St. Francis is paid every

year a contribution of 329 pesos, for the treatment of its sick

religious who are in this city and in the provinces of Laguna de Bay

and Camarines, in virtue of his Majesty's decree of October 30, 1600.

At the distance of one legua, or a little less, there are two houses

or sanctuaries--one named San Francisco del Monte, with two chapels

close by, where regularly serve one religious (a priest of the Order

of St. Francis), and one lay-brother, or donado of the reformed branch,

which is called "the house of retreat or penance;" the other is called

San Juan del Monte, with a religious of the Order of St. Dominic--and

these enjoy only the contribution of wine.

The sanctuary of our Lady of Guadalupe, of calced Augustinian

religious, enjoys the same contribution of wine and oil.

In the port of Cavite there is a convent of religious of St. Dominic,

and another of Recollect religious; a college of the fathers of

the Society of Jesus; and a hospice of the Order of St. John of

God--all without [parochial] administration; and they enjoy only the

contribution of wine and oil.

Likewise in the city of Zebu there is a convent of calced Augustinians

with three religious, priests; another convent of discalced

Augustinians, with one priest; and a college of the Society of Jesus,

with two priests. In the port of Yloylo, in the province of Ogton,

the Society have another college with one priest. The religious of

St. Dominic have a convent with two priests in the city of Nueva

Segovia, in the province of Cagayan. All these houses are without

administration, and enjoy only the same contribution of wine and oil.

Summary of the amounts of the stipends and contributions from the

royal treasury which are enjoyed by the convents, colleges, hospitals,

and houses which have no [parochial] administration.

Convents, colleges, hospitals, Cash, Rice, Wine, Oil,

and houses pesos cavans arrobas gantas

Royal military chapel

Royal hospital 7,891 960 3 384

Royal college of San Phelipe 1,520 360 1 192

Royal seminary Sta. Potenciana 2,466 504 2 168

Chairs of canon law and

institutes 800

Brotherhood of Misericordia

Convent of S. Pablo (cal. Aug.) 25 75

Conv. S. Gregorio (disc. Fran.) 18 75

Monastery of Sta. Clara 583 2 75

Conv. St. Dominic, and two

colleges 400 800 23 225

Coll. S. Ygnacio and S. Joseph 400 800 20 150

Conv. S. Nicolas (Recollect) 24 75

Conv. San Juan de Dios 50 2 75

Two beaterios (Domin. nuns and

Indian women)

Hospital of San Lazaro 787 [16] 1,500 1

Church of Parian and hospital of

San Gabriel 5 150

Sanctuary Our Lady of Safety 6 75

Infirmary for relig. of St.

Dominic 100

Three infirmaries of St. Francis 329

Two sanctuaries, S. Juan and S.

Francisco de los Montes 2

Sanct. of Our Lady of Guadalupe 2

Two conv., one coll., and one

hospital at port Cavite 12 225

Three conv., and two coll. in

the provinces 10 375

------ ----- --- -----

Totals 15,326 4,924 158 2,319

ENCOMIENDAS OF INDIANS; HOW THEY WERE GRANTED, AND THE OWNERS WHO

POSSESS THEM

In accordance with royal decrees of donation, his Majesty has assigned

encomiendas in these islands to the extent of 18,041 1/4 tributes. Of

these, 8,784 1/4 are assigned to four religious communities and

eleven private persons, and their net product is collected by the

encomenderos themselves or by their agents; and the remaining 9,257 are

collected by the royal officials of these islands for the subventions

and contributions which are stated in the aforesaid grants. They are

separately mentioned in the following form:

Encomiendas belonging to religious communities and to private persons

[Grantees] Date of grant No. of Value in Net

tributes cash, receipts,

p. t. gr. p. t. gr.

College of Sta. Ysabel, this

city Oct. 24, 1671 963 1,328 2 6 1,030 3 7

College of San Joseph, on

account of 20,000 pesos Oct. 5, 1703 383 1/2 671 1 485 2 10

College of S. Juan de Letran Jan. 10, 1734 700 963 2 6 718 7 6

Hospital of S. Juan de Dios July 2, 1735 541 1/2 812 2 584 1

D. Pedro de Garaycoechea (2nd

life) Oct. 30, 1690 1,247 1,558 6 960 0 4

D. Fernando Hidalgo (2nd life) Sept. 31 [sic; 21

or 30?], 1701 383 536 1 9 386 7 8

D. Juan Francisco de Salinas

(2nd life) June 21, 1705 419 1/2 540 2 2 380 2 8

D. Balthazar de Soto (2nd

life) June 11, 1709 350 3/4 364 6 2 239 2 3

D. Antonio Gomez Quixedo [17]

(2nd life) July 15, 1711 640 880 540 3 6

Da. Josepha de Erquiñigo,

Condeza de Pineda, two

encomiendas Dec. 19, 1712 1,323 1,659 2 1,036 6 2

D. Juan Afan de Rivera (2nd

life) March 6, 1715 387 1/2 406 6 271 5

D. Julian Fernandez de Guevara

(2nd life) June 30, 1721 470 517 4 5 342 0 3

Da. Monica de Yturralde (2nd

life) July 30, 1721 233 1/2 256 6 9 170 0 11

D. Nicolas Cortez Monrroy (2nd

life) July 30, 1721 379 568 4 397 5 2

Da. Maria Manuela Rita Manzano

(2nd life), two encomiendas July 14, 1738 363 425 5 273 3 3

--------- ------------ -----------

Totals 8,784 1/4 11,489 4 3 7,817 4 1

Encomiendas in which the collections are made on his Majesty's account,

to be applied to the objects for which they were granted.

[Grantees] Date of grant No. of Value in Net

tributes cash, receipts,

p. t. gr. p. t. gr.

The monastery of So. Clara

enjoys, by decree of Apr. 4, 1664 868 971 6 10 583 0 6

The seminary of Santa

Potenciana enjoys for its

maintenance, by act of the

royal Audiencia, Feb. 4, 1668 1,437 1/2 2,078 5 4 1,492 5 5

For the pay of the lieutenant-

general of the artillery, he

possesses, by decree of Dec. 16, 1608 895 1/2 1,044 1 692 7 8

To pay for the wine for masses

and oil for the lamps, there

are, by decree of Apr. 8, 1668 4,272 1/2 5,913 2 6 4,760 6 9

For the maintenance of the

building of the holy cathedral

church of Zebu, it enjoys, by

decree of Oct. 28. 1670 1,783 1/2 2,690 3 1 2,000

--------- ------------ -----------

Totals 9,257 12,698 2 9 9,529 4 4

These encomiendas, although they were granted for the maintenance and

existence of the five objects here stated, have had the tributes

collected on the account of his Majesty with the aggregate of

the other tributes united to the royal crown [the aforesaid sums]

being paid by the royal treasury to the parties concerned, not only

the net amount of what is due to each, but what is necessary for

the existence of those for whom they are destined, obtaining from

other sources indifferently whatever is lacking to make up that

sum. The amount of each is entered in the corresponding summaries

[of accounts] as a charge upon the general fund of the treasury,

according to what the parties receive--not only in cash, but in other

assets from the royal storehouses--in order to establish, with the

distinction and clearness which this memorandum permits, the total

with which his Majesty piously contributes to the preservation of

the ecclesiastical estate in these islands. It is brought in here,

in the account of the encomiendas, only to show how it is applied,

and not as an increased charge on the royal treasury.

ACTIVE MISSIONS

There are at present thirty-nine apostolic missionaries, distributed

among twenty-one active missions which are situated in various places

and provinces, who are engaged in the conversion and settlement of

the infidels who dwell in the mountains in the greater number of

these islands. Of these, one is a secular ecclesiastic; four belong

to the calced Augustinian religious; five are discalced Franciscans;

twenty are Dominicans; two belong to the Society of Jesus, and seven

to the Augustinian Recollects. Aid is given to them on the account

of his Majesty, in accordance with his royal decrees, by the stipend

of 100 pesos and 100 fanegas of rice to each missionary, and with the

military escorts necessary to their protection and to the safety of the

subdued Indians. Likewise they receive a monthly allowance for these

men, of one peso and one cavan of rice [for each], to which is added

the cost of transporting this provision to the places where they are,

which sometimes amounts to as much as the value of the principal. The

mission which now is especially considered to have made the greatest

progress and advancement is that established in the mountains of Ytuy

and Paniqui in the province of Cagayàn, in charge of the religious

of the Order of St. Dominic--who, penetrating into the country,

a task which had previously been greatly facilitated by the calced

religious of the Order of St. Augustine, have brought that province

into communication with the others in this great island (something

which formerly could not be done, except by sea), with great harvest

of souls who have been converted to our holy Catholic faith. These

costs are stated in the following summary, that which belongs to each

mission being given separately.

Summary of the expenses which the active missions which are mentioned

occasion to the royal exchequer.

Provinces Missionary ministers Cash, Rice, Wine, Oil,

pesos tom. cavans arrobas gantas

---- [18] 2 missionaries of the Society of Jesus, with 331 472

escorts and transportation

Pampanga 4 mission., calced Augustinians, with escorts 960 1,088

and transportation

Idem 4 Dominicans, with escorts and transportation 820 1,016

Idem 2 Augustinian Recollects, with escorts and

transportation 480 544 2 150

Pangasinan 3 Dominicans, with escorts and transportation 537 744

Idem 2 Augustinian Recollects, with escorts and

transportation 412 544

Ylocos 1 missionary, a secular ecclesiastic 100 200 1 75

Cagayàn 13 Dominicans, with their escorts and

transportation 4,030 4 4,352

Laguna de Bay 1 Franciscan, with escort and transportation 189 272

Tayabas 2 Franciscans, with their escorts and

transportation 616

Mindoro 1 Augustinian Recollect 151 5 200 75

Camarines 2 Franciscans, with their escorts and

transportation 412 544

Zebu 2 Augustinian Recollects 200 400

-------- ------ - ---

10 provinces 39 missionaries, in 2 missions 9,239 1 10,376 3 300

p. t. [19] cavans arrob. gantas

Ministers, and villages of converted Indians; the stipends and

offerings which they enjoy on this account, according to the number

of tributes to whom they minister.

All the Indian neophytes--settled in four hundred and fifteen villages

and fifty-three visitas, which compose the twenty-one provinces of

the territory--have their ministers of religious instruction, who

exercise toward them the office of parish priests. These ministers

are aided on his Majesty's account, in accordance with the regulation

made by the adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi while he was governor

of these islands, which was approved by royal decree of April 24,

1584. They received a hundred pesos and a hundred fanegas of rice

for every five hundred tributes to whom they minister, and the

contribution of wine and oil which was ordained by the late royal

decree dated September 15 in the year 1726--enjoying this without any

limitation of time. The separate provinces and number of ministers,

and the amount of expenses, will be shown in the following tables:

Summary of the stipends which each religious order is entitled to

receive for the mission villages and ministries that it has.

Provinces Curates, sacristans, and Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

chaplains p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Manila 2 curas, with their sacristans 551 3 6 2 150

Tondo 3 curas, with 3 sacristans 743 2 11 200 3 225

Cavité 2 curas, and 2 sacristans 517 5 200 2 150

Mindoro 1 cura and 1 sacristan 223 3 11 1 75

Laguna de Bay 3 curas 396 1 9 57 4 3 225

Balayàn 2 curas 327 3 2 654 19 2 150

Cagayàn 1 cura and 1 sacristan 358 0 1 164 14 1 75

Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180

Ylocos 2 curas and 1 sacristan 770 7 3 1,358 2 150

Camarines 6 curas and 1 sacristan 1,022 7 4 694 9 6 450

Tayabas 3 curas 253 4 307 3 225

Albay 10 curas 1,173 2,346 10 750

Zebu 1 cura and 1 sacristan 275 5 9 1 75

Idem 3 curas 766 4 2 797 19 3 225

Ogton 2 curas and 1 sacristan 458 1 364 19 2 150

Panay 3 curas 517 7 2 1,035 19 3 225

I. de Negros 4 curas 723 2 4 1,446 14 4 300

Leyte 1 cura 79 138 1 75

In 16 provinces 49 curas, 13 sacristans, ----------- --------- -- -----

and 1 chaplain 9,338 3 4 9,764 21 49 3,675

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 2 ministries 391 0 9 782 4 4 150

Pampanga 5 ,, 220 6 4 441 14 9 375

Cagayan 20 ,, 1,517 0 9 3,034 4 33 1,500

Pangasinan 15 ,, 2,534 1 7 5,068 8 26 1,125

----------- -------- -- -----

In 4 provinces, 42 ministries 4,663 1 5 9,326 6 72 6,150

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 4 ministries 416 7 2 833 19 9 300

Bulacan 4 ,, 611 0 9 1,222 4 5 300

Bay 24 ,, 1,492 1 7 2,984 9 28 1,800

Cagayàn 1 ,, 44 3 2 88 19 1 75

Camarines 18 ,, 1,883 0 9 3,766 4 20 1,350

Tayabas 11 ,, 1,312 6 4 17 825

----------- -------- -- -----

In 6 provinces, 62 ministries 5,760 3 9 8,895 7 80 4,650

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 6 ministries 1,224 4 9 2.449 4 15 450

Bulacan 9 ,, 1,077 4 2,155 13 675

Pampanga 18 ,, 1,416 4 9 2,833 4 30 1,350

Pangasinan 3 ,, 368 4 737 4 225

Ylocos 19 ,, 2,843 5,686 25 1,425

Balayàn 6 ,, 933 1 7 1,866 9 10 450

Zebu 3 ,, 441 7 3 516 4 4 225

Ogton 14 ,, 2,164 7 2 4,329 19 21 1,050

Panay 10 ,, 1,098 2 4 2,196 14 11 750

Bay 1 ,, 122 0 9 244 4 1 75

------------ --------- --- -----

In 10 provinces, 89 ministries 11,690 4 7 23,013 10 134 6,675

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries and chaplains Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 9 ministries 710 2 4 1,420 14 16 675

Cavite 4 ,, 546 4 9 1,093 4 6 300

Mariveles 1 ,, 62 4 8 125 4 2 75

Mindoro 3 ,, 212 4 425 3 225

Zebu 15 ,, 1,661 7 2 3,323 19 17 1,125

Ogton 1 ,, 112 4 225 1 75

Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180

I. de Negros 3 ministries 238 476 3 225

Leyte 32 ,, 3,433 0 9 6,866 4 32 2,400

Samboanga 3 ,, 300 600 3 225

[Idem] and for their transportation 75

----------- --------- -- -----

In 9 provinces 71 ministries and 1 chaplain 7,532 3 8 14,554 21 83 5,325

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Provinces Ministries and chaplains Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

Tondo 1 ministry 17 34 3 75

Mariveles 2 ,, 226 3 150

Mindoro 4 ,, 315 6 4 631 14 7 300

Pangasinan 4 ,, 265 5 7 531 9 10 300

Albay 2 ,, 156 3 2 312 19 4 150

Zebu 2 ,, 171 6 4 343 14 6 150

Panay 2 ,, 210 420 4 150

Caraga 7 ,, 606 7 2 1,213 19 11 525

Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180

Calamianes 4 ministries 398 4 9 797 4 7 300

Idem 1 chaplain for the fort 180

----------- -------- -- -----

In 9 provinces 28 ministries and 2 chaplains 2,728 1 4 4,284 7 55 2,100

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

In order better to understand these tables, no estimate is made, in

the class of secular ecclesiastics, of the additional sums which many

of them enjoy from the treasury besides the amounts from the tributes

to which they minister, for the amount required for their subsistence,

in accordance with the royal decrees and acts of the treasury council

obtained at the beginning of their establishment; and this surplus

causes the disparity which cannot fail to be noticed. In the province

of Tayabas, which is administered by the religious of St. Francis,

there is no charge for rice, since this is always included in the

amount of cash [supplied from the treasury]--as was agreed between

this order, the governor, and the royal officials, on account of

the scarcity [of supplies] in that province, and the difficulties

which are found in the remittance, transportation, and delivery of

that commodity.

It is also set forth that, after the budget for the provinces was drawn

up, and the number of tributes in them realized, it was resolved in a

conference of the royal treasury officials to abolish the register of

strolling Indians, reducing them to a poll-list like the rest of the

tribute-payers. According to these latest enumerations the amounts

of the stipends are settled, and not in accordance with those which

were considered in the aforesaid budget--from which fact arises the

difference which is found in this one.

Summary of the amounts of stipends and contributions

Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

49 curates, 13 sacristans, and 1 chaplain

--[seculars] 9,338 3 4 9,764 21 49 3,675

42 ministers, religious of St. Dominic 4,663 1 5 9,326 6 72 3,150

62 ministers, discalced religious of St.

Francis 5,760 3 9 8,895 7 80 4,650

89 ministers, calced Augustinian religious 11,690 4 7 23,013 10 134 6,675

71 ministers and 1 chaplain of the Society

of Jesus 7,532 3 8 14,554 21 83 5,325

28 ministers and 2 chaplains of the

discalced Augustinians 2,728 1 4 4,284 7 55 2,100

------------ --------- --- ------

Totals 41,713 2 1 69,839 473 25,575

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

General summary of the amounts, in stipends, contributions, and grants,

with which the ecclesiastical estate in these islands is aided on

his Majesty's account.

Ministries Cash Rice, Wine, Oil,

p. t. gr. cav. gant. arrobas gantas

The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898; Volume 47, 1728-1759 Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century · 第 22 / 25 章