blue, with five deeper-coloured lines, cylindrical, elongated.
June. _l._ entire; radical ones crowded, petiolate, ovately
obovate, obtuse; cauline ones obovate-lanceolate, and linear. Plant
small, tufted. _h._ 3in. Carniola, 1813. A scarce little alpine
gem, thriving in a sunny chink in rich gritty soil.
=CAMPANULACEÆ.= A large order of herbs or sub-shrubs. Flowers blue
or white; corolla regular, bell-shaped, usually five-lobed. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate. The genus best known is _Campanula_; other
genera are _Adenophora_, _Jasione_, and _Phyteuma_.
=CAMPANULATE.= Bell-shaped.
=CAMPANUMÆA= (altered from _Campanula_). ORD. _Campanulaceæ_. A genus
of greenhouse herbaceous, tuberous-rooted, twining perennials. Flowers
involucrated, solitary, on axillary and terminal peduncles. Leaves
opposite, petiolate, glaucescent beneath. Stems and branches terete.
They thrive best in a rich sandy loam, with a little peat. Propagated
by seeds and divisions.
=C. gracilis= (graceful). _fl._ pale blue; corolla membranous, with
a tubular base, dilated throat, and slightly expanded, truncated
limb. _l._ on long petioles, ovate, blunt. Himalayas. SYN.
_Codonopsis gracilis_. (C. H. P. t. xvi. A.)
=C. inflata= (inflated). _fl._ yellowish, with brownish veins;
corolla herbaceous, ventricose; peduncles opposite the leaves,
one-flowered. _l._ alternate, ovate-cordate, acute. Himalayas. (C.
H. P. t. xvi. C.)
=C. javanica= (Javan). _fl._ yellowish, with brownish veins;
corolla herbaceous, very broadly campanulate, with five spreading
lobes. _l._ variable, opposite and alternate, ovate-cordate,
crenate. Himalayas. (C. H. P. t. xvi. B.)
=CAMPEACHY WOOD=, or =LOGWOOD=. _See_ =Hæmatoxylon campechianum=.
=CAMPHORA= (Camphor, commercial name of its chief product).
Camphor-tree. ORD. _Laurineæ_. Cool stove evergreen trees, now referred
to _Cinnamomum_. The true Camphor of commerce is a product of the oil
procured from the wood, branches, and leaves of this tree, by means of
dry distillation. The species thrives in a compost of peat and loam,
and may be propagated by cuttings.
=C. officinalis= (officinal). _fl._ greenish-white. March to June.
_l._ triple-nerved, lanceolate, ovate. _h._ 20ft. Japan, 1727. SYN.
_Cinnamomum Camphora_.
=CAMPHOR-TREE.= _See_ =Camphora=.
=CAMPION.= _See_ =Silene=.
=CAMPION, MOSS.= _See_ =Silene acaulis=.
=CAMPION, ROSE.= _See_ =Lychnis=.
=CAMPSIDIUM= (from _kampsis_, a curving). ORD. _Bignoniaceæ_. A small
genus, the best-known (perhaps the only) species being a handsome
greenhouse climber. For culture, _see_ =Bignonia=.
=C. chilense= (Chilian). Pipil Boqui. _fl._ rich orange colour;
corolla tubular, almost regular; anthers parallel. _l._ pinnate,
dark shining green. _h._ 30ft. to 40ft. Chili. (G. C. 1870, 1182.)
=CAMPTERIA.= Included under =Pteris= (which _see_).
=CAMPTODIUM.= _See_ =Nephrodium=.
=CAMPTOPUS= (from _kamptos_, curved, and _pous_, a foot; the
flower-stalk is curved downwardly). ORD. _Rubiaceæ_. A curious shrub,
now referred to _Cephaelis_. It requires a most stove temperature.
Cuttings will root in sandy loam, under a hand glass, in bottom heat.
=C. Mannii= (Mann's). _fl._ white, numerously produced in
subglobose, compound heads; peduncles stout, scarlet, drooping,
from 12in. to 18in. long. Summer. _l._ large, opposite, obovate
or obovate-lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous; midrib thick, red
beneath. _h._ 15ft. Fernando Po, 1863. (B. M. 5755.)
=CAMPTOSORUS.= _See_ =Scolopendrium=.
=CAMPYLANTHERA.= A synonym of =Pronaya=.
=CAMPYLIA.= Included under =Pelargonium=.
=CAMPYLOBOTRYS.= _See_ =Hoffmannia=.
=CAMPYLONEURON.= _See_ Polypodium.
=CAMWOOD.= _See_ =Baphia=.
=CANADA BALSAM.= _See_ =Abies balsamea=.
=CANADA RICE.= _See_ =Zizania aquatica=.
=CANADA TEA.= _See_ =Gaultheria procumbens=.
=CANALICULATE.= Channelled, or furrowed.
=CANARINA= (so named from its habitat). SYN. _Pernettya_ (of Scopoli).
ORD. _Campanulaceæ_. A beautiful, glaucescent, greenhouse, herbaceous
perennial. It thrives in a compost of loam, leaf mould, thoroughly
decomposed manure, and sand, in equal parts; ample root space and
perfect drainage are essential, and when new growth commences, a little
extra heat will considerably accelerate the development of the flowers.
Water should be liberally supplied during the growing season. The plant
may be propagated by divisions when repotting, in January; or by young
cuttings, inserted in sandy soil, in a gentle warmth.
=C. Campanula= (bell-shaped).* _fl._ of a yellowish purple or
orange colour, with red nerves, drooping, solitary, terminating
axillary branchlets; corolla six-lobed at the apex, large,
campanulate. January to March. _l._ opposite, hastately
sub-cordate, irregularly toothed. _h._ 3ft. to 4ft. Canary Islands,
1696. (B. M. 444.)
=CANARIUM= (from _Canari_, its vernacular name in the Malay language).
ORD. _Burseraceæ_. A rather large genus of stove trees. Flowers small,
in axillary panicles; petals usually three, valvate, or slightly
imbricate in the bud. Drupe ovoid or ellipsoid, often three-angled.
Leaves large, impari-pinnate. For culture, _see_ =Boswellia=.
=C. commune= (common). _fl._ white, glomerate, nearly sessile,
bracteate; panicle terminal. _l._, leaflets seven to nine, on long
stalks, ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, entire. India. The fruit
has a thin olive skin, and when the nuts are mature, they contain a
sweet kernel, which does not become rancid, and resembles a Sweet
Chestnut; they are also used for various economic purposes. (B. M.
Pl. 61.)
=CANARY-BIRD FLOWER.= _See_ =Tropæolum peregrinum=.
=CANAVALIA= (from _Canavali_, the name of one of the species in
Malabar). ORD. _Leguminosæ_. A genus of elegant twining or climbing
stove herbs or subshrubs. Flowers in racemes, produced from the axils
of the leaves; calyx bell-shaped, two-lipped; corolla papilionaceous.
Leaves trifoliate. They are well adapted for training up the rafters in
a stove or warm greenhouse. For culture, _see_ =Dolichos=.
=C. bonariensis= (Buenos Ayrean). _fl._ purple; racemes drooping,
longer than the leaves. July and August. _l._, leaflets ovate,
obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous. Buenos Ayres, 1824. (B. R. 1199.)
=C. ensiformis= (ensiform).* _fl._ white, red, pendulous; racemes
longer than the leaves. June. _l._, leaflets ovate, acute. India,
1790. SYN. _C. gladiata_. (B. M. 4027.)
=C. gladiata= (sword-podded). Synonymous with _C. ensiformis_.
=C. obtusifolia= (obtuse-leaved). _fl._ purple. July, August. _l._,
leaflets ovate obtuse. Malabar, 1820.
=CANBIA= (named in honour of W. M. Canby, of Wilmington, Delaware).
ORD. _Papaveraceæ_. A monotypic genus, remarkable for its persistent
(not caducous) corolla. Sepals three, caducous; petals six, barely
1/6in. in length; stamens six to nine.
[Illustration: FIG. 356. CANBIA CANDIDA.]
=B. candida= (glossy white). _fl._ white, solitary, on little
scapes. _l._ alternate, linear, entire. _h._ about 1in. Discovered
in sandy soil in South-east California, in 1876. See Fig. 356.
=CANCELLATE.= Latticed; resembling lattice-work.
=CANDELABRUM= or =CHANDELIER TREE=. _See_ =Pandanus candelabrum=.
=CANDLEBERRY MYRTLE.= _See_ =Myrica cereifera=.
=CANDLEBERRY-TREE.= _See_ =Aleurites triloba=.
=CANDLE-TREE.= _See_ =Parmentiera cerifera=.
=CANDOLLEA= (named after Augustus Pyramus De Candolle, formerly
Professor of Botany, at Geneva, and author of numerous botanical
works). ORD. _Dilleniaceæ_. A genus of very ornamental greenhouse
evergreen shrubs, natives of Australia. Flowers yellow, sub-solitary,
at the tips of the branches; sepals five, oval, mucronate; petals
obovate or obcordate. They thrive in a compost of equal parts loam
and peat, with which sufficient sand may be mixed to render the whole
porous. Cuttings will root, if placed in a similar compost, under a
hand glass; seeds are also sometimes obtainable.
[Illustration: FIG. 357. FLOWERS AND BUDS OF CANDOLLEA CUNEIFORMIS.]
=C. cuneiformis= (wedge-shaped).* _fl._ yellow. July. _l._ smooth,
obovately cuneated, blunt at the top, entire. Branches cinerous.
_h._ 7ft. 1824. See Fig. 357. (B. M. 2711.)
=C. Huegelii= (Huegel's). _fl._ at tops of the branches, among the
leaves, on short pedicels; sepals acuminate, hoary outside, longer
than the petals. May. _l._ linear, quite entire, villous when
young. _h._ 6ft. 1837.
=C. tetrandra= (four-stamened). _fl._ yellow, solitary; petals
emarginate. June. _l._ oblong, cuneate, toothed. _h._ 7ft. 1842.
(B. R. 1843, 50.)
=CANDYTUFT.= _See_ =Iberis=.
=CANE-BRAKE.= A common name for different species of _Arundinaria_.
=CANELLA= (a diminutive of _canna_, a reed; in allusion to the rolled
bark, like cinnamon). ORD. _Canellaceæ_. The best-known species of this
genus is a very ornamental and economically valuable stove evergreen
tree, which thrives in a mixture of loam and sand. Well-ripened
cuttings, taken off at a joint, will root in sand, under a hand glass,
with bottom heat, in April or May; but care should be taken not to
deprive them of any of their leaves. Sweet says that large old cuttings
are best.
=C. alba= (white).* _fl._ violet-colour, small, growing at the tops
of branches in cluster, but upon divided peduncles. _l._ alternate,
obovate, cuneated at the base, white, or glaucous beneath, somewhat
coriaceous, sometimes full of pellucid dots. _h._ 15ft. The
whole tree is very aromatic, and, when in blossom, perfumes the
neighbourhood. The flowers dried, and softened again in warm water,
have a fragrant odour, nearly approaching to that of Musk. The
leaves have a strong smell of Laurel. West Indies, &c., 1735. (T.
L. S. i., 8.)
=CANELLACEÆ.= A small order of tropical American aromatic shrubs,
allied to _Bixineæ_, from which it differs only in having the albumen
firmer, and with a smaller embryo. The genera are _Canella_ and
_Cinnamodendron_.
=CANESCENT.= Hoary, approaching to white.
=CANICIDIA.= A synonym of =Rourea= (which _see_).
=CANISTRUM= (from _canistrum_, a basket; in allusion to the
inflorescence resembling a basket of flowers). ORD. _Bromeliaceæ_.
Stove epiphytes, with showy inflorescence, and requiring similar
culture to =Billbergia= (which _see_).
=C. aurantiacum= (orange).* _fl._ orange-yellow, in a cup-shaped
involucre of orange-red bracts; scapes erect. June to September.
_l._ ligulate-lorate denticulate, deflexed. Brazil, 1873. See Fig.
358. (B. H. 1873, 15.)
[Illustration: FIG. 358. CANISTRUM AURANTIACUM.]
=C. eburneum= (ivory).* _fl._ white, green, disposed in a depressed
head, the white ovaries of which give an appearance as of eggs in a
basket. May. _l._ tufted, mottled, the central ones cream-coloured,
surrounding the flower-heads. _h._ 2ft. SYNS. _Guzmannia fragrans_
and _Nidularium Lindeni_. Brazil, 1876. (B. H. 1879, 13, 14.)
=C. roseum= (rose-coloured). _fl._ white, green; bracts rosy. 1879.
=C. viride= (green). _fl._ green. _l._ green, canaliculate,
acuminate, irregularly toothed. Brazil, 1875. SYN. _Nidularium
latifolium_. (B. H. 1874, 16.)
=CANKER.= This is a disease presenting very serious difficulties,
principally in the cultivation of Apples and Pears. Both the trees
and fruits, especially of some varieties, are, in many localities,
so far injured as not to be worth cultivating. What causes the
disease is not at all times known; indeed, it is, in most cases, but
imperfectly understood. Were the causes better known, the remedy might
generally be much easier found. Some of the primary causes are cold
and undrained soil, severe and careless pruning, extreme variations
of temperature, and excessive growth, made late in the season, when
it has not sufficient time to get well ripened. Trees that are badly
Cankered may often be improved by lifting, and replanting in improved
or better-drained soil. Immediately the disease is detected in young
trees, by the cracking of the bark or the skin of the fruits, measures
should be taken to find the cause, if possible, and avert its progress.
Some Pear-trees, in various localities, will not produce fruit without
Canker in the open garden, but they will do so when planted against
a wall; and as such may be the very best varieties, trees should be
placed in the latter position. The removal of large branches, late in
spring, will sometimes produce Canker, at the point where mutilation
has taken place; and it may be caused by severe late pruning, which
induces the growth of soft shoots that are almost certain to be injured
by severe frosts. The difference in the seasons, as regards the amount
of moisture, is one that can scarcely be provided against. One spring
may be favourable to rapid growth, and the following may be most
unfavourable, thereby arresting the natural flow of the sap until the
latter part of the summer, when excessive growth will probably take
place. Such checks invariably produce Canker. At times, the disease
seems caused by the punctures of insects, in an early stage, on the
stems or branches. In such instances, a thorough cleansing, and a
smearing of quicklime, made into a wash, often proves successful.
Strong tobacco water will destroy insects, and a weak solution of
sulphuric acid is also fatal to lichens and mosses, which should never
be allowed to obtain a footing. The chief preventatives, therefore,
are: Planting in well-drained soil; avoiding the use of any rank
manure, to cause excessive growth; changing the old, or adding new,
soil to injured trees; careful pruning, and the encouragement of early
growth in spring, and subsequent well ripening in autumn.
[Illustration: FIG. 359. CANNA INDICA, showing Habit, Flowers, and
Leaves.]
=CANNA= (derivation uncertain; according to some, from _cana_, the
Celtic name for cane, or reed). Indian Shot. ORD. _Scitamineæ_. A
large genus of stove herbaceous perennials, very extensively employed
in sub-tropical and other methods of summer gardening. Flowers
spathaceous; anther attached to the edge of the petal-like filament.
Leaves very ornamental. Few plants are more easily grown, or more
quickly propagated. Seeds of many of the finer sorts may be bought
cheaply from respectable seedsmen. These should be sown in heat, in
February or March. A warm house or cucumber pit is the best place for
sowing the seeds, which are very hard. If soaked in tepid water for
twenty-four hours, germination will be materially stimulated. A mixture
of sand and leaf mould is best for them, and a covering of 1-1/2in. or
2in. of earth is not excessive. They should be sown thinly, in pans.
As Cannas are gross, and have somewhat brittle roots in a young state,
it is a good plan to sow the seed singly in small pots. This method
preserves all the roots intact, and prevents any check in potting
off or dividing the plants out of seed pans or boxes. When this is
not done, the plants must be potted off singly, as soon as they have
formed two leaves, 3in. pots being used for the first shift. The soil
can hardly be too rich and porous. Equal parts rotted dung, loam, and
sand, with a little peat, form a capital mixture for them. The plants
must be kept in a growing temperature of 60deg. or so, during their
earlier stages, and shifted as required into larger pots. Under proper
management, the roots will fill 6in. pots by the middle or end of May.
They ought not to be planted out till the end of May or the first week
in June. Should fairly rich soil and a sheltered place be selected for
them, they will not only grow, but flower freely during the late summer
and autumn months. Cannas are also very effective indoors, either for
greenhouse or room decoration. For these purposes they may be grown
on in 8in., 10in., or even 12in., pots, with rich soil, and placed
either in a stove, intermediate house, warm or cool conservatory,
window, or room. Liberal supplies of manure water will be of very great
benefit. Propagation is also effected by means of divisions; they form
a root-stock very like some of the commoner and more free-growing
Irises, each portion of which, with bud and roots attached, may be
converted into an independent plant. The best mode of procedure is to
divide the root-stock in early spring, when the pieces may be placed in
4in. pots at once; and, if plunged in a bottom heat of 60deg. or so,
they will quickly resume root action and grow rapidly. They may also
be propagated by division without bottom heat. Those who grow large
quantities seldom put their plants in pots at all. Stored in pots or
boxes for the winter, they are divided and placed singly in similar
positions in the spring, and transferred from such vessels into the
open air. The best open site for Cannas is in a sheltered spot, with a
good depth of rich soil, and plenty of moisture. In such a position,
their noble leaves are not so much injured by rough winds. After
flowering, or at the end of the season, they may be lifted and stored
away in boxes, or in pots of earth, in dry, frost-proof sheds, or under
greenhouse stages during winter. In warm, sheltered situations, with
dry bottoms, they winter safely in the open, provided their crowns are
covered with 1ft. of litter or cocoa fibre refuse. But where the soil
is wet and cold, or the situation bleak and unprotected, they should be
lifted and stored away, as already described.
=C. Achiras variegata= (variegated Achiras).* _fl._ dark red.
August. _l._ bright green, striped with white and yellow. Better
adapted for indoor culture than out.
=C. Annæi= (M. Année's).* _fl._ salmon-colour, large, well formed.
June. _l._ large, green, glaucescent, ovate-acute, 2ft. long by
10in. wide. Stems vigorous, stiff, sea-green. _h._ 6ft. (R. H.
1861, 470.) Of this there are many forms, the best of which are:
=C. A. discolor= (two-coloured).* _fl._ rosy-yellow, few, small.
Late summer. _l._ lanceolate, erect, light red, 2-1/2ft. long,
10in. wide. Stems dark red. _h._ 3ft. to 5ft.
=C. A. fulgida= (red).* _fl._ orange-red, large, well-opened. _l._
20in. long, 6in. wide, deep purple, erect. Stems small, dark red.
_h._ 3ft. to 5ft.
=C. A. rosea= (rose).* _fl._ carmine-rose colour, small, few. Late
summer. _l._ 2ft. long, very narrow, pointed, erect. Stems dark
green, with a reddish base, numerous. _h._ 5ft.
=C. Auguste Ferrier= (A. Ferrier's).* _fl._ orange-red,
medium-sized. _l._ very large, oval, erect, pointed, deep green,
with narrow stripes and margins of dark purplish-red. Stem green,
very thick, downy. _h._ 10ft.
=C. aurantiaca= (orange). _fl._, segments of perianth rose-coloured
outside, reddish inside; upper lip orange, lower one yellow, dotted
with orange. _l._ large, broadly lanceolate, pale green; margins
slightly undulated. _h._ 6-1/2ft. Brazil, 1824.
=C. Bihorelli= (Bihorell's).* _fl._ deep crimson, produced upon
branching spikes in great abundance. _l._ red when young, changing
to deep bronze with age. _h._ 6ft. to 7ft. One of the best.
=C. Daniel Hooibrenk.= _fl._ bright orange, large, freely produced.
_l._ large, glaucous-green, acuminate, with bronzy margin. Stalks
strong, green. _h._ 6ft.
=C. Depute Henon.=* _fl._ pure canary-colour, with a yellowish
base, large; spikes numerous, rising gracefully above the foliage
to a height of 1-1/2ft. _l._ ovate-acute, erect. _h._ 4ft.
=C. discolor= (two-coloured).* _fl._ red. _l._ very large, broad,
ovate-oblong; lower ones tinged with a blood-red hue; upper ones
streaked with purple. Stems stout, reddish. _h._ 6ft. South
America, 1872. (B. R. 1231.)
=C. edulis= (edible). _fl._ large, with purple outer segments,
inner ones yellowish. _l._ broadly ovate-lanceolate, green, tinged
with maroon. Stems deep purple tinged. _h._ 6ft. to 7ft. Peru,
1820. (B. R. 775.)
=C. expansa-rubra= (red-expanded).* _fl._ large, with rounded
bright purple segments. _l._ very large, sometimes over 4ft. long,
and nearly 2ft. broad, ovate, obtuse, spreading horizontally, dark
red. Stems numerous, very thick. _h._ 4ft. to 6ft.
=C. flaccida= (flaccid). _fl._ yellow, very large, not very unlike
those of the native _Iris pseudo-acorus_. _l._ ovate-lanceolate,
erect. _h._ 2-1/2ft. South America, 1788. (L. B. C. 562.)
=C. gigantea= (gigantic).* _fl._ large, very ornamental, with
orange-red outer, and deep purple red inner segments. Summer. _l._
about 2ft. long; petioles covered with a velvety down. _h._ 6ft.
South America, 1788. (B. R. 206.)
=C. indica= (Indian).* Indian Reed. _fl._ rather large, irregular;
spikes erect, with light yellow and carmine-red divisions. Summer.
_l._ large, alternate, ovate-lanceolate. _h._ 3ft. to 6ft. West
Indies, 1570. See Fig. 359. (B. M. 454.)
=C. insignis= (magnificent). _fl._ orange-red, few, small. _l._
ovate, spreading horizontally, green, rayed and margined with
purplish-red. Stems violet, downy. _h._ 3ft. to 5ft.
=C. iridiflora= (Iris-flowered). _fl._ rose, with a yellow spot on
the lip; spikes slightly drooping, several emanating from the same
spathe. Summer. _l._ broadly ovate-acuminate. _h._ 6ft. to 8ft.
Peru, 1816. (B. R. 609.)
=C. i. hybrida= (hybrid). _fl._ blood-red, very large, only
properly developed when grown in a greenhouse. _l._ green, very
large. Stem green, downy, somewhat reddish. _h._ 6ft. to 8ft.
=C. limbata= (bordered).* _fl._ yellowish-red, disposed in long
loose spikes; spathes glaucous. _l._ oblong-lanceolate, acute. _h._
3ft. Native country uncertain, 1818. (B. R. 771.)
=C. l. major= (larger-bordered). _fl._ orange-red, large. _l._
large, lanceolate, 2-1/2ft. long, 8in. wide, spreading, deep green.
Stems downy. _h._ 5ft. to 6-1/2ft.
=C. nigricans= (blackish).* _l._ coppery-red, lanceolate,
acuminate, erect, 2-1/2ft. long, 10in. to 12in. broad. Stems
purplish-red. _h._ 4-1/2ft. to 8ft. One of the finest kinds. _C.
atro-nigricans_ has leaves of a purplish shade, passing into dark
red, of a deeper hue than those of _C. nigricans_.
=C. Premices de Nice.= _fl._ bright yellow, very large. Stems and
leaves like those of _C. Annæi_.
=C. Rendatleri= (Rendatler's).* _fl._ salmon-red, numerous,
large. _l._ much pointed, deep green, tinged with dark red. Stems
purplish-red. _h._ 6ft. to 8ft.
[Illustration: FIG. 360. FLOWERING SPIKE OF CANNA SPECIOSA.]
=C. speciosa= (showy).* _fl._ sessile, in pairs; petals two, erect,
bifid; lip spotted, revolute. August. _l._ lanceolate. _h._ 3ft.
Nepaul, 1820. See Fig. 360. (B. M. 2317.)
=C. Van-Houttei= (Van Houtte's).* _fl._ bright scarlet, large,
very abundantly produced. _l._ lanceolate, 2ft. to 2-1/2ft. long,
acuminated, green, rayed and margined with dark purplish-red.
=C. Warscewiczii= (Warscewicz's).* _fl._ with brilliant scarlet
inner, and purplish outer segments. _l._ ovate-elliptic, narrowed
at both ends, deeply tinged with dark purple. _h._ 3ft. Costa Rica,
1849. (B. H. 2, 48.) There are several varieties of this species,
the best two are: _Chatei_, with very large dark red leaves, and
_nobilis_, with deep green leaves, rayed and margined with dark red.
=C. zebrina= (zebra-striped).* _fl._ orange, small. _l._ very
large, ovate, erect, deep green, passing into dark red, rayed with
violet-purple. Stems dark violet-red. _h._ 6ft. to 8ft.
=CANNABINACEÆ.= This order, of which the genus _Cannabis_ (Hemp) is the
type, is now merged into _Urticaceæ_.
=CANNABIS= (from the Greek word _kannabis_, used by Dioscorides, and
that from Sanskrit _canam_). Hemp. ORD. _Urticaceæ_. A small genus,
of but little ornamental value. Flowers racemose, diœcious. Nut
two-valved, within the closed calyx. The undermentioned species is a
hardy annual, of easy culture in ordinary garden soil. Propagated by
seeds, sown in spring.
=C. sativa= (cultivated). _fl._ greenish. June. _l._ on long
stalks; leaflets from five to seven, long, lanceolate, acuminated;
margins serrated. _h._ 4ft. to 10ft., or even 20ft. India, &c. This
plant is cultivated very extensively for the sake of its valuable
fibre. Well-grown plants have rather an ornamental appearance
during the summer months. See Fig. 361.
[Illustration: FIG. 361. HEAD OF CANNABIS SATIVA.]