rose-coloured midribs; ADOLPHE AUDRIEN,* a very attractive variety,
with fine large richly-coloured foliage; AGRIPPINE DIMITRY, leaves
large, with white ground, narrow green margin and veins, and pink
centre; ALCIBIADE,* crimson-rayed centre, surrounded with pale
green, and blotched with pure white, green margin; ALFRED BLEU,
leaves rich green, with pure white spots, and flesh-coloured
centre; ALFRED MAME,* carmine-red, bordered with white, and
profusely spotted with rose; ALPHAND, green, spotted with red,
crimson centre; ALPHONSE KARR, rosy-carmine centre and red spots;
ARISTIDE, light green, with crimson centre; AUGUSTE LEMONIER,*
fine large leaves, with soft green centre, and rosy-crimson ribs
and veins; AUGUSTE RIVIERE, white centre and rays upon a light
green ground, with crimson spots; BARILLET,* bright rosy-crimson
centre, and ribs on green ground, with broad margin of rich green;
BARON DE ROTHSCHILD, rich blood-red centre, and spots, on mottled
green leaf-ground; BARONNE JAMES DE ROTHSCHILD,* young leaves of a
bright rose colour, the more matured foliage soft rose, with red
veins; BARRAL, bright green, with a fine red centre, and large
spots of rose; BEETHOVEN,* ground colour white, intersected and
veined with green, centre rib delicate rose; BELLEYMEI,* fine white
variegated leaves; BELLINI, mottled pale green ground, with rosy
centre and spots; BLANQUÆRTI, dark green, with grey veins and white
spots; BUREL, dark bluish-green, veined bright rose, marked with
rosy-violet, and spotted orange-red; CHANTINII FULGENS,* rich dark
metallic-green, with attractive crimson centre and white spots;
CHELSONI,* bright glossy green, suffused with brilliant red, and
blotched with crimson; CLIO, ground colour deep rose, shaded white,
green ribs and narrow green margin; DE CANDOLLE,* rich green,
with beautiful rose-coloured spots and creamy white centre rays;
DE HUMBOLDT, a fine variety, having glossy green leaves, spotted
with scarlet; DEVINCK, leaves heart-shaped, delicate pink centre
ribs, interspersed with white spots; DR. BOISDUVAL, centre rayed
crimson, snow-white blotches on a green ground; DR. LINDLEY,*
crimson centre, the green ground marked with rose blotches; DUC
DE CLEVELAND, deep red centre, surrounded with pea-green, largely
spotted with red; DUC DE MORNY,* deep green leaf borders, with
large crimson-rayed centre; DUC DE NASSAU,* brilliant red centre
and ribs, white spot on emerald green leaf borders; DUC DE RATIBOR,
green ground, with red midribs marked with white spots; DUCHARTRE,
leaf-ground white, flushed rose, green veins and red spots; EDOUARD
ANDRE, crimson centre, and rose blotches; EDOUARD MOREAUX, mottled
green ground, with lake centre; EDOUARD RODRIGUES,* deep carmine,
margined with light green, and spotted with rose; E. G. HENDERSON,*
green, with transparent rose spots and mottled crimson rays and
centre; ELVINA, bright green, blotched with red, grey centre and
veins; EMILIE VERDIER,* leaves of a light transparent rose colour,
spotted with red; ETOILE D'ARGENT,* bright green, midribs and veins
creamy-white, shaded with grey; EUCHARIS, rose centre, with violet
reflections, margined with bright green, very fresh and bright
looking; FELICIEN DAVID,* centre of leaf dark carmine, surrounded
with white and beautifully veined with red on a light green ground;
GOLDEN QUEEN, leaves large, pale golden yellow, uniform in colour;
GRETRY, carmine centre, with white spots on a dark green ground;
HELEVY, white midribs and marked with crimson blotches, on a green
ground; HEROLD,* dark carmine veins, surrounded by light green,
blotched with pure white, and margined dark green; IBIS ROSE,* a
magnificent variety, with beautiful rich rose-coloured foliage,
extremely attractive; ISADORA LEROY, rich metallic green, with
crimson-red centre rays; JULES DUPLESSIS, bright rose centre,
shaded with rich red and bordered with green; JULES PUTZEYS, rich
green, with crimson midrib and veins, centre mottled grey, and
the whole surface blotched with red; LAINGII,* reddish-carmine
centre, surrounded with yellowish-green, the whole of the leaf
sprinkled with white; LAMARTINE, deep crimson centre, with white
and red spots; LA PERLE DU BRÉSIL,* exceedingly attractive, large
leaves, white, delicately tinted with rose, midrib and veins
dark green; LEPLAY, leaves attractively marked with white, and
beautifully veined with rosy-violet; LOUISE DUPLESSIS, red rays
and veins on a white ground, green margin; LUDDEMANNII,* deep
crimson ribs, the leaf blotched with magenta and white, border pea
green; MADAME ALFRED BLEU, deep green, with large white blotches,
and broad crimson-scarlet veins; MADAME ALFRED MAME, light green,
covered with large white spots, rosy-carmine centre; MADAME DE
LA DEVANSAYE, leaves white, shaded rose, and veined with red and
green; MADAME DOMBRAIN,* centre and ribs pale yellowish-green,
shaded rose, surface covered with large white and rose spots;
MADAME FRITZ KŒCHLIN,* white ground, with violet-rose ribs and
green veins, a beautiful dwarf-growing variety; MADAME HEINE,*
silvery white, stained and edged with pale green, distinct; MADAME
HUNNEBELLE, leaves veined with light garnet colour on a white
ground, and margined with green veins; MADAME JULES MÉNOREAU,
fine large leaves, with white centre tinted rose, veined rich
bright rose, and margined green; MADAME LAFORGE, centre and ribs
reddish-crimson, with green margin; MADAME MARJOLIN SCHEFFER,*
a beautiful variety, with white foliage, charmingly veined and
netted with pure rosy-lake; MADAME WILLAUME, a charming variety,
with transparent leaves, of a delicate salmon-rose colour; MARQUIS
DE CAUX, red centre and veins, with rose blotches on margins;
MARTERSTYGINUM, crimson centre and white spots; MERCADANTE, pale
copper-coloured centre and veins, bordered with green; MEYERBEER,*
white leaf-ground, green veins, and red midribs; MINERVE,* silvery
white midrib and rays, surrounded with greyish white, green margin,
with snowy white spots; MITHRIDATE, ground colour crimson-lake,
with darker ribs, and dark bronze-green margin; MONSIEUR A. HARDY,
rich reddish-carmine veins on white ground, tinted with rose and
spotted with green; MONSIEUR J. LINDEN,* a fine large whitish leaf,
with metallic reflections, coral-rose veins, and reticulated green
border; MRS. LAING,* white ground, deep rose centre and veins,
green margin; MURILLO,* centre and veins metallic-red, with large
crimson blotches, broad margin of lustrous bronzy-green; NAPOLEON
III.,* flamed crimson centre, with forked rays, and carmine spots
on green ground; ONSLOW, deep rosy-crimson centre, with broad
green margin, spotted with rose; PAILLET, crimson centre, broad
green margin, splashed with crimson, and dotted with white; PAUL
VERONESSE, large leaves, with pinkish-white centre, deep scarlet
ribs, and broad green margin; PHILIPPE HERBERT, deep mottled
crimson rays, and clear white margin, spotted with crimson;
PICTUM, green blotched, and spotted with white; PRINCE ALBERT,*
dark emerald green, rich crimson midrib, radiating from centre
to margins, the intervening spaces spotted with white; PRINCE OF
WALES,* a very handsome variety, with large golden-yellow leaves;
PRINCESS ALEXANDRA,* rosy-salmon leaf, green centre rib, bordered
with magenta-crimson, green margin, with light pink chain; PRINCESS
OF TECK,* ground colour bright orange-yellow, the veins suffused
with deep red; PRINCESS ROYAL, leaves of a golden ground, with
crimson centre; PYRRHUS, centre and ribs deep crimson, pea-green
margins; QUADRICOLOR, centre of leaf pale yellowish-green, ribs
white, edged rosy-crimson, and margined green; RAMSAU, centre and
ribs deep reddish-crimson, surface covered with white blotches,
shaded red; RAULINII, rich red centre and veins, finely spotted
with white; REGALE, silvery grey centre, rosy-red ribs, spotted
with vermilion-red; REINE MARIE DE PORTUGAL,* violet-rose centre,
with red veins, dark maroon zone, and green border, very handsome;
REINE VICTORIA,* green veins and margins, spotted or marbled with
white and rich crimson; ROSSINI, large leaf, with pale centre,
pink midribs, and red blotches; ROUILLARD, glossy green margin,
pale green centre, midrib and rays rich violet-plum, the whole
leaf spotted crimson; SANCHONIANTHON, crimson centre, deep glossy
crimson ribs, and pea-green margin; SIEBOLDII, rich green, with
fiery-red crimson-rayed centre, green spaces, spotted with claret
red; SOUVENIR DE MADAME E. ANDRE,* large deep green leaves, marbled
with pure white, veins fine rosy crimson; SPONTINI, pea-green, with
white spots, and rosy-pink ribs and veins; THIBAUTII, fine large
leaf, with rich crimson veins on a red ground; TRICOLOR, edges of
leaves grey-green, intersected with dark green, centre red-lake,
carmine midribs; TRIOMPHE DE L'EXPOSITION,* crimson centre, with
red ribs, and green border; VERDI, crimson-lake centre with small
green zone and apple-green margin; VESTA, greenish-white veins,
surrounded with crimson, the whole of the leaf spotted bright rose;
VICOMTESSE DE LA ROQUE-ORDAN, red midrib, and rays bordered with
white, the margin beautiful emerald green; VILLE DE MULHOUSE, a
beautiful variety, with greenish-white leaves, shaded rose, and
rich green centre; VIRGINALE,* clear shining white, veined with
dark bluish-green, a handsome variety.
=CALAIS.= _See_ =Microseris=.
=CALAMAGROSTIS= (from _calamos_, a reed, and _agrostis_, grass). ORD.
_Gramineæ_. An extensive genus of grasses, for the most part hardy.
Panicle more or less spreading; spikelets compressed, one-flowered;
empty glumes two, sub-equal, lanceolate, pointed, keeled, awnless. They
thrive in any ordinary garden soil. Seeds may be sown during autumn.
=C. lanceolata= (lanceolate). _fl._ purple, spreading in all
directions; panicle erect, loose, much branched. July. Culms about
3ft. high, smooth, slender. Britain (moist woods and hedges). (Sy.
En. B. 1724.)
=C. stricta= (upright). _fl._ brown, spreading in all directions;
panicle erect, close. June. Culm about 2ft. high, very slender,
smooth. England, &c. (bogs and marshes), but very rare. (Sy. En. B.
1725.)
=CALAMANDER WOOD.= _See_ =Diospyros quœsita=.
=CALAMINT.= _See_ =Calamintha=.
=CALAMINTHA= (from _kalos_, beautiful, and _mintha_, mint). Calamint.
ORD. _Labiatæ_. A genus of hardy herbaceous plants, having the
following essential characters: Calyx two-lipped; stamens diverging;
upper lip of corolla nearly flat; tube straight. Rather pretty plants,
with Thyme-like flowers, well suited for furnishing rock gardens.
They grow in almost any garden soil. Increased by seeds, cuttings, or
divisions of the roots, in spring.
=C. Acinos= (Acinos). Basil Thyme. _fl._ bluish-purple, variegated
with white and dark purple, disposed in whorls, one on each
flower-stalk. July and August. _l._ acute, serrate. Stems branched,
ascending, leafy. _h._ 6in. England. Annual. SYNS. _Acinos
vulgaris_ and _Thymus Acinos_. (Sy. En. B. 1048.)
=C. alpina= (alpine). _fl._ purplish, almost sessile, four to six
in a whorl, June to September. _l._ petiolate, roundish or ovate,
slightly serrated. _h._ 6in. S. Europe, 1731. A freely branched,
tufted plant.
=C. grandiflora= (large-flowered).* _fl._ purplish, 1-1/2in. long,
in loose racemes; throat much inflated. June. _l._ petiolate,
ovate, acute, coarsely toothed, rounded at the base, 2in. to 3in.
long. Herbaceous stems branched at the base, and decumbent. _h._
1ft. 1596.
=C. patavina= (Paduan). _fl._ pale or purplish-red, rather large.
June. _l._ petiolate, ovate, acute, pubescent. _h._ 6in. to 9in. S.
Europe, 1776.
=CALAMPELIS.= _See_ =Eccremocarpus=.
=CALAMUS= (from _kalamos_, a reed; old Greek name used by
Theophrastus). ORD. _Palmeæ_. An elegant genus of stove palms. Flowers
small, usually of a rose or greenish colour, clustered upon branching
spikes, each branch having a separate spathe, which is not large enough
to enclose it. Fruit one-seeded, and covered with smooth, shining
scales. Leaves pinnate. Stems reed-like, 1in. to 2in. in thickness.
When in a young state, these palms are most effective as drawing or
diningroom decorations; and, when in a more mature condition, they are
excellent as stove ornaments and for exhibition purposes. They are all
of slender growth, and of easy culture in a compost of equal parts
loam and vegetable mould; a copious supply of water being needed to
keep them in a flourishing state. Propagated by seeds. _C. Rotang_,
_C. viminalis_, and several other species furnish the canes usually
employed in this country for the bottoms of chairs, couches, &c.
=C. accedens= (yielding). _l._ long, arching, dark green, pinnate;
pinnæ long, narrow, closely set; petioles with slender black
spines. India. A rare, but elegant, slender-growing, miniature tree.
=C. adspersus= (scattered). _l._ pinnate; pinnæ 6in. to 8in. long,
narrow, deep green; petioles about 6in. in length, sheathing at
the base, clothed with long, slender, black spines. Stem not much
stouter than a large wheat straw. _h._ 20ft. Java, 1866.
=C. asperrimus= (very rough).* _l._ pinnate, 3ft. to 12ft. long;
pinnæ 1ft. to 2ft. in length, 1in. in breadth, pendent, light
green, upper side with two rows of hair-like spines; petioles
broadly sheathing at the base, densely armed with long, stout,
black spines. Java, 1877. A beautiful species, which attains a
considerable size. (I. H. 275.)
=C. ciliaris= (fringed).* _l._ pinnate, clothed with a quantity of
soft hair-like bristles; petioles sheathing at the base. Stem erect
and slender. India, 1869. From the plume-like habit of the leaves,
it makes a splendid plant for table decoration, as well as being a
beautiful specimen for exhibition.
=C. draco= (dragon). _l._ 4ft. to 6ft. in length, beautifully
arched, pinnate; pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, narrow, slightly
pendent, dark green; petioles sheathing at base, armed with long,
flat, black spines. _h._ 20ft. to 30ft. India, 1819. A very
handsome species, with a robust constitution.
=C. fissus= (cleft). _l._ ovate in outline, pinnate, when young
bright cinnamon; leaflets pendent, dark green, bearing on the upper
side a few black hair-like bristles; petioles armed with dark,
stout spines. Borneo. A very ornamental species.
=C. flagellum= (whip-like). _l._ 6ft. to 8ft. in length when fully
grown, pinnate; pinnæ pendent, about 1ft. in length and 1in. in
breadth, dark green, furnished on the upper side with two rows of
long, white, hair-like spines; petioles sheathing, copiously armed
with stout white spines, much swollen at the base, and tipped with
black. Stem slender.
=C. Hystrix= (bristly). _l._ pinnate; petioles spiny. A
compact-growing and very graceful species.
=C. Jenkinsianus= (Jenkins's). _l._ pinnate, gracefully arched,
2ft. to 6ft. long; pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. broad, rich dark
green; petioles slightly sheathing at the base, armed with long
flat spines. Sikkim.
=C. leptospadix= (slender-spadix).* _l._ pinnate; pinnules about
1/3in. wide, and from 6in. to 12in. long, subulately acuminate;
upper surface with three bristle-bearing ribs; a few smaller
bristles are disposed along the midrib underneath; margins finely
and regularly toothed with small ascending bristles; petiole
channelled, tomentose towards the base, bearing three or four
solitary needle-like spines, about 1in. long. India. A rare
species, and described as one of the most graceful.
=C. Lewisianus= (Lewis's).* _l._ ultimately spreading, 2ft. to 6ft.
long, pinnate: pinnæ equidistant, 1/2in. broad, and front 13in.
to 15in. long: veins on the upper surface bristled, under surface
smooth; margins rough, with appressed bristles; petioles white,
with a broad, sheathing, blackish-brown base, densely armed with
long, flat, black spines. India. A fine, but somewhat rare, species.
=C. Rotang= (Rotang). _l._ pinnate, from 3ft. to 4ft. in length.
very gracefully arched; pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, less than 1in.
broad; upper side dark green, with two rows of hair-like spines;
petioles and stems armed sparingly with stout, slightly reversed
spines. Stems slender. India. When young, especially, this plant is
very handsome.
=C. Royleanus= (Royle's).* _l._ pinnate, arching; pinnæ very
numerous, narrow, pendent, deep green; petioles with few spines,
dark green. North-west Himalayas.
=C. spectabilis= (showy).* _l._ pinnate, with a few pairs of smooth
linear-lanceolate, three-ribbed leaflets, measuring 6in. to 8in.
long; petioles green, furnished with numerous short conical white
spines, tipped with brown. Malacca. A slender-growing species.
=C. verticillaris= (whorled). _l._ pinnate, with a very ornamental
plume-like appearance; pinnæ long, broad, drooping; petioles with
the spines arranged verticillately. Malacca. This beautiful species
is extremely rare.
=C. viminalis= (twiggy).* _l._ 1ft. to 2ft. long, pinnate; pinnæ
about 6in. long, narrow, light green; petioles sheathing, densely
armed with long flat white spines. When only 3ft. or 4ft. in
height, its spiny whip-like spikes of flowers are often produced.
Stem slender. _h_. 50ft. Java, 1847.
The following are other, but less-known, species: _australis_,
_elegans_, _micranthus_, _niger_, _oblongus_, and _tenuis_.
=CALAMUS AROMATICUS.= An old name of =Acorus Calamus= (which _see_).
=CALAMUS ODORATUS.= An old name of =Andropogon Schœnanthus= (which
_see_).
[Illustration: FIG. 315. CALANDRINIA MENZIESII, showing Flower and
Habit.]
=CALANDRINIA= (in honour of L. Calandrini, an Italian botanist, who
lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century). ORD. _Portulaceæ_. A
rather large genus of fleshy, glabrous, annual or perennial, herbaceous
plants, some fourteen or fifteen species growing in Australia, the rest
occurring in the New World. Flowers usually rose or purple, solitary,
or in terminal umbels or racemes. Leaves quite entire, radical or
alternate. Only four or five species are cultivated in this country;
these are treated as half-hardy annuals--with the exception of _C.
umbellata_, which is best treated as a biennial--and as such they are
extensively grown in small gardens, with most satisfactory results.
They should be sown in the spots where they are intended to flower, as
transplantation, unless performed with more than ordinary care, will
considerably check their growth or result in loss. Their flowers only
expand during bright sunshine, and, consequently, they are less grown
than they otherwise would be. The plants thrive in a light sandy soil.
_C. umbellata_ may be sown in a pan, placed in a cold frame, in May or
June; and when the plants are large enough to handle, they should be
potted off, or placed out in colonies where they are to bloom.
=C. discolor= (two-coloured). _fl._ bright rose, with a yellow
tuft of stamens in the centre, 1-1/2in. across; raceme long. July,
August. _l._ fleshy, obovate, attenuated at the base, pale green
above, purple beneath. _h._ 1ft. to 1-1/2ft. Chili, 1834. (B. M.
3357.)
=C. grandiflora= (large.flowered).* _fl._ rosy, about 2in. across;
calyx spotted; raceme simple, loose. Summer. _l._ fleshy, rhomboid,
acute, petiolate. Stem suffruticose. _h._ 1ft. Chili, 1826. (B. R.
1194.)
=C. Menziesii= (Menzies').* FL. deep purple-crimson, from 1/2in. to
1in. across, terminal and axillary, solitary. June to September.
_l._ elongated, spathulate, much attenuated at the base. Stems much
branched, prostrate. California, 1831. SYN. _C. speciosa_. See Fig.
315. (B. R. 1598.)
=C. nitida= (shining). _fl._ rose-coloured, about 2in. across;
raceme leafy, many-flowered. Summer. _l._ oblong-spathulate,
sub-acute, glabrous, attenuated at the base, 1in. to 2in. in
length. _h._ 6in. Chili, 1837. A very pretty hardy annual, forming
a tuft from 4in. to 6in. across.
=C. speciosa= (showy). A synonym of _C. Menziesii_.
[Illustration: FIG. 316. CALANDRINIA UMBELLATA, showing Flower and
Habit.]
=C. umbellata= (umbellate).* _fl._ of a dazzling magenta-crimson,
about as large as a sixpence; corymb cymose, terminal,
many-flowered. Summer. _l._ radical, linear, acute, pilose. _h._
6in. Peru, 1826. A very charming half-hardy biennial. See Fig. 316.
(P. M. B. 12, 271.)
Other species occasionally met with are: _compressa_, _micrantha_, and
_procumbens_; they are, however, inferior to those described above.
=CALANTHE= (from _kalos_, beautiful, and _anthos_, a flower). ORD.
_Orchideæ_. SEC. _Vandæ_. A very handsome genus of stove terrestrial
orchids. They may be characterised as robust-growing plants, producing
large, broad, many-ribbed, or plaited leaves, which are, with one or
two exceptions, evergreen, and long spikes, bearing many flowers,
distinguished by their calcarate lip, which is attached to the column,
and by the eight thick, waxy pollen masses adhering to a separate
gland. Calanthes should be special favourites with amateurs, as, in the
first place, they produce an abundance of showy flowers, which last
a long time in perfection; and, secondly, because they are so easily
managed. In potting these plants, it will be necessary to depart from
the usual style of potting orchids, and, instead of elevating them
above the rim of the pot upon a cone of peat and sphagnum, they must
be kept below the rim, as in potting ordinary plants. In place of the
usual soil and moss, these plants should have a mixture of loam, leaf
mould, and peat, broken up rough, to which may be added some silver
sand and dried cow manure. During the growing season, they require
abundant supply of water, and in winter even this element must be
administered freely to the evergreen kinds; whilst the deciduous ones,
on the contrary, enjoy a thorough rest after blooming. Good drainage
is essential to all. Little more need be said upon the cultivation of
Calanthes during the summer months. When growing, they enjoy strong
heat and plenty of moisture; but, when growth is complete, a cooler
situation is most beneficial. They are subject to the attacks of
various insects, which must be continually searched for, and, when
found, destroyed; for, if neglected in this particular, the bold
and handsome leaves will be much disfigured, and rendered far from
ornamental. Propagated by suckers and divisions. About forty species
are known, of which the following are a selection:
=C. curculigoides= (Curculigo-like). _fl._ beautiful orange-yellow,
disposed in an erect spike. Summer and autumn. _l._ large,
evergreen, plaited. _h._ 2ft. Malacca, 1844. (B. R. 33, 8.)
=C. Dominyi= (Dominy's).* _fl._, sepals and petals lilac; lip deep
purple. This fine hybrid is a cross between _C. Masuca_ and _C.
veratrifolia_. (B. M. 5042.)
=C. furcata= (forked). _fl._ creamy white, very freely produced;
spikes erect, 3ft. long. June to August. Luzon Isles, 1836. An
excellent exhibition plant.
=C. Masuca= (Masuca).* _fl._, sepals and petals deep violet colour,
with an intense violet-purple lip; numerously produced on spikes
2ft. long. June to August. India, 1838. (B. M. 4541). The variety
_grandiflora_ differs from the type in its greater size both of
spike and individual flower; the gigantic spikes are from 3ft. to
4ft. high, and continue blooming for three months.
=C. Petri= (Peter Veitch's).* _fl._ whitish-yellow. Said to be very
like _C. veratrifolia_, but bearing leaves a little narrower, and a
system of five curious sulcate yellowish calli on the base of the
lip, without the single lamella and teeth which are proper to that
species. Polynesia, 1880.
=C. pleiochroma= (many-coloured). _fl._ whitish, purplish, ochre,
orange. Japan, 1871.
=C. Regnieri= (Regnier's). _fl._, sepals and petals white; lip
rosy-pink; middle lobe short, wedge-shaped, and emarginate.
Pseudo-bulbs jointed, Cochin China. _fausta_ is a fine variety,
with the base of the tip and column a warm crimson.
=C. Sieboldii= (Siebold's).* _fl._ yellow, large; spikes erect.
_l._ broad, dark green, plaited. _h._ 1ft. Japan, 1837. An elegant
evergreen dwarf-growing species. (R. H. 1855, 20.)
=C. Textori= (Textor's). _fl._ cream-white, washed with violet on
the petals and column, as well as on the base of lip, where the
calli are brick-red, changing later on to ochre-colour, excepting
the white-lilac base of sepals and petals and the column; lip very
narrow. Japan, 1877.
[Illustration: FIG. 317. SINGLE FLOWER OF CALANTHE VEITCHII.]
=C. Veitchii= (Veitch's).* _fl._ rich bright rose, with a white
throat; spikes often attaining a height of 3ft., and bearing an
immense quantity of flowers. Winter. _l._ large, plaited, light
green, deciduous. Pseudo-bulbs flask-shaped. This very beautiful
hybrid is the result of a cross between _C. vestita_ and _C. rosea_
(SYN. _Limatodes rosea_). See Fig. 317. (B. M. 5375.)
=C. veratrifolia= (Veratrum-leaved).* _fl._ pure white, except the
green tips of the sepals and the golden papillæ on the disk of the
labellum; spikes 2ft. to 3ft. high, freely produced on well-grown
plants. May to July. _l._ 2ft. or more long, dark green, broad,
many-ribbed, with wavy margins. India, 1819. See Fig. 318. (B. M.
2615.)
[Illustration: FIG. 318. SINGLE FLOWER OF CALANTHE VERATRIFOLIA.]
=C. vestita= (clothed).* _fl._, sepals and petals pure white,
numerously produced in a many-flowered, nodding spike. _l._
deciduous. Pseudo-bulbs large, whitish, _h._ 2-1/2ft. Burmah. (B.
M. 4671.) The varieties of this species are very numerous.
=C. v. igneo-oculata= (fire-eyed).* _fl._, base of the column
purplish, over which is a dazzling fire-colour, the blotch in the
base of the lip of the same colour. Borneo, 1876.
=C. v. nivalis= (snowy).* _fl._ pure white, entirely destitute of
any colour on the lip. Java, 1868.
=C. v. rubro-oculata= (red-eyed).* _fl._ delicate white, with a
blotch of rich crimson in the centre; upwards of 2in. across;
spikes long, drooping, having a white downy covering, and rising
from the base of the silvery-green pseudo-bulbs, when the latter
are without leaves. October to February.
=C. v. Turneri= (Turner's).* _fl._ pure white, with rose-coloured
eye, larger, and produced on longer flower-spikes than the other
kinds; form of flowers more compact. Java. This is considered by
some authorities, to be a distinct species.
=CALATHEA= (from _kalathos_, a basket; in reference to the
basket-shaped stigma, or to the leaves being worked into baskets in
South America). ORD. _Scitamineæ_. This genus of very ornamental-leaved
stove plants is distinguished from _Maranta_ by mere botanical
characters; and the two genera are often confounded. Flowers in
terminal spikes, bracteate; perianth six-cleft, outer segments
lanceolate, inner ones blunt and irregular; stamens three, petal-like.
Leaves large, springing from the contracted stem, near the root. They
delight in a rich, loose, open soil, consisting of peat, loam, and
leaf soil, in about equal proportions, with the addition of a good
sprinkling of sand, to keep it open and porous. The mixture should be
used in a rough, lumpy state, so that the roots, which are of large
size, may be able to travel with freedom. Nearly all the species admit
of easy increase by division. July is a favourable time to set about
it, or it may be carried out any time between that and the spring
months. In order to make the necessary separation without damaging the
roots, the plants should be shaken out from the soil, when they may
be divided into as many pieces as there are separate crowns. Whether
an increased stock be desired or not, Calatheas require fresh soil
annually; and, if not reduced by division, they become much too thickly
foliaged to properly develop, unless they are shifted into larger-sized
pots, which can always be done if large specimens are required. When
making divisions, see that each crown is well furnished with roots, so
that they may at once commence sending up fresh young foliage. Although
Calatheas require an abundant supply of water while growing, a stagnant
moisture is most injurious; good drainage is, therefore, essential.
To have the leaves in fine, healthy condition, plenty of atmospheric
moisture must be maintained during their growth; and, if syringing
is resorted to for the purpose of securing this, clear soft water
should be used, or an unsightly deposit will be the result, by which
the beauty of the plants, unless they are frequently sponged, will
be spoiled. These plants require, in addition to plenty of moisture,
moderate shade during the summer, as they dislike strong sunshine, and
may, therefore, be grown among ferns, under creepers, in situations
that would be of little use for other purposes. Calatheas are not
subject to insects if properly supplied with water while growing, and
a sufficiently moist atmosphere is at all times maintained; but, if
either of these are lacking, red spider soon put in an appearance, and
quickly disfigure the leaves.
=C. applicata= (inclined). _fl._ white. Brazil, 1875. SYN. _Maranta
pinnato-picta_. (B. H. 1875, 18.)
=C. arrecta= (erect).* _l._ rich satin-green on the upper side, and
heavy ruby colour on the under side. Ecuador, 1872. A fine species,
with a very elegant growth. (I. H. 1871, 77.)
=C. Bachemiana= (Bachem's). _l._ silvery, with green lines and
blotches. Brazil, 1875.
=C. Baraquinii= (Baraquin's).* _l._ ovate-lanceolate; ground
colour bright green, relieved by beautiful bands of silvery white.
Amazons, 1868.
=C. bella= (handsome).* _l._ greyish-green, with the margins and
two series of central patches deep green. Brazil, 1875. SYN.
_Maranta tessellata Kegeljani_.
=C. crocata= (saffron-coloured). _fl._ orange. Brazil, 1875.
=C. eximia= (choice). 1857. SYN. _Phrynium eximium_. (R. G. 686.)
=C. fasciata= (banded).* _l._ 8in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 8in.
wide, broadly cordate; ground colour bright green, with broad bands
of white running across from midrib to the margin; the under side
pale green, tinged with purple. _h._ 1ft. Brazil, 1859. (R. G. 255.)
=C. hieroglyphica= (hieroglyphic). _l._ broadly obovate, obtuse;
ground colour rich dark velvety green, which, towards the midrib,
shades off into light emerald green; primary veins oblique, and
the spaces between them ornamented with irregular streaks and bars
of silvery white; under surface of a uniform dark vinous purple.
Columbia, 1873. Dwarf and distinct. (I. H. 1873, 122.)
=C. illustris= (bright).* _l._ somewhat obovate; upper surface of a
bright pea-green, streaked with transverse bands of a deeper green;
midrib pink, with two irregular blotches of white traversing the
leaves from base to point, midway between the margin and costa;
under surface deep purple. Ecuador, 1866.
=C. Kerchoviana= (Kerchove's).* _l._ cordate, oblong, obtuse,
shortly and abruptly acuminate, greyish-green, with a row of
purplish blotches on each side of the midrib. _h._ 6in. Brazil,
1879. SYN. _Maranta leuconeura Kerchoviana_.
=C. Legrelliana= (Le Grell's). _l._ very dark green, relieved by
a feathery band of white, extending the whole length between the
midrib and margin. Ecuador, 1867.
=C. Leitzei= (Leitze's). _l._ oblong-lanceolate, deep metallic
green, and shining on the upper surface, with feather-like markings
of deeper colour, purplish-violet beneath. Brazil, 1875. (R. G.
935.)
=C. leopardina= (leopard).* _l._ oblong, pale or yellowish-green,
marked on each side of the costa with several oblong acuminate
blotches of deep green. _h._ 2ft. Brazil, 1875. (R. G. 893.)
=C. leuconeura= (white-nerved). A synonym of _Maranta leuconeura_.
=C. leucostachys= (white-spiked). _h._ 1ft. A fine species, allied
to _C. Warscewiczii_. Costa Rica, 1874. (B. M. 6205.)
=C. Lindeni= (Linden's).* _l._ oblong, 6in. to 12in. long, deep
green, with blotches of yellowish-green on each side of the midrib;
under surface purplish-rose, through which the markings of the
upper side are visible. Peru, 1866. Very handsome and free-growing.
(I. H. 1871, 82.)
=C. Luciani= (Lucian's). _l._ shining green, the midrib festooned
with silvery white. Tropical America, 1872.
=C. Makoyana= (Makoy's).* _l._ oblong, somewhat unequal-sided,
6in. to 8in. long, upwards of 4in. broad; outer margin deep green,
the central portion semi-transparent, beautifully blotched with
creamy-yellow and white; the central part is also ornamented
between the transverse veins with oblong blotches of deep green;
petioles slender, purplish-red. Tropical America, 1872. SYN. _C.
olivaris_. (G. C. 1872, p. 1589.)
=C. Massangeana= (Massange's).* _l._ beautifully covered with rich
marking, presenting a somewhat similar appearance to the wings of
certain butterflies. The outer portion is olive-green; the middle,
on both sides of the costa, of a delicate silvery-grey colour, from
which the whitish side veins run out in a well-defined and regular
manner; the portion of the leaf surrounding the silvery centre is
ornamented with large blotches of dark velvety purplish-maroon,
occasionally shaded with brownish-crimson; the whole of the leaf
being marked with silky and sparkling reflections. Brazil, 1875.
It is of neat habit, growing in close tufts, its ample foliage
covering the ground.