GENERAL.
Offerings of cocoanuts, fowls or goats are annually made to the
spirits that guard the fields. They are generally made at the time
of beginning a plantation or the harvesting of a crop. When making
these offerings, the farmers pray to the god to give prosperous crops
every year. They prepare their cooked food in the field on the first
harvesting day and offer it as naivedya (god's meal) along with the
above mentioned offerings. [794]
At Bándivade in the Ratnágiri District, while commencing the sowing
of crops the farmers worship a certain number of bullocks made of
rice flour and then throw them into the pond or river adjoining the
fields. On other occasions, offerings of cocoanuts and fowls are
sacrificed to the deities that protect the fields. Some people give
a feast to the Bráhmans at the end of the harvesting season. [795]
Ceremonies in connection with ploughing, etc., are not observed for
all the lands. But fields which are supposed to be haunted by evil
spirits are worshipped at the time of ploughing, and the evil spirits
are propitiated, cocoanuts, sugar, fowls or goats are offered to the
local deities or devachárs. There is a custom of worshipping in the
fields the heaps of new corn at the time of harvest, and this custom
generally prevails in almost all the Konkan districts. [796]
At Fonda in the Ratnágiri District the Shiwar generally composed of
boiled rice mixed with curds is kept at the corner of a field at the
time of reaping the crops. The Shiwar is sometimes composed of the
offerings of fowls and goats. [797] This ritual is also known by the
name Chorawa. [798]
At Dásgáv in the Kolába District, there is a custom of carrying one
onion in the corn taken to the fields for sowing and placing five
handfuls of corn on a piece of cloth before beginning to sow the
corn. At the time of Láwani or plantation of crops a fair called
Palejatra is held by the people, and every farmer breaks a cocoanut
in the field at the time of plantation or lávani of crops. At the
time of harvesting it is customary with many of the cultivators in
the Konkan to place a cocoanut in the field and to thrash it by the
first bundle of crop several times before the regular operation of
thrashing is begun. At the close of the harvest the peasants offer
cocoanuts, fowls or a goat to the guardian deity of the field. [799]
At Váda in the Thána District the ploughs are worshipped by the
farmers on Saturday and then carried to the fields for ploughing. At
the time of harvesting, the wooden post to which the bullocks are
tied is worshipped by them and at the close of the harvest the heap
of new corn is worshipped and cocoanuts are broken over it. [800]
In the Kolhápur District the farmers worship the plough before
beginning to plough the land. At the time of sowing the corn they
worship the Kuri an implement for sowing corn. At the time of Ropani
or transplanting the crops they split a cocoanut, and worship the
stone consecrated by the side of the field after besmearing it with
red powders, and make a vow of sacrificing a goat for the prosperity
of their crops. At the time of harvesting they also worship the heap
of new corn and after giving to the deity offerings of cocoanuts,
fowls or goats they carry the corn to their houses. [801]
In the Konkan districts the village deity is invoked to protect
the cattle. People offer fowls and cocoanuts in the annual fair of a
village deity, and request her to protect their cattle and crops. They
have to offer a goat or buffalo to the deity every third year, and
to hold annual fairs in her honour. The procession of bali is one of
the measures adopted for averting cattle diseases. [802]
When there was scarcity of rain the Hindus formerly invoked Indra, the
god of rain, by means of Yadnyas or sacrifices, but such sacrifices
are now rarely performed as they are very costly. The general method
of ensuring rainfall in these days is to drown the Lingam of the god
Shiva in water and to offer prayers to that deity. [803]
The following rural rites are intended to ensure sunshine and to check
excessive rain. A man born in the month of Fálgun (March) is requested
to collect rain water in the leaf of the Alu plant, and the leaf is
then tied to a stick and kept on the roof of a house. Burning coals
are also thrown into rainwater after passing them between the legs
of a person born in the month of Fálgun. [804]
In order to protect the crops from wild pig the people of Umbergáon
in the Thána District post in their fields twigs of Ayan tree on
the Ganesh Chaturthi (fourth day of the bright half of Bhádrapada or
September) day every year. [805]
In the Kolhápur District the deities Tamjái, Tungái, and Wághái are
invoked by the villagers for the protection of cattle. When the cattle
disease has disappeared the people offer cocoanuts and other offerings
to these deities. The potters and the Chudbude Joshis observe the
following ceremony for causing rainfall. A lingam or phallus of Shiva
made of mud is consecrated on a wooden board or pát, and a naked boy
is asked to hold it over his head. The boy carries it from house to
house and the inmates of the houses pour water over the phallus. The
Bráhmans and the high class Hindus pour water on the lingam at the
temple of the god Shiva continuously for several days. This is called
Rudrábhisheka. It is a religious rite in which eleven Bráhmans are
seated in a temple to repeat the prayers of the god Shiva.
In order to scare noxious animals or insects from the fields, the
owners of the fields throw charmed rice round the boundaries of
their fields. The figure of a tiger made of dry leaves of sugarcane
is posted at a conspicuous place in the fields for protecting the
crops of sugarcane. [806]
Great secrecy is required to be observed on the occasion of the
special puja of Shiva which is performed on the first day of the
bright half of the month of Bhádrapada (September). This rite is
called Maunya vrata or silent worship, and should be performed only
by the male members of the family. On this day all the members of
the family have to remain silent while taking their meals. Women do
not speak while cooking, as the food which is to be offered to the
god must be cooked in silence. [807]
Newly married girls have to perform the worship of Mangala Gauri
successively for the first five years on every Tuesday in the month
of Shráwan (August), and it is enjoined that they should not speak
while taking their meals on that day. Some people do not speak while
taking their meals on every Monday of Shráwan, and others make a vow
of observing silence and secrecy at their meals every day. All Bráhmans
have to remain silent when going to the closet and making water. [808]
Certain persons observe silence at their meals during the period of
four months (Cháturmás) commencing from the 11th day of the bright
half of Ashádha (July) to the 11th day of the bright half of Kártik
(November). Certain classes of Hindus observe the penance of secrecy
in the additional month that occurs at the lapse of every third
year. [809]
Silence is essential at the time of performing certain austerities
such as Sandhya, worshipping the gods, and the repetition of the
Brahma Gáyatri mantra and other such mantras. Secrecy is specially
observed when a disciple is initiated by his Guru or spiritual guide
with the sacred mantras or incantations. [810]
Secrecy and silence are essential when learning the mantras on
snakebite, on evil eye and the evil spirit of Vetál. All followers of
the Shákta sect must worship the goddess (Durga) very secretly. Silence
is also observed by people in welcoming to their homes and worshipping
the goddess Párvati or Gauri in the bright half of Bhádrapada every
year. [811]
At Váde in the Thána District, one day previous to the planting of
rice crops the farmer has to go to his field even before day break
with five balls of boiled rice, cocoanuts and other things. There
he worships the guardian deity of the field and buries the balls of
rice underground. He has to do it secretly and has to remain silent
during the whole period. He is also forbidden to look behind while
going to the field for the purpose. [812]
Secrecy and silence are observed when performing the rites of
Chetuks and evil spirits or ghosts. Widow remarriages among the lower
classes are performed secretly. The pair wishing to be remarried is
accompanied by a Bráhman priest and the marriage is performed apart
from the house. The priest applies red lead (Kunku) to the forehead
of the bride and throws grains of rice over their heads and a stone
mortar or páta is touched to the backbone of the bride. The priest
then turns his face and walks away silently. [813]
The Holi is a religious festival. It is annually celebrated in
memory of the death of Kámdev the God of Love who was destroyed by
the god Shankar on the full moon day of Fálgun (March). The object of
this festival appears to have been a desire to abstain from lust by
burning in the Holi fire all vicious thoughts and desires. As a rule,
females do not take any part in this festival.
In the Konkan districts the annual festival of Holi begins from
the fifth day of the bright half of Fálgun (March). Boys from all
the localities of a village assemble at a place appointed for the
Holi. The place appointed for kindling the Holi is not generally
changed. The boys then go from house to house asking for firewood,
and bring it to the Holi spot. They arrange the firewood and other
combustible articles around the branch of a mango, betelnut or a
Sáwar tree in the pit dug out for the purpose and then set it on
fire. After kindling the sacred fire they take five turns round the
Holi accompanied with the beating of drums and raise loud cries of
obscene words. After this they play the Indian games of Atyápátya and
Khokho and occasionally rob the neighbouring people of their firewood
and other combustible articles. At the close of these games they daub
their foreheads with sacred ashes gathered from the Holi fire. They
consider these ashes especially auspicious and carry them home for the
use of the other members of their families. This process is continued
every night till the close of the fullmoon day. Elderly persons take
part in this festival only during the last few days.
On the fullmoon day all the males of the village, including old men,
start after sunset for the Holi spot, collecting on their way pieces
of firewood from all the houses in the locality and arrange them
in the manner described above. After having arranged the Holi, the
officiating priest recites sacred verses and the puja is performed by
the mánkari of the village. This mánkari or pátil is either the headman
or some other leading person of the village and to him belongs the
right of kindling the Holi fire first. Some persons kindle a small
Holi in front of their houses and worship it individually, but they
can take part in the public Holi. In the towns the Holis of different
localities are kindled separately while in small villages there is
only one for every village.
At Vijaydurg in the Ratnágiri District a hen is tied to the top of
a tree or a bamboo placed in the pit dug out for kindling the Holi
fire. The fowl tied to the top of the bamboo is called Shit. A small
quantity of dry grass is first burnt at the bottom of this tree
when the Mahárs beat their drums. The Shit (fowl) is then removed
from the tree after it is half burnt and taken by the Mahárs. The
Holi fire is then worshipped and kindled by the Gurav. Worshipping
and kindling the Holi and taking the Shit (fowl) are considered as
high honours. Occasionally quarrels and differences arise over this
privilege and they are decided by the village Panch. [814]
After the kindling of the Holi the people assembled there offer to
the Holi a Naivedya (god's meal) of poli--a sweet cake made of Jagri,
wheat flour and gram pulse. Cocoanuts from all the houses in the
village are thrown into this sacred fire. Some of these cocoanuts
are afterwards taken out of the sacred fire, cut into pieces, mixed
with sugar and are distributed among the people assembled as prasád or
favoured gift. Lower classes of Hindus offer a live goat to the Holi,
take it out when it is half burnt and feast thereon.
On the night of the fullmoon day and the first day of the dark half
of Fálgun, the people assembled at the Holi fire wander about the
village, enter gardens and steal plantains, cocoanuts and other
garden produce. Robbery of such things committed during these days
is considered to be pardonable. Some people take advantage of this
opportunity for taking revenge on their enemies in this respect.
The fire kindled at the Holi on the fullmoon day is kept constantly
burning till the Rangpanchami day i.e., fifth day of the dark half of
Fálgun. Next morning i.e., on the first day of the dark half of Fálgun,
the people boil water over that fire and use it for the purpose of
bathing. It is believed that water boiled on the sacred fire has
the power of dispelling all the diseases from the body. People go on
dancing in the village and sing songs for the next five days. They
generally sing Lávanis, a kind of ballad, during this festival. Among
these dancers a boy is dressed like a girl and is called Rádha. This
Rádha has to dance at every house while the others repeat Lávanis.
The second day of the dark half of Fálgun is called Dhulvad or dust
day when people start in procession through the village, and compel
the males of every house to join the party. They thus go to the Holi
fire and raise loud cries of obscene words throwing mud and ashes
upon each other. They afterwards go to the river or a pond to take
their bath at noon time and then return to their houses. The third
day of the dark half is also spent like the previous one with a slight
difference which is that cow dung is used instead of mud. This day is
called Shenwad day. On the fourth day the Dhunda Rákshahasin (a demon
goddess) is worshipped by the people, and the day is spent in making
merry and singing obscene songs called Lávanis. The fifth day of the
dark half is known as Rangpanchami day and is observed by the people
in throwing coloured water upon each other. Water in which Kusumba and
other colours are mixed is carried in large quantity on bullock carts
through the streets of a city and sprinkled on the people passing
through these streets. On this day the sacred fire of the Holi is
extinguished by throwing coloured water over it. This water is also
thrown upon the persons assembled at the Holi. The money collected
as post during this period is utilised in feasting and drinking.
At Ibrámpur in the Ratnágiri District the image of cupid is seated
in a palanquin and carried with music from the temple to the Holi
ground. The palanquin is then placed on a certain spot. The place
for thus depositing the image of the god is called Sáhán. [815] At
Náringre there is a big stone called Holdev which is worshipped by the
people before kindling the Holi fire. [816] After the kindling of the
sacred fire the palanquin is lifted from the Sáhán, and turned round
the Holi fire with great rejoicings. The palanquin is then carried
through the village and is first taken to the house of a Mánkari,
and then from house to house during the next five days. The inmates
of the houses worship the deity in the palanquin and offer cocoanuts
and other fruits and make certain vows. The palanquin is taken back
to the temple on the fifth day of the dark half of Fálgun when on its
way gulál or red powder is thrown over the image and on the people
who accompany it. [817]
Among high class Hindus the thread girding ceremony of a boy is
performed when he attains puberty. The girls are generally married at
an early age, and when a girl attains puberty, sugar is distributed
among the friends and relatives of her husband. She is then seated
in a Makhar--a gaily dressed frame. Dishes of sweets which are
brought by the girl's parents and the relatives of her husband are
given to her for the first three days. She takes her bath on the
fourth day accompanied by the playing of music and the beating of
drums. Sweetmeats in dishes are brought by the relatives till the day
of Rutushanti (the first bridal night). The Garbhádán or Rutushánti
ceremony is one of the sixteen ceremonies that are required to be
performed during the life of every Hindu. This ceremony is performed
within the first sixteen days from the girl's attaining her puberty,
the 4th, 7th, 9th, 11th and the 13th being considered inauspicious for
this purpose. While performing this ceremony the following three rites
are required to be observed. They are Ganpatipujan or the worship of
the god Ganpati, Punhyáhavachan or the special ceremony for invoking
divine blessings and Navagrahashánti the ceremony for propitiating
the nine planets. The ritual of this ceremony is as follows:--
The husband and the wife are seated side by side on wooden boards
to perform the above three rites. The Kadali pujan or plantain
tree worship is performed by the pair. The sacred fire or Homa
is required to be kindled. The juice of the Durwa grass is then
poured into the right nostril of the bride by her husband. This is
intended to expel all diseases from the body of the girl and to secure
safe conception. They are then seated in a Makhar, and presents of
clothes, ornaments etc., are made by the parents of the girl and
other relatives. After this the husband fills the lap of the girl
with rice, a cocoanut, five betelnuts, five dry dates, five almonds,
five plantains and five pieces of turmeric. The girl is then carried
to a temple accompanied by the playing of music. A grand feast is
given to the friends and relatives at the close of this ceremony.
The Hindus generally make various kinds of vows in order to procure
offspring or with some other such object, and fulfil them when they
succeed in getting their desire. The following are the different
kinds of vows made. They offer cocoanuts, sugar, plantains and
other fruits, costly new dresses and ornaments to the deities,
and give feasts to Bráhmans. Special ceremonies called Laghurudra
and Mahárudra in honour of Shiva the god of destruction are also
performed. Sweetmeats such as pedhas etc. are offered to the gods
in fulfilment of vows. Some people make vows to observe fasts,
to feed Bráhmans, and to distribute coins and clothes to the poor;
while others hang torana-wreaths of flowers and mango leaves--on the
entrance of the temple, and hoist flags over it. Rich people erect new
temples to different Hindu deities. Some observe fasts to propitiate
the goddess Chandika and worship her during Navarátra the first nine
days of the bright half of Ashvin (October) and others offer fowls
and goats to their favourite deities. Women make it a vow to walk
round the Audumbar or Pipal tree, and to distribute cocoanuts, sugar,
jagri, copper or silver equal to the weight of their children.
Vows are made by people with the object of securing health, wealth
and children and other desired objects such as education etc. They
are as follows:--
Performing the worship of Shri Satya Náráyan, offering clothes and
ornaments to the temple deities, hanging bells, constructing a foot
path or steps leading to the temple of the special deity. [818]
Vows are also made to obtain freedom from disease or such other
calamities. When any person in the family becomes ill or when a
sudden calamity befalls a family an elderly member of the family
goes to the temple of a deity and makes certain vows according to
his means, fulfilling them as soon as the calamity or disease has
disappeared. [819]
Vows are usually to perform acts of benevolence. These consist
in distributing cocoanut mixed in sugar, giving feasts to Bráhman
priests, observing fasts on Saturday, Tuesday and Sunday, offering
clothes and ornaments to deities, building new temples and guest houses
(dharmshálás), digging out new wells and in distributing clothes and
food to the poor. [820]
At Khopoli in the Kolába District, people who have no children or
whose children die shortly after birth make a vow to the Satwái deity
whose temple is at a short distance from Khopoli. The vow is generally
to bring the child to the darshana (sight) of the deity and to feed
five or more (married) Bráhman pairs. Such vows are fulfilled after
the birth of a child. Some worship the god Satya Náráyan on a grand
scale and others propitiate the god Shiva by the ceremony of Abhisheka
(water sprinkling). [821] Some offer nails made of gold or silver
to the goddess Shitala after the recovery of a child suffering from
small pox. Eyes and other parts of the body made of gold and silver
are also occasionally offered in fulfilment of vows. People abstain
from eating certain things till the vows are fulfilled. [822]
Vows are made in times of difficulties and sorrow. The person afflicted
with sorrow or misfortune prays to his favourite deity and promises to
offer particular things or to perform special ceremonies, and fulfils
his vows when his desired objects are attained. The ceremonies commonly
observed for these purposes are the special pujás of Satya Náráyan
and Satya Vináyak. Native Christians make their vows to their saints
and Mot-Mávali (Mother Mary) in the taluka of Salsette. [823]
There is a shrine of the god Shankar at Kanakeshwar a village on the
sea side two miles from Mithbáv in the Ratnágiri District. Many years
ago it so happened that a rich Mahomedan merchant was carrying his
merchandise in a ship. The ship foundered in a storm at a distance of
about two or three miles from Kanakeshwar. When the vessel, seemed
to be on the point of sinking the merchant despairing of his life
and goods, made a vow to erect a nice temple for the Hindu shrine of
Kanakeshwar if he, his vessel and its cargo were saved. By the grace
of God the vessel weathered the storm and he arrived safely in his
country with the merchandise. In fulfilment of this vow he erected
a good temple over the shrine of Shri Shankar at Kanakeshwar, which
cost him about rupees six thousand. This temple is in good condition
to the present day. Many such vows are made to special deities. When
the people get their desired objects they attribute the success to
the favour of the deity invoked, but when their expectations are not
fulfilled they blame their fate and not the deity. [824]
In the Konkan districts there are some persons who practise black art
of several kinds such as Chetak, Járan, Máran and Uchátan. Chetak is a
kind of evil spirit brought from the temple of the goddess Italái of
the Konkan districts. It is brought for a fixed or limited period,
and an annual tribute is required to be paid to the goddess for
the services.
Another kind of black art widely practised in the Konkan districts is
known by the name of Muth márane. In this art the sorcerer prepares
an image of wheat flour, and worships it with flowers, incense,
etc. A lemon pierced with a number of pins is then placed before the
image. The sorcerer begins to pour spoonfuls of water mixed with Jagri
on the face of the image, and repeats certain mantras. Meanwhile, the
lemon gradually disappears and goes to the person whose death it is
intended to secure. The person aimed at receives a heavy blow in the
chest and at once falls to the ground vomitting blood. Sometimes he is
known to expire instantaneously. The charmed lemon, after completing
its task returns to the sorcerer, who anxiously awaits its return,
for it is believed that if the lemon fails to return some calamity
or misfortune is sure to occur to him. For this reason the beginner
desiring to be initiated into the mystery of this black art has to
make the first trial of his mantras on a tree or a fowl.
Females are also initiated into the mysteries of Jádu or black
art. Such women are required to go to the burning ground at midnight
in a naked state, holding in their hands hearths containing burning
coals. While on their way they untie their hair, and then begin the
recital of their mantras. There they dig out the bones of buried
corpses, bring them home, and preserve them for practising black art.
There is a sect of Hindus known as Sháktas who practise the black
art. The Sháktas worship their goddess at night, make offerings of
wine and flesh, and then feast thereon.
APPENDIX.
GLOSSARY OF VERNACULAR TERMS OCCURRING IN VOLUMES I AND II. [825]
A.
ABIL: A kind of incense.
ABIR: White scented powder.
ADÁCHH: Red cotton yarn.
ADÁD: Lentils.
ADAGHO BADAGHO: A ceremony performed to drive away insects.
ADHÁSUR: Name of a demon.
ADHIKAMÁS: Intercalary month.
ADI-NÁRÁYAN: A name of Vishnu.
ADO: Useless.
ADULSA: Name of a medicinal plant.
AGÁR: Excreta.
AGASTYA: Name of a sage; name of a constellation.
AGATHI: A tree, Sesbania Grandiflora.
AGATHIO: See Agathi.
AGHÁDA: Name of a plant.
AGHORI: A sect of Hindus.
AGIÁRI: Fire temple of the Pársis.
AGNI: Fire; the deity presiding over fire.
AGNICHAR: An order of evil spirits living in fire.
AGNIHOTRA: A perpetual sacred fire preserved in a hole in the ground
for receiving and preserving consecrated fire.
AGNIHOTRI: One who keeps an Agnihotra.
AGNIKUNDA: A hole in the ground, or an enclosed space, on the surface,
or a metal square-mouthed vessel, for receiving and preserving
consecrated fire.
AGNI-SANSKÁR: The rite of setting fire to a corpse.
AGRI: Name of a caste or an individual of it.
AHALYA: The wife of the sage Gautam.
AHEVA NAVAMI: The ninth day of the dark half of Bhádrapad.
AHI: Name of a demon.
AHIR: A caste of shepherds.
AHUTI: A handful of rice, ghi, sesamum, etc., cast into fire, water,
upon the ground etc., as an offering to the deities.
AIRÁVAT: Name of the elephant of Indra; the elephant presiding over
the east.
AJA: A goat.
AJAMO: Lingusticum ajwaen.
AKÁSH: The sky.
AKÁSH-GANGA: The milky way.
AKHAND SAUBHÁGYA: Perpetual unwidowhood.
AKIK: A kind of stone.
AKHÁ TRIJ: The third day of the bright half of Vaishákh.
AKSHAYA TRITIYA: See Akhá Trij.
ALAWÁNA: A sort of shawl.
ALWANT: A spirit of a woman dying in childbirth or during menses.
ALU: An esculent vegetable.
ALUNDA: Name of a vow.
AMANI: A kind of tree.
AMAR: Immortal.
AMATHO: Useless.
AMATHO MÁMO: An order of ghosts.
AMÁVÁSYA: The last day of a month.
AMBA: Name of a goddess.
AMBIL: Conjee.
AMBO: Mango.
AMNÁYESHWAR: A name of the god Mahádev.
ANAGH: Name of a vow.
ANAGODHA: See Anagh.
ANANT CHATURDASHI: The fourteenth day of the dark half of Bhádrapad
sacred to Vishnu.
ANDHÁRIO: An order of ghosts.
ANGIRAS: Name of a sage.
ANJALI: Palmful.
ANJAN: Soot used as collyrium.
ANJANI: Mother of Máruti.
ÁNJANI: A sore or mole on the eye-lid.
ANKADA: Name of a poisonous plant.
ANNADEVA: The god presiding over food.
ANNAKUTA: The eighth or tenth day of the bright half of Ashvin or
the second day of the bright half of Kártik when sweets are offered
to gods.
ANNAPURNA: The goddess presiding over food.
ANTARAL: Name of a deity.
ANTARAPAT: The piece of cloth which is held between the bride and
bridegroom at the time of a Hindu wedding.
ANTYESHTI: Funeral rites.
ANURÁDHA: Name of a constellation.
ANUSHTHÁN: Performance of certain ceremonies and works in propitiation
of a god.
APASMÁR: Epilepsy.
APSARA: Certain female divinities who reside in the sky and are the
wives of the Gandharvas. They are sometimes represented as the common
women of the gods.
APTA: Name of a tree.
ARANI: Elaeodendron glaucum.
ARATI: The ceremony of waving (around an idol, a guru, etc.,) a
platter containing a burning lamp.
ARDHODAYA: Half-risen state of a heavenly body.
ARDRA: Name of a constellation.
ARGHYA: A respectful offering to a god or a venerable person consisting
of various ingredients or of water only.
ARJUNA: The third of the five Pándava brothers.
ARUNDHATI: Wife of Vasishtha; name of a star.
ASARA: A water nymph.
ASAN: A prayer carpet.
ASHÁDH: The fourth month of the Deccani Hindu and the ninth month of
the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
ASHÁPURI: Name of a goddess.
ASHLESHA: Name of a constellation.
ASHO: A corrupted form of Ashvin.
ASHAPATI: Name of a mythological king.
ASHTABHÁRO: An order of ghosts.
ASHTADALA: Eight-cornered.
ASHTA-DIK-PÁLA: Protectors of the eight different directions.
ASHTAKA: A hymn consisting of eight verses.
ASHTAMAHÁDÁN: A gift consisting of eight kinds of articles.
ASHTÁVASU: A class of divine beings eight in number.
ASHVIN: The seventh month of the Deccani Hindu and the twelfth month
of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
ASHVINI: Name of a constellation.
ASHVINI KUMÁR: The twin sons of the sun by his wife Sanjnya in the
form of a mare. They are famous as heavenly physicians.
ASHWAMEDHA: Horse sacrifice.
ASHWATTHÁMA: The only son of Drona, the military preceptor of the
Kauravas and Pándavas.
ASMÁNI: An order of ghosts.
ASO: A corrupted form of Ashvin.
ASOPALAVA: Name of a tree.
ASUR GATI: The path of the demons.
ATIT: A class of religious beggars.
ATLAS: A kind of cloth.
ATRI: Name of a sage.
ATYÁPÁTYA: Name of an out-door game played in the Deccan.
AVAD-MÁTA: Name of a goddess.
AVAGAT: An order of ghosts.
AVAGATI: Fallen condition.
AVALIA: A Muhammadan saint.
AVALA: Name of a tree.
AVATÁR: An incarnation of Vishnu.
AVI: An order of ghosts.
AVLI: Name of a tree.
AWDUMBAR: A tree, Ficus glomerata.
AWUTA: Wood bill.
AYAN: Name of a tree.
B.
BÁBARO: An order of ghosts.
BÁBHUL: Acacia arabica.
BÁBRIO: See Bábaro.
BÁBRO: See Bábaro.
BABRUVÁHAN: Name of a demon; a son of Arjuna.
BÁBUL: Acacia arabica.
BÁDHA: Impending evil.
BÁGHADA: Name of an evil spirit.
BÁGULBÁWA: Name of a goblin.
BAHIRI: Name of a goddess.
BAHIRI-SOMJAI: Name of a goddess.
BAHIROBA: Name of a minor deity.
BAHIROBÁCHE BHUT: An order of ghosts.
BÁJA: Dish.
BÁJALE: A wooden cot.
BÁJAT: A wooden stool.
BAJÁNIA: A cast of tumblers or an individual of it.
BAKA: Name of a demon; name of a sage.
BÁKLA: A small round flat cake of dry boiled beans.
BÁKLÁN: See Bákla.
BAKOR: Noise.
BÁLÁ TERASH: The 13th day of the dark half of Bhádrapad.
BALAD: An ox.
BALADI: An order of ghosts.
BALDEV: Name of the brother of Krishna, the eighth incarnation
of Vishnu.
BALEV: The full moon day of Shrávana.
BALEVA: See Balev.
BALEVIÁN: A kind of worship.
BALI: Name of a mighty demon, the lord of the nether world or pátál;
an oblation; a victim offered to any deity; name of a procession.
BALIDÁN: Offering of a victim.
BALLA: An order of ghosts.
BÁNÁSUR: Name of a demon.
BANDHÁI-JAVAN: Name of a cattle disease.
BANIA: A trader.
BÁPA: Name of a guardian spirit of fields.
BÁPDEV: See Bápa.
BARANESHWAR MAHÁDEV: A name of Mahádev.
BÁRAS: The twelfth day of the bright or dark half of a month.
BÁRVATIA: An outlaw.
BATÁSA: A kind of sweetmeat.
BATRISA: A man possessed of thirty-two accomplishments.
BATUK: Name of a minor deity.
BÁU: A word used to frighten children; a goblin.
BÁVA: A term of respectful compellation or mention for an ascetic or
religious teacher.
BÁVAL: See Bábul.
BÁVO: See Báva.
BAYA: Name of a deity presiding over small-pox.
BÁWAN VIR: Name of a minor deity.
BECHRA MÁTA: Name of a goddess.
BEDA: Name of a tree.
BEL: Aegle Marmelos.
BEL-BHANDÁR: Leaves of the Aegle Marmelos and the turmeric powder
that are kept on an idol.
BER: Jujube tree.
BERO: Deaf.
BETHI: An order of ghosts.
BHÁBHO: Worthless.
BHÁDARWA: See Bhádrapad.
BHÁDRAPAD: The sixth month of the Deccani Hindu and the eleventh
month of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
BHAGAT: An exorcist.
BHAGIRATH: Name of an ancient king of the solar dynasty who is said
to have brought down the Ganges from heaven to the earth.
BHÁGVAT: Name of one of the eighteen puránas.
BHAGVATI: Name of a goddess.
BHAGWÁN: An epithet of Vishnu; of Shiva.
BHAGWATI: See Bhagvati.
BHAIRAV: A name of an inferior manifestation of Shiva.
BHAJAN: Repeating the name of a god as an act of worship; hymns or
pieces or verses sung to a god.
BHAKTIMÁRGA: Path of devotion.
BHÁLU: An old female jackal.
BHANDÁRI: A caste of Hindus.
BHÁNG: Hemp water.
BHANGI: A scavenger; name of the caste of scavengers.
BHANGRA: A kind of tree.
BHARANAI: Name of a goddess.
BHARANI: Name of a constellation.
BHÁRANI: The process of charming.
BHARATA: Name of a brother of Ráma the seventh incarnation of Vishnu.
BHARVÁD: A caste of shepherds.
BHÁSIKA: An order of ghosts.
BHASMA: Holy ashes.
BHASMÁSUR: Name of a demon.
BHÁUBIJ: The second day of the bright half of Kártik.
BHAVÁI: Name of a stone deity.
BHÁVAKÁI: Name of a goddess.
BHAVÁNI: A name of the goddess Párvati.
BHÁVIN: A caste of female temple servants who are prostitutes by
profession.
BHAWÁNI: See Bhaváni.
BHENSA: A he-buffalo.
BHENSÁSUR: A demon in the form of a he-buffalo.
BHIKHÁRI: A beggar.
BHIKHO: A beggar.
BHIL: A partly Hindu, partly animistic tribe.
BHIMA: The second of the five Pándava brothers.
BHIMA-AGIÁRAS: The eleventh day of the bright half of Jyeshtha.
BHIMASENA: See Bhima.
BHIMNÁTH MAHÁDEV: A name of Shiva.
BHIMNÁTH SHANKAR: A name of Shiva.
BHISHMA: Son of Shántanu and the river Ganges and grand-uncle of the
Pándavas and Kauravas.
BHOGAVA: Village boundary.
BHOI: A caste of fishermen and palanquin-bearers.
BHOJAPATRA: A palm-leaf.
BHOLÁNÁTH: A name of Shiva.
BHONG RINGDI: Name of a poisonous plant.
BHOPALA: Gourd.
BHOPI: The person that officiates in the temples of village deities.
BHUCHAR: An order of ghosts hovering over the earth.
BHUNGA: A black bee.
BHUSHUNDAKÁK: Name of a sage.
BHUT: An evil spirit.
BHUTA: See Bhut.
BHUTA-DEVATA: A ghostly godling.
BHUTÁLI: A woman who can influence evil spirits to do harm to others.
BHUTE: Plural of Bhutya: See Bhutya.
BHUTIN: A female member of an order of devotees of the goddess Bhaváni.
BHUTNÁTH: Name of an evil spirit.
BHUTYA: A male member of an order of devotees of the goddess Bhaváni.
BHUVA: A male exorcist.
BHUVI: A female exorcist.
BIBHISHANA: Brother of Rávana, the demon king of Lanka or Ceylon.
BIJ: The second day of the bright or dark half of a month.
BIJAVRIKSHANYÁYA: The maxim of seed and shoot. The maxim takes its
origin from the mutual relation of causation that exists between seed
and shoot, and is applied to cases in which two objects stand to each
other in the relation of both cause and effect.
BILÁDO: A cat.
BILI: See Bel.
BINDU: A drop.
BOCHO: A coward.
BODAN: A ceremony in which curds, milk, boiled rice, fried cakes,
etc., are mixed up together and presented in oblation to the goddess
Mahálakshmi by a company of at least five married women and one virgin.
BODO: Bald-headed.
BOL CHOTH: The fourth day of the dark half of Shrávan.
BORÁDI: The Jujube tree.
BOTERUN: A complete cessation of rain for seventy-two days.
BOWÁJI: See Báva.
BOW: See Báu.
BRAHMA GRAHA: Ghost of a Bráhman.
BRAHMA: The first god of the Hindu Trinity.
BRAHMABHOJ: A feast to Bráhmans.
BRAHMACHARYA: Celibacy.
BRAHMACHÁRI: One who has taken a vow to lead a celibate life.
BRAHMAHATYA: The murder of a Bráhman.
BRÁHMAN: The sacerdotal caste of Hindus or an individual of it.
BRÁHMANA-VARUNA: The appointment of duly authorised Bráhmans to
perform religious ceremonies.
BRAHMARANDHRA: The aperture supposed to be at the crown of the head,
through which the soul takes its flight on death.
BRAHMA RÁKSHASA: See Brahma Sambandh.
BRAHMA SAMBANDH: The ghost of a Bráhman that in his life time possessed
high attainments, and a haughty spirit.
BRIHASPATI: Name of the preceptor of the gods.
BRUHANNADA: The name assumed by Arjuna when residing at the palace
of Viráta.
BUDHA: Mercury.
BUDDHI: Name of a wife of Ganpati.
C.
CENDUR: Red lead.
CHÁDA: Rent.
CHAITANNADYA: An order of ghosts.
CHAITRA: The first month of the Deccani Hindu and the sixth month of
the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
CHAKLI: A sparrow.
CHÁK PADANE: Appearance of red pustules on the face supposed to be
caused by the influence of an evil eye.
CHAKORA: A bird, Bartavelle Partridge.
CHÁLA: Name of a deity.
CHÁLEGHAT: An order of ghosts.
CHAMÁR: A caste of tanners.
CHAMPA: Michelia champaca.
CHAMPÁ-SHASHTI: The sixth day of the bright half of Márgashirsha.
CHAMPÁVATI: Name of a goddess.
CHANA: Gram.
CHANDA: Name of a kind of wind.
CHAND CHANI: An order of ghosts.
CHANDAN: Sandal wood.
CHANDIKA: Name of a goddess.
CHANDI KAVACH: A hymn in honour of the goddess Chandi or Durga.
CHANDIPÁTH: Recitation of a hymn in honour of the goddess Chandi
or Durga.
CHANDKÁI: Name of a Goddess.
CHANDRA: The moon.
CHANDRAMANDAL: The disk of the moon; the lunar sphere.
CHÁNDRÁYAN VRAT: Name of a vow.
CHARAK: Excreta.
CHÁRAN: A caste of genealogists and bards.
CHARANÁMRIT: Water in which the feet of a spiritual guide have
been washed.
CHARMARIA: Name of a snake deity.
CHARONTHI: A kind of flour.
CHASHA: The Blue jay.
CHAT: An image of darbha grass at Shráddha when the required Bráhman
is not present.
CHATA SHRÁDDHA: A shráddha in which a chat represents a Bráhman.
CHÁTURMÁS: The period of four months commencing from the tenth day
of the bright half of Ashádh and ending with the tenth day of the
bright half of Kártik.
CHATURTHI: The fourth day of the bright or dark half of a month.
CHAURÁR: An order of ghosts.
CHEDA: Ghost of a person of the Kunbi or Shudra caste or an unmarried
Mahár.
CHEDOBA: Name of a spirit deity.
CHELA: A disciple.
CHELAN: An oblation to a Máta or goddess.
CHETAK: A kind of black art.
CHETAKIN: A witch.
CHETUK: A spirit servant.
CHHAMACHHARI: Death anniversary.
CHHIPA: A caste of calico-printers.
CHHOGALA: Celebrated. Great.
CHHOGALO: With a tail.
CHILBIL: Notes of the Pingala bird.
CHILUM: A clay pipe.
CHINDHARO: Ragged.
CHIRANJIVA: Immortal.
CHITHI: A piece of paper on which mystic signs are drawn; an amulet.
CHITHARIA: Ragged.
CHITI: See Chithi.
CHITPÁVAN: A caste of Bráhmans also known as Konkanasth.
CHITRA: Name of a constellation.
CHOK: A square.
CHOLA: Dolichos Sinensio.
CHOLI: A bodice.
CHONGE: A kind of sweet.
CHORÁSI KÁNTINI: An order of ghosts.
CHORÁSI VIRU: An order of ghosts.
CHORAWA: A ceremony performed at the time of reaping.
CHOTH: The fourth day of the bright or dark half of a month.
CHUDBUDE JOSHI: A caste of fortune-tellers.
CHUDEL: An order of female ghosts.
CHUDELA: See Chudel.
CHUDI: A torch.
CHUDI PAURNIMA: The full-moon day of the month of Mágh.
CHUNADI: A kind of cloth worn by females.
CHUNTHO: Ragged.
CHUNVÁLIA KOLI: A tribe of Kolis.
CHURAMA: Sweet balls of wheat flour fried and soaked in ghi.
CHUTAKI: Snapping the thumb and finger.
COHAMPALO: Meddlesome.
D.
DÁDAMO: An order of ghosts.
DÁDAMOKHODIÁR: Name of a field deity.
DÁDH: A molar tooth.
DÁDH BÁNDHAVI: To deprive of the power of eating by a charm or spell.
DÁDO: An order of ghosts.
DÁKAN: A witch; an order of ghosts.
DÁKINI: See Dákan.
DÁKLA: A spirit instrument in the form of a small kettle-drum.
DAKSHA: A celebrated Prajápati born from the thumb of Brahma.
DAKSHA PRAJÁPATI: See Daksha.
DAKSHANA: A gift of money made to Bráhmans.
DÁL: Name of a sect of Hindus.
DALAP: A ceremony performed for the propitiation of the minor deities
of the fields.
DÁLIA: Baked split gram.
DÁMANA: An amulet tied to the horns of a pet animal.
DAMPATYA: A married pair.
DÁNA: Corn seed.
DÁNDA: The bat at the game of trap-stick.
DÁNKLA: See Dákla.
DÁNKLA BESWÁN: The installation of a dánkla.
DÁNKLÁN: See Dákla.
DARBHA: A sacred grass; Cynodon Dactylon.
DARDURI: Name of a water nymph.
DARGA: A Muhammadan place of worship.
DARJI: A caste of tailors.
DASHA: Influence.
DARSHA SHRÁDDHA: A shráddha to the manes on every new moon day.
DASARA: The tenth day of the bright half of Kártik.
DASHARATHA: Son of Aja and father of Ráma.
DAS PINDA: The oblations collectively to the manes of a deceased
ancestor which are offered daily from the first day of his decease
until the tenth, or which are offered together on the tenth: also
the rite.
DÁTAN: Wooden sticks for brushing the teeth.
DATTA: Name of a god.
DATTÁTRAYA: See Datta.
DÁV: An order of ghosts.
DEDAKO: A frog.
DEHARI MÁTA: Name of a goddess.
DELAVADI DEVI: Name of a goddess.
DENDO: The croaking of a frog.
DEOPAN: Ceremonies and observances in propitiation of a god.
DESHASTHA: A caste of Bráhmans found in the Deccan.
DEVA: A god.
DEVACHÁR: Spirit of a Shudra who dies after his marriage.
DEVAHUTI: Name of the mother of the sage Kapil.
DEVAK: A term for the deity or deities worshipped at marriages,
thread investitures etc.; a totem.
DEVAKI: Mother of Krishna.
DEVAL: A temple.
DEVAL RIGHANE: Entering into the service of the temple.
DEVALI: The male offspring of a Bhávin.
DEVALO: Not loved.
DEVARSHI: A dealer with gods and devils: one that summons, exorcises
them, etc.
DEVA SARPA: A snake belonging to a deity.
DEVASKI: The annual ceremonies in honour of the tutelar divinity of
a village.
DEVA YOSHITA: A woman offered to a god.
DEV DIVÁLI: The eleventh day of the bright half of Kártik.
DEVI: A goddess.
DEVIPANTH: A sect of the worshippers of the goddess Durga.
DHÁGA: An amulet made of a piece of cloth.
DHAL-JATRA: A ceremony performed at the time of harvest.
DHAMA: A name of Hanumán.
DHANA: Coriander.
DHANANJAYA: Name of a snake.
DHANA-TRAYODASHI: The thirteenth day of the dark half of Ashvin.
DHANGAR: A caste of shepherds.
DHANISHTHA: Name of a constellation.
DHANU: Sagittarius.
DHANURMÁS: The period during which the sun is in Sagittarius.
DHANU-SANKRÁNT: Transit or passage of the sun through Sagittarius.
DHÁRÁVÁDI: A stream of milk.
DHARMARÁJA: The god of death.
DHARMASHÁLA: A rest house.
DHARMASHÁSTRA: The code of body of Hindu law.
DHARMASINDHU: Name of a work treating of Hindu law.
DHED: An impure caste of Hindus.
DHEDVÁDA: The ward or place occupied by the Dhed caste.
DHINGO: Fat.
DHOBI: A caste of washermen.
DHOL: A drum.
DHOLIO: An order of ghosts.
DHONDILGAJYA: Name of a rite performed for securing rainfall.
DHORI: White.
DHOTAR: Waist cloth.
DHUL PÁDAVO: The first day of the dark half of Fálgun.
DHRUVA: The son of Uttánapáda. He was a great devotee of the god
Vishnu. The solar star.
DHULETI: See Dhul Pádavo.
DHULWAD: See Dhul Pádavo. The day of throwing dust after the burning
of the Holi.
DHUNDA: Name of a demon goddess.
DHUNDA RÁKSHASIN: See Dhunda.
DHUNDHUMARI: Name of a mythological personage.
DHUNI: The smoke-fire of an ascetic over which he sits inhaling
the smoke.
DHUPA: Frankincense.
DIGAMBARA: Name of a goddess.
DIPO: Panther.
DISHA-SHUL: Pain caused by directions.
DIVÁLI: A festival with nocturnal illuminations, feastings, gambling,
etc. held during the concluding day of Ashvin and the first and second
day of Kártik.
DIVÁSA: The fifteenth day of the dark half of Ashádh.
DIWAD: A serpent of a large but harmless species.
DODKA: One hundredth part of a rupee.
DOKADO: A ball of molasses and sesamum seed cooked together.
DORA: Piece of a string; a magic thread.
DORLI: Solanum indicum.
DOSO: Old.
DRO: A kind of sacred grass.
DRONA: Son of Bháradvája, by birth a Bráhman but acquainted with
military science which he received as a gift from Parashurám. He
instructed the Kauravas and Pándavas in the use of arms.
DRUSTAMANI: A kind of black beads.
DUDHA: Milk.
DUDHPÁK: Rice cooked in milk and sweetened with sugar.
DUG-DUDIOON: See Dákla.
DUHITRA: Shráddha performed by a grandson to propitiate his maternal
grandfather.
DUKÁL: Famine.
DUNDUBHI: A kettle-drum.
DUNGAR: A hill.
DURBÁR: The court of an Indian Chief.
DURGA: Name of a goddess.
DURGATI: Fallen condition.
DURVA: A kind of sacred grass.
DURYODHANA: The eldest of the Kaurava brothers.
DWIJA: A twice-born. A Bráhman, a Kshatriya or a Vaishya, whose
investiture with the sacred thread constitutes, religiously and
metaphorically a second birth.
DWITIYA: The second day of the bright or dark half of a month.
E.
EKÁDASHI: The eleventh day of the bright and dark halves of a month.
EKAL PER: Zizyphus jujuba.
EKÁNTARIO: Intermittent fever.
EKOTISHTA: The rites performed on the eleventh day after death.
ETALÁI: Name of a goddess.
F.
FÁG: A vulgar song.
FÁGAN: A corrupted form of Fálgun. See Fálgun.
FAKIR: A Muhammadan mendicant.
FAKIRI: Alms given to Fakirs in the Muharram.
FAKIRO: A beggar.
FÁLGUN: The twelfth month of the Deccani Hindu and the fifth month
of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
FÁVADI: Name of a bird.
FIRANGÁI: Name of a goddess.
FUL: A flower.
FUL DOL: A festival in which coloured water is thrown.
G.
GADHEDA: A donkey.
GADHEDO: See Gadheda.
GADHERIMÁTA: Name of a goddess installed to protect a fortress or
a street.
GAFAL: Stupid.
GAGANACHAR: An order of ghosts moving in the etherial regions.
GAGARBEDIUN: A piece of leather thong or a piece of black wood on
which mystic spells have been cast.
GAJÁBÁI: Name of a goddess.
GAJACHHAYA: A festival--the day of the new moon of Bhádrapad the moon
being in the Hasta constellation.
GALÁL: Red powder.
GANA: A troop of demigods considered as Shiva's attendants.
GANAGOR: Name of a vow.
GANDHARVA: A celestial musician; a class of demigods who are considered
to be the singers of gods.
GÁNDIVA: Name of the bow of Arjuna.
GÁNDU: Name of a tree.
GANDH: Sandal paste.
GANESH CHATURTHI: The fourth day of the bright half of Bhádrapad
celebrated as the birthday of Ganesh.
GANESHIO: A hook-shaped instrument used by thieves in boring holes
through walls.
GANGA: The river Ganges.
GANGÁJAL: Water of the Ganges.
GANGIGOR: Name of a vow.
GÁNGLO: Stony.
GÁNGUD: An order of ghosts.
GÁNJA: Hemp flower.
GANPATI: The son of Shiva and Párvati. He is the deity of wisdom and
the remover of difficulties and obstacles.
GANPATIPUJAN: The worship of Ganpati.
GÁNTHIA: A preparation of gram flour.
GAON-DEVI: Village goddess.
GARABI: A song in propitiation of a goddess.
GARBHÁDÁN: The marriage consummation ceremony.
GÁRHÁNE: Supplication to an idol.
GARUD: The eagle.
GARUD PURÁN: Name of a purán.
GÁTRÁD: Name of a goddess.
GAU: A measure of distance equal to 1 1/3 miles.
GAUTAM: Name of a sage.
GAVA: A wild ox.
GAVALI: A caste of herdsmen.
GAVATDEV: Name of a godling.
GAVATI: An order of ghosts.
GAYÁSUR: Name of a demon.
GÁYATRI: Name of a daughter of Brahma.
GÁYATRI MANTRA: A sacred verse from the Vedas held specially sacred
and repeated by every Bráhman at his morning and evening devotion. The
verse is in honour of the sun.
GÁYATRI PURASCHARAN: A form of devotion requiring the recitation of
the Gáyatri mantra a hundred thousand times with certain symbolic
ceremonies.
GÁYATRIPURASCHAVACHAN: See Gáyatripurascharan.
GEDI: A bat.
GEDI-DÁNDA: An outdoor game played by boys.
GERIA: A boy who takes an active part in the Holi festival.
GHÁDI: An exorcist. A caste of temple ministrants or an individual
of it.
GHADI: A measure of time equal to twenty-four minutes.
GHADULO: A process for removing the effects of the evil eye.
GHÁNCHINI: An order of ghosts.
GHÁNDHARAVI: An order of ghosts.
GHÁNI: That quantity of oil seeds which is put in at one time to be
crushed in an oil mill.
GHÁT: Steps on the side of a river or tank leading to the water.
GHATOTKACHA: Name of a demon.
GHELI: Mad.
GHELO: Mad.
GHELUN: Mad.
GHERÁYALA: Eclipsed.
GHETA: A sheep.
GHODO: A horse.
GHUGARI: Grain boiled whole, i.e., unsplit and unhusked.
GHUMAT: A sort of musical instrument--an earthen vessel, pitcher-form,
covered over at the larger mouth with leather.
GHUNA: A mysterious watery pit.
GIDOTÁN: Name of a creeper.
GILLI-DÁNDA: A play amongst boys, trapstick.
GIRÁSIA: A Rajput landholder.
GIRHA: A water demon. Applied to Ráhu or to an eclipse in general,
solar or lunar.
GIRI: An order or individual of it among Gosávis.
GOCHADI: Cattle or dog louse.
GODHO: A bull.
GOKARN: Name of a mythological king.
GOKHALO: A niche in the wall.
GOKUL: The name of the village at which Krishna was brought up.
GOKHARU: A species of thorns.
GOKUL-ASHTAMI: The eighth day of the dark half of Bhádrapad celebrated
as the birthday of Krishna.
GOL: Molasses.
GOLÁBA: Name of a goddess.
GOLAMBÁDEVI: Name of a goddess.
GOMUKH: Mouth of a cow.
GONDARO: Place where the village cattle rest.
GONDHAL: A kind of religious dance.
GOOLVEL: A kind of creeper.
GOPÁLSANTÁN: Name of an incantation.
GOPRADÁN: Gift of a cow with its calf to a Bráhman.
GOR: A priest.
GORA: A black earthen vessel filled with curds.
GORADIA: A name of Hanumán.
GORÁIN: A married unwidowed woman.
GORAKHA: Name of a saint.
GORAKH CHINCH: A kind of tree.
GORJI: A preceptor.
GORAKHRÁJ: Name of a saint.
GOSÁVI: An ascetic.
GOTRA: A section of a caste having a common ancestor.
GOURI-PUJAN: The worship of the goddess Gouri, a festival observed
only by women.
GOUTRAD: A vow in honour of the cow lasting from the eleventh day to
the fifteenth day of the bright half of Bhádrapad.
GOUTRÁL: Name of a vow.
GOVARDHAN: A celebrated hill near Mathura. A large heap of cow dung
or of rice, vegetables, etc. made on the first day of the bright half
of Kártik in imitation of the mountain.
GOWALÁ-DEVA: Name of a deity connected with rain-fall.
GRAHA: A planet.
GRAHANA: An eclipse.
GRAHAN-PUJAN: The worship of the plough on the full-moon day of
Shrávan.
GRAHA-SHÁNTI: A ceremony in propitiation of the planets.
GRÁMADEVATA: A village goddess.
GRÁMA-DEVI: A village goddess.
GRIHADEVATA: The deity which presides over the house.
GRISHMA-RITU: The summer.
GRIVA: Name of a deity.
GUDHI: A pole, wrapped around with a cloth, a mango sprig, etc.,
erected on the first day of the year before the house-door.
GUDHI-PÁDVA: The first day of the bright half of Chaitra, the new
year's day of the Deccani Hindus.
GUHYAK: An order of semi-divine beings.
GULÁB: A rose.
GUGAL: Balsamodendron.
GUJAKALPA: Name of a medicinal preparation.
GULÁL: Red powder.
GUMPHA: A cave.
GUNDAR: Gum arabic.
GURAV: A caste of temple ministrants or an individual of it.
GURU: A religious preceptor; Jupiter.
GURU CHARITRA: Name of a sacred book.
H.
HADAL: Ghost of a woman who dies within ten days of childbirth or
during menses.
HADALI: See Hadal.
HÁJ: A pilgrim.
HAJÁM: A caste of barbers or an individual of it.
HALÁHAL: A sort of deadly poison produced at the churning of the ocean.
HANSA: A goose.
HANUMÁN: Name of a deity in the form of a monkey. He was a great
devotee of Ráma.
HANUMÁN-JAYANTI: The full-moon-day of chaitra celebrated as the
birthday of Hanumán.
HAR: A name of Shiva.
HARDA: A garland of balls made of sugar.
HARDÁS: One who performs Kathás that is relates stories of Hindu
deities to the accompaniment of music.
HARDE: Myrobalan.
HARI: A name of Vishnu.
HARISCHANDRA: Name of a mythological king.
HARITÁLIKA: The third day of the bright half of Bhádrapad on which
images of Párvati made of earth are worshipped by women.
HARIVANSHA: Name of a purán.
HASTA: Name of a constellation.
HATHADI: An order of ghosts.
HÁTHI: An elephant.
HAVAN: A sacrificial offering.
HEDAMATIO: A name of Hanumán.
HEDAMBA: Name of a giantess.
HEDLI: An order of ghosts.
HEMANT-RITU: Winter.
HIDIMBA: Name of a giantess.
HIJADA: A eunuch.
HINGLÁJ: Name of a goddess.
HIRANYAKASHIPU: Name of a demon.
HIRANYAKASHYAPU: Name of a demon.
HIRANYÁKSHA: Name of a demon.
HIRWA: An order of ghosts.
HOL: Name of a goddess.
HOLI: A festival held at the approach of the vernal equinox. The pile
arranged to be kindled at the festival.
HOLIA: A boy who takes an active part in the Holi celebrations.
HOLIKA: Name of a goddess.
HOLO: A species of birds.
HOMA: A sacrifice.
HOMAHAVAN: A formation expressing comprehensively or collectively,
the several acts and points appertaining to oblation by fire: also
any one indefinely of these acts and points.
HOW: Name of a demon.
HUMBAD: A caste of Vániás or an individual of it.
HUTÁSHANI: The pile arranged to be kindled at the festival of Holi.
I.
INA: An egg.
INÁM: A gift.
INDA: An egg-shaped vessel.
INDRA-DHANUSHYA: A rain-bow.
INDRAJIT: Name of a demon.
INDRAMAHOTSAVA: A festival celebrated in honour of the god Indra.
IRALE: A protection against rain made of the leaves of trees.
ISHTADEVATA: A chosen deity.
ITIDIO: A species of insects.
J.
JÁDI: Fat.
JADO: Fastened.
JÁDU: The black art.
JÁGRAN: The fifteenth day of the bright half of Ashádh.
JÁGRITI: Wakefulness.
JAIKHA: An order of ghosts.
JÁKHÁI: Name of a minor goddess.
JAKHANI: An order of semi-divine beings.
JAKHÁI-DEVI: Name of a minor goddess.
JAKHARA: Name of a minor goddess.
JAKHARO: An order of ghosts.
JÁKHIN: Spirit of a woman whose husband is alive.
JAKHMÁTA: Name of a minor goddess.
JAKRIN: Name of a deity residing in water.
JÁL: An order of ghosts; name of a tree.
JALACHAR: An order of evil spirits living in water.
JALADEVI: Water-goddess.
JALAJ: An order of ghosts.
JALA-JATRA: The ceremony of submerging the image of Shiva.
JALANDHAR: Name of a demon.
JALAP: A dream caused by cold.
JALDEVKI: Water-goddess.
JALOTSAVA: A water festival.
JAMBUVANT: One of the generals of Rama's army at the siege of Lanka
or Ceylon.
JAMBUVANTI: The daughter of Jambuvant.
JAMI: An order of ghosts.
JÁN: An order of ghosts.
JANAK: A king of Mahila, the foster-father of Sita.
JÁNAWE: A sacred thread.
JANGAM: A Lingáyat priest.
JANHU: Name of a mythological king.
JANJIRO: A black cotton thread with seven knots.
JANMÁSHTAMI: The eighth day of the dark half of Shrávan celebrated
as the birth-day of Krishna.
JANMA-SUWÁSINI: A woman who is perpetually unwidowed.
JANNI: Name of a minor goddess.
JANTRA: A mystical arrangement of words.
JAP: Repeating prayers in a muttering manner.
JAP-MÁL: A rosary.
JÁRAN: A kind of black art.
JARÁSANDH: Name of a demon.
JARI: Name of a goddess.
JARI-MARI: A goddess presiding over an epidemic or pestilential
disease.
JATA: Matted hair.
JATRA: A fair.
JATUPI: Name of a sage.
JAVA: Barley.
JAVÁLA: Tender wheat plants.
JETHA: The eighth month of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
JHAPAT: A sudden encounter.
JHOLÁI: Name of a goddess.
JIMP: An order of ghosts.
JINNI: An order of ghosts.
JINO: Small.
JINTHRO: Rugged.
JIREN: Cumin-seed.
JIVADHANI: Name of a goddess.
JIVI: Live.
JIVO: Live.
JOGÁI: Name of a goddess.
JOGANI: A female harpie.
JOGATA: A male child offered to the goddess Yallamma.
JOGATIN: A female child offered to the goddess Yallamma.
JOGAVA: Begging in the name of the goddess Amba.
JOGI: A male child offered to the goddess Máyáka.
JOGIN: A female child offered to the goddess Máyáka.
JUÁRI: A kind of corn.
JULEBI: A kind of sweet.
JUTHI: False.
JUVÁRI: A kind of corn.
JYESHTHA: The third month of the Deccani Hindu and the eighth month
of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year. Name of a constellation.
JYOTISH-SHÁSTRA: The science of astronomy.
K.
KABAR: A tomb raised over the grave of a Muhammadan saint.
KABIR: Name of a celebrated saint.
KACHA: The son of Brihaspati, the preceptor of gods.
KACHAKADA: A kind of bead.
KACHARO: Refuse.
KACHBI: Rainbow.
KÁCHHIA: A caste of vegetable sellers.
KADADAN: Legumes.
KADALIPUJAN: Plantain tree worship.
KADAMB: Anthocephalus cadamba.
KADVI: Bitter.
KADAVO: Bitter.
KADULIMB: Melia Azadirachta.
KÁFRI: An order of ghosts.
KÁGDO: A crow.
KÁGRÁSHIA: An expounder of the utterances of crows.
KÁGVA: Cooked food offered to the manes.
KAITABHA: Name of a demon.
KÁJAL: Collyrium.
KÁJRA: A kind of tree.
KAKADI: A cucumber.
KÁKBHUSHUNDI: Name of a sage.
KALASH: A jar.
KALASHI: A weight of corn.
KÁLANEMI: Name of a demon.
KALASIO: A bowl.
KÁLI: Name of a goddess.
KÁLIKA: Name of a goddess.
KÁLKÁICHE BHUT: An order of ghosts.
KÁLI CHAUDAS: The fourteenth day of the dark half of Ashvin.
KALINGI: Daughter of the king of the Kalingas.
KÁLI PARAJ: A name applied collectively to the aboriginal tribes
of Gujarát.
KÁLIYA NÁG: Name of a mythological snake.
KÁLI YUGA: The fourth age of the world according to the Hindu
scriptures.
KÁLO: Black.
KÁLO VA: Name of a cattle disease.
KALPAVRIKSHA: A fabulous tree granting all desires.
KÁL BHAIRAV: A name of Mahádev.
KÁL PURUSHA: The god of death.
KÁLUBÁI: Name of a minor goddess.
KALYÁN: Welfare.
KÁMA DHENU: A heavenly cow granting all desires.
KAMALA HOLI: The fourteenth day of the bright half of Fálgun.
KÁMAN: A kind of black art of bewitching a person.
KAMANDALU: A gourd.
KÁMDEV MAHÁDEV: A name of Mahádev.
KAMOD: A kind of rice.
KANAKNÁTH: A name of Mahádev.
KANKOTRI: Red powder.
KÁNOBA: Name of a minor deity.
KANSA: King of Mathura, maternal uncle of Krishna.
KANSÁR: Coarse wheat flour cooked in water or ghi and sweetened with
molasses or sugar.
KANYA: A girl; Virgo.
KAPHAN: The cloth in which a corpse is wrapped.
KAPIL: Name of a sage.
KAPILÁSHASTHI: A day on which synchronize six particulars--the
day, Tuesday; the month, Bhádrapad; the date, the sixth of the dark
fortnight; the Nakshatra, Rohini; the Yog, Vyatipát; the Mahánakshatra,
Hasti.
KAPILASHETE: See Kapiláshasthi.
KARAN: A kind of tree.
KARHÁDA: A caste of Bráhmans found in the Deccan.
KARKA: Cancer.
KARKATA: Name of a water nymph.
KARKATI: See Karkata.
KARKOTAK: Name of a snake.
KARMAMÁRGA: The path of action.
KÁRTIK: The eighth month of the Deccani Hindu and the first month of
the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
KÁRTIKEY: Son of Shiva, the commander of the army of the gods.
KÁSADA: A kind of sacred grass.
KASÁI: A butcher.
KASATIA: Name of a god.
KASATIA-GÁNTH: Tying the knot of Kasatia, a vow observed in the name
of the god Kasatia.
KÁSHI: Benares.
KÁTHAWATI: Name of a tribe.
KATHEKARI: A narrator of the legends of the gods.
KÁTHI: Name of a tribe.
KÁTKARI: Name of a tribe.
KÁTLÁN: A kind of medicinal preparation.
KATYÁR: A dagger.
KAUL: The rice, betelnuts, etc., stuck upon an idol when it is
consulted.
KAUL GHÁLNE: To consult a deity by kaul.
KAURAVA: The patronymic of the descendants of Kuru, but usually
applied to the sons of Dhritaráshtra.
KAUSTUBHA: Name of a celebrated gem obtained at the churning of the
ocean and worn by Vishnu.
KAVANESHWAR: A name of Mahádev.
KÁYA: Body.
KEDÁR: Name of a deity.
KERÁDO: A kind of tree.
KESHAR: Saffron.
KESHAVA: A name of Krishna.
KETU: In astronomy, the ninth of the planets; in mythology, a demon.
KHABITH: An order of ghosts.
KHAD-KHADYA-BESÁDVI: A ceremony performed by exorcists to propitiate
their favourite goddesses.
KHADI: Red or green earth.
KHAGACHAR: An order of ghosts roaming in the sky.
KHAIR: Acacia catechu.
KHAIS: A species of water spirits.
KHAJÁDA PANTH: A sect of Hindus.
KHÁKHARA: A kind of tree.
KHÁKHI: A sect of Hindus.
KHAL: The passage in the Shivalinga (phallus of Shiva).
KHANA: A bodice cloth.
KHÁNDE PUJAN: Worship of arms.
KHANDERÁI: A name of the deity Khandoba.
KHANDOBA: Name of a deity.
KHANJIR: A dagger.
KHÁPARI: A kind of cattle disease.
KHÁPRYA: An order of ghosts.
KHÁRAVA: A disease of cattle in which the hoofs are affected.
KHÁRVA: A caste of fishermen and sailors or an individual of it.
KHÁRVI: See Khárva.
KHÁTALE: A cot.
KHATRI: A caste of weavers.
KHAVÁS: A caste of Hindus.
KHAVIS: An order of ghosts.
KHETALO: Name of a snake deity.
KHETRVA: A field.
KHEM: An order of ghosts.
KHICHADI: A preparation of rice and pulse cooked together.
KHIJADIO: The Shami tree, Prosopis spicigera.
KHIJADO: See Khijadio.
KHIJADO MÁMO: An order of ghosts.
KHILI: A peg.
KHIR: Rice cooked in milk and sweetened with sugar.
KHIT KHIT: Notes of the Pingla bird.
KHODIÁR MÁTA: Name of a goddess.
KHODO: Lame.
KHODO MÁMO: Name of a minor deity.
KHOJA: A class of Musalmáns.
KHOKHO: An outdoor game played in the Deccan.
KHUNTINI: An order of ghosts.
KIDI: An ant.
KILBIL: Notes of the Pingla bird.
KINKHÁB: Silk worked with gold and silver flowers, brocade.
KINNARI: An order of semi-divine beings.
KIRÁTA: A fisherman.
KISHORDÁS: A name of Hanumán.
KODRA: Punctured millet.
KOHALA: Pumpkin.
KOKÁI: Name of a goddess.
KOKIL: A cuckoo.
KOKILA VRATA: The festival of cuckoos which is held in the month of
Ashádh after a lapse of twenty years.
KOLAMBÁI: Name of a goddess.
KOLHÁI: Name of a goddess.
KOLI: A primitive tribe of Hindus common in the Bombay Presidency.
KOLO: A jackal.
KOLKÁI: Name of a goddess.
KOLU: Cucurbita maxima.
KONDI: A kind of earthen pot.
KONDURI: A preparation of mutton.
KORI: A new garment; an unused earthen jar; a small silver coin.
KOTHALI: Reticule.
KOTWÁL: Name of an untouchable caste of Hindus.
KOYATA: A wood bill.
KRISHNA: The eighth incarnation of Vishnu.
KRITIKA: Name of a constellation.
KRIYA BHAUDÁI: Name of a deity.
KSHATRIYA: The warrior class, the second of the fourfold divisions
of Manu.
KSHETRA: A holy place.
KSHETRAPÁL: The guardian spirit of fields; a kind of stone.
KUBER: The lord of wealth, the regent of the north and the king of
the Yakshas and Kinnaras.
KUKAD VEL: A kind of creeper.
KUL: A totem; a clan.
KULA-DEVATA: Family deity.
KULA-DEVI: Family goddess.
KULADHARMA: A special worship of the family god or goddess of each
family.
KULATHI: A kind of corn.
KULERA: A mixture of wheat, oat or rice flour, clarified butter and
sugar or molasses.
KULKARNI: A village accountant.
KUMBHA: Aquarius.
KUMBHAKARN: Name of a demon.
KUMBHÁR: A caste of potters.
KUMBHÁRAN: A woman of the Kumbhár caste.
KUMBHAVA: Name of a cattle disease.
KUMBHAVIVÁHA: Marriage with an earthen jar.
KUNBI: A cultivator.
KUND: A pond; a pit; a sacred pool.
KUNDALAN: A kind of magic circle.
KUNDALI: An astrological diagram of the position of planets at any
particular time.
KUNDALIA: A name of Hanumán.
KUNDI: A shoe-maker's earthen pot.
KUNKU: Red powder.
KUNTI: The first wife of Pandu.
KUPOTSARGA: Digging a well for the benefit of the public--and
abandoning one's right of ownership over it.
KURANANDI: Wheat flour lumps used in the ceremony of the Bodan.
KURI: An implement for sowing corn.
KURMI: Name of a water nymph.
KURUKSHETRA: The extensive plain near Delhi, the scene of the great
battle between the Kauravas and Pándavas.
KUSHMÁND: An order of demi-gods.
KUSUMBA: The dye prepared from the dried flowers of the Kusumba
(Carthamus tinctorius).
KUTRO: A dog.
L.
LÁDU: A sweet ball.
LAGHURUDRA: A rite in honour of the god Shiva.
LÁHYA: Parched rice.
LAKSHACHANDI: A recitation in honour of the goddess Párvati.
LAKSHAMANA: Brother of Ráma.
LAKSHMI: The goddess of wealth.
LÁLA HARDEV: Name of a minor local deity.
LÁLO: Name of a field deity.
LÁLO BHAGAT: Name of a saint.
LÁMANDIVO: An iron lamp.
LAMLAN: A branch of black magic.
LANKA: Ceylon.
LÁPSI: Coarse wheat flour fried in ghi and sweetened with molasses
or sugar.
LAVENG: Clove.
LÁVANI: A kind of ballad: plantation.
LÁWANI: Plantation.
LÁVO: A Parasite.
LÁVSANT: A ghost of a widow.
LIMDO: A tree, Alantas excelsa.
LIMBO: Poisonous.
LINGA: Phallus.
LINGAM: See Linga.
LINGÁYAT: An individual of the Lingáyat religion whose chief object
of worship is Shiva.
LOBÁN: Olibanum.
LOBHÁN: Incense powder.
LOTA: A water pot.
LUVÁNA: A caste of traders.
LUXMI: See Lakshmi.
M.
MACHCHENDRA NÁTH: Name of a saint.
MACHHI: Name of a water nymph.
MÁCHHO: Name of a goddess.
MACHHU: See Máchho.
MADALIUN: A hollow bracelet.
MADAN: Cupid.
MADHAVI: A village headman.
MADHU: Name of a demon.
MADHU PAVANTI: An order of ghosts.
MADHWÁCHÁRYA: Name of a great saint who founded a sect of Vaishnavism.
MAFAT: Useless.
MAFATIO: Useless.
MAG: A grain, Phaseolus mungo.
MÁGH: The eleventh month of the Deccani Hindu and the fourth month
of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
MAGHA: Name of a constellation.
MAGHALO: A lamp of mud covered with leaves to represent the god
of rain.
MAHÁBHÁRAT: Name of an epic of the Hindus.
MAHÁDEVA: A name of Shiva.
MAHA GIRA: Name of a minor deity.
MAHÁKÁLI: Name of a goddess.
MAHÁKÁLI NIRVÁN TANTRA: Name of a work on Tantric philosophy.
MAHÁLAKSHMI: Name of a goddess; Name of a ceremony in which the
goddess is worshipped on the eighth day of the bright half of Ashvin.
MAHÁLAYA SHRÁDDHA: A shráddha performed in the dark half of Bhádrapad
in propitiation of ancestors.
MAHÁMÁRI: Cholera goddess.
MAHANT: A saint.
MAHÁPURUSH: An order of civil spirits.
MAHÁR: An unclean caste of Hindus.
MAHÁR PURUSHA: A kind of stone.
MAHÁRÁJA: A term of respectful compellation applied to kings, religious
heads, saints, etc.
MAHÁRÁKSHASA: A class of demons.
MAHÁRUDRA: A sacrifice in honour of Shiva.
MAHÁRAURAVA: A kind of hell.
MAHÁSHIVARÁTRI: The fourteenth day of the dark half of Mágh, a fast
day in honour of Shiva.
MAHÁTMA: A saint.
MAHÁTMYA: Greatness.
MAHESHA: A name of Shiva.
MAHESHVAR: A name of Shiva.
MAHI: Name of a demon.
MAHIKÁWATI: Name of a goddess.
MAHODAYA: Name of a festival.
MAIDAN: A plain.
MAKARA: Capricornus.
MAKARI: Name of a water nymph.
MAKHAR: A gaily dressed up wooden frame.
MAKI: Maize.
MÁLÁR: A musical mode.
MALHÁRI: A name of Kandoba.
MALI: Red lead.
MÁLI: A caste of gardeners or an individual of it.
MALINDA: A sweet preparation of wheat flour fried in ghi.
MALIN: Unclean.
MALLÁRI: A name of Khandoba.
MÁLO: A bower.
MAMIKULA: An order of ghosts.
MÁMO: An order of ghosts; a maternal uncle.
MANAYA: Name of a deity.
MANDAL: A group.
MANDALU: A circle.
MANDAN MISHRA: Name of an ancient scholar.
MANDAP: A bower.
MÁNDA BHARANE: Filling in a magic circle as a protection from spirits.
MÁNEK-STAMBHA: The auspicious post of the marriage bower.
MÁNG: An unclean caste of the Hindus.
MÁNGÁI: Name of a goddess.
MANGAL: Mars.
MANGALÁ-GOURI: A ceremony performed by married girls for five
successive years on every Tuesday of the month of Shrávan.
MANGALÁRATI: Moving a lighted lamp round an idol.
MANGALSUTRA: The lucky thread worn by married women.
MANI: A jewel; name of a deity.
MANIDHAR: A snake.
MANI MALLA: Name of a demon.
MÁNKARI: The person entitled to certain honours and presents at
village assemblies.
MANKODA: A black ant.
MÁNSA KHAVANTI: An order of ghosts.
MANTRA: An incantation; a magic spell.
MANTRA-SHÁSTRA: The science of incantations.
MANTRI: An exorcist.
MÁNTRIK: An exorcist.
MANUSHYACHAR: An order of ghosts moving among men.
MÁRAN: A branch of black magic.
MÁRGA: A path; course.
MARGÁI: Name of a goddess.
MÁRGASHIRSHA: The ninth month of the Deccani Hindu and the second
month of the Gujarát Hindu calendar year.
MARGI: A sect of Hindus.
MARGI PANTHI: A follower of the Margi sect.
MARI: Name of a goddess.
MARICHI: Name of a sage.
MARIYUN: A ceremony for driving away insects.
MARVO: Marjoram.
MASUR: Lentil.
MASIDA: An order of ghosts.
MÁTA: A goddess.
MÁTÁJI: See Máta.
MÁTA ASHTAMI: The eighth day of the navarátra.
MÁTARI: Name of a goddess.
MATH: A monastery.
MÁTHBHÁJI: A kind of green vegetable.
MÁTI: Earth.
MÁTRIKA: A mother; an order of semi-divine beings.
MÁULI: Name of a goddess.
MAUNYA VRATA: A vow of silence.
MÁVADI: Ghost of a woman dying with certain desires unfulfilled.
MÁYA: Illusion.
MÁYÁKA: Name of a goddess.
MEDA: Marrow.
MEDINI: The earth.
MEGH: A cloud.
MEGHARÁJA: The god of rains.
MEGHLADDU: A sweet ball of wheat flour fried in ghi.
MEHULO: See Maghalo.
MEKAIL: Name of an angel.
MELADI: An order of ghosts.
MELDI: See Meladi.
MELI VIDYA: Sacrilegious art.
MENA: A kind of bird.
MERU: Name of a mythological mountain.
MESHA: Aries.
MHÁLSA: Name of a goddess.
MHÁRJÁI: Name of a goddess.
MHARLOBA: Name of a deity.
MHASHYA: A species of water spirits.
MHASOBA: Name of a village deity; lord of ghosts.
MIANA: A class of Musalmáns.
MINA: Pisces.
MINDHAL: A kind of fruit.
MIRI: Particle.
MITHUN: Gemini.
MIYALI: An order of ghosts.
MOBHARA: A hollow stone used for threshing corn.
MOCHI: A caste of shoe-makers.
MOCHINI: An order of ghosts.
MOGRI: Rat-tailed raddish.
MOHAN: A branch of black magic.
MOHINI: A fascinating woman.
MOHARO: The stone found in the head of the snake.
MOHOR: See Moharo.
MOKSHA: Salvation.
MOLANI: An order of ghosts.
MOTÁKAT: Name of a vow.
MOR: A peacock.
MORIA: An earthen bowl.
MOT MÁVALI: Mother Mary.
MOTUDUKH: A kind of cattle disease.
MOVA KHARAVA: Name of a cattle disease.
MRIG: A deer; name of a constellation.
MRIGÁNKA: The moon.
MRIGA TONCHANA: The moon.
MRITYUNJAYA: Name of an incantation.
MUCHKUND: Name of a sage.
MUJÁVAR: A sweeper of a mosque devoutly or piously fixed to it.
MUKTI: Salvation.
MUL: Name of a star.
MULO: Raddish.
MUNDA: A kind of wind.
MUNGESHWAR MAHÁDEV: A name of Shiva.
MUNGI MÁTA: Name of a goddess; dumb mother.
MUNJA: Spirit of Bráhman boy who dies immediately after his thread
ceremony.
MURALI: A flute.
MURDUNGA: Tabour.
MURLI: See Murali.
MUSAL: A rice pounder.
MUTH: The fist.
MUTH MÁRANE: Throwing of a handful of rice over which incantations
have been repeated; sending a bewitched lemon to a person to whom a
disease is to be transferred or who is to be killed.
MUVA-KESHIBI: A kind of cattle disease.
N.
NÁCHANI: A kind of grain.
NÁDÁPUDI: A coloured cord with a small parcel containing incense,
red powder, etc.
NÁDÁSÁDI: A cord and a robe.
NÁG: A snake; a species of semi-divine beings half men half serpents
in form.
NÁGA: See Nág.
NÁGABALI: A propitiatory offering to snakes.
NÁGAR: A caste of Bráhmans found in Gujarát.
NÁGCHÁMFA: A flower tree, Alpinia mutans.
NÁGDEV: The snake god.
NÁGKANYA: A snake girl.
NÁG KESAR: Messua Ferrea.
NÁGMAGA: A class of beggars who worship the snake.
NÁGNÁTH: Name of a snake deity.
NÁG PANCHAMI: The fifth day of the bright half Shrávan, a holiday in
honour of the snake deity.
NÁGO: Shameless.
NÁGOBA: The snake deity.
NÁGVEL: A kind of creeper.
NAIVEDYA: An offering of some eatable to an idol.
NAKSHATRA: A star; a constellation.
NALA: Name of a mythological king.
NÁLPIR: Name of a pir or Mahomedan saint.
NÁL SÁHEB: A familiar name for the bearer, in the Muharam, of the
Tabut-pole which terminates at the top in a nál or horse-shoe member.
NAMAN: Oil poured over the image of Hanumán.
NAMASKÁR: Reverential or respectful address or salutation.
NANDA: the adoptive father of Krishna.
NANDARÁJ: Name of a mythological king.
NANDI: A bull.
NÁNDI SHRÁDDHA: A Shráddha to the manes, preliminary to any joyous
occasion.
NÁNO: Small.
NAO NARASING: An order of ghosts.
NARA: Name of a sage.
NÁRAD MUNI: Name of a divine sage.
NARAK: Hell.
NARAK-CHATURDASHI: The fourteenth day of the dark half of Ashvin.
NÁRALI PAURNIMA: The cocoanut holiday, the fifteenth day of the bright
half of Shrávan.
NARASIMHA: An incarnation of Vishnu in the form of half lion half man.
NÁRÁYAN: Name of a sage.
NÁRÁYANA BALI: A sacrifice in propitiation of evil spirits.
NÁRÁYAN KAVACH: A hymn in honour of Vishnu.
NÁRÁYAN NÁGABALI: A kind of offering.
NÁREL-PURNIMA: See Nárali Paurnima.
NARGUDIKALPA: A kind of medicinal preparation.
NARKYA UDA: A kind of incense.
NARSINHA: See Narasimha.
NARSINHA MEHTA: a celebrated saint of Gujarát.
NÁTAK: A drama.
NATHU: Tied.
NAVACHANDI: Name of a sacrifice.
NAVAGRAHA: The nine planets.
NAVAGRAHASHÁNTI: A ceremony in propitiation of the nine planets.
NAVAKÁDÁN: Gift of a ship.
NAVALÁ-DEVI: Name of a goddess.
NAVAMUTHIUM: A preparation of nine handfuls of wheat.
NAVARÁTRA: The first nine days of the month of Ashvin held sacred
to Durga.
NAVATERI: A game of nine and thirteen.
NEHADO: A hamlet of Bharváds or shepherds.
NIAR: A kind of rice grown without ploughing.
NILOTSARGA: A kind of Shráddha.
NILOTSAVA: See Nilparván.
NILPARVÁN: A ceremony in propitiation of the spirits of deceased
ancestors.
NIRGUDI: A kind of plant.
NIRMALA: Name of a goddess.
NOL VEL: A kind of creeper.
NRISINHA MANTRA: An incantation in honour of Nrisinha.
NYÁSA: Gesture.
O.
OGHAD: A fool.
OKARINU: Vomitting; a kind of sheep disease.
OLO: A species of birds.
OMKÁR MANDHÁTA: Name of a god.
P.
PÁDO: A he-buffalo.
PÁDUKA: Impressions of feet on stones.
PADVAL: Snake-gourd.
PADWAL: See Padval.
PAJUSAN: A holiday of Jains.
PALAS: A tree, Butea frondosa.
PALEJATRA: A ceremony performed at the sowing season.
PALE MARAD: An order of ghosts.
PÁLIO: A pillar. A tomb erected on the grave of a person who dies on
a field of battle.
PALUS: See palas.
PÁN: A betel leaf.
PANCHAK: Grouping of constellations lasting for five days.
PANCHÁKSHARI: An exorcist.
PANCHÁMRITA: A mixture of milk, curds, sugar, ghi and honey.
PANCHARATNA: Five kinds of precious things, viz., gold, silver,
copper, coral and pearls.
PANCHÁYATAN: The five deities, Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, Ganpati and Devi.
PANCH-DEVA: See Pancháyatan.
PANCHGAVYA: A mixture of the five products of the cow.
PANCHOPACHÁR: The presenting in oblation to an idol of five articles.
PÁNDAVA: A term applied to the five sons of Pandu.
PANDHAR: Name of a goddess.
PANDIT: A scholar.
PÁNDHRI: A kind of tree.
PÁNGALÁ-DEVI: Name of a goddess.
PANOTI: Certain peculiar conjunctions of planets; name of a goddess.
PÁPAD: Wafer biscuits.