_Dactylopius citri_, 595
Daddy-long-legs, 471
_Dakruma coccidivora_, 424
Dalla Torre, Catalogue of Hymenoptera, 21
Danaides, 344, _347_
Danaioid Heliconiidae, 346
_Danais archippus_, or _plexippus_, 345
Dances, 351, 464, 493, 554
Darwin, C., on _Pelobius_, 208
Darwin, F., on proboscis of Lepidoptera, 311 n.
Dascillidae, _243_, 255
_Dascillus cervinus_, 255
_Dasychira pudibunda_, 408;
_D. rossii_, 407
Dasygastres, _20_, 35 f.
_Dasypoda hirtipes_, 27
Dead-leaf butterfly, 353
Death-watches, 248, 254
December-moth, 406
Deer bot-fly, 517
Deer-fly, 518
Delphacides, _576_
_Deltocephalus inimicus_, 578
Deltoidae, 418, _423_
Denudatae, _20_, 29
_Deporaus_, 291
_Dermatobia noxialis_, 517
Dermestidae, 241
_Deroca_, 400
Derodontidae, 244, _253_
_Derodontus maculatus_, 245
De Saussure, on wasps' nests, 81
Devil's coach-horse, 225
Dewitz, on development, of sting, 8;
of thoracic appendages, 9
Dexiidae, 510
_Diactor bilineatus_, 547
_Dianeura_, 392
_Diateina holymenoides_, 547
Dichoptic, 440
_Dicthadia_, 178, 180
_Dictyocicada_, 543
_Dilophus febrilis_, 477;
_D. vulgaris_, 476
Dimera, _544_
Dimorphic, generations, 586;
males, 161, 172
Dimorphism, 139;
of wings, 549
_Dinapate wrightii_, 246
Dingar, 70
_Dinoponera grandis_, 132, 134, 171
_Dionychopus niveus_, 410
Diopsidae, 503, _504_, 505
_Diopsis apicalis_, 503
Dioptinae, 409
_Dioptoma adamsi_, 251
_Dioscorea batatas_, beetle-larvae in, 280
_Dioxys cincta_, 32, 43
Diphyllides, _237_
_Diplocotes_, _248_
_Diplonychus_, 566
_Diploplectron_, 119
Diploptera, _10_, 71 f.
_Diplosara lignivora_, 429
_Diplosis_, 459;
_D. resinicola_, 459
_Dipsocoris alienus_, 559
Diptera, 438 f.
Dipterous parasitic larva, 26
_Dirphia tarquinia_, 377
Discocellular nervures, 318
_Dismorphia_, 346, 357
Dissociation of embryo, 70 n.
_Dixa_, 471
Dixidae, 471
Dohrn, Anton, on Hemiptera, 538
_Dolichoderides_, _157_
Dolichopidae, 493
_Dolichopus undulatus_, 441
_Dolichurus haemorrhous_, 116
_Donacia_, 280
Donaciides, 279
Dorsal vessel, 320;
529—see also Internal Anatomy
_Dorycera_, 504
Doryceridae, _504_
Dorylides, 174 f.
Dorylini, _175_, _177_
_Dorylus_, 133, 177, 179;
_D. helvolus_, 178
_Doryphora decemlineata_, 278
Dragon, 383, 385
Drepanidae, _370_, 400
_Drepanosiphum platanoides_, 585
Drepanulidae, 400
Drilides, _248_
Driver ants, 178
Drones, 63, 67, 69 {610}
Drosophilidae, _504_
_Drurya_, 362
Dryomyzidae, _504_
_Dryophthorus_, _289_
Dubois, on luminescence, 259
Dudgeon, on _Badamia_, 365
Dufour, on host helping parasite, 26
Duke of Burgundy fritillary, 355
Duration, of ant-colonies, 154;
of wasp-colonies, 70 n., 80;
of life—see Longevity
Durrant, on moth-cases, 431
Dutch bulbs, larva in, 501
Dyar, classification of larvae of moths, 367
_Dycladia_, 389
_Dynastes_, 199
Dynastides, _195_, 199
_Dysdercus suturellus_, 548
Dytiscidae, 210 f.
_Dytiscus_, 211
_Earias_, 410
Eau de Javelle, 368 n.
_Echinophthirius_, 600
_Eciton_, 159, 175, f;
_E. hamatum_, 175, 177
Ecitonini, _174_, 175 f.
_Ecpantheria_, 409
_Ectatomma auratum_, 131
_Ectrephes kingi_, 248
Edible larvae, 287
Egg, 305, 435, 468;
as food, 504, 568;
of bot-fly, 514, 515;
of Capsidae, 561;
carried, 547, 551, 566;
of _Endochus_, 558;
of Reduviidae, 559;
of flea, 524;
laid by pupa, 469;
of Lepidoptera, 321, 322;
of _Nepa_, 564;
numerous, 397, few, 197;
standing out string of, 378;
swallowed, 508
Egg-tubes, 321
Eggers, 322, 405
_Elaphidion villosum_, 286
_Elaphomyia_, 505
Elateridae, 256
Elaterides, _260_
_Eleodes_, 263
_Elephantomyia_, 472
Elmides, 244
_Elymnias_, 348
Elymniidae, 348
Elytra, 184, 186, 539
Embolium, 539
Embryonic dissociation, 70 n.
_Emenadia flabellata_, 269
Emery on classification of ants, 144;
on polymorphism in ants, 143
Emesiides, 555
Emperor-moth, 374
Empidae, 492, _494_
Empodium, 446
_Empretia stimulans_, 403
_Encyrtus_, 34;
_Encyrtus fuscicollis_, embryology of, 70
Endomychidae, _237_, 239
Endotrichiinae, _423_
Endromidae, _369_, 406
Energopoda, _457_, _491_
_Enhydrus_, 216
Entomophila, _10_
Enzyme, 259
_Epeolus variegatus_, 30
_Ephestia kuhniella_, 306, 424
Ephydridae, _504_
_Ephyra pendularia_, 412
Epiblemidae, _427_
_Epicausis smithi_, 409
_Epichnopteryx_, _395_
Epicopeiidae, _368_, 418
Epicranium, 307
_Epicypta scatophora_, 463
_Epidapus scabiei_, 462
Epilachnides, 238
Epimeron, 307
_Epinotia funebrana_, 428;
_E. hypericana_, parasite of, 476
Epipaschiinae, _423_
Epipharyngeal sclerites, 14
Epipharynx, 14, 308, 443, 600
Epiplemidae, _368_, 420
_Epipyrops_, 404
Episternum, 307
_Epitritus_, 170
_Epuraea_, 232
_Erastria scitula_, 417
_Erebia_, _347_;
_E. aethiops_, 347
Erebides, 418
Eremochaeta, _457_
Eremochaetous, 446
_Eremocoris_, 548
Ergatandrous, 140 n.
Ergatogynous, 140 n., 142
Ergatoid, 140
_Ericerus pela_, 597
_Eriocephala_, 308;
_E. calthella_, 434
Eriocephalidae, 433
_Eriocera_, 472
_Eristalis_, 499
Ermine-moths, 409
Erotylidae, _235_, 236
Erucaeformia, 475
_Erycides_, _364_
Erycinidae, _341_, 354, _358_
Erycinides, _355_
_Ethon_, 262
Eucephalous larvae, 450
_Eucera_, _32_
_Eucharis myrmeciae_, 173
_Euchloe cardamines_, egg, 322;
larva, 358, 359;
pupa, 358;
_E. genutia_, 358
_Euchroma goliath_, 261
_Eucinetus_, 256
Eucleidae, 401
_Euclidia mi_, 415
Eucnemides, 260 {611}
_Eudaemonia_, 373
_Eudamus proteus_, 340
_Eueides_, 351
_Eugereon hockingi_, 542
_Euglossa_, 34;
_E. cordata_, 35
_Eugnoristus monachus_, 289
_Eulema_, 35
Eulen, 414
_Eulyes_, 558
_Eumaeus_, 355
_Eumenes arbustorum_, 73;
_E. coarctata_, 73, 74;
_E. conica_, 74;
_E. flavopicta_, 72;
_E. pomiformis_, 72;
_E. unguiculata_, 73
Eumenidae, 72 f.
Eumolpides, _279_
Eumyiid flies, _456_
_Euparagia_, 89
_Euphoria_, 200
_Euplocia_, 408
_Euploea_, 345
Eupoda, _279_, 280
_Eupsalis minuta_, 296
Eupterotidae, _368_, 376
_Eurygona_, larva, 355
_Euschemon rafflesiae_, 371
_Eusemia vitticoides_, 410
_Eusthenes pratti_, 533
_Euthyrhynchus floridanus_, 546
_Excoecaria biglandulosa_, 424
Excrement as covering, 281, 283, 463—see also Adapted excrement.
Excremental dwellings, 284, 379
External structure, of Aphidae, 588;
of Chrysididae, 2;
of Coleoptera, 185;
of Diptera, 439 f.;
of fleas, 523;
of Hemiptera, 534;
of _Hepialus_, 400;
of Hymenoptera Aculeata, 5;
of Lepidoptera, 307 f.;
of Thrips, 527
Exudation of fluid, 238
Eye-collar, 387
Eyes, four in number, 215, 251, 476
Fabre, J. H., on _Ammophila_, 111;
on _Anthrax_, 486;
on _Bembex_, 120 f.;
on _Calicurgus_, 101;
on _Chalicodoma_, 37 f.;
on _Eumenes_, 72;
on _Halictus_, 24;
on _Miltogramma_, 509;
on _Osmia_, 48 f.;
on _Scarabaeus_, 196;
on _Scolia_, 97 f.;
on _Sitaris_, 272;
on _Sphex_, 108;
on _Stelis nasuta_, 30
False cones of _Chermes_, 587
Families of moths, key to, 368 f.
Feeding young, 147
_Fertonius luteicollis_, 130
Fever-fly, 477
_Filaria_, and Mosquitos, 468
Filicornia, _200_
Finding nest, 38 f., 126
Finn, on protected butterflies, 345 n.
Flagella, 384, 442
Flatides, 576
Flax-seed cocoon, 460
Fleas, 522 f.
Fly-disease, 513
Food, abstinence from, 254;
of bee-larvae, 19;
small in amount, 277
Food-reservoir, 320
Footmen, 409
Forbes, on ant sounds, 155
Forel, Aug., on tropical American Ants, 138;
on classification of Ants, 144
Forest-fly, 518
_Formica exsectoides_, 149;
_F. fusca_, 137, 150, 151;
_F. rufa_, 148, 154;
_F. sanguinea_, 149;
_F. schavfussi_, 152
Formicidae, 131 f.
_Formicoxenus nitidulus_, 148, 159
_Fornax_, 260
Fossil, Ants, 143;
Beetles, 261;
Diptera, 458;
Hemiptera, 542;
Thrips, 531;
Wasps, 88—see also Palaeozoic
Fossores, 7, _10_, 90 f., 346;
classification, 93
Fossorial solitary wasps—see Fossores
Founding new nests, Ants, 145 f.
Frenulum, 316, 318, 319, 400
Friederich, on Parnid larvae, 244
Friese, on habits and classification of bees, 21;
on hosts and parasites, 30 f.
Fritillaries, _352_, 354
Froghoppers, 577
Frog-spit, 577
Frontal ganglion, 320
_Fulgora candelaria_, 575
Fulgoridae, 543, 574;
larva living on, 404
Fulgorina, 543
_Fumea_, 393, 395
Fungus cultivated by ants, 167
Fungus-gnats, 462
Funnel-twister, 292
Gad-flies, 481
Gahan, J. C., on _Praogena_, 264
Galea, 309
Galerucides, _279_
Galgulidae, 562
_Galleria mettonella_, 306, 331
Galleriidae, 423
Gall-midge-flies, 461
Galls, 262, 430, 424;
of Coccidae, 598;
of Aphids and _Phylloxera_, 587;
of Psyllidae, 580;
of Thrips, 530
Ganglbauer, on Staphylinidae, 224
Garden-whites, 357
Garman, on mouth-parts of Thysanoptera, 528
_Gastropacha quercifolia_, 405
_Gastrophilus equi_, 515
_Gavara_, 401
Gelechiides, 429
Gena, 185
Generations, 306
Geometers, 411 {612}
Geometridae, _368_, 411, _416_, _420_
Geomyzidae, _504_
Georyssidae, 243
_Georyssus pygmaeus_, 243
_Geotrupes_, stridulation of, 195
Gerrides, 552
_Gerris_, 535, 552
_Ghilianella filiventris_, 555
Ghost-moths, 396
_Giraffomyia_, 505
Girdlers, 286
Glands, 321, 323, 331, 363, 399, 538, 553;
accessory, 320;
of Filippi, 324;
mandibular, 216;
salivary, 326;
silk-, 325;
stink-, 257;
wax-, 589
Glaphyrini, _195_ n.
_Glaphyroptera picta_, 441
Glaucopides, 339
Glossa, 309
_Glossina morsitans_, 512, 513
Glow-worms, 248;
New Zealand, 363
_Glyptus_, 206
Gnats, 466, 468
_Gnophaela_, 409
Gnostidae, 223
Goat-moths, 395—see also _Cossus_
Godart on trumpeter-bee, 58
Godman and Salvin, on spermathecal bodies, 321
Gold-tail moths, 407
Gonapophyses, 9, 305
Gonin, on development of wing, 328, 329
Goossens, on legs of Lepidoptera larvae, 323
_Gossyparia_, 597
Graber, on mouth of louse, 599
_Grapholitha sebastianiae_, 428
Grapholithidae, _427_
Grass-moths, 425
Grayling, 347
Green, E. E., on classification of Coccidae, 593
Green-bottles, 511
Green-fly, 581 f.
Ground-beetles, 204 f.
Ground-pearls, 592, 598—see also _Margarodes_
Grypocera, _341_
Guest-ant, 159
Gula, 185
Gymnocerata, _544_, 544 f.
Gymnodomes, 82
Gyrinidae, _201_, 215
_Gyrinus_, 215
Haase, on mimicry, 339 n.
_Hadrus lepidotus_, 482
_Haematobia serrata_, 512
_Haematomyzus elephantis_, 600
_Haematopota_, 482;
_H. pluvialis_, 483, 443
Haemoglobin, 468
_Haemonia_, 280;
_H. curtisi_, 280
_Haetera_, 348
Hag-moth, 403
Hairs, plumose or feathered, 11, 12;
of Dermestid larvae, 241—see also Setae
Half-loopers, 415
_Halias_, 410
_Halictus_, _23_;
_H. lineolatus_, 24;
_H. malachurus_, 23;
_H. maculatus_, 25;
_H. morio_, 24;
_H. quadricinctus_, 22, 25;
_H. rubicundus_, 26;
_H. sexcinctus_, 24, 269
Haliplidae, 209
_Halirytus amphibius_, 474
_Halobates_, 552;
_H. sobrinus_, 551
_Halobatodes_, 553
Halteres, 438, 448, 593
Halticides, _278_, _279_
_Hamadryas_, 347
Hammock-moth, 379
Hampson, on classification of moths, 367 f.;
on clicking butterfly, 354;
on frenulum, 316
_Hampsonia pulcherrima_, 391
Handlirsch, on _Bombus_, 58
Harpactorides, 558
Harpalides, _206_
_Harpalus_, 205;
_H. caliginosus_, 185
Harpes, 314
Hart, C. A., on larvae of Diptera, 473
Hart, J. H., on the parasol-ant, 142
Harvesting ants, 164
Hatchett Jackson, on colour of larvae, 325
Haustellata, _366_
Haustellum, 308
Hawk-moths, 380 f.
Head-vesicle, 442
Hearing, organs of, 191, 313
Heath-butterfly, _347_
Hebridae, 551
_Hebrus_, 551
_Hecatesia_, 371
Heerwurm, 464
Heliconiidae, _346_
Heliconiides, 351
_Heliconius_, 346;
_H. erato_, _H. melpomene_, _H. rhea_, 351
_Heliothis armigera_, 416
_Helluodes taprobanae_, 206
_Helochares_, 218
_Helodes_, 255
Helomyzidae, _504_
_Helopeltis_, 561
Helotidae, 235
_Hemaris_, 383
_Hemerodromia_, 493
_Hemidiptera haeckeli_, 553
Hemi-elytra, 539
Hemileucidae, 374
Hemiptera, 532 f.
Henicocephalidae, 554 {613}
Hepialidae, 306, _369_, 396 f.
_Hepialus_, 309, 310, 311, 317, 319, 322;
_H. humuli_ and others, 396 f.;
_H. lupulinus_, 397
Heredity, 454
_Heriades_, _35_
_Hermatobates haddoni_, 553
_Hermetia_, 479
Hesperiidae, _341_, _342_, 363
Hessian fly, 452, 460
_Hestia idea_, 340
Heterocera, _340_, 366, f.
Heteroceridae, _219_, 243
_Heterogenea_, 402
Heterogeneidae, 402
Heterogyna, _10_, 131 f.
Heterogynidae, _369_, 392
_Heterogynis_, 369 n., 392
Heteromera, _190_, 262 f.
Heteroneuridae, _504_
_Heteronotus trinodosus_, 576
Heteroptera, 532, 534, 535, 539, 543
Heterotarsini, _264_
_Hexatoma pellucens_, 441
Heylaerts, on Psychidae, 392
Hibernation, of _Vanessa_, 352
_Hilara_, 493
_Hilbrides_, 405
Hill-ant, see _Formica rufa_
Hill-grub, 417
Himantopteridae, 392
_Himera pennaria_, 411
_Hippobosca equina_, 518
Hippoboscidae, 518
Hippopsini, 288
_Hirmoneura obscura_, 485
_Hispa_,282
Hispides, _279_, 282
Histeridae, 230
_Histia_, 391
Histoblasts, 453
Histolysis, 452, 595
Hockings, on stingless bees, 63
Hoffer, on _Bombus_, 54
Hollandiidae, 396
_Hololepta_, 230
Holometopa, _504_
Holoptic, 440
Holoptilides, 557
_Holymenia_, 547
Homoeochromatism, 337, 351
_Homoeoderus mellyi_, 193
Homomorpha, 542
Homophysinae, 421
Homoptera, 532, 534, 535, 543, 544;
parasite of, 303, 497
Honey, 18, 80
Honey-ant, 152
Honey-bee—see _Apis mellifica_
Honey-dew, 580, 589, 597
Hook-tips, 400
_Hoplopus_, 74
Horn, G. H., on classification of Carabidae, 206;
of Silphidae, 223
Horn, W., on classification of Cicindelidae, 202 n.
Hornet, 81, 87
Hornet's-nest beetle, 227
Horns as food, 430
Horse bot-fly, 515
Horse-flies, 481, 518
Hot springs, Insects in, 479
House-fly, 511
Hover-flies, 498
Hubbard, on ambrosia-beetles, 295;
on _Phobetron_, 403;
on _Xenos_, 303
Huxley, on Aphids, 585, 589;
on sclerites of oesophagus, 15
_Hybocampa milhauseri_, 385
Hybotinae, 492
_Hydnophytum_, 139;
_H. montanum_, 138
_Hydrocampa nymphaeata_, 421
Hydrocampidae, _42l_
Hydrocampinae, 421
Hydrocores, 562
Hydrocorisae, 562
_Hydrocyphon deflexicollis_, 255
_Hydrometra_, _552_;
_H. stagnorum_, 551
Hydrometridae, 551
Hydrophilidae, 216 f.
Hydrophilides, _219_
_Hydrophilus piceus_, 217
Hydroporides, 201
_Hydroporus_, 211, 212
Hydroscaphidae, 228
_Hydrous caraboides_, 218
_Hygrobia_, 208
_Hylecoetus dermestoides_, 255
_Hylemyia strigosa_, 506
_Hymenitis_, 346
Hymenoptera Aculeate, 4 f.;
H. Tubulifera, 1 f.
Hyper-metamorphosis, 270, 488
Hypertely, in _Kallima_, 354
_Hyphydrus_, 212
Hypnody, 489
_Hypocephalus armatus_, 288
Hypochlorite of potash, 368 n.
_Hypoderma bovis_, _H. lineata_, 515
_Hyponomeuta_, parasite of, 70 n.
Hypopharyngeal sclerites, 14, 17
Hypopharynx, 15 n., 324, 443, 524, 600
Hypopygium, 446
Hypsidae, _370_, 408
_Hypsoides radama_, 376
_Hystrichopsylla talpae_, 523
_Idia fasciata_, 513
_Idolothrips spectrum_, 527
Imaginal discs or folds, 596
Imbauba ant, 158
Individual, 585
Inedible associations, 338, 339
Infericornia, 548 {614}
Infra-oesophageal ganglion, 541
Inquilines, 30, 81
Insects as food, 417, 504, 568
Instars, of _Aspidiotus_, 596;
of Coccidae, 595;
of _Epicauta_, 271
Instinct, 235, 274, 373, 403, 424, 487, 546;
of Ants, 590;
of _Bembex_, 121;
of _Chalicodoma_, 37;
of _Dasypoda_, 28;
of _Melipona_, 64;
of _Miltogramma_ and _Bembex_, 509;
of _Odynerus_, 76;
of _Osmia_, 48 f.;
of _Pompilus_, 102;
of _Rhynchites_, 292;
of _Trigona_, 64
Internal anatomy, of Diptera, 449;
of _Hepialus_, 400;
of Hemiptera, 540;
of Lepidoptera, 319 f.;
of larva of Lepidoptera, 324;
of Lice, 600
Internal nervures, 318
Iodine, 213
Ipides, 232
Ischium, 523
_Ischnogaster_, 82, 88;
_I. mellyi_, 87
Isoderminae, 550
Isomera, _190_
Issides, _576_
_Ithomia_, 346;
_I. pusio_, 346
Ithomiides, 346, 351
_Ituna_, _346_
_Ityraea nigrocincta_, 576
Jassidae, 578
Jiga, or "mimic me," 92
Johnston's organ, 442
Jordan, on antennae of butterflies, 341 n.;
on Thysanoptera, 529 f.
Jugatae, _366_
Jugum, 316, 400
_Jugurthia_, _89_
_Julodis_, 262
Jumping-beans, 428
_Kallima_, 353
Karbi, 63
Kellogg, on Lepidopterous structure, 307 f.
Kentish glory, 406
_Kermes_, 597
Knot-horns, 424
_Komarovia victoriosa_, 99
Koo-chah-bee, 504
Kootchar, 63
_Koptorthosoma_, 70 n.
Korschelt, on formation of eggs of _Nepa_, 564
Künckel d'Herculais, on _Volucella_, 501
Kungu cake, 467
Laap Insects, 581
Labella, 443
_Labidus_, _175_, 176, 180
Labium of Lepidoptera, 310
Laboulbène, on sound-production by Arctiidae, 410
Lac, 597
Lacinia, 309
Laciniata, _366_, 434
_Lacon murinus_, 257
_Lacosoma chiridota_, 378
Lady-birds, 237
_Lagoa opercularis_, 404
Lagoidae, 404
_Lagria hirta_, 264
Lagriidae, 264
Lake, colour, 597
Lamellicornia, _190_ f.;
enemies of, 97
Lamiides, _287_, 288
Lamprosomides, _279_
Lampyrides, 248
_Lampyris noctiluca_, 250
_Langelandia anophthalma_, 233
Languriides, 237
Lantern-flies, 575
Laparosticti, _195_ n.
_Laphria_, 492
Lapidicolous beetles, 205
Lappet-moth, 405
_Laricobius_, 253
_Larra anathema_, 117;
_L. pompiliformis_, 117
_Larrada_, 117;
_L. modesta_, 118
Larrides, 116 f.
Larvae, of beetles, 188 f., 188;
of _Chrysis_, 3;
of _Dasypoda_, 28;
of Hymenoptera, 7;
of Lepidoptera, 323;
of _Sphex_, 109
Lasiocampidae, _369_, 375, 405
_Lasiorhynchus barbicornis_, 297
_Lasius alienus_, 140;
founding nest, 146;
_L. fuliginosus_, 138, 153;
_L. niger_, 153
Latridiidae, 240
_Latridius minutus_, 240
Latter, O., on Puss-moth, 384
Leaf-cutting ants, 165 f.
Leaf-nests (ants), 155
_Lecanium hesperidum_, 594;
_L. oleae_, 417;
_L. persicae_, 597
_Ledra_, 545, _578_
Legs, abdominal, 9
_Leistus spinibarbis_, 204
_Lema melanopa_, 281
Lemoniidae, 354
Léon, on _Hemidiptera_, 553
Lepidoptera, 304 f.;
L. Haustellata, L. Laciniata, _366_
_Leptalis_, 346, 357
Leptidae, 479
Leptinidae, 220
_Leptinillus_, 221
_Leptinus testaceus_, 220
_Leptis scolopacea_, 441, 481
_Leptocircus_, 362
Leptoderini, 221
_Leptogenys_, 171;
_L. falcigera_, 171
_Leptomastax_, 223
_Leptothorax acervorum_, 161
Lerp Insects, 581
_Leto_, 397; {615}
_L. venus_, 396
_Leucania unipunctata_, 416
Leuckart, on _Melophagus_, 519
_Leucospis_, 46;
_L. gigas_, 44
Leuthner, on _Odontolabis_, 193
_Libythea_, _342_
Libytheides, 355
Lice, 599 f.
Ligula, 16
_Limacodes_, 489
Limacodidae _370_, 401;
parasite of, 4
_Limnas chrysippus_, 345
Limnichides, 242
_Limnobia intermedia_, 472
Limnobiinae, 472
_Limochores taumas_, 340
_Limothrips denticornis_, 530
Lindeman, on injuries from Thrips, 530
Lingua, 16
Lingula, 15
_Liometopum microcephalum_, 158
_Lipara lucens_, 128, 451
Liparidae, 406
_Liponeura brevirostris_, 465
Liponeuridae, 464
_Lipoptena cervi_, 518
_Liptena_, 356
Lipteninae, 356
_Lita solanella_, 430
_Lithophilus_, 239
Lithosiidae, 408
Lithosiinae, 409
_Llaveia axinus_, 598
Lobster, 383;
Lobster-moth, 385
_Loepa newara_, 374
_Lohita grandis_, 549
_Lomaptera_, 200
_Lomechusa_, 142, 225
Lonchaeidae, _504_
Lonchopteridae, 490
Longevity, 33, 135, 286, 306;
of _Cicada_, 569;
of _Melolontha_, 198;
of _Scarabaeus_, 197
Longicorns, 285
Loopers, 411, 415
Lorum, 14, 14, 16
Lowne, on blow-fly, 449;
on foot of _Dytiscus_, 211
Lucanidae, 193
_Lucanus cervus_, 194;
antenna of, 191
Luciferase, Luciferine, 259
_Lucilia_, 511, 512;
_L. caesar_, _L. macellaria_, _L. sericata_, 512
_Luciola_, 249;
_L. italica_, 249
_Ludia delegorguei_, 373
Luminescence, 250, 258 f., 463, 469
Lunula, 442
Lutz, on exudation of Coccinellidae, 238
_Lycaena baetica_, 356
Lycaenidae, _341_, _355_, 356
Lycides, _248_
_Lycorea_, 346
Lyctides, _246_
Lygaeidae, 548
Lymantriidae, _370_, 406
_Lymexylon navale_, 254
Lymexylonidae, 254
Lyonnet, on anatomy of caterpillar, 324 n.
_Machaerota guttigera_, 578
M‘Cook, on honey-tub ants, 152
_Macrocneme_, 389
Macroglossini, 380
Macrolepidoptera, 340
_Macronychus quadrituberculatus_, 244
_Macrotoma heros_, 287
Maggot, 449
Malachiidae, 252
_Malachius aeneus_, 252
Malacodermidae, 248, _252_, 266
Malaxation, 110, 126
Malpighian tubes, 320, 334, 429, 449, 460, 466, 473, 529, 540, 588
_Mamillo curtisea_, 378
Man—see Manna
Mandibles, of Lepidoptera, 308;
of pupa, 436, 437
Mandibulata, 434, 536
Manna, 597
Manson, on Mosquitoes, 468
_Manticora maxillosa_, 203;
_M. tuberculata_, 202
_Marane_, 377
Marbled-white, _347_
Marchal, on embryonic dissociation, 70 n.;
on _Ammophila_, 111;
on pigments, 334
_Margarodes_, 595, 597, 598;
_M. vitis_, 598
Marimbouda da casa, 118
_Maruina_, 471
Masaridae, 88 f.
_Masaris_, 89;
_M. vespiformis_, 88, 89
Mason-bee, 35 f.—see _Chalicodoma_;
of New Zealand, 107
_Mastigus_, 223
Matthews, on Hydroscaphidae and Corylophidae, 228;
on Sphaeriidae, 227
Maxillae, of Lepidoptera, 309
Mayer, Paul, on Hemiptera, 536
Meadow-brown, _347_
Meal-worm, 263, 264
Mealy-bugs, 592
Mechanitidae, _346_
_Medeterus ambiguus_, 493
Median nervure, 318
_Megacephala_, 201
_Megachile_, _35_, 51;
_M. albocincta_, 52, 53;
_M. anthracina_, 52;
_M. fasciculata_, 52;
_M. lanata_, 53;
_M. proxima_, 53
Megalopides, _279_, 282
Megalopygidae, 404
_Megalybus gracilis_, 490
_Meganostoma_, 543
_Megarrhina_, 445, 467
Megascelides, _279
Megasoma_, 199 {616}
_Megathymus_, 371
_Megistorhynchus longirostris_, 485
Meijere, on stigmata, 450
Meinert, on Anoplura, 600;
on mouth of Diptera, 444;
on paedogenesis, 461;
on _Stylops_, 302
Melandryidae, 265
Melanism, 414
_Melanitis_, 351
_Melanophila decostigma_, 261
_Melecta_, 31, 33;
_M. luctuosa_, 31
_Meliboeus_, larva, 355
_Meligethes_, 232
_Melinaea_, 351
_Melipona_, _53_, 62;
_M. scutellaris_, 64
_Melitaea_, larvae, 354
Mellifera, 10
_Mellinus_, 123;
_M. arvenis_, 123, 124;
_M. sabulosus_, 124
_Meloe_, 33, 274
Meloidae, 269
Meloides, _270_
_Melolontha vulgaris_, 194, 198
Melolonthides, _195_, 198
_Melophagus ovinus_, 518, 519
_Melophorus inflatus_, 153
Melyridae, 252
Membracidae, 576, _578_
_Membracis foliata_, 577 n.
Membrane, of Hemiptera, 539
Menorhynchous, 542
_Merodon equestris_, 501
Merrifield, temperature experiments, 337
Mesodont, 193
Mesophragma, 312, 445
Mesoscutellum, 312
Mesoscutum, 311
Mesosternum, 307
_Mesovelia_, 551
Mesozoic beetles, 261
_Messor_, 164
_Metamorpha_, _351_
Metamorphosis, 529;
of Aleurodidae, 591;
of _Cicada_, 571;
of Coccidae, 594 f.;
of Diptera, 452;
of Hemiptera, 542
Metapneustic, 450
Metascutellum, 313
_Methoca ichneumonides_, 96
Metochy, 183
_Metoecus paradoxus_, 268
Meyrick, classification of Lepidoptera, 367
_Miastor_, 461
Mice, insects in nests of, 221
_Microdon_, 501, 502
Microlepidoptera, _340_, 427;
trophi, 309
Micropezidae, 504
Microphysides, 560
Microptera, _224_
Micropterism, 549
Micropterygidae, _369_, 435
_Micropteryx_, 307 f., 317, 319, 327, _433_, 435, 436
Midge, 461, 470
Migration, Aphis-, 585
Mik, on _Hilara_, 493
Milichiidae, _504_
_Miltogramma_, 121, 508
_Mimacraea_, 356
_Mimesa bicolor_, 128
Mimesides, 127
Mimicry, 337 f.—see also Resemblance
Mines, Dipteron in, 474
_Miscophus_, 116
Models, 346
Moesa-blight, 561, 562
Mollusca, eaten by beetle-larvae, 252;
larvae mistaken for, 501—see also Snails
_Molossus_, parasite of, 560
Monarch-butterfly, 345
_Monda rhabdophora_, 393
_Monema flavescens_, 4
Moniez, on fertilisation of Coccidae, 594
_Monodontomerus nitidus_, 44
_Monohammus confusus_, 286
Monomera, _544_
Monommidae, 265
_Monomorium_, 560;
_M. pharaonis_, 163
Monotomides, 240
_Montezumia dimidiata_, nest of, 83
_Mordella_, 268
Mordellidae, 267
_Mordellistena floridensis_, 268
_Mormolyce_, 205
Mormolycides, _206_
Morphides, 348
_Morpho_, 315, 331, 349;
_M. menelaus_, 318;
_M. achilles_, _M. epistrophis_, larvae of, 349
Mosquito, 466 f.
Mosquito-bees, 61
Mosquito-blight, 562
Moth-flies, 470
Moths, 366 f.
Motuca fly, 122, 482
Mouth, absence of, 310, 443, 489, 514, 515, 585, 596
Mouth-parts, of Diptera, 442 f.;
of fleas, 523;
of Hemiptera, 534, 535;
of Hymenoptera Aculeata, 13;
of Lepidoptera, 307 f.;
of Lice, 599, 600
Mud-dauber, 113
Müggenburg, on _Melophagus_, 518
Müller, Fritz, on Imbauba-ant, 158;
on _Trigona_, 64
Müller, H., on _Dasypoda hirtipes_, 27
Müller, W., on South American larvae, 344 n.
Müllerian mimicry, 339
Mundstachel, 527, 528
Murray, A., on Lice, 601
_Musca domestica_, 511
Muscidae, 511 f., 517;
M. Acalyptratae, 503 f.;
M. Calyptratae, 448, 504
Musotimidae, 423 {617}
Mustiliidae, _376_
_Mutilla_, 94, 95;
_M. europaea_, 94
Mutillides, 94 f.
_Mycetaea hirta_, _239_, 240
Mycetaeidae, 239
_Mycetobia pallipes_, 462, 463
Mycetophagidae, 237
Mycetophilidae, 462
Mydaidae, 491
_Mygnimia_, 105
Myiasis, 512
_Myiatropa florea_, 499
_Myiodocha tipulina_, 557
Myoditini, 267
Myopinae, 497, 498
_Myrapetra_, 82
_Myrmecia_, _171_, 172, 173
_Myrmecocystus hortideorum_, 152;
_M. melliger_, 152;
_M. mexicanus_, 152
_Myrmecodia_, 139
Myrmecophilous Insects, 181 f.
_Myrmedonia_, 226
_Myrmica laevinodis_, 148;
_M. rubra_, 133;
_M. rubra_, races _ruginodis_, _scabrinodis_, 163
_Myrmicides_, 158
Myrmicini, 159
Nabides, 556
_Nabis lativentris_, 556
_Nacerdes melanura_, 266
_Naclia ancilla_, 390
Nagana, 513
Nagel, on digestion by injection, 212
_Nagoda nigricans_, 401
_Nanosella fungi_, 228
Nassonoff, on Strepsiptera, 301 n., 302
Naucoridae, 565
_Necrobia ruficollis_, 253
_Necrophorus_, 221
Nectar, 18
_Neleus interruptus_, antenna, 191
_Nematobola orthotricha_, 431
Nematodes, in Thysanoptera, 530
_Nematois metallicus_, 321
Nemeobiides, 355
_Nemeobius lucina_, 335, 355
_Nemestrina_, 455 n.
Nemestrinidae, 484
Nemocera, 440;
N. Anomala, N. Vera, 456
_Nemognatha_, 304
Nemosomides, _233_
Neocastniidae, 372
Neolepidoptera, 366
Neotropidae, _346_
_Nepa_, 541;
_N. cinerea_, 563
Nepidae, _544_, 563
_Nepticula_, 431
Nervous system, Coleoptera, 191
Nervules, 319, 429
Nervuration, of Diptera, 447;
of Lepidoptera, 317 f.
Nervures, 318, 319;
development of, 329 f.;
swollen, 347, 348;
of _Eumenes_, 73
Nests, of ants, 136 f., 155;
of _Formica fusca_ and _Solenopsis fugax_, 137;
of _Porphyraspis_, 284;
of wasps, 79 f., 79, 81, 83, 87
Netrocera, _341_ n.
Neuroblasts, 453
Newbigin, Miss, on pigments, 334
Newport, on _Meloe_, 270
Nicagini, _195_
Nicolas, on _Halictus_, 24
Nilionidae, 265
_Nitidula_, 232
Nitidulidae, 231, _235_
Noctuidae, 311, _370_, _410_, 411, 414 f.
Node, 131, 134
Nolidae, 410
Nolinae, 409
_Nomada_, 30;
_N. lathburiana_, 30;
_N. sexfasciata_, 30
Nonne, 407
Nopal cactus, 598
Nosodendrides, _242_
_Notocyrtus_, 558
Notodontidae, 305, _368_, 383
Notodontina, _411_
Notonectidae, 567
Number of species: of Apidae, 10;
of Butterflies, 343;
of Coccidae, 593;
of Coleoptera, 184;
of Diptera, 438;
of Fleas, 525;
of Hemiptera, 543;
of Lepidoptera, 306;
of Lice, 600;
of Thrips, 527
Nun, 407
Nurses, 66, 134
_Nyctalemon_, 419
Nyctemeridae, 409
Nycteolinae, 410
_Nycteribia_, 521, 522
Nycteribiidae, 521
Nymph, of _Cicada_, 569;
of Thrips, 529
Nympha inclusa, 452
Nymphalidae, 341, 343 f.
Nymphalides, 351
Nymphipara, 518
_Nymphula stagnata_, _N. stratiotata_, 423
_Nyssonides_, 123
Oak-Pruner, 286
Obtusilingues, _20_
Oceanic bugs, 552
Ocelli, 325;
O. compositi, 325
Ochthiphilidae, _504_
_Ocneria_, 407 n.;
_O. dispar_, 408
_Ocnerodes_, 489
_Ocnogyna_, 409
_Ocypus olens_, 225
_Odontolabis sinensis_, 193
Odontomachi, _171_, 173
Odour, of bugs, 541
_Odynerus_, 74 f., 269; {618}
_O. antilope_, 75;
_O. callosus_, 76;
_O. parietum_, 3;
_O. punctum_, 77;
_O. reniformis_, 73, 75;
_O. spinipes_, 3, 76
_Oecocecis guyonella_, 430
_Oecodoma_, 137, 164, 165;
_Oe. cephalotes_, 133
_Oecophylla smaragdina_, 147
Oecophoridae, 429
Oedeagus, 314 [recte aedeagus]
_Oedematopoda princeps_, 387
Oedemeridae, 266
Oestridae, 514
_Oestrus ovis_, 517
_Ogcodes_, 489, 490
Oil-beetles, 269
_Oinophila v-flavum_, 430
Olethreutidae, _427_
_Olibrus bicolor_, 231
_Oligarces_, 461
Oligonephrous, 542
Oligoneura, 461
Ommatophorinae, 414
_Oncideres_, 286
_Opetia_, 496
_Ophideres fullonica_, 311
Opomyzidae, _504_
_Opostega_, 429
Orange-tip, 357—see also _Euchloe_
_Orectochilus_, 216
_Oreta hyalodisca_, 400
Origin of parasitic bees, 32
Orneodidae, _340_, _371_, 426
_Ornithoptera_, 360;
_O. brookiana_, 362;
_O. paradisea_, 360, 361, 362
Orphnephilidae, 470
Ortalidae, _504_, _506_
_Ortalis_, 447
_Orthezia_, 541, 598
Orthogenya, _494_
_Orthogonius_, 206
_Orthoperus atomarius_, _O. brunnipes_, 228
Orthoptera, _533_;
parasite of, 497
Orthorrhapha, 454;
O. Brachycera, 478 f.;
O. Nemocera, 455, 458 f.
_Oryctes nasicornis_, 199
Oscinidae, _504_
Osmeterium, 363
_Osmia_, 47, 48 f;
enemy of, 100;
hair of, 11;
_O. cyanoxantha_, 32;
_O. leucomelana_, 29;
_O. tricornis_, 48;
_O. tridentata_, 48 f.
Osten Sacken on Bugonia, 499;
on Chaetotaxy, 446;
on classification of Diptera, 456;
summary of Portschinsky, 512
Othniidae, 265
Otiorhynchides, 437
_Ourocnemis_, 355, _356_
Ovaries, 541, 602;
in larva, 325
Oviduct, 320, 321
Oviposition, of _Cicada_, 571;
of _Notonecta_, 567;
of _Tachina_, 507
Ovipositor, 436, 506, 531, 539
Owlet-moths, 414
Ox-warbles, 517
_Oxybelus_, 129
Oxychirotinae, 425
Ozaenides, 214
_Pachypus_, 187
Packard, on Hymenopterous metamorphosis, 7
Pad, of Lepidoptera, 314
Paedogenesis, 303, 461
Pagiopoda, _544_
Palaeolepidoptera, _366_
_Palaeomicra_, 435
Palaeotropinae, _347_
Palaeozoic Insects, 311, 542
Palmer-worm, 323
Palpicornia, _219_
_Paltostoma_, 465
_Palustra_, 377
_Pangonia longirostris_, 482
_Panomoea_, 237
Panurgides, _20_
_Papilio_, 359;
_P. ajax_, forms of, 335;
_P. antimachus_, 362;
_P. zalmoxis_, 362
Papilionidae, _342_, _357_, 359
_Paracelyphus_, 505
_Paragia_, _89_
Parallel series in Aphidae, 585
_Parandra_, 288
_Parapompilus gravesii_, 105
_Paraponera clavata_, 172
_Paraponyx_, 423
Paraptera, 312
Parasites, among ants, 183;
of mason-bee, 43;
of larva of _Andrena_, 26;
of _Odynerus_, 76
Parasitic, bees, 23, 29 f.;
_Prosopis_, 32;
Diptera, 507
_Parasyscia_, _175_ n.
_Parmula_, 501
_Parnassius_, _342_, 362
Parnidae, _219_, 243, _255_
_Parnopes carnea_, 4
_Parnus_, 244
Parthenogenesis, 24, 85, 86, 395, 430, 469, 530, 583, 594
Parthenogenetic young, 139 n.
Passalidae, 192;
larva, 192, _262_
_Passaloecus_, 128
Patagia, 311, 312
Pattern, formation of, 335
_Patula_, 414
Paurometabola, 542
Paussidae, _201_, 213
_Paussus cephalotes_, etc., 214
_Pavonia_, 350
Pea-weevil, 277
Peacock butterfly, _352_
Peal, on sound-producing ant, 156
Peckham, on Fossores, 130 n.;
on instinct, 70, 99
_Pectinicornia_, _194_ {619}
_Pedicinus_, 600
Pediculidae, 599
_Pediculus capitis_, 599, 601;
_P. melittae_, 274;
_P. vestimenti_, 601
Pedilidae, _266_
Peduncle, 133, 134
_Pegomyia inanis_, 79
Pelobiidae, 207
_Pelobius tardus_, 208
Pelogonidae, 562
_Pelopaeus_, 110, 112 n.;
_P. bilineatus_, 114;
_P. laetus_, 113, 117;
_P. madraspatanus_, 113;
_P. spirifex_, 112
_Peltasticta_, 245
Peltides, 233
_Pemphigus_, 589
_Pemphredon lugubris_, 128
Pemphredonides, 127
Penis, 314
Pentamera, _190_
Pentanephria, 466
_Pentatoma_, 541;
_P. rufipes_, 535
Pentatomidae, 533, 545, _546_
_Pepsis_, 104, 389;
_P. formosus_, 105
Pérez, on bee-parasitism, 32;
on _Halictus_, 24
_Pericoma canescens_, 470
Pericopinae, 409
_Peridrepana_, 401
_Perilitus_, 282
Peripneustic, 450
Peritracheal spaces, 332, 333
Perkins, R. C. L., on bee and acarid symbiosis, 70;
on _Odynerus_, 76;
on _Prosopis_, 21
_Perophora batesi_, _P. melsheimeri_, 377;
_P. sanguinolenta_, 379
Perophoridae, 377
Perothopides, 260
Peytoureau, on morphology of abdomen, 313, 314
Phaeism, 337
Phalacridae, 231
_Phalacrocera replicata_, 474
Phaloniadae, _427_
_Phanaeus splendidulus_, antenna of, 191
Pharynx, 320
Phaudinae, 392
_Pheidole_, 165
_Pheidologeton laboriosus_, 159;
_P. diversus_, 167
_Phenax_, 575
_Phengodes hieronymi_, 249
Phengodini, 251
_Philaenus spumarius_, 577
Philanthides, 124 f.
_Philanthus apivorus_, 127;
_P. triangulum_, 125
_Phileurus didymus_, antenna, 191
_Philonthus nitidus_, 225
_Phlebotomus_, 470
_Phloea corticata_, 545
Phloeides, 545
_Phloeothrips frumentarius_, 530
_Phobetron pithecium_, 403
_Phonapate_, 246
Phoridae, 494
_Phosphaenus hemipterus_, 249
Phosphorescence, 250—see also Luminescence
Phragma, 307, 313
Phragmocyttares, 81
_Phthanocoris_, 543
Phthiriasis, 601
_Phthirius inguinalis_, 601
Phycitidae, 424
Phycodromidae, _504_
_Phyllocnistis_, 431
_Phyllomorpha laciniata_, 547, 548
_Phyllorhina_, parasite of, 520
_Phylloxera_, 587
Phylogeny of butterflies, 343 n.
Phymatidae, 554
_Phymatopus_, 399
Physapoda or Physopoda, 531
Phytomyzidae, _504_
Phytophaga, _190_, _237_, 276 f.
_Phytophthires_, _544_
Phytoscopic effects, 336
_Pierella_, 348
Pieridae, _341_, 357
_Pieris brassicae_, 340;
development of wing, 328, 329, 333
_Piesma_, 550
Pigments, 330, 334, 357
Pilifer, 308
Pill-beetles, 242
Pinaridae, 405
Piophilidae, _504_
Pipunculidae, 496
_Pipunculus_, 496
_Pison_, 118
Pit-falls, 481
_Plagiolepis trimeni_, 153
_Plagithmysus_, 287
Plant-lice, 581 f.
Plants and ants, 183
Plataspides, 545
_Platycnema_, 496
Platypezidae, 496
_Platyphora lubbocki_, 495
Platypides, 289, 295
Platypsyllidae, 219
_Platypsyllus castoris_, 219
_Platysoma depressum_, 230
Platystomidae, _504_
_Plea minutissima_, 567
Pliny, on Mason-bee, 44
_Ploiaria pallida_, 556
Plume-moths, 426
Plumules, 331
_Plusia_, 415
_Pochazia_, 576
Podilegidae, _32
Poecilocampa populi_, 406 {620}
_Poecilocapsus lineatus_, 542
Poecilocyttares, 81
_Pogonomyrmex barbatus_, 164
_Pogonostoma_, 203
Poison, of Hymenoptera, 7 f.
Poison-glands, 2
Poisonous caterpillars, 376, 403, 404, 405
_Polistes_, 86;
_P._ and _Stylops_, 301, _303_
Pollen-gathering and -carrying, 11, 12
_Polybia_, nests of, 81, 82, 83
_Polyctenes fumarius_, 560
Polyctenidae, 560
_Polyergus lucidus_, 151;
_P. rufescens_, 150 f.
Polymorpha (Coleoptera), _189_, _190_, 213 f.
Polymorphism, 139 f., 143
_Polyphylla fullo_, antenna, 191
_Polyploca_, 386
Polyplocidae, 386
_Polyplocotes_, _248_
_Polyrhachis_, 155;
_P. pandurus_, 156;
_P. spinigera_, 138
Pompilidae, 93, 101 f.
_Pompilus_, 103;
_P. polistoides_, 104;
_P. sericeus_, 106
_Ponera contracta_, _P. ergatandria_, _P. punctatissima_, 172
Ponerides, 132, 170 f.
_Porphyraspis tristis_, 284
_Porphyrophora polonica_, 597
_Porrorhynchus_, 216
Portschinsky, on habits and development of Muscidae, 507, 512
Post-metamorphic growth, 141
Post-scutellum, 307, 312
_Potamogeton pectinatus_, beetle on, 280
_Potamophilus acuminatus_, 244
Potassium hydroxide, 328, 384
Potato-beetle, 278
Pouch, abdominal, 350, 362
Poulton, on colours, 336, 339
Praecostal nervures, 319
Praescutum, 312
Pratt, on imaginal discs, 453 n.;
on _Melophagus_, 519
_Prepona_, larva, 354
Prey, of Fossores, table, 92
_Pria dulcamarae_, 232
Primitive, beetles, 251, 252;
Diptera, 475
_Priocnemis affinis_, 5;
_P. bicolor_, 107
Priodont, 193
Prionides, 287
Proboscis, 13, 14, 16, 17, 304, 307, 309, 311, 443, 482, 485, 532
Processional maggots, 464
Processionary caterpillars, 376, 408
Prodoxidae, 432;
mouth, 309
_Prodoxus_, 433
Pro-legs, 323
Prolific, Aphids, 589;
Coccids, 594;
_Hepialus_, 397;
Lice, 601;
_Meloe_, 274;
_Stylops_, 301
Prominents, 383
_Pronuba_, 321;
_P. yuccasella_, 432;
_P. synthetica_, 432
Pronymph, 453
Propodeum, 131, 133
Propolis, 63
Propygidium, 187
_Prosopis_, _21_, 22;
hair of, 11;
proboscis of, 17;
_P. signata_, 21
Protection, 43, 413;
of trees by ants, 158;
of plant by ants, 168
Proterhinidae, 298
_Proterhinus lecontei_, 298
Protolepidoptera, _336_
_Protoparce carolina_, 309
_Protopaussus_, 214
_Psammorycter vermileo_, 481
Pselaphidae, 223;
and ants, 182
_Psen atratus_, _P. concolor_, 127
_Psephenus_, 244
Pseudholoptic, 440 n.
Pseudocorylophidae, 228
_Pseudodicthadia_, 180;
_P. incerta_, 177
_Pseudodoxia limulus_, 431
_Pseudomeria graeca_, 99
Pseudomorphides, 205, _206_
_Pseudomyrma bicolor_, 168
Pseudomyrmini, 168
Pseudoneuroptera, _527_
Pseudopaedogenesis, 303
Pseudopod, 188, 264, 267, 290, 449, 492
_Pseudopontia paradoxa_, 357
Pseudo-pupa, 271, 273
Pseudotetramera, _190_
Pseudotrimera, _239_
_Pseudovespa_, 88
Pseudovarium and Pseudovum, 584
Pseudovitellus, 588
Psilidae, _504_
_Psiliglossa_, larva, 8
_Psilocephala_, 484
_Psilura monacha_, 407
_Psithyrus_, _53_, 57, 59 f.;
_P. campestris_, 60;
_P. vestalis_, 60
Psocidae, 248
_Psyche helix_, 394
Psychidae, _369_, 392
Psychina, _394_, _395_, 404
_Psychoda_, 466
Psychodidae, 470
_Psylla pyricola_, 579, 580;
_P. succincta_, 579;
_P. buxi_, 580
Psyllidae, 578
_Pterocheilus_, 76
_Pterodecta_, 400
Pterophoridae, _340_, _371_, _425_, 426
Pterophorinae, 426
_Pterostichus_, 205
Pterothysanidae, _369_, 406
Pterygodes, 312
Pterygogenea, 542
Ptilinum, 442, 503, 520
_Ptilinus pectinicornis_, 253 {621}
_Ptilocnemus sidnicus_, 557
_Ptilomacra_, 395
_Ptilomera laticaudata_, 553
Ptinidae, 246
_Ptomaphila lacrymosa_, 222
_Ptychoptera_, 466
Ptychopterinae, 472
_Ptyelus goudoti_, 577
Pugs, 411
_Pulex avium_, _P. irritans_, _P. serraticeps_, 525;
_P. obtusiceps_, 525
Pulicidae, 522 f.
_Puliciphora lucifera_, 495
Pulvillus, 446
Pupa, of beetles, 188 f.;
coarctata, 452;
obtecta, 227, 327, 451;
depositing eggs, 469;
hairy, 407, 426;
of Lepidoptera, 326 f.;
with mandibles, 436
Puparium, 452
Pupation, of _Badamia_, 365;
of _Parnassius_ and _Thais_, 363
Pupipara, 456, 513, 517
Purple emperor, 344
Pusci, 504
Puss-moth, 328, 383, 406
Pygidium, 187
Pyralidae, _340_, _370_, 420
_Pyralidina_, _420_, _426_
_Pyrameis atalanta_, 353;
_P. cardui_, 353;
_P. tameamea_, 353
Pyraustidae, 421
_Pyrochroa rubens_, 266
Pyrochroidae, 266
_Pyrophorus_, 258;
_P. noctilucus_, 259
Pyrrhocoridae, 549
_Pyrrhocoris apterus_, 535, 549
_Pyrrhopyge_, 364
Pythidae, 265
_Pytho depressus_, 266
_Quartenia_, _89_
Queen, 66, 67, 69, 140
Races, of _Apis_, 68
Radial nervures, 319
Raffray, on _Pogonostoma_, 204;
on classification of Paussidae, 214;
on classification of Pselaphidae, 224
Railway-beetle, 251
_Ranatra linearis_, 563
Raptorial legs, 493, 554, 556
Réaumur, on _Xylocopa_, 33
Receptaculum seminis, 140
Rectal cauda, 538
Red admiral, _352_
Red ant—see _Formica rufa_
Reduviidae, 555 f. 537
_Reduvius personatus_, 558
Régimbart, on Gyrinidae, 216
Resemblance, between ant, wasp, and spider, 169;
between _Anthophora_ and _Bombus_, 33;
between _Arctia villica_ and _Eusemia villicoides_, 410;
between beetle-larva and Termite, 206;
between _Bombus_ and _Eulema_, 35;
between Bombyliidae and Hymenoptera, 489;
between bug and ant, 556, 557;
bug and Tipulid, 556, 558;
bug and fly, 547;
in butterflies, 348;
between Callidulidae and Lycaenidae, 400;
between _Celyphus_ and Hemiptera, 505;
between Cleridae and insects they destroy, 254;
between Dioptinae and Ithomiides, 409;
between Diptera and Hymenoptera, 499, 500;
between _Epicopeia_ and _Papilio_, 418;
between Flatides and Lepidoptera, 576;
of flies and bees, 502;
to galls, 403;
between host and parasite-bees, 30;
between Insects of different Orders, 339;
of Ithomiides to other butterflies, 346;
between lady-bird and Endomychid, 237;
of larva to a colony of larvae, 418;
of larva of _Odynerus_ and of _Chrysis_, 4;
between larvae, 162;
in Limacodidae, 401;
of Lobster caterpillar, 385;
between Longicorns and Hymenoptera, 287;
of moth to bird-excrement, 401;
of parasite and prey, 95;
of Pericopinae and Heliconiides, 409;
between protected butterflies, 345;
between _Psithyrus_ and _Bombus_, 59;
of Reduviid and _Pepsis_, 558;
between _Rhyphus_- and _Mycetobia_-larvae, 463;
of Syntomids to other Insects, 388 f.;
of Tipulids and Hymenoptera, 475;
between two kinds of ants, 162
Resting-larva, 306
Retinaculum, 316, 319, 420
Retort-shaped bodies, in mouth of Hemiptera, 535
Reuter, E., on classification of butterflies, 343 n.
_Rhachicerus_, 480
_Rhagovelia plumbea_, 552
_Rhaphiorhynchus_, 483
_Rhegmatophila alpina_, 305, 386
_Rheumatobates bergrothi_, 553
Rhinomacerides, 291
_Rhinopsis_, 115;
_R. ruficornis_, 169
_Rhinosimus_, 266
_Rhipicera mystacina_, 256
Rhipiceridae, 256
Rhipidiini, 267
_Rhipidioptera_, 543
Rhipiphoridae, 267
Rhipiphorides, 268
Rhipiptera, 298 [in error for Rhiphiptera]
_Rhizophagus_, _232_
_Rhizotrogus_, 191
_Rhodoneura_, _405_
_Rhogmus_, 179, _180_
Rhopalocera, 340, 341 f.
_Rhopalomelus angusticollis_, 206
Rhopalomeridae, 504 {622}
_Rhopalosoma poeyi_, 100
Rhopalosomides, _100_
_Rhygchium brunneum_, _R. carnaticum_, _R. nitidulum_, _R. oculatum_, 77
_Rhynchites betulae_, 291, 292
Rhynchitides, 291
Rhynchophora, _190_, 277, 288 f.
Rhynchophorous series, _240_
_Rhynchopsylla pulex_, 526
Rhynchota, 532
Rhyphidae, 478
_Rhyphus_, 463
Rhysodidae, _201_, 234
Riley, on _Epicauta_, 270, 271;
on spermathecal bodies, 321;
on Yucca-moth, 432
_Ripidius pectinicornis_, 269
Rippe, of Schäffer, 334
Robber-flies, 491
Rose-chafers, 200
_Rosema_, 401
Rostrum, 291, 472
Rothney, on _Ampulex_, 115;
on _Sima_, 169;
on _Sphex_, 110
Rothschild, N. C., on morphology of fleas, 523 n.
Royal jelly, 66
_Rozites gongylophora_, 167
Ruby-wasps, 1 f.
Rurales, _342_
Rutelides, _195_, 198
_Saccoderes_, 558;
_S. tuberculatus_, 537
Saccus, 314
_Sagra splendida_, 279
Sagrides, _279_
_Salda_, _560_
Saldidae, _544_, 562
Salivary, duct, 320;
gland, 320
Sand-flea, 525;
-flies, 477
_Saperda populnea_, 285, 286
Sapromyzidae, _504_
_Sapyga quinquepunctata_, 100
Sapygides, 99
_Sarcophaga_, 510;
_S. carnaria_, 510
Sarcophagidae, 510
_Sarcophila magnifica_, _S. wohlfahrti_, 510
_Sarcopsylla gallinacea_, _S. penetrans_, 525
Sarginae, 479
_Saropoda_, _32_
_Sarrothripus_, 410
Sasaki, on parasite of silkworm, 508
_Saturnia_, 307, 310;
_S. pavonia_, 313, 374
Saturniidae, _368_, 372
Satyrides, 347
Sauba, or Sauva, ant, 137
Saunders, E., on feathered hairs, 11;
on proboscis of bees, 16
Saunders, Sir S., on Hymenopterous larvae, 8
Scale, 131, 133, 315, 467;
development of, 329 f.;
-formation, 333;
-holder, 331
Scale-Insects, 592 f.;
enemy of, 356, 357, 417, 425, 430
Scalpella, 443
Scape, 441
Scaphidiidae, 229
_Scaphisoma agaricinum_, 229
Scaphium, 314
Scapulae, 312
Scarabaeidae, 194 f.
Scarabaeini, 196
_Scarabaeus sacer_, 196, 197
Scatomyzidae, _504_
Scatophagidae, _504_
_Scatopse_, 477
_Sceliphron_, 112;
_S. nigripes_, 91
Scenopinidae, 484
Schäffer, on structure of wings and nervures, 330
Schiödte, on Anoplura, 599 f.;
on Hemiptera, 543
_Schistocerca peregrina_, enemy of, 506, 514
_Schizocarpus mingaudi_, 220
Schizometopa, _504_
_Schizoneura_, 589
Schizophora, 455
Schmidt-Schwedt, on _Donacia_, 280
_Schoenbergia_, 360, 361
Schoenobiinae, _425_
_Sciapteron_, 387
_Sciara militaris_, 464
Sciomyzidae, _504_
_Sciophila unimaculata_, 462
_Scolia bifasciata_, _S. haemorrhoidalis_, 97
Scoliidae, 93, 94 f.
Scoliides, 97 f.
Scolytidae, 294
Scopariidae, _421_
Scopariinae, _421_
_Scopelodes_, 401
Scopulipedes, _20_, 32 f.
Screw-worm, 512
Scudder, on butterflies, 543
Scutata or Scutati, _546_
Scutellerides, 545
_Scutelligera_, 501
Scutellum, 307, 312, 537
Scutum, 307;
S. proboscidis, 443
Scydmaenidae, 223
Scymnites, 238
_Scymnus minimus_, 238
Seasonal dimorphism or variation, 335
Seitz, on Syntomid resemblances, 388, 389
Semi-loopers, 415
Seminal duct, 321
Semi-pupa, 271
Semper, on development of wing, 333
Sense-organ, 442, 448;
thoracico-abdominal, 414;
in Uraniidae, 419
Sepsidae, _504_
_Sericaria mori_, 375
Sericteria, 325 {623}
Seroot-fly, 482
Serricornia, _189_, _213_, _255_
_Sesia_, 387;
_S. scoliaeformis_, 321
Sesiidae, 386, _388_, 370 (for Syntomidae), 389
Setae, 534 f.;
aërostatic, 408
_Setina_, 410
Seventeen-year _Cicada_, 569
Sex, differences, 92, 95;
production of, 32, 67;
in larva, 325
Sexuparous, 586
Sharp, on classification of Dytiscidae, 213 n.
Sheep, bot-fly, 517;
-tick, 518
Shield, 592
Shoulder, -lappets, 312;
-tufts, 312;
of wing, 316, 319
_Siagona_, 206
Siculodidae, 423
Siebold, von, on Strepsiptera, 301
_Sigara minutissima_, 568
Sight, of _Pompilus_, 104
Silk-glands, 325
Silkworm, 375;
affected by parasitic fly, 507, 508;
Madagascar-, 405
_Silpha_, 221;
_Silpha atrata_, _S. laevigata_, _S. lapponica_, 222;
_S. obscura_, 222;
_S. opaca_, _S. thoracica_, 222
Silphidae, 221 f., _252_, _256_
_Sima_, _168_;
_S. leviceps_, stridulating organ, _169_;
_S. rufonigra_, 169
Simuliidae, 477
_Simulium columbaczense_, 477
_Sinodendron cylindricum_, 194
Siphon, 563, 581, 589
Siphonaptera, 522 f.
Siphonophora, 239
Siphunculata, 600
_Sitaris_, 33;
_S. humeralis_, 272
_Sitodrepa_, 247
Skippers, 363
Slave-making ant, 149, 150, 163
Sloth, 430
Slug-worms, 402
Smallest Insect, 228
Smerinthini, 380
_Smerinthus populi_, 309, 381
Smith, F., on _Mellinus arvensis_, 123
Snails, enemies of, 205, 222, 510;
parasite of, 495
Social, bees, 35;
wasps, 78, 84
Sociales, _20_, 53 f.
_Solanum dulcamara_, beetle on, 232
Soldiers, 132
Soldier-ant, 150
_Solenobia_, 395, 430
_Solenopsis fugax_, 137
Solitary wasps—see Fossores and Eumenidae
Song, of _Cicada_, 572
_Soronia_, 232
Sound-organs, 448;
of _Ageronia_, 354;
of _Hecatesia_, 371;
of _Cicada_, 573, 574—see also stridulating organs
Sound-production, 155, 156;
by _Aegocera_, 411;
by Arctiidae, 410;
by Sphingidae, 382—see also Stridulation
Spalacopsini, 288
Spatula, 459
Spencer, Herbert, on Weismann, 143
_Spercheus emarginatus_, 218, 219
Spermatheca, 320, 321
_Spermophila_, 506
Sphaeridiides, _219_
Sphaeriidae, 227
_Sphaerites_, _223_
Sphaeritides, 229
_Sphaerius acaroides_, 227
Sphaerocarides, 279
_Sphecia_, 387
_Sphecius speciosus_, 123
_Sphecodes_, _21_, 22;
_S. gibbus_, 23, 23;
_S. rubicundus_, 22;
_S. subquadratus_, 23
Sphegidae, 93, 107 f.
Sphegides, 107 f.
_Sphex coeruleus_, 110;
_S. flavipennis_, 108;
_S. lobatus_, 110;
_S. maxillosus_, 108
Sphindidae, 245
Sphingidae, 309, 315, 316, _368_, 380 f.
_Sphinx ligustri_, 380
Spider parasite, 490
_Spilosoma_, 408
Spinneret, 324, 325, 403, 417
_Spirachtha_, 227
Spiracles, 188, 191;
of Diptera, 449 f.;
of Hippoboscidae, 519;
of Lepidoptera, 313, 314;
of _Lipara_, 451;
of _Nepa_, 564;
of Thrips, 528
_Spondyliaspis_, 581
Spondylidae, 288
Springing plant-lice, 579
Spuler, on nervures, 317 n.
Squama, 448
Squeakers, 209
_Staetherinia_, 401
Stag-beetles, 193
Stalk, 317, 319
Staphylinidae, _223_, 224 f.
Staudinger, Schatz and Röber, on butterflies, 343 n.
_Stauronotus maroccanus_, 489
_Stauropus fagi_, 385
_Stelis minuta_, 29;
_S. nasuta_, 30, 43;
_S. signata_, 30
Stelocyttares, 81
_Stenamma westwoodi_, _159_
_Stenopteryx hirundinis_, 519
_Stephostethus_, 240
Sternorhyncha, _544_
_Sterrhopteryx_, 394
Stethopathidae, 496
Stigmata—see Spiracles
_Stigmatomma_, _180_
_Stigmus pendulus_, 128
Sting, 4, 5, 6, 58, 144; {624}
development of, 8, 9
Stinging, 98;
by _Calicurgus_, 102;
by Pompilidae, 104;
by _Sphex_, 109
Stingless bees, 61
Stink-gland, 257, 533;
-vessel, 225
Stipes, 309
Stizinae, 123
Stomach, 320
_Stomoxys calcitrans_, 512
Stratiomyidae, 478
_Stratiomys_, 452
Straus-Durckheim, on _Melolontha_, 198
Strawberries, eaten by beetles, 205
Streblidae, 521
Strepsiptera, _189_, 298 f.
_Streptoperas_, 401
Stridulating organ, of _Myrmica_, 133;
of _Heterocerus_, 243;
of _Passalus_-larva, 192;
of _Sima leviceps_, 169
Stridulation, of ants, 134;
of _Corixa_, 568;
of Criocerides, 281;
of Dynastides, 199;
of _Geotrupes_, 195;
of Ipides, 232;
of _Lomaptera_, 200;
of Longicorns, 287;
of larva of _Lucanus cervus_, 194;
of Megalopides, 282;
of _Melolontha_-larva, 198;
of _Mutilla_, 94;
of _Pelobius_, 208;
of _Phonapate_, 246;
of _Phyllomorpha_, 548;
of _Praogena_, 264;
of _Siagona_, 206;
of _Trox_, 195
Strigil, 568
Striphnopterygidae, _376_
_Strongylognathus huberi_, _S. testaceus_, 162
_Strumigenys_, 170
Style, 442
Stylopidae, 298
Stylopised bees, 26
_Stylops dalii_, 299
_Styx infernalis_, 340, 358
_Suana_, 405
Subcostal nervure, 318
Submedian nervure, 318
Suboesophageal ganglion, 320
Sucking-stomach, 311, 449
Suction by Lepidoptera, 311
Suctoria, 526
Supericornia, 546
Swallow-flies, 519
Swarming of wasps, 70 n.
Swarms, 62, 65, 67, 80, 135, 467, 505, 584
Swift-moths, 396
Symbiosis, of ants and plants, 139;
of bee and Acarid, 70.
See also Ants'-nest Insects, and Association
_Symbius blattarum_, 269
Symphily, 183
Synecthry, 183
_Synemon_, 371
_Synoeca cyanea_, nest, 82
_Syntelia westwoodi_, 229
Synteliidae, 229
Syntomidae, 339 n., _369_, 388
_Syntomis phegea_, 390
Syringe, 535, 536
Syrphidae, 439, 498 f.
_Systoechus oreas_, 489
_Systropus crudelis_, 489