inner house of twenty cubits [every way] to be the most secret chamber,
but he appointed that of forty cubits to be the sanctuary." VIII. III.
3.
[Sidenote: Altar of burnt offerings.]
"Solomon made the altar which he built for the burnt-offerings twenty
cubits long, twenty broad, and ten high." VIII. III. 7.
[Sidenote: Size of the stones.]
"Some of these [houses] Solomon built with stones of ten cubits." VIII.
V. 2.
[Sidenote: Solomon increases the fortifications of Jerusalem.]
"Now when the king saw that the walls of Jerusalem stood in need of
being better secured, and made stronger (for he thought the walls that
encompassed Jerusalem ought to correspond to the dignity of the city),
he both repaired them, and made them higher, with great towers upon
them." VIII. VI. 1.
[Sidenote: Jeroboam.]
"And when Solomon saw that he was of an active and bold disposition, he
made him the curator of the walls which he built round Jerusalem." VIII.
VII. 7.
[Sidenote: Solomon interred at Jerusalem.]
"So Solomon died when he was already an old man, having reigned eighty
years, and lived ninety-four. He was buried in Jerusalem." VIII. VII. 8.
[Sidenote: The Egyptian king Shishak at Jerusalem.]
"So when Shishak had taken the city without fighting, because Rehoboam
was afraid, and received him into it, yet did not Shishak stand to the
covenants he had made, but he spoiled the temple, and emptied the
treasures of God, and those of the king, and carried off innumerable ten
thousands of gold and silver, and left nothing at all behind him." VIII.
X. 3.
[Sidenote: Destruction of Sennacherib's army.]
"Now when Sennacherib was returning from his Egyptian war to Jerusalem,
he found his army, under Rabshakeh his general, in danger [by a plague,
for] God had sent a pestilential distemper upon his army; and on the
very first night of the siege a hundred fourscore and five thousand,
with their captains and generals, were destroyed." X. I. 5.
[Sidenote: Nebuchadnezzar burns the temple.]
"And when he had carried these off, he set fire to the temple in the
fifth month, the first day of the month, in the eleventh year of the
reign of Zedekiah, and in the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar; he also
burnt the King's palace, and overthrew the city. Now the temple was
burnt four hundred and seventy years, six months, and ten days after it
was built." X. VIII. 5.
[Sidenote: Alexander the Great at Jerusalem.]
"Now Alexander, when he had taken Gaza, made haste to go up to
Jerusalem; and Jaddua, the high-priest, when he heard that, was in an
agony and under terror." XI. VIII. 4.
[Sidenote: Sapha.]
"It reached to a place called Sapha, which name, translated into Greek,
signifies a prospect; for you have thence a prospect both of Jerusalem
and of the temple." XI. VIII. 5.
[Sidenote: Ptolemy, son of Lagus, at Jerusalem.]
"Syria, by the means of Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, underwent the reverse
of that denomination of Saviour which he then had. He also seized upon
Jerusalem, and for that end made use of deceit and treachery; for he
came into the city on a sabbath-day, as if he would offer sacrifices."
XII. I. 1.
[Sidenote: Antiochus Epiphanes at Jerusalem.]
"King Antiochus returning out of Egypt, for fear of the Romans, made an
expedition against the city Jerusalem; and when he was there, in the
hundred forty and third year of the kingdom of the Seleucidæ, he took
the city without fighting, those of his own party opening the gates to
him. And when he had gotten possession of Jerusalem, he slew many of the
opposite party; and when he had plundered it of a great deal of money,
he returned to Antioch." XII. V. 3.
[Sidenote: Cruelty of Antiochus, who builds the citadel in the lower
part of the city.]
"And when he had pillaged the whole city, some of the inhabitants he
slew, and some he carried captive, together with their wives and
children, so that the multitude of those captives that were taken alive
amounted to about ten thousand. He also burnt down the finest buildings;
and when he had overthrown the city-walls, he built a citadel in the
lower part of the city; for the place was high, and overlooked the
temple, on which account he fortified it with high walls and towers; and
put into it a garrison of Macedonians." XII. V. 4.
[Sidenote: Mattathias.]
"Now this Mattathias lamented to his children the sad state of their
affairs, and the ravage made in the city, and the plundering of the
temple, and the calamities the multitude were under; and he told them
that it was better for them to die for the laws of their country than
to live so ingloriously as they then did." XII. VI. 1.
[Sidenote: Judas repairs the walls of Jerusalem.]
"Judas also rebuilt the walls round about the city, and reared towers of
great height against the incursions of enemies, and set guards therein."
XII. VII. 7.
[Sidenote: Simon, master of the citadel of Jerusalem, razes it with the
ground.]
"He also took the citadel of Jerusalem by siege, and cast it down to the
ground, that it might not be any more a place of refuge to their enemies
when they took it, to do them mischief, as it had been till now. And
when he had done this, he thought it their best way, and most for their
advantage, to level the very mountain itself upon which the citadel
happened to stand, that so the temple might be higher than it." XIII.
VI. 7.
[Sidenote: Hyrcanus opens the tomb of David.]
"But Hyrcanus opened the sepulchre of David, who excelled all other
kings in riches, and took out of it three thousand talents. He was also
the first of the Jews that, relying on his wealth, maintained foreign
troops." XIII. VIII. 4.
[Sidenote: Aristobulus causes the death of Antigonus.]
"Aristobulus yielded to these imputations, but took care both that his
brother should not suspect him, and that he himself might not run the
hazard of his own safety; so he ordered his guards to lie in a certain
place that was underground, and dark, (he himself then lying sick in the
tower which was called Antonia)." XIII. XI. 2.
[Sidenote: Antigonus killed in the tower of Strato.]
"So Antigonus, suspecting no treachery, but depending on the good-will
of his brother, came to Aristobulus armed, as he used to be, with his
entire armour, in order to show it to him; but when he was come to a
place which was called Strato's Tower, where the passage happened to be
exceeding dark, the guards slew him." XIII. XI. 2.
[Sidenote: Pompeius approaches Jerusalem.]
"At this Pompeius was very angry, and put Aristobulus into prison, and
came himself to the city, which was strong on every side, excepting the
north, which was not so well fortified, for there was a broad and deep
ditch that encompassed the city, and included within it the temple,
which was itself encompassed with a very strong stone wall." XIV. IV. 1.
[Sidenote: Pompeius pitches his camp on the north side of the temple.]
"Pompeius pitched his camp within [the wall], on the north part of the
temple, where it was most practicable; but even on that side there were
great towers, and a ditch had been dug, and a deep valley begirt it
round about, for on the parts towards the city were precipices, and the
bridge on which Pompeius had gotten in was broken down." XIV. IV. 2.
[Sidenote: Aristobulus interred in the tomb of the kings.]
"His dead body also lay, for a good while, embalmed in honey, till
Antonius afterward sent it to Judea, and caused him to be buried in the
royal sepulchre." XIV. VII. 4.
[Sidenote: Troops of Herod and Sosius.]
"And they all met together at the walls of Jerusalem, and encamped at
the north wall of the city, being now an army of eleven legions, armed
men on foot, and six thousand horsemen, with other auxiliaries out of
Syria." XIV. XVI. 1.
[Sidenote: Herod's siege.]
"The first wall was taken in forty days, and the second in fifteen more,
when some of the cloisters that were about the temple were burnt, which
Herod gave out to have been burnt by Antigonus, in order to expose him
to the hatred of the Jews. And when the outer court of the temple, and
the lower city, were taken, the Jews fled into the inner court of the
temple, and into the upper city." XIV. XVI. 2.
[Sidenote: Herod's theatre, amphitheatre.]
"He built a theatre at Jerusalem, as also a very great amphitheatre in
the plain." XV. VIII. 1.
[Sidenote: Herod's two fortresses.]
"He had now the city fortified by the palace in which he lived and by
the temple which had a strong fortress by it, called Antonia." XV. VIII.
5.
[Sidenote: Dimensions of Herod's temple.]
"So Herod took away the old foundations, and laid others, and erected
the temple upon them, being in length a hundred cubits, and in height
twenty additional cubits, which [twenty], upon the sinking of their
foundations, fell down; and this part it was that we resolved to raise
again in the days of Nero. Now the temple was built of stones that were
white and strong, and each of their length was twenty-five cubits, their
height was eight, and their breadth about twelve." XV. XI. 3.
[Sidenote: Tower of Baris, afterwards called Antonia.]
"Now on the north side [of the temple] was built a citadel, whose walls
were square, and strong, and of extraordinary firmness. This citadel was
built by the kings of the Asamonean race, who were also high-priests
before Herod, and they called it the Tower." XV. XI. 4.
[Sidenote: Tower Antonia.]
"... when Herod the king of the Jews had fortified it more firmly than
before, in order to secure and guard the temple, he gratified Antonius,
who was his friend and the Roman ruler, and then gave it the name of the
Tower of Antonia." XV. XI. 4.
[Sidenote: Four gates to the north of the temple-enclosure.]
"Now in the western quarters of the enclosure of the temple there were
four gates; the first led to the king's palace, and went to a passage
over the intermediate valley; two more led to the suburbs of the city;
and the last led to the other city, where the road descended down into
the valley by a great number of steps, and thence up again by the
ascent; for the city lay over against the temple in the manner of a
theatre, and was encompassed with a deep valley along the entire south
quarter." XV. XI. 5.
[Sidenote: Herod's subterranean gallery from the Antonia tower to the
eastern gate.]
"There was also an occult passage built for the king; it led from
Antonia to the inner temple, at its eastern gate; over which he also
erected for himself a tower, that he might have the opportunity of a
subterraneous ascent to the temple, in order to guard against any
sedition which might be made by the people against their kings." XV. XI.
7.
[Sidenote: Herod opens the tomb of David.]
"... he had a great while an intention to make the attempt; and at this
time he opened that sepulchre by night and went into it, and endeavoured
that it should not be at all known in the city, but took only his most
faithful friends with him. As for any money, he found none, as Hyrcanus
had done, but that furniture of gold, and those precious goods that were
laid up there; all which he took away. However, he had a great desire to
make a more diligent search, and to go farther in, even as far as the
very bodies of David and Solomon; where two of his guards were slain by
a flame that burst out upon those that went in, as the report was. So he
was terribly affrighted, and went out, and built a propitiatory monument
of that fright he had been in; and this of white stone, at the mouth of
the sepulchre, and at a great expense also." XVI. VII. 1.
[Sidenote: Pilate constructs acqueducts.]
"But Pilate undertook to bring a current of water to Jerusalem, and did
it with the sacred money, and derived the origin of the stream from the
distance of two hundred furlongs. However, the Jews were not pleased
with what had been done about this water; and many ten thousands of the
people got together and made a clamour against him, and insisted that he
should leave off that design." XVIII. III. 2.
[Sidenote: Jesus Christ.]
"Now, there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to
call him a man, for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such
men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of
the Jews, and many of the Gentiles. He was [the] Christ. And when
Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned
him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him;
for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine
prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things
concerning him. And the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not
extinct at this day." XVIII. III. 3.
[Sidenote: King Agrippa begins to fortify Jerusalem, but is prevented
from proceeding by Claudius.]
"As for the walls of Jerusalem, that were adjoining to the new city
[Bezetha], he repaired them at the expense of the public, and built them
wider in breadth, and higher in altitude; and he had made them too
strong for all human power to demolish, unless Marcus, the then
president of Syria, had by letter informed Claudius Cæsar of what he was
doing. And when Claudius had some suspicion of attempts for innovation,
he sent to Agrippa to leave off the building of those walls presently.
So he obeyed; as not thinking it proper to contradict Claudius." XIX.
VII. 2.
[Sidenote: Pyramids of Helena three furlongs from the city.]
"But Monobazus sent her bones, as well as those of Izates, his brother,
to Jerusalem, and gave order that they should be buried at the pyramids
which their mother had erected; they were three in number, and distant
no more than three furlongs from the city of Jerusalem." XX. IV. 3.
[Sidenote: Agrippa's palace, whence could be seen all that passed in the
temple.]
"About the same time king Agrippa built himself a very large dining-room
in the royal palace at Jerusalem, near to the portico. Now this palace
had been erected of old by the children of Asamoneus, and was situated
upon an elevation, and afforded a most delightful prospect to those that
had a mind to take a view of the city, which prospect was desired by the
king; and there he could lie down and eat, and thence observe what was
done in the temple: which thing, when the chief men of Jerusalem saw,
they were very much displeased at it; for it was not agreeable to the
institutions of our country or law, that what was done in the temple
should be viewed by others, especially what belonged to the sacrifices.
They therefore erected a wall upon the uppermost building which belonged
to the inner court of the temple towards the west, which wall, when it
was built, did not only intercept the prospect of the dining-room in the
palace, but also of the western cloisters that belonged to the outer
court of the temple also, where it was that the Romans kept guards for
the temple at the festivals." XX. VIII. 11.
[Sidenote: The younger Ananus, high-priest, puts S. James to death.]
"Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled
the Sanhedrim of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus,
who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others [or some of
his companions] and when he had formed an accusation against them as
breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned." XX. IX. 1.
[Sidenote: King Agrippa refuses to rebuild the eastern gate of the
temple.]
"... so they [the people] persuaded him to rebuild the eastern
cloisters. These cloisters belonged to the outer court, and were
situated in a deep valley, and had walls that reached four hundred
cubits [in length], and were built of square and very white stones, the
length of each of which stones was twenty cubits, and their height six
cubits. This was the work of king Solomon, who first of all built the
entire temple." XX. IX. 7.
PASSAGES FROM JOSEPHUS'S HISTORY OF THE JEWISH WAR,
TAKEN FROM THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF
ROBERT TRAILL, D.D. M.R.I.A.
[Sidenote: Antiochus Epiphanes at Jerusalem.]
"That monarch, long intent on the enterprise, was prevailed on; and,
pressing forward at the head of a formidable army, he took Jerusalem by
assault, put to the sword vast numbers of those attached to the
interests of Ptolemy, allowed his troops unrestricted pillage, despoiled
the temple in person, and, during three years and six months,
interrupted the course of the daily sacrifices." I. I. 1.
[Sidenote: Judas attacks the garrison at Jerusalem. Purifies the
temple.]
"In the ardour of victory Judas attacked the garrison in the city, which
had not yet been reduced, and having expelled the troops from the upper
town, drove them into the lower, a quarter of the city called Acra.
Being now master of the temple, he purified the place throughout, and
walled it round." I. I. 4.
[Sidenote: Hyrcanus opens David's tomb.]
"Antiochus, enraged by what he had endured at the hands of Simon, led an
army into Judæa, and sitting down before Jerusalem, besieged Hyrcanus;
who, opening the sepulchre of David, the richest of kings, and privately
taking out upwards of three thousand talents in money, both induced
Antiochus, by the payment of three hundred, to raise the siege; and
also, from the remaining surplus, maintained--the first of the Jews to
do so--a mercenary force." I. II. 5.
[Sidenote: Aristobulus. Antigonus. Tower of Baris.]
"Gradually, and with reluctance, Aristobulus credited these
insinuations. Yet careful, at once, to avoid the semblance of suspicion,
and to provide against any covert attempt, he stationed his body-guards
in a dark subterraneous passage--he was himself at the time confined to
bed, in a tower formerly called Baris, but subsequently named
Antonia--with orders to allow Antigonus, if unarmed, to pass; but to
despatch him, should he approach in arms." I. III. 3.
[Sidenote: Strato's Tower.]
"But, on reaching the dark passage, known by the name of Strato's Tower,
he [Antigonus] was killed by the body-guards." I. III. 4.
[Sidenote: Pompeius reconnoitres the city of Jerusalem.]
"Incensed at this, Pompeius committed Aristobulus to custody; and having
advanced to the city, he considered well on what point he should direct
his attack. He found the walls, from their height, of almost impregnable
strength, with a frightful ravine in front of them: while within this
the temple was so strongly fortified, that, even after the capture of
the town, it would afford a second refuge to the enemy." I. VII. 1.
[Sidenote: The bridge broken down by Aristobulus' party.]
"The adherents of Aristobulus, being discomfited in the contest, retired
into the temple, and, breaking down the bridge which connected it with
the city, prepared to hold out to the last." I. VII. 2.
[Sidenote: Pompeius fills up the fosse of the town.]
"The Roman commander now filled up the fosse, and the whole of the
ravine, which lay on the north quarter, the troops collecting materials.
This was an undertaking of difficulty, not only on account of the
prodigious depth of the ravine, but from the impediments of every kind
offered by the Jews from above." I. VII. 3.
[Sidenote: Herod rebuilds the temple.]
[Sidenote: Palaces of Cæsarium and Agrippium.]
"Herod, accordingly, at an incalculable expense, and in a style of
unsurpassed magnificence, in the fifteenth year of his reign, restored
the Temple, and breasted up with a wall the area round it, so as to
enlarge it to twice its former extent. An evidence of its sumptuousness
were the ample colonnades around the holy place, and the fort on its
northern side. The colonnades he reared from the foundation; the fort,
in nothing inferior to a palace, he repaired at an immense cost; and
called it Antonia, in honour of Antonius. He also constructed a
residence for himself in the upper town, containing two very spacious,
and not less beautiful buildings, with which the Temple itself bore no
comparison. These he designated after his friends, the one Cæsarium, the
other Agrippium." I. XXI. 1.
[Sidenote: Pilate constructs acqueducts.]
"He subsequently occasioned another tumult, by expending the sacred
treasure, called Corban, in the construction of an aqueduct. He brought
the water from a distance of four hundred furlongs. Indignant at this
profanation, the populace, on his return to Jerusalem, collected with
loud clamours about his tribunal." II. IX. 4.
[Sidenote: Cestius encamps on Mount Scopus.]
"Cestius, seeing that these intestine dissensions afforded him a
favourable opportunity for attack, led out his entire force, routed the
Jews, and pursued them to the gates of Jerusalem. Encamping at a place
called The Scopus, distant seven furlongs from the city, he for three
days suspended his operations against it." II. XIX. 4.
[Sidenote: Cestius encamps opposite the royal palace.]
"Cestius, on entering, set fire to Bezetha, so named, the Coenopolis,
and the place called the Timber Market; and, proceeding to the upper
town, encamped opposite the royal residence." II. XIX. 4.
[Sidenote: Number of the troops of Titus engaged in the siege of
Jerusalem.]
"For Titus, having drawn together part of his troops to himself, and
sent orders to the others to meet him at Jerusalem, broke up from
Cæsarea. There were the three legions which, under the command of his
father, had before ravaged Judæa, and the twelfth, that had formerly
been defeated with Cestius, and which, remarkable at all times for its
valour, on this occasion, from a recollection of what had befallen it,
advanced with greater alacrity to revenge. Of these, he directed the
fifth to join him by the route of Ammaus, and the tenth to go up by that
of Jericho; while he himself moved forward with the remainder, attended,
beside these, by the contingents from the allied sovereigns, all in
increased force, and by a considerable body of Syrian auxiliaries.
"Detachments having been drafted by Vespasian from the four legions, and
sent with Mucianus into Italy, their places were filled up from among
the troops that had come with Titus. For two thousand men, selected from
among the forces of Alexandria, and three thousand of the guards from
the Euphrates, accompanied him; and with them, Tiberius Alexander." V.
I. 6.
[Sidenote: Titus with 600 cavalry reconnoitres Jerusalem.]
"Leading on his forces in orderly array, according to Roman usage, Titus
marched through Samaria to Gophna, which had been previously taken by
his father, and was then garrisoned. Here he rested for the night, and,
setting forward early in the morning, advanced a day's march, and
encamped in the valley, which is called by the Jews, in their native
tongue, 'The Valley of Thorns,' adjacent to a village named Gabath-Saul,
which signifies 'Saul's Hill,' distant from Jerusalem about thirty
furlongs. From hence, accompanied by about six hundred picked horsemen,
he rode forward to reconnoitre the strength of the city, and ascertain
the disposition of the Jews, whether, on seeing him, they would be
terrified into a surrender previous to any actual conflict." V. II. 1.
[Sidenote: Titus attacked by the Jews by the monument of Helena.]
[Sidenote: The Women's Towers.]
"While he continued to ride along the direct route which led to the
wall, no one appeared before the gates; but on his filing off from the
road towards the tower Psephinus, and taking an oblique direction with
his squadron, the Jews suddenly rushed out in immense numbers at a spot
called 'The Women's Towers,' through the gate opposite the monuments of
Helena. They broke through his ranks, and placing themselves in front of
the troops who were still advancing along the road, prevented them from
joining their comrades, who had filed off, and thus intercepted Titus
with only a handful of men. For him to move forward was impossible; as
the entire space was intersected by transverse walls and numerous
fences, and separated from the ramparts by dykes made for gardening
purposes." V. II. 2.
[Sidenote: Titus encamps at Scopus, seven furlongs from Jerusalem.]
[Sidenote: The tenth legion upon the Mount of Olives.]
"Cæsar, being joined during the night by the legion from Ammaus, moved
the next day from thence, and advanced to Scopus, as it is called, the
place from which the city first became visible, and the stately pile of
the sanctuary shone forth; whence it is that this spot--a flat adjoining
the northern quarter of the town--is appropriately called Scopus (the
Prospect). When at the distance of seven furlongs from the city, Titus
ordered a camp to be formed for two of the legions together; the fifth
he stationed three furlongs in rear of them: thinking that, as they had
been fatigued with their march during the night, they required to be
covered, that they might throw up their entrenchments with less
apprehension. Scarcely had they commenced their operations, when the
tenth legion arrived. It had advanced through Jericho, where a party of
soldiers had lain to guard the pass formerly taken possession of by
Vespasian. These troops had received orders to encamp at the distance of
six furlongs from Jerusalem, at the Mount of Olives, so called, which
lies over against the city on the east, and is separated from it by a
deep intervening ravine, which bears the name of Kedron." V. II. 3.
[Sidenote: Titus levels the ground between Scopus and Jerusalem.]
[Sidenote: Tomb of Herod. Serpents' Pool.]
"Titus intending to break up from Scopus, and encamp nearer to the city,
stationed a body of picked men, horse and foot, in such force as he
deemed sufficient to check the sallies of the enemy, and employed the
main body of his army in levelling the intervening ground as far as the
walls. All the fences and hedges, with which the inhabitants had
enclosed their gardens and orchards, being accordingly swept away, and
the fruit trees in the whole of the intermediate distance felled, the
hollows and chasms of the place were filled up, and the rocky eminences
removed with iron implements; and thus the whole space from Scopus to
the monuments of Herod, adjacent to what is called 'The Serpents' Pool,'
was reduced to a level." V. III. 2.
[Sidenote: Tomb of Helena. Sortie of the Jews.]
"Accordingly, after maintaining a long contest with their spears, and
receiving many wounds from their opponents, but inflicting not fewer in
return, they eventually drove back the party who had surrounded them.
The Jews, however, as soon as they began to retire, pursued them as far
as the monuments of Helena, annoying them with missiles." V. III. 3.
[Sidenote: Titus encamps opposite the Tower of Psephinus.]
[Sidenote: Another division opposite the Tower of Hippicus, and the
tenth legion upon the Mount of Olives.]
"In four days, the interval between his post and the walls having been
levelled, Titus, anxious to forward in safety the baggage and the
followers of the army, ranged the flower of his troops opposite the wall
on the northern quarter of the city, and extending towards the west, the
phalanx being drawn up seven deep. The infantry were disposed in front,
and the cavalry in rear, each in three ranks; the archers, who formed
the seventh, being in the middle.
"The sallies of the Jews being checked by such an array, the beasts of
burthen belonging to the three legions, with the camp followers, passed
on in safety. Titus himself encamped about two furlongs from the
ramparts, at the corner opposite the tower called Psephinus, where the
circuit of the wall, in its advance along the north side, bends with a
western aspect. The other division of the army was entrenched opposite
to the tower named Hippicus, distant, in like manner, two furlongs from
the city. The tenth legion continued to occupy its position on the Mount
of Olives, as it is called." V. III. 5.
* * * * *
_Description of the walls of Jerusalem._
"Jerusalem, fortified by three walls--except where it was encompassed by
its impassable ravines, for there it had but a single rampart--was
built, the one division fronting the other, on two hills, separated by
an intervening valley, at which the rows of houses terminated. Of these
hills, that on which the upper town was situated is much higher and
straighter in its length. Accordingly, on account of its strength, it
was styled the Fortress by king David, the father of Solomon, by whom
the temple was originally erected; but by us the Upper Market-place. The
other, which bears the name of Acra, and supports the lower town, is of
a gibbous form. Opposite to this was a third hill, naturally lower than
Acra, and formerly severed from it by another broad ravine. Afterwards,
however, the Asmonæans, during their reign, filled up the ravine, with
the intention of uniting the city to the temple; and, levelling the
summit of Acra, they reduced its elevation, so that the temple might be
conspicuous above other objects in this quarter also. The Valley of the
Cheese-makers, as it was designated, which divided, as we have said, the
hill of the upper town from that of the lower, extended as far as
Siloam, as we call it, a fountain whose waters are at once sweet and
copious. On the exterior, the two hills on which the city stood were
skirted by deep ravines, so precipitous on either side that the town was
nowhere accessible." V. IV. 1.
"Of the three walls, the most ancient, as well from the ravines which
surrounded it, as from the hill above them on which it was erected, was
almost impregnable. But, besides the advantages of its situation, it was
also strongly built; David and Solomon, as well as their successors on
the throne, having devoted much attention to the work.
[Sidenote: First Wall.]
"Beginning on the north at the tower called Hippicus, and extending to
what was termed the Xystus, it then formed a junction with the
council-house, and terminated at the western colonnade of the temple. On
the other side, towards the west, beginning at the same tower, it
stretched through Bethso, as it was styled, to the gate of the Essenes.
It then turned, and advanced with a southern aspect above the fountain
of Siloam, whence it again inclined, facing the east, towards Solomon's
reservoir, and extending to a certain spot, designated Ophla, it joined
the eastern colonnade of the temple.
[Sidenote: Second Wall.]
[Sidenote: Third Wall.]
[Sidenote: King Agrippa commences the third Wall.]
"The second had its beginning at the gate which they called Gennath,
belonging to the first wall. It reached to the Antonia, and encircled
only the northern quarter of the town. The tower Hippicus formed the
commencement of the third wall, which stretched from thence towards the
northern quarter, as far as the tower Psephinus, and then passing
opposite the monuments of Helena, Queen of Adiabene, and mother of king
Izates, and extending through the royal caverns, was inflected at the
corner tower near to the spot known by the appellation of the Fuller's
Tomb; and, connecting itself with the old wall, terminated at the valley
called Kedron. This wall Agrippa had thrown round the new-built town,
which was quite unprotected; for the city, overflowing with inhabitants,
gradually crept beyond the ramparts; and the people, incorporating with
the city the quarter north of the temple close to the hill, made a
considerable advance, insomuch that a fourth hill, which is called
Bezetha, was also surrounded with habitations. It lay over against the
Antonia, from which it was separated by a deep fosse, purposely
excavated to cut off the communication between the foundations of the
Antonia and the hill, that they might be at once less easy of access and
more elevated. Thus the depth of the trench materially increased the
altitude of the towers.
"The quarter most recently built was called, in our language, Bezetha,
which, if translated into the Greek tongue, would be Cænopolis
(New-town). Those who resided there requiring defence, the father of the
present sovereign, and of the same name, Agrippa, commenced the wall we
have mentioned. But, apprehending that Claudius Cæsar might suspect from
the magnitude of the structure that he entertained some designs of
innovation and insurrection, he desisted when he had merely laid the
foundations. For, indeed, had he completed that wall upon the scale on
which it was begun, the city would have been impregnable. It was
constructed of stones twenty cubits long and ten broad, fitted into each
other in such a manner that they could scarcely have been undermined
with iron, or shaken by engines. The wall itself was ten cubits in
breadth; and it would probably have attained a greater height than it
did, had not the enterprising spirit of its founder met with a check;
but, subsequently, though the work was carried on with ardour by the
Jews, it only rose to the height of twenty cubits; while, crowning this,
were battlements of two cubits, upon parapets of three cubits in
altitude, so that it attained in its entire elevation twenty-five
cubits." V. IV. 2.
[Sidenote: Description of the third Wall.]
[Sidenote: Ninety towers in the third Wall.]
"On this wall were erected towers, twenty cubits in breadth, and the
same in height, square, and solid as the wall itself. In the joining and
beauty of the stones, they were nowise inferior to the temple. Over the
solid altitude of the towers, which was twenty cubits, were sumptuous
apartments; and above these, again, upper rooms, and numerous cisterns
therein to receive the rain-water, and to each room wide staircases. Of
such towers the third wall had ninety, disposed at intervals of two
hundred cubits.
[Sidenote: The middle Wall had fourteen towers, the ancient sixty.]
[Sidenote: The Psephinus tower.]
"The middle wall was divided into fourteen towers, and the ancient one
into sixty. Of the city the entire circuit was thirty-three furlongs.
But admirable as was the third wall throughout, still more so was the
tower Psephinus, which rose up at the north-west angle, and opposite to
which Titus encamped. Being seventy cubits high, it afforded at sunrise
a prospect of Arabia, and of the limits of the Hebrew territories as far
as the sea; it was octagonal in form.
[Sidenote: Hippicus.]
"Over against this was the tower Hippicus, and near to it two others,
all erected by king Herod in the ancient wall, which in magnitude,
beauty and strength, exceeded all that the world could produce." V. IV.
3.
[Sidenote: Hippicus' Tower.]
"Hippicus, so called from his friend, was quadrangular, its length and
breadth being each twenty-five cubits, and to the height of thirty
cubits it was solid throughout. Above this solid part, which was
constructed of stones formed into one compact mass, was a reservoir to
receive the rain, twenty cubits deep, over which was a house of two
stories, twenty-five cubits high, and divided into various apartments.
Above this were battlements of two cubits in height, mounted upon
parapets of three; so that the entire altitude amounted to eighty
cubits.
[Sidenote: Phasaëlus.]
"The second tower, which he named Phasaëlus, from his brother, was of
equal length and breadth, forty cubits each, and the same in solid
height. Over this, and embracing the whole of the structure, was a
gallery, ten cubits high, defended by breast-work and battlements....
[Sidenote: Mariamne.]
"The third tower, Mariamne--for such was the queen's name--was solid to
the height of twenty cubits; its breadth, also, being twenty cubits, and
its length the same." V. IV. 3.
"Of this the entire elevation was fifty-five cubits." V. IV. 3.
[Sidenote: Site of the three towers.]
"But while such was the actual magnitude of these three towers, their
site added much to their apparent dimensions. For the ancient wall in
which they stood was itself built on a lofty hill; and higher still rose
up in front, to the height of thirty cubits, a kind of crest of the
hill; on this the towers rested, and thus acquired a much greater
altitude....
"To these towers, which lay northward, was attached on the inner side
the royal residence, which exceeded all description....
"The conflagration began at Antonia, passed onward to the palace, and
consumed the roofs of the three towers." V. IV. 4.
[Sidenote: The Temple.]
"The temple, as I have said, was seated on a strong hill. Originally,
the level space on its summit scarcely sufficed for the sanctuary and
the altar, the ground about being abrupt and steep. But king Solomon,
who built the sanctuary, having completely walled up the eastern side, a
colonnade was built upon the embankment. On the other sides, the
sanctuary remained exposed. In process of time, however, as the people
were constantly adding to the embankment, the hill became level and
broader. They also threw down the northern wall, and enclosed as much
ground as the circuit of the temple at large subsequently occupied." V.
V. 1.
[Sidenote: Circuit of the Temple six furlongs.]
"The colonnades were thirty cubits broad, and their entire circuit,
including the Antonia, measured six furlongs." V. V. 2.
[Sidenote: Dimensions of the Temple.]
"Advancing within, the lower story of the sanctuary received you. This
was sixty cubits in height, and the same in length, while its breadth
was twenty cubits. These sixty cubits of length were again divided. The
first part partitioned off at forty cubits." V. V. 5.
[Sidenote: Dimensions relative to the Temple.]
"The innermost recess of the temple measured twenty cubits, and was
separated in like manner from the outer by a veil. In this, nothing
whatever was deposited. Unapproachable, inviolable, and to be seen by
none, it was called the Holy of the Holy." V. V. 5.
[Sidenote: Position of the Antonia Tower.]
"The Antonia lay at the angle formed by two colonnades, the western and
the northern, of the first court of the temple. It was built upon a rock
fifty cubits high, and on every side precipitous. It was a work of king
Herod, in which he particularly evinced the natural greatness of his
mind. For, first, the rock was covered from the base upwards with smooth
stone flags, as well for ornament, as that any one who attempted to
ascend or descend might slip off. Next, and in front of the edifice
itself, there was a wall of three cubits; and within this the entire
space occupied by the Antonia rose to an altitude of forty cubits.
[Sidenote: Citadel in the upper town. Bezetha, north of the Temple.]
"... The upper town had its own fortress--Herod's palace. The hill
Bezetha was detached, as I have mentioned, from the Antonia. It was the
highest of the three, and was joined on to part of the new town forming
northward the only obstruction to the view of the temple." V. V. 8.
[Sidenote: Forces of the besieged in Jerusalem.]
"The whole number of fighting men and insurgents in the city was as
follows. Attached to Simon were ten thousand men, irrespective of the
Idumæans. Over these were fifty officers, Simon himself acting as
Commander-in-chief. The Idumæans who joined his ranks, five thousand in
number, had ten leaders, of whom James, the son of Sosas, and Simon, the
son of Cathlas, were reputed to be the foremost. John, who had seized on
the temple, had under his orders six thousand men-at-arms, commanded by
twenty officers. The Zealots, also, had now laid aside their differences
and gone over to him, to the number of two thousand four hundred, led by
Eleazar, their former general, and Simon, son of Ari." V. VI. 1.
[Sidenote: Position occupied by Simon.]
[Sidenote: Position occupied by John.]
"Simon occupied the upper town and the great wall, as far as the Kedron,
with as much of the old wall as, bending eastward from Siloam, descended
to the palace of Monobazus, king of Adiabene, beyond the Euphrates. He
held, likewise, the fountain and the Acra, which was the lower town,
with the interval as far as the palace of Helena, the mother of
Monobazus. John occupied the temple, and the parts about it to a
considerable distance, with Ophla, and the valley called Kedron." V. VI.
1.
[Sidenote: Titus examines the Walls.]
[Sidenote: Monument of the high priest John.]
"While affairs in the city were in this posture, Titus, with a select
detachment of horse, rode round the wall, in order to ascertain against
what quarter he should direct his attack. Utterly at a loss on what side
to assail them, there being no access at any point through the ravines,
while on the other side, the first wall appeared too firm for the
engines, he determined to make the assault opposite to the monument of
John, the high priest, for at this point the outer bulwark was lower,
and the second was not connected, the builders having neglected to
fortify those places where the new town was thinly inhabited; but there
was easy access to the third wall, through which he designed to capture
the upper town, and through the Antonia, the temple." V. VI. 2.
[Sidenote: Suburbs.]
"He at once gave the legions permission to lay waste the suburbs, and
ordered them to collect the timber together for the construction of
mounds." V. VI. 2.
[Sidenote: Taking of the first Wall.]
"... The Romans having mounted where Nico had effected a breach, they
all abandoned their posts, and retreated to the second wall; when those
who had scaled the ramparts opened the gates, and admitted the entire
army. The Romans having thus, on the fifteenth day, which was the
seventh of the month Artemisius, become masters of the first wall, laid
a great part of it in ruins, as they did the northern quarters of the
city, which Cestius had formerly demolished." V. VII. 2.
[Sidenote: Titus occupies the space between the camp of the Assyrians
and the Kedron.]
[Sidenote: Gate of the aqueducts.]
"Titus now transferred his camp to a place within the wall, styled the
Camp of the Assyrians, occupying the entire interval as far as the
Kedron, but keeping at such a distance from the second rampart as to be
out of range of the missiles, and immediately commenced the attack. The
Jews, dividing their forces, made a vigorous defence from the wall; John
and his party fighting from the Antonia, from the north colonnade of the
temple, and in front of the monuments of king Alexander; while Simon's
band, intercepting the assault near John's monument, manned the
intervening space as far as the gate through which the water was
introduced to the tower Hippicus." V. VII. 3.
[Sidenote: Titus makes himself master of the second Wall.]
"On the fifth day after the reduction of the first wall Cæsar stormed
the second at this point; and as the Jews fled from it, he entered with
a thousand men, and the select band which he retained about his person,
at that part of the new town where were the wool-marts, the braziers'
shops, and the clothes market, and where the streets led obliquely to
the ramparts." V. VIII. 1.
[Sidenote: Titus exhibits his troops.]
"The cessation he employed for his own purposes. The stated day for
distributing pay among the troops having arrived, he directed the
officers to draw out the force, and count out the money to each man in
view of the enemy." V. IX. 1.
[Sidenote: The Jews see the review of the troops Titus.]
"And nothing could be more gratifying to the Romans, or more terrifying
to the enemy than that spectacle. The whole of the ancient wall and the
northern quarter of the temple were crowded with spectators, and the
houses were to be seen filled with people on the look-out; nor was there
a spot in the city which was not covered with multitudes." V. IX. 1.
[Sidenote: The Idumæans.]
"Those at work beside the monument, the Idumæans, and the troops of
Simon, impeded by repeated sallies; while those before the Antonia were
obstructed by John and his associates, in conjunction with the Zealots."
V. IX. 2.
[Sidenote: Mounds and their positions. Struthios reservoir.]
[Sidenote: Amygdalon.]
"One of those at the Antonia was thrown up by the fifth legion, opposite
to the middle of the reservoir, called Struthios; and the other by the
twelfth legion at the distance of about twenty cubits. The tenth legion,
which was considerably apart from these, was occupied on the northern
quarter, and by the reservoir designated Amygdalon, and about thirty
cubits from thence the fifteenth legion, at the high-priest's monument."
V. XI. 4.
[Sidenote: The assailants make the wall of circumvallation.]
"Commencing at the camp of the Assyrians, where his own tent was
pitched, he drew the wall to the lower Cænopolis, and thence through the
Kedron to the Mount of Olives. Then bending back towards the south, he
encompassed the mount as far as the rock called Peristereon, and the
adjoining hill, which overhangs the ravine near Siloam. Thence inclining
towards the west, he went down into the valley of the Fountain, beyond
which he ascended by the monument of the high-priest Ananus, and, taking
in the mount where Pompey encamped, turned to the north, proceeding as
far as a hamlet, called 'The house of Erebinths:' passing which, he
enclosed Herod's monument, and on the east once more united it to his
own camp at the point whence it commenced.
"The wall was in length forty furlongs, wanting one. Attached to it on
the outside were thirteen forts, whose united circumferences measured
ten furlongs." V. XII. 2.
[Sidenote: Number of the dead.]
"Mannæus, the son of Lazarus, who at this period took refuge with Titus,
declared that, from the fourteenth of the month of Xanthicus, the day on
which the Romans encamped before the walls, until the new moon of
Panemus, there were carried through that one gate which had been
entrusted to him, a hundred and fifteen thousand eight hundred and
eighty corpses." V. XIII. 7.
[Sidenote: Number of the dead.]
"After him many of the higher ranks escaped; and they brought word that
full six hundred thousand of the humbler classes had been thrown out
through the gates. Of the others it was impossible to ascertain the
number." V. XIII. 7.
[Sidenote: Excavations in Jerusalem.]
"The Jews fled into the temple; the Romans also making their way in
through the mine which John had excavated under their mounds." VI. I. 7.
[Sidenote: Titus destroys the Tower Antonia.]
"Titus now ordered his troops to raze the foundations of the Antonia,
and prepare an easy ascent for his whole force." VI. II. 1.
[Sidenote: Titus enters the outer court of the Temple.]
"In the meantime, the remainder of the Roman force, having in seven days
overturned the foundation of the Antonia, had prepared a wide ascent as
far as the temple. The legions now approached the first wall, and
commenced their mounds--one opposite the north-west angle of the inner
temple, a second at the northern chamber, which was between the two
gates, and of the remaining two, one at the western colonnade of the
outer court of the temple, the other without, at the northern." VI. II.
7.
[Sidenote: Titus takes the Temple.]
"Titus now withdrew into the Antonia, determined on the following
morning about daybreak to attack with his whole force and invest the
temple. That edifice God had, indeed, long since destined to the flames;
but now in revolving years had arrived the fated day, the tenth of the
month Lous, the very day on which the former temple had been burned by
the king of Babylon." VI. IV. 5.
[Sidenote: Bridge of Xystus.]
"Titus took his stand on the western side of the outer court of the
temple; there being a gate in that quarter beyond the Xystus, and a
bridge which connected the upper town with the temple, and which then
intervened between the tyrants and Cæsar." VI. VI. 2.
[Sidenote: Titus gives up the city to pillage.]
"Orders were then issued to the troops to plunder and burn the city. On
that day, however, nothing was done; but on the following day they set
fire to the residence of the magistrates, the Acra, the council chamber,
and the place called Ophla, the flames spreading as far as the palace of
queen Helena, which was in the centre of the Acra. The streets also were
consumed." VI. VI. 3.
[Sidenote: The Romans in the lower town.]
"On the ensuing day the Romans, having driven the brigands from the
lower town, burned all, as far as Siloam." VI. VII. 2.
[Sidenote: Titus attacks the upper city.]
"The works of the four legions were raised on the western side of the
city, opposite to the royal palace, while the auxiliaries and the rest
of the force laboured in the region of the Xystus, the bridge, and the
tower which Simon, during his contest with John, had built as a fortress
for himself." VI. VIII. 1.
[Sidenote: Destruction of the city.]
"And when, at a later period, he destroyed the remainder of the city,
and razed the walls, he allowed these towers to stand as a memorial of
the favour of fortune, by whose cooperation he had become master of
those strongholds, which could never have been reduced by force of
arms." VI. IX. 1.
[Sidenote: Number of Jews killed and taken prisoners.]
"The whole number of prisoners taken during the entire course of the war
was calculated at ninety-seven thousand; while those who perished in the
siege, from its commencement to its close, amounted to one million one
hundred thousand. Of these the greater part were of Jewish blood, though
not natives of the place. Having assembled from the whole country for
the feast of unleavened bread, they were suddenly hemmed in by the war;
so that their confined situation caused at first a pestilential disease,
and afterwards famine also, still more rapid in its effects." VI. IX. 3.
[Sidenote: Final destruction of Jerusalem.]
"Cæsar ordered the whole of the city and the sanctuary to be razed to
the foundations, leaving the three loftiest towers, Phasaëlus, Hippicus,
and Mariamne, and that portion of the wall which enclosed the town on
the west; the latter as an encampment for those who should remain there
in garrison; the towers, to indicate to future times how splendid and
how strong a city had yielded to Roman valour. All the rest of the wall
that encompassed the city was so completely levelled with the ground
that there was no longer anything to lead those who visited the spot to
believe that it had ever been inhabited. So fell Jerusalem, a victim of
revolutionary frenzy: a magnificent city, and celebrated throughout the
world." VII. I. 1.
* * * * *
[Sidenote: Population of Jerusalem indicated by Hecatæus of Abdera.]
"There are many strong places and villages in the country of Judæa, but
one strong city there is, about fifty furlongs in circumference, which
is inhabited by a hundred and twenty thousand men or thereabout."
(Against Apion, I. 22.)
INDEX.
A.
Abraham, Mount Moriah the scene of his sacrifice, 46, 47.
Abraham, S., Greek Convent of, 111.
Absalom, his tomb examined, 181.
Abyssinians in Jerusalem, their number, 13.
Aceldama, description of, 206;
its curious legend tested, 207.
Acra, the hill of, identified, 17, 18, 20;
levelled under the Maccabees, 52.
Adam, Chapel of, 106, 113.
Adamnanus, his account of the Mosque of Omar, 58.
Adoration of the Cross, Chapel of, in the Church of the
Resurrection, 122.
Ælia Capitolina, Jerusalem so named by Hadrian, 2, 3, 6, 43.
Agony, Chapel of the, 112;
Grotto of, 177, Note X. 309.
Agrippa's Walls, 35, 37, 41.
Altar in Chapel of the Crucifixion, 122.
Altar of burnt-offerings, its position and dimensions, 54;
its site proved to be on the Sacred Rock, 89;
the cisterns beneath it examined, 97.
See Araunah.
Americans, their wanton destruction of monuments, 233.
Amygdalon pool, probably Hezekiah's, 32;
identified from the Bible, 252;
the cisterns filled from it, 259.
Ananus, Monument of, its site, 40.
Angel, Chapel of the, in Holy Sepulchre, 116.
Angels, the Holy, Church of, 156.
Annas, the High Priest, traditionary site of his house, 156.
Ann, S., Church of, its present state, 144;
its history and vicissitudes, 145; Notes II. III. 306.
Ann, S., pretended tomb of, 175.
Antiochus Epiphanes despoils the second temple, 51.
Antonia, tower of, 17, 18, 19, 55, 137;
its supposed site, 32;
its site in the N.W. angle of the Haram, 59, 64.
Antoninus of Piacenza, his account of Justinian's Basilica, 79; Note
XXXIV. 295.
Aqueduct from Etham, its skilful construction, 249;
subsequent history, 250.
Arabs, the number of, in Jerusalem, 11;
their position, 273.
Araunah, threshing-floor of, 24;
its history and description, 47;
cisterns beneath it, 47;
it survives the destruction of Solomon's temple, 50;
Mosque built over it by Omar, 57;
identical with the Sacred Rock, 88;
and the Altar of burnt-offerings, 89;
cisterns beneath it examined, 97; Notes IV. 291, and XVI. 292.
Arch of the Ecce Homo investigated, 60, 140, Note I. 306.
Arch, remarkable fragment of one, in S.W. angle of the Haram, 70.
Arculf, his account of Christ's Tomb, 116;
his description of the Holy places, Note IV. 299.
Armenians, their numbers and position in Jerusalem, 12;
their Convents, 16, 164;
their prospects, 162;
their charitable institutions, 278.
Ascension, the Mount of, its site on the Mount of Olives, 191;
grand panorama from its summit, 193;
its traditionary spots examined, 194;
successive Churches built upon it, _ib._;
the present Mosque, 196;
Tomb of S. Pelagia, 197.
B.
Babylas, S., ruins of Church of, 242.
Baris Castle on Moriah, 52;
restored as Antonia Tower by Herod, 55;
pontifical robes kept in it, Note XI. 292.
Barrack in the Haram, 20;
the rock near it the site of Antonia Tower, 59, 64.
Bathsheba, traditionary pool of, 259.
Bazaar of the Haram gate, 54.
Bazaars of Jerusalem, 78.
Benjamin, high gate of, its doubtful site, 26.
Bethany, its site incontestable, 200;
proofs of this, 201;
Tomb and house of Lazarus there, 202.
Bethesda, pool of, 15, 20, 59;
its history and present state, 65;
its connection with the temple sacrifices, 92;
its masonry examined, 260.
Bethphage, site of, 199.
Bethsura, fortress of, 22.
Betrayal, the, traditionary site of, 179.
Bezetha, position of, 18.
Bible, the Holy, passages from it bearing upon the statements in this
work, 315.
Bird of Solomon, 86;
legend of, Note XXXVII. 296.
Bir Eyub, see Joab, well of.
Birket es-Sultan (Prince's pool), 15;
account of, 96, 209.
Bishops of Jerusalem, list of, Note II. 297.
Bordeaux, Pilgrim of, his description of Jerusalem, Note XI. 287.
Breydenbach, his account of Christ's Tomb, 117.
Bridge between Moriah and Sion, 70;
supposed site of that mentioned by Josephus, 71, 74.
Bridge (invisible), of Mohammed, its position and legend, 76.
Broad wall, its supposed site, 27.
Buildings, modern, in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, 5.
Buildings of Saracenic period in Jerusalem, 153.
Burial-places of Kings of Judah, Note XVI. 310.
C.
Cadytis of Herodotus, possibly Jerusalem, 2.
Caiaphas, site of his house on Sion, 220.
Calvary, Chapel of the, 105.
Calvary, position of, 103;
its site questionable, 105;
its present appearance, 122.
Camp of the Assyrians, its site, 40.
Caverns, the Royal, account of, 226;
method of quarrying them, 227;
danger in exploring them, 228.
Chamber of the Cradle of Jesus, 77.
Chosroes II. destroys the Basilica of Constantine, 108.
Christ, His Tomb described, 116.
Christian quarter of Jerusalem, 9.
Chronological summary of the history of Jerusalem, 311.
Cistern beneath the supposed site of Eudoxia's Church, 169.
Cisterns for water and grain described, 47;
their necessity for the Temple services, 49;
they survive the destruction of Solomon's temple, 50;
examination of those beneath the Haram, 90;
conclusions drawn from this, 100;
their number in Jerusalem, 261.
Climate of Jerusalem, 10.
Coenaculum, traditions connected with it, 216;
the buildings on its site, 217;
its present state, 219; Note XVII. 310.
Coins found in the Kidron, 170.
Column, gate of the, 6.
See Damascus gate.
Columns of proof, 81.
Commerce of Jerusalem, 265.
Constantine the Great destroys the Temple of Jupiter on the site of
the Temple, 57;
his Basilica on the true site of the Holy Sepulchre, 105;
description of, by Eusebius, Note III. 297;
destruction of this by Chosroes II. 108.
Constantine, S., Greek Convent of, 12, 111, 163.
Copts, their numbers in Jerusalem, 13;
their Convent, 126, 165;
their charitable institutions, 269.
Corner-gate, its supposed site, 21.
Cotton Merchants' gate, 74.
Court of the Gentiles in the Temple, 53.
Court of the Israelites, or Priests, 54.
Cradle of Jesus, Chamber containing it, 77.
Crassus plunders the Second Temple, 52.
Crosses on Calvary, their probable position, 106.
Cross, Invention of the, Chapel of, in the Church of the
Resurrection, 121.
Cross, S., Greek Convent of, its history and traditions, 242;
the Church described, 243, Note III. 306.
Crucifixion, Chapel of, in the Church of the Resurrection, 122.
Crusaders, their works at Jerusalem, 43;
they consecrate the Mosque of Omar as a Christian church, 59;
their various positions during the siege of Jerusalem, 241;
the architectural characteristics of their walls, Note V. 286.
Cubit measure, its relative value, Note II. 282.
Cyril, S., on the Tomb of Christ, 118.
Cyrus permits the rebuilding of the Temple, 50.
D.
Damascus Gate, 6, 8, 15, 36;
Cufic inscription on it, 223.
Daughters of Sion, Convent of, excavations beneath it, 60;
discovery of a spring there, 63;
its course traced, 258;
the Convent described, 162.
David, the Castle of, 6;
its present state, 159.
David, the City of, identified from Josephus, 16;
its wall discovered, 23.
David, King, his purchase of the threshing floor of Araunah, 46;
his hydraulic works at Jerusalem, 245;
the architectural characteristics of his walls, Note V. 285;
traditionary site of his judgement-seat, 86, Note XXXVI. 295.
David, Millo of, its site discussed, 23-25.
David, Sepulchres of, their site, 27.
David, street of, 9, 15.
David, street of the Castle of, 16.
David, the Tomb of, the authenticity of its site proved, 210;
the sarcophagus fictitious, 214;
the vault near it the probable Sepulchre of the Jewish Kings, 215.
Dead Sea, where visible from Jerusalem, 35.
Dervishes, various orders of, at Jerusalem, 165.
Dives, Palace of, fictitious site of, 142.
Divisions of Jerusalem, 8.
Dome of the Holy Sepulchre, 114.
Dome of the Rock, its position on Moriah, 45;
date of its erection, 58;
detailed description of, 85;
the cisterns beneath it examined, 97;
see Omar, Mosque of, Rock, the Sacred.
Dragon Well, its supposed site, 27.
Drainage system of Jerusalem, its divisions, Note I. 281.
Dung Gate, the, 7, 15, 27;
false tradition concerning it, 70, Note XXXI. 295.
E.
East Gate, the, its supposed site, 27;
the site of the present Golden Gate, 69.
Ecce Homo, the arch of, 60, 140, Note I. 306.
El-Aksa Mosque, originally Justinian's Basilica, 57;
this proved by history, 59;
gateway beneath it, 69;
its architectural history, 78;
description of it, 80;
monolith in its vaults, 82;
this taken from the royal caverns, 227.
England, Church of, cause of its unpopularity with the Jews, 158;
its mission houses at Jerusalem, 165.
Environs of Jerusalem, account of, 5;
the numerous ancient remains there, Notes III. IV. 284-5.
Ephraim, Gate of, its supposed site, 26;
its exact site, 143;
when so called, 144.
Erebinthi, house of, its site, 41.
Essenes, Gate of, its site unknown, 31.
Etham, the source of the water supply of Jerusalem, 14, 50, 73, 91,
95, 100;
its pools described, 246;
reasons for assigning them to Solomon, 249;
their advantages in supplying Jerusalem, 250;
ruins of the Castle there, 246.
Eudoxia, Empress, supposed site of her Church, 169;
her Church dedicated to S. Stephen, 224.
Evil Counsel, Hill of, 4;
its site identified, 21;
its legend and account of the tombs there, 205;
the ruins on its summit, 208.
Extent of Jerusalem northward examined, 39.
F.
Fish Gate, its supposed site, 26, 27.
Flagellation, the, Chapel of, 139.
Food, the supply of, at Jerusalem, 264.
Fortress of the Jebusites, its probable position, 16, 22.
Fountain Gate, its supposed site, 27.
Fountain of the Virgin, 15, 91;
description of it, 184;
its water system examined, 254;
cause of its intermittent flow, 257.
Franciscan Convent in the Church of the Resurrection, 120, 160,
Notes IV. V. 307;
the Good Friday service there, Note XV. 305.
Fuller's Monument, its supposed site, 39.
Fuller's Pool, 241.
Furnaces, tower of the, supposed site, 27.
G.
Gardens, Gate of, 7;
see Herod, Gate of.
Gareb, Hill of, 18.
Gate between two walls, its probable site, 26.
Gates of Jerusalem at the present time, 6;
before the Captivity, 26;
as rebuilt by Nehemiah, 27;
as described by Josephus, 28;
M. Munk's enumeration of them, Note VII. 286;
Arabic inscriptions above them, Note IV. 281;
regulations for closing them, Note V. _ib._
Gennath Gate, its probable site, 32.
Gethsemane, its site indubitable, 177;
its present state, 178.
Gihon, Mount, 4;
its site identified, 21.
Gihon, Upper Pool of, see Mamillah.
Gihon, Valley of, 4, 17;
examination of it, 208.
Giles, S., supposed Church of, 153.
Golden Gate, the, 7, 27;
its architecture, and present condition, 67;
the view from its top, 76;
Mohammedan tradition concerning it, _ib._;
legends connected with it, Notes XXIX. XXX. 294, XXXIII. 295.
Golgotha, its identity questionable, 107;
its present appearance, 122.
Golgotha, the Cistern of, 260.
Good Friday, Franciscan Service upon, Note XV. 305.
Greeks, their number and position in Jerusalem, 12;
their chapel in the Church of the Resurrection, 120;
their convents in Jerusalem, 163, Note VI. 307;
their nunneries, 164;
their charitable institutions, 278;
the accommodation for their pilgrims, _ib._
Greek Catholics, their Convent at Jerusalem, 162.
Grotto of the Agony, account of, 177, Note X. 309.
H.
Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem, 3, 6;
its form and size unaltered, 43;
builds a temple to Jupiter on the site of the Temple, 57.
Hammam-es-Shefa, 15, 91, 257.
Haram es-Sherîf, 18;
its history, 57;
proved to be Mount Moriah, 59;
north side examined, 63;
Antonia Tower in north-west angle, 64;
the east side, 65;
the foundation of the east wall the work of Solomon, 66;
the south wall examined, 69;
the west side, 70;
remarkable arch in south-west angle, _ib._;
its interior described, 75;
its three elevations examined, 88;
its water system and subterranean works investigated, 90;
conclusion arrived at, 100;
regulations and difficulties of admission to it, Notes I. II. 290.
Hebron, Gate of, 8;
see Jaffa Gate.
Helena of Adiabene, her monument, 223.
Helena, S., Tomb of, its probable site, 37;
Chapel of, 111, 121;
throne of, 112;
Abyssinian Church of, 125;
the so-called cistern of, 126, 260;
her traditionary hospital, 150;
her churches on the Mount of Ascension, 194, 197;
her work at the Tomb of the Virgin, 170, Note IV. 308;
at Aceldama, 207;
her church near the Grotto of Jeremiah, 228;
Justinian's Basilica wrongly ascribed to her, Note XV. 292.
Herod Antipas, site of his palace, 141.
Herod, Gate of, 7, 39.
Herod the Great, his splendid additions to Jerusalem, 3;
his monument, 41;
its suggested site, 242;
he builds the third Temple, 52;
description of his masonry, 67;
a portion of his wall described by De Saulcy, 72.
Herodian Walls, their architectural characteristics, Note V. 286.
Herods, the, Jerusalem under their sway, 28.
Hezekiah, his pool, 14;
the supposed Millo of David, 24, 25, 32;
traces of his wall, 25.
Hierosolyma, derivation of by Lysimachus, 2.
Hinnom, Valley of, 4, 17, 22;
its course examined, 204;
origin of the name, Note XV. 309.
Hippicus tower, its supposed site, 28.
Holy Fire, Greek Festival of, account of, Note XIV. 304.
Holy Sabbath, Armenian festival, account of, Note XIV. 305.
Holy Sepulchre; the question of its site examined, 102;
its traditionary history traced, 103;
Eusebius's account of it, 105;
the monument described, 115;
its interior and the tomb examined, 116;
proofs of its genuineness, 117;
stones said to have closed it, 220; Notes XI. XII. 303-4;
Arculf's description of it, Note IV. 299.
Horse Gate, its supposed site, 26.
Hosea, supposed tomb of, 184.
House of Erebinthi, its site, 41.
House of the Prince, 126.
Houses in Jerusalem, their present state, 266.
Huldah, Gate of, 7, 70, 82.
Huldah Prophetess, her tomb on Mount Ascension, 197.
I.
Ibrahim, Mosque of, 127.
Inhabitants of Jerusalem, 268.
Inspector's Gate, 75;
legend connected with it, 295.
Invention of the Cross, Chapel of, in the Church of the
Resurrection, 121.
Iron Gate, 74.
Isaiah, tradition as to his death and tomb, 187.
Israel, minaret of, 75.
J.
Jacob's Dream: Mount Moriah possibly the scene of it, 46.
Jadagat el-Ahel, Grotto of the "store of food," 38;
tradition concerning it, 236.
Jaffa Gate, 8, 26, 27;
regulations for closing it, Note V. 281.
Jaffa, port of, its accommodation for travellers, 262.
James, S., the Great, Church of, its history and description, 157;
tomb of described, 183.
James, S., the Less, Church of, 158.
Jebusites, their connection with Jerusalem, 1, 2;
situation of their fortress, 16, 22;
condition of Jerusalem in their time, 22;
the architectural characteristics of their walls, Note V. 285.
Jehoshaphat, Gate of, 7.
Jehoshaphat, Tomb of, explored, 180.
Jehoshaphat, Valley of, explored, 167;
its dreary solemnity, 179;
its monuments examined, 180;
conclusions regarding them, 184;
belief connected with it, 168; Note V. 307.
Jehovah-jireh, the probable equivalent of Moriah, 17.
Jeremiah, Grotto of, described, 228;
its tradition examined, 229.
Jerome, S., on the residence of Melchizedek, 1.
Jesus, the chamber of His cradle, 77;
His tomb described, 116;
the spot where He was crowned with thorns, 138;
scourged, 139;
shewn by Pilate, 140;
the Station of His first fall in the Via Dolorosa, 141;
place of the meeting with His mother, _ib._;
with Simon the Cyrenian, 142;
His second fall, 143;
meeting with the Daughters of Jerusalem, 144;
His third fall, _ib._;
the tree to which He was bound, 156;
the site of His betrayal, 179;
spot where He wept over the city, 190;
the scene of His Ascension, 191, 193;
prints of His feet on Mount Ascension, 197.
Jewish Quarter of Jerusalem, 9.
Jews of Jerusalem, their social habits, 9;
their numbers and sectarian divisions, 10;
their objection to enter the Temple enclosure, 154;
their Synagogues, 155;
cause of their dislike to the Church of England, 158;
their cemetery in the Valley of Jehoshaphat, 180;
their hospice in the Valley of Gihon, 208;
their degraded condition in Jerusalem, 271;
their charitable institutions there, 277.
Jews' Wailing place, 72, 154.
Joab, the well of, visited, 188;
detailed account of, 253;
curious legend concerning it, 254.
Joachim, S., pretended tomb of, 175.
John, S., of Jerusalem, Hospital of, its history, 129;
state of its remains, 131;
its original position, 133; Notes XVI. XVIII. 306.
Joseph of Arimathea, his tomb, 119.
Joseph, S., his pretended tomb, 175.
Joseph, S., sisters of, their convent, 162.
Josephus, his account of the city of David verified, 16;
identification of his "New City," 18;
of the Tyropoeon, 19;
of Ophel and Mount Olivet, 21;
Mount Shafat, 22;
his account of the city of the Herods our sole authority, 28;
his exaggeration of the population of Jerusalem, 41;
the passages from his Antiquities of the Jews illustrating this
work, 323;
ditto from the Jewish War, 327.
Jotham, his wall on Ophel, 25.
Judah, kings of, their burial places, Note XVI. 310.
Judgement Gate, legend of, 143.
Judges, the tombs of, described, 239.
Julian the Apostate attempts to rebuild the Temple, 57;
the so-called miracle which prevented this, Note XIV. 292.
Jupiter, Temple to, on the site of the Temple built and destroyed, 57.
Justinian, his Basilica near the site of the Temple, 57;
converted into a mosque, _ib._;
into a dwelling-house, 59;
its ruins, 70;
its history and description, 78;
Antoninus of Piacenza's account of it, Note XXXIV. 295.
K.
Kerm es-Sheikh (ancient Arab house), curious tradition concerning
it, 230.
Kidron torrent, its present state, 169;
coins found in its bed, 170;
the pool forming its source, 283.
Kidron, pool of, 14; account of it, 256.
Kidron Valley, 4, 5, 18;
exploration of it, 167;
the site of the King's dale, 182, Note II. 308.
King's garden, the, identified, 27.
Kings, Jewish, their Tombs on Mount Sion, 215;
their burial places as mentioned in the Bible, Note XVI. 310.
Kings, Latin, their tombs, 113;
Inscriptions on them, Note XI. 303.
Knights Hospitaler, account of, 129.
Knights Templar, their stables in the vaults of the Haram, 78.
Kubbet es-Sakharah, see Dome of the Rock; Omar, Mosque of.
L.
Land proprietors at Jerusalem, 268.
Latin Kings, their tombs, 113;
Inscriptions on them, Note XI. 303.
Latin Patriarchate, the, 152.
Latins, their chapel in the Church of the Resurrection, 120;
their charitable institutions at Jerusalem, 278.
Lazarus (the beggar), fictitious site of his house, 142.
Lazarus, his tomb in Bethany, 202;
ruins of his convent and house there, 203.
Lepers, their houses and miserable appearance, 221.
"Lower City" of the Jebusites, its position, 22.
"Lower pool" of Isaiah, see Birket es-Sultan, Prince's Pool.
Lysimachus, his derivation of Hierosolyma, 2.
M.
Maccabees, the, recover the second Temple, 52.
Magdalene, Church of the, its history and remains, 148.
Mamillah, pool of, 5, 14;
identified as the "Upper pool," 241;
description of it, 251;
identified from the Bible, 252.
Manasseh, traces of his wall, 26.
Mariamne Tower, its supposed site, 28.
Mariti (Abbé), on the position of the three Crosses, 106;
on the arch of the Ecce Homo, 140.
Mark, S., traditional site of his house, 158.
Mary, S., of Egypt, Oratory of, 112.
Mary, S., the Virgin, tradition, &c. of her birth-place, 145, 6, 7;
Chapel of her Nativity, 150;
her tomb, 148;
erected by S. Helena, 170;
enquiries as to the Church built over it, 171;
its present state, 175;
site of her house on Sion, 219; Notes III. to XII. 308-9.
Mary, S., the Great, ruins of Church of, 125;
its history, 128;
present state of its remains, 130.
Mary, S., the Less, Church of, its history, 129;
its present state, 130.
Mary, S., Gate of, 78.
Mary, Lady, Pool of the bath of, 7, 14, 167.
Masonry of east wall of Haram, 66;
Solomon's and Herod's compared, 67; Note V. 286.
Meah, tower of, its site, 27.
Measures, Hebrew, their relative value, Note II. 282.
Mekhemeh, or Mohammedan Court of Justice, 73.
Melchizedek, his residence according to S. Jerome, 1.
Milisendis, Queen, her Convent of S. Lazarus at Bethany, 203.
Millo of David, its probable site, 24.
Millo of Solomon, 25.
Mislin, M., his account of the so-called tomb of David, 212.
Mogarabins, the, gate and wall of, 72;
Mosque of, 85.
Mohammedan quarter of Jerusalem, 9.
Mohammedans, they capture Jerusalem, 57;
their number and position there, 11;
their charitable institutions, 277.
Mohammed's invisible bridge, its position and legend, 76.
Moloch, account of the worship of, Note XV. 309.
Monks dwelling in the Church of the Resurrection, remarks on, 122;
disputes among them, 124.
Monolith in the vaults of El-Aksa, 82;
this taken from the royal caverns, 227.
Montefiore, Sir M., his Hospice for Jews, 208.
Moriah, Mount, identified, 17, 18;
added to the city by Solomon, 24;
its site unquestionable, 41;
the author's opportunities of exploring it, 46;
its history, _ib._;
its appearance changed by the Temple, 49;
fortified by Simon Maccabeus, 52;
proved to be the present Haram es-Sherîf, 59.
Mosaic work in the Dome of the Rock, 87; Note XXXVIII. 296.
Moses, chapel of, 99.
Mountains round Jerusalem, 4, 21;
within the city, 16.
Munk, on the Babylonish Captivity, Note VII. 291.
N.
Name of Jerusalem, its origin and meaning, 1.
Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem, 2,
and Solomon's Temple, 50.
Neby Samwîl village, position of, 4; Note II. 281.
Nehemiah completes the rebuilding of Jerusalem, 3;
aspect of the city in his time, 27;
characteristics of his masonry, Note V. 285;
tradition attached to his well, 188.
"New City" of Josephus identified, 18.
Nicanor's Gate in the Temple, 54;
tradition regarding its doors, Note X. 292.
Nicodemus, his tomb, 119.
Nicoforus, Archimandrite, his agricultural improvements in the
neighbourhood of Jerusalem, 5, 208, 244.
Northern extent of Jerusalem examined, 39.
North Gate of Josephus, its site, 36.
O.
Offence, Mount of, its position indisputable, 21;
its present state, 189;
forms the third summit of Mount Olivet, 191.
Old Gate, its supposed site, 27.
Olivet, Mount, 4;
Panoramic view from its summit, 8, 16;
its position indisputable, 21;
its points of interest examined, 190;
its three summits, 191;
histories attached to these, 192.
Olive-tree, traditionary, to which our Saviour was bound, 156;
those remaining in the garden of Gethsemane, 178; Note XIII. 309.
Omar, Mosque of, built over the threshing-floor of Araunah, 57;
this proved by history, 58, 59; Notes XVI-XXIV. XXVI. 292-4;
see Dome of the Rock.
Omar, Mosque of, the octagonal monument so called, 81, 130;
Note VI. 286.
Omar, remains of his boys' school and hospital, 153.
Onuphrius, chapel of, on the Hill of Evil Counsel, 206.
Ophel, the hill of 18;
its site identified, 21;
works of defence on, 25, 26.
Oratory near the Haram barrack, 75.
P.
Palace of the Council, its supposed site, 30;
of Dives, its fictitious site, 142;
of Herod Antipas, its site, 141.
Panorama of Jerusalem from Mount Olivet, 8.
Passages from the Holy Bible bearing on the statements in this
work, 315.
Patriarch's Pool, 241.
Pelagia, S., her tomb on Mount Ascension, 197.
Peristerion, the supposed site of, 40.
Peter, S., Church of, 150.
Peter's, S. prison, traditional site of, 158
Peter, S. at the Cock-crow, ruins of Church of, 221.
Phasaëlus Tower, its supposed site, 28.
Pilate, conduit of, 14.
Pilgrims, the numbers of, visiting Jerusalem, 10;
their unseemly conduct at the Holy Sepulchre, 123;
the different communities of, at Jerusalem, 274.
Pilgrim's Pool, 7, 14;
account of it, and its traditions, 229.
Pisans, castle of the, 159;
Adrichomius' account of, Note VIII. 286.
Place of the Ashes, 50;
its probable position, 89, 91, 100.
Pompeius the Great captures the second Temple, 52.
Pools of Jerusalem, 14, 27.
"Pool that was made," the, (Birket es-Sultan), 27, 96.
Population of Jerusalem, 10;
compared with its size, 14;
at the time of Alexander the Great, 41;
exaggerated by Josephus, _ib._
Postal system at Jerusalem, 264.
Potter's field, the site of, 206.
Prætorium, the, situated in the Antonia Tower, 55, 64;
its position identified, 137.
Prince's Pool, (Birket es-Sultan), 15, 96, 209.
Procopius, his account of the Basilica of Justinian, 78, 83.
Prophets, the tombs of, 198;
their authenticity considered, 199.
Proselytism at Jerusalem, its failure, 273, 4.
Protestants, their number in Jerusalem, 13.
Protestant Missions at Jerusalem, their ill success, 172;
their charitable institutions, 278.
Provisions, supply of, at Jerusalem, 264.
Prussian Mission-house at Jerusalem, 165.
Psephinus tower, its supposed site, 35.
Q.
Quarries used for the Temple and walls, 38; see Royal Caverns.
Quarries of red breccia, 243.
R.
Ramah identified with Neby Samwîl, Note II. 281.
Ramleh, its accommodation for travellers, 262.
Religious communities in Jerusalem, 10, 13.
Resurrection, Church of the, its history, 108;
its present dangerous condition, 110;
its exterior described, _ib._;
its interior, 113;
the great Dome, 114;
state of the Monks living there, 122;
Pilgrims visiting it, 123;
account of its neighbourhood, 125; Notes III.-XIII. 299-304;
see Holy Sepulchre.
Retreat of the Apostles, see James, S. tomb of.
Road of the Capture, 182.
Robinson, Dr, his opinion of the Tyropoeon disputed, 19.
Rock near the Haram barrack, site of the Tower Antonia, 59, 64.
Rock, the Sacred, description of, 87;
proved to be the site of the threshing-floor of Araunah, 88;
and the Altar of burnt-offerings, 89;
legends and traditions connected with it, Notes III. IV. XXXIX.
XL. 291, 296.
Rogel, its supposed site, 188;
Fountain of, see Joab, Fountain of.
Roman Catholics, their number and position in Jerusalem, 12.
Roman inscription on El-Aksa gateway, 69.
Roman Walls, the characteristics of their masonry, Note V. 286.
Rossellane the Sultana, her munificence, 59;
description of her hospital, 151;
view from its roof, 152.
Royal Caverns of Josephus, their supposed site, 38;
description of them, 226.
Russia, her position in Jerusalem, 13.
Russians, their conventual buildings in Jerusalem, 13, 240;
their charitable institutions, 279.
S.
Sæwulf, his account of the Holy Places, Note V. 300.
Saladin's school, fragment of, 74;
his hospice, 127;
his generosity to the Christians, Note XXV. 294.
Salem and Jerusalem distinct places, 1.
Sanhedrim, hall of, in the Temple, 54.
Sanitary condition of Jerusalem, 9, 15, 261.
Saracenic buildings in Jerusalem, 153;
the characteristics of their masonry, Note V. 286.
Saviour, S. Church of, on Mount Sion, 220;
Convent of, 160.
Scala Sancta, the, in Via Dolorosa, 138.
Scopus, Mount, 4;
Note from Josephus upon, Note III. 281;
see Shafat.
Sea of Bronze, its dimensions, 49; Note VI. 291.
Sects, Christian, at Jerusalem, their animosity to each other, 269;
their property, &c. 270.
Sennacherib, spot of his encampment, 241.
Sepulchre, the Holy; see Holy Sepulchre.
Sepulchre, vertical, near the Tombs of the Kings, 236.
Sepulchres, Mount of the, 4, 205.
Serai, the, Minaret of, 75.
Serpents' pool, 241.
Sewer discovered near the Convent of the daughters of Sion, 62.
Sewers of Jerusalem, 15, 19.
Shafat, mountain of, 4;
its site identified, 22.
Shaveh, the valley of, 1.
Sheep-gate, its supposed site, 27.
Shefa, Bath of, 15, 16, 91.
Sheikh Jerrah, Arab building, 236.
Siloam, fountain of, its undoubted site, 31.
Siloam, gardens of, 4, 5.
Siloam, pool of, 8, 15;
its site identified, 8, 16;
reverence attached to it, 185;
its history, 186;
its present appearance, 187.
Siloam, village of, described, 189;
ancient Egyptian monument there, 190.
Simon the Cyrenian, spot of his meeting with Jesus in Via
Dolorosa, 142.
Simon the Just, Tomb of, 237.
Simon the Pharisee, traditionary site of his house, 148, 9.
Sion gate, 7, 8.
Sion, Mount, 6, 16, 17;
excavations there, 23;
examination of it, 209;
the tomb of David, 210;
Tombs of the Jewish Kings, 215;
the Coenaculum, 216;
the house of the Virgin, 219;
of Caiaphas, 220;
remains of antiquity found there, Note III. 284.
Slaughter, valley of, 22.
Society in Jerusalem, its present state, 268.
Soil of the environs of Jerusalem, 5.
Solomon, the Conduit of, 14;
his additions to the city of David, 24;
situation of his "Millo" and house, 25;
excavations in his pool, 31;
its present state, 187;
masonry of his wall described, 66; Note V. 285, XXVIII. 294;
traditional site of his throne, 76;
his hydraulic works at Jerusalem, 245, 6.
Solomon's Temple; see Temple.
Solyman the Magnificent restores the walls of Jerusalem, 6;
leaving their form unchanged, 44.
Sources of water supply of Jerusalem, 14.
Spring discovered near the Daughters of Sion Convent, 63;
great sensation caused by this, Note XXVII. 294.
Springs in Jerusalem, 257.
Stables of the Templars in the vaults of the Haram, 78.
Stairs from the city of David, site of, 27.
State of Jerusalem and its environs, 267.
Station of the first fall in Via Dolorosa, 141;
of the second, 143;
of the third, 144.
Stephen, S. gate of, 7.
Stephen, S. pretended site of his martyrdom, 168;
the genuine site on the north of the city, 223;
the Empress Eudoxia's Church there, 224.
Stone, the, of Unction, 114, 122.
Stones of largest size in Solomon's walls, Note XXVIII. 294.
Strato's Tower on Moriah, 52;
its site discovered, 62.
Streets of Jerusalem, 8, 10;
their present state, 266;
the principal ones enumerated, Note VI. 282.
Struthium pool, its supposed site, 64, 65.
Syrian Convent, the, 164.
Summary of the history of Jerusalem, 2.
---- chronological, of ditto, 311.
T.
Tacitus, his description of Jerusalem, Note X. 287.
Temple of Solomon, its site, 17;
stone quarries used for it, 38;
account of its building, 48;
its exact description impossible, _ib._;
its ground plan, 49;
water supply necessary for its services, _ib._;
its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, 50;
its position fixed by the Sacred Rock, 88;
Rabbinical plan of, 90;
the principal modern accounts of it, Note V. 291.
Temple, the Second, as rebuilt by Zerubbabel, 51;
its history, _ib._;
taken by Antiochus Epiphanes, _ib._;
recovered by the Maccabees, 52;
its subsequent history, _ib._;
its height according to Josephus, 51; Note VIII. 291.
Temple, the third, as built by Herod the Great, 52;
its ground plan, _ib._;
dimensions, 54;
the scene of our Saviour's ministry, 55;
its destruction by Titus, 56;
subsequent history of its site, 57;
various writers upon it, Note IX. 292.
Temple, dates of its burnings, Note XII. 292.
Terrace roofs in the East, Note XLII. 297.
Threshing-floors, ancient, description of, 47.
Throne of Solomon, its traditional site, 76.
Titus destroys Jerusalem and Herod's Temple, 3, 56;
the city at his time, 28;
his wall of circumvallation, 40;
the site of his head-quarters, 241.
Tomb of the Lord's Body; see Holy Sepulchre.
Tombs in the environs of Jerusalem, 5.
Tombs in the Valley of Jehoshaphat examined, 180;
conclusions regarding them, 184.
Tombs, Mount of the, 4, 205.
Tombs of the Judges, account of, 239.
Tombs of the Jewish Kings on Sion, 215.
Tombs of the Kings examined; the vestibule, 232;
the sepulchral chambers, 233;
controversies as to their origin and use, 235.
Tombs of the Latin Kings of Jerusalem, 113;
the inscriptions on them, Note XI. 303.
Tombs of the Prophets, 198;
their authenticity considered, 199.
Tophet in the Valley of Hinnom, 204;
probably the Hill of Evil Counsel, 21;
origin of the name, Note XV. 309.
Tradesmen of Jerusalem, their extortion, 264.
Traditions of the East, their unvarying character, Note IX. 286.
Travellers at Jerusalem, advice to, 263, 266.
Tree, traditionary, to which our Saviour was bound, 156.
Turks in Jerusalem, their numbers, 11;
their extortion, 273.
Tyre, William of, his account of the Mosque of Omar, 58; Note
XVII. 292;
of the Church of the Resurrection, Note VI. 301.
Tyropoeon, the, identified with the central valley, 19.
U.
"Upper Pool;" see Mamillah.
Uzza, garden of, its supposed site, 184.
V.
Valley Gate, its supposed site, 26, 27, 69.
Valleys round Jerusalem, 4;
within the city, 16, 19, 20, 62.
Vault, immense one discovered beneath the Convent of the Daughters of
Sion, 61;
the supposed site of Strato's Tower, 62;
its purpose and architectural history, 77;
converted into stables for the Templars, 78.
Vaults under the site of Antonia Tower, 64; under El-Aksa, 81;
the mosque Abu Bekr, 84;
the tomb of David, the sepulchre of the Jewish Kings, 215.
Veronica, S. house of, in the Via Dolorosa, 143.
Via Dolorosa, 8, 9;
account of its fourteen stations, 135;
summary of the evidence of its identity, 144.
Virgin, Fountain of the, see Fountain.
Virgin, Tomb of, see Mary S.
Virgin's swoon, the, chapel of, in Via Dolorosa, 141.
Viri Galilæi, the north summit of Mount Olivet, 192.
W.
Walls of Jerusalem, now surrounding it, 6;
remains of that built by the Jebusites, 22;
by David, 23;
by Solomon, 24;
by Jotham and Hezekiah, 25;
by Manasseh, 26;
under Nehemiah, 27;
the Herods and Titus, 28;
the Agrippas, 35, 37;
the course of the first wall explored, 28;
of the second, 31;
of the third, 34;
the wall of Titus, 40;
of Solyman the Magnificent, 44;
their different architectural characteristics, Note V. 285;
the largest stones remaining in that of Solomon, Note XXVIII. 294.
Wandering Jew, the imaginary house of, in the Via Dolorosa, 143.
Water Gate, its supposed site, 27.
Water supply of Jerusalem, 14;
a good supply required for the Temple services, 49.
Waters of the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, 245;
inside the city, 257.
Wezn, or invisible balance, Mohammedan legend of, Note XLI. 296.
Willibrand of Oldenburg, his account of Christ's Tomb, 117.
Window of Judgment, its position and legend, 76.
X.
Xystus, the, its supposed site, 30.
Z.
Zacharias, Tomb of, 183.
Zerubbabel rebuilds the Temple, 51.
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
* * * * *
Transcriber's note:
Obvious typesetting errors have been corrected. Questionable or archaic
spelling has been left as printed in the original publication.
Variations in spelling have been left as printed, unless otherwise noted
in the following.
Corrections to printing errors supplied in the "CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA",
immediately following the Table of Contents, have been applied in this
transcription.
Inconsistencies in abbreviations frequently used have been regularized.
The formation of references to works frequently cited have
been regularized. E.g., for all instances like "Jewish War, V. 4, § 1."
commas have been inserted, if missing, after War and before the "§"
symbol.
All instances of "Sherif" have been normalized to "Sherîf".
Alternate spellings of Phasælus/Phasaelus/Phasaëlus Tower have been
regularized to Phasaëlus.
Alternate spellings of Neby Samwil/Samwîl have been regularized to
Samwîl.
Alternate spellings of Arimathæa/Arimathea have been regularized to
Arimathea.
Varying formats of the abbreviation "A.D." have been regularized in this
transcription to appear in upper case letters.
Page 26: Transcribed "fellahin" as "fellahîn". As originally printed:
"The answers given to me by the _fellahin_...."
Page 38: Transcribed "them" as "they". As originally printed: "with the
old level of the north gate, and found them correspond".
Page 48: Supplied the word "in" (shown in brackets here) to the
following phrase: "those found [in] 1 Kings vi. 7 and 2 Chron. iii.
and iv. are very incomplete, and often hard to reconcile".
Page 49: Supplied the word "in" (shown in brackets here) to the
following phrase: "The inner is mentioned [in] 1 Kings vi. 36".
Page 58: Supplied a quotation mark missing in the original publication,
as follows, immediately preceding "but": 'He says (speaking of the
mosque) "but on that celebrated spot...'.
Page 58: Supplied a quotation mark missing in the original publication
at the close of the following: "May God render illustrious the great
king, son of Meruan, who enlarged this majestic temple, and grant him
mercy."
Page 128: Transcribed "Harun er-Rashid" as "Harûn er-Rashîd". As
originally printed: "The amicable relations between Harun er-Rashid...."
Page 138: Two footnote markers on this page in the original publication,
both numbered 1, reference one footnote. The markers have been numbered
470 and 471 and footnote 471 has been added as "Ibid."
Page 140 (footnote 477): Corrected "Jérus" to "Jésus."
Page 210: Footnote 4 on this page references non-existant Note "XXII."
Number was corrected to "Note XIV."
Page 212: Supplied the word "it" (shown in brackets here) to the
following phrase: "some however less anxiously cautious, say that [it]
is on the site...".
Page 229: Footnote 7 on this page was marked in the text, but the note
at the bottom of the page, referring internally to "Page 14", had no
note number associated with it. The footnote has been numbered and
appears in this transcription as footnote 826.
Page 270 (footnote 898): Transcribed "pamplet" as "pamphlet". As
originally printed: "the following account published in a pamplet...."
In the table showing Spanish Reals sent to the Holy Land, the individual
contributions by country in this transcription match the figures in
the original publication; however, the total Reals stated in the
original publication (239,737,060) does not match the sum of the
countries' contributions (239,927,060).
Page 275: In the table showing pilgrims visits to Jerusalem and lengths
of stays, the annual totals in this transcription match the figures in
the original publication; however, the total of days stated in the
original publication (229,346) does not match the sum of the annual
totals (229,266).
Pages 283-4: Endnotes marked in the original publication with numerical
references (1 to 7) have been transcribed as notes A to G and appear as
endnotes to Note II of Chapter II.
Page 295: A reference to the Itinerary of Antoninus of Piacenza printed
as "Anton. Placent. Itin. Sect. 23" in the original publication has been
left as printed, a likely typesetting error in which an L was
substituted for the I in Piacen(t)za.
Pages 304: Endnotes to Note XIV of Chapter IV., marked in the original
publication as (a) and (b), have been transcribed as footnotes that appear
at the end of the notes for Chapter IV.
Page 311: Transcribed "Adonizedec" (king of Jerusalem) as "Adonizedek".
As originally printed: "1451 Adonizedec king of Jerusalem".
Page 314: Alternate spellings of Al-Mostander-Billah/Al-Mostanser-Billah
have been regularized to Al-Mostanser-Billah.
Page 331: Possibly incomplete phrase in sidenote has been left as
printed in the original publication: "The Jews see the review of the
troops Titus."