sprung from Baldwin; whom the common lot has carried off from the world
to inhabit the regions of paradise._" Histoire de l'État présent de
Jérusalem, par l'Abbé Mariti, publiée par le R. P. Laorty Hadji, Paris,
1853, pp. 56, 57.
NOTE XII. William of Tyre refers to a place where our Lord's body is
said to have been embalmed (Book VIII. Chap. 3. See Note VI.).
Sanutus, who wrote in the fourteenth century, speaks of this place, but
puts it in the middle of the choir of the Greeks, far from that of which
we are now speaking. (Liber Secretorum fidelium Crucis, Lib. III. p. 14,
cap. 8.)
Nicetas Choniata[902], a writer of the twelfth century, in his eighth
book, relates that the stone on which Christ's body was embalmed, was to
be seen in his time at Ephesus, whither the Emperor Manuel Comnenus had
carried it on his own shoulders from the gate of Bucoleon to the chapel
which was within the precincts of the palace, and that after the death
of that emperor it was removed thence and placed in his tomb. Nicetas
says that the stone is of a red hue; it seems more probable therefore
that it had formed part of Calvary itself, or of some smooth rock near
the sepulchre.
NOTE XIII. I quote the most important passages relating to the Holy
Sepulchre, properly so called, which was carefully examined by the Abbé
Mariti, before it was all covered over as it is at present.
"The Holy Sepulchre, placed at the centre of the building, is a block of
stone, which forms part of the soil, so hewn as to be quite separate
from the rest of the hill.
"In the terrace-roof of the Sepulchre holes have been ingeniously formed
to let out the smoke from the lamps in the interior.
"The sacred grotto is divided into two parts; the first is the Chapel of
the Angel; its eastern side, in which is the entrance-door, being built
of materials prepared by human hands, while the rest forms part of the
solid rock. There we saw a socle of stone, nearly square, embedded in
the rock, at the length of a cubit and a half from the gate of the Holy
Sepulchre, which is to the west of it: it served formerly as a support
to the stone which used to close the entrance of the Sepulchre. Inside
the Sepulchre is found a basin, hewn out with the chisel in the rock, of
three cubits and a sixth in length; its height four cubits five soldi,
in the middle; and on the sides, where it bends in forming a circular
arc, three cubits five soldi. Its breadth from north to south is not
equal throughout, being at the eastern end three cubits three soldi and
one-third, and at the west two cubits sixteen soldi and two-thirds. The
bench on which the Saviour's body was laid is three cubits and a third
long, and about two cubits and a third broad, raised one cubit and one
inch from the ground." (L'État présent de Jérusalem, p. 66.)
NOTE XIV. Before I give the description of the way in which the festival
of the Holy Fire is celebrated, I will quote the account given of it in
Abulfaragii (or Barhebræi) Chronicum Syriacum, Lips. 1789, 2 Vols. 4to.
pp. 215-220.
"The originator of this persecution (that is, the persecution of Hakem
when he destroyed the Sepulchre in 1010) was some enemy of the
Christians[a], who told Hakem: When the Christians meet in the Church
of the Holy Sepulchre to keep Easter, the ministers of the Church employ
a particular artifice, viz. they anoint with oil and with balsam the
iron chain by which the lamp above the Sepulchre is suspended; and when
the Arab official has fastened the door of the Sepulchre, they place the
fire at the end of the iron chain, reaching it from the roof; the chain
descends immediately with it till it reaches the match, and is ignited.
Then they break into tears and cry _Kyrie Eleison_ as they see the fire
falling from heaven upon the tomb, and so strengthen themselves in their
faith."
Another account is transmitted to us by Aretas, of Cæsarea, who gives
certain information concerning it, under the name of Leo the Philosopher
to an Arab Vizir. He says: "To this day the sacred and much-worshipped
Sepulchre of Christ works a miracle every year on the day of the
Resurrection; when every fire in Jerusalem has been put out, the
Christians prepare a candle, and place it within the monument near the
Holy Sepulchre. The Emir of Jerusalem[b] closes the door, and while
the Christians stand outside crying _Kyrie Eleison_, a lamp appears, and
at once the candle is lighted by its flame. Then all the inhabitants
rekindle their fires in their houses by means of other candles lighted
at this one."
_The Holy Fire of the Greeks and the Holy Sabbath of the Armenians at
Jerusalem._
In an age like the present, it is well that we should put on record
those acts and customs by which the name of civilization is profaned,
especially where they mask themselves under the name of religion. For
if this be done, those who have it in their power to stop and to
suppress them, cannot plead ignorance in excuse of the neglect of their
duty.
The Holy Sabbath is a kind of festival or revel held round the Sepulchre
of our Lord, and continues from ten o'clock in the morning to three
o'clock in the afternoon. First of all, the Greek bishop takes his stand
inside the Sepulchre, while the pilgrims and the resident Greeks and
Armenians form a procession round the tomb, stamping and clapping their
hands, and shouting in a loud voice, _El Messiah atanah, u bidammu
astarana: Mahna el jom faratra u el jahudie hazana_. "The Messiah came
to us and redeemed us with His blood; to-day we rejoice, and the Jews
are sad." The excitement increases with the shouting, until the greater
part of the multitude appear to be intoxicated, and rush to and fro, as
in a state of frenzy, with the wildest cries and gesticulations. Some
throw their heads about violently, their hair floating in wild disorder,
and the foam streaming from their mouths, like men possessed. Some
mounting on each other's shoulders form themselves into living human
columns, and then suddenly fling themselves in the midst of the excited
throng. Others feign to be dead, and their companions carry them round
the building, singing funeral hymns and uttering their wonted cries of
mourning. Here is a party in high dispute, there a company fighting and
wrestling, while a third, and far the most numerous band, is madly
pressing towards the two oval holes through which the fire issues from
the Sepulchre, the one at the north, the other at the south end of the
monument. Meanwhile the government guards, or _Cavas_, attempt to
re-establish order by lashing out right and left with their tough whips
of hippopotamus hide. Everywhere is uproar and confusion, shouting and
stamping, as of madmen. When this has gone on for four or five hours, a
small flame at length makes its appearance at each of the holes above
mentioned. The bishop, concealed within the Sepulchre, having received
_from heaven_ the sacred fire, communicates it to the expectant
worshippers, who have awaited its coming with such devotion. The mind
cannot conceive, nor words describe the scene which then ensues; the
din, the crush, the struggling, each to be among the first to receive
the light. He who is nearest to the hole, and so the first to light his
candle, has probably paid dearly for the privilege; so high does the
competition run and such is the importance attached to gaining the
prize. Many pilgrims come from great distances, incurring all the
hardships and expense of a protracted journey merely to receive the Holy
Fire. As soon as they have received it, and carefully secured it in
their lanterns, they return home, having accomplished the sole purpose
of their pilgrimage, and caring nothing for the other festivities of
Easter-tide.
Surraya Pasha, induced thereto by the urgent representations of M. de
Barrère, the French Consul in Palestine, has taken measures to prevent
any recurrence of the serious disorders which so frequently arose in
former times in connexion with this festival. Since he has been
governor, the time allowed for this desecration of the Holy Places has
been shortened, and the murderous quarrels which before prevailed are no
longer known. Would it not be more worthy of modern civilization to stop
it altogether? the Greek and Armenian pilgrimages to Jerusalem would
then, in all probability, cease.
[Footnote a: See Silv. de Sacy, Exposé de la Réligion des Druses, Book
I. pp. cccxxxvi. and foll. The author mentions other details of the
origin and the motives of Hakem's fury against the Christians, given by
Severus. This Coptic Arab author attributes the origin of it to a monk
named John, who was ambitious of becoming bishop.]
[Footnote b: In our time the door of the Sepulchre is closed, after a Greek
bishop, who is called _Bishop of the Fire_, has entered. We do not know
whether the miracle in present times is produced by a lamp concealed in
the walls of the Sepulchre, or by a preparation of phosphorus: but they
that wait for the appearance of the fire are as credulous, or pretend to
be so, as the Christians of the time of Aretas.]
NOTE XV. I have as strong objections to the service celebrated by the
Franciscans on the evening of Good Friday, as to that of the Holy Fire.
Like the latter, it gives rise to disputes, tumults, and serious
disorders; and besides, there is in it an utter absence of decorum.
Generally speaking, it has none of the impressive effect of a religious
ceremony, but rather excites a feeling of the ridiculous, when it does
not result in mourning for some fatal accident. How it is that the
Franciscan fathers have not done away with it, or modified it, I cannot
understand. To hold a service in a church to which persons of all sects
are admitted, and to think that men's hearts can be reached by it, is an
utter mistake. When no one is carried out of the building dead or
wounded, they say with a satisfied air, "_The service has passed off
well;_" little thinking of the exertions that are required to make it
pass off well. A battalion of infantry is drawn up under arms in the
square of the Sepulchre, and supplies the guards in the interior of the
church; all the officers are employed to suppress any slight
disturbance; the Governor betakes himself to the church to be ready in
case of any serious outbreak: the French Consul is busy with
preparations two days before, and on the evening of the service he and
his employés are wearied out; the clergy are knocked about by the crowd;
and all this passes off well.
They ought to remember the year in which human blood was shed on Mount
Calvary; and how in 1861, had it not been for the energy of the French
Consul, and the singular discretion and moderation of General Ducrot, of
the French Corps d'Expédition in Syria, and his forty officers, the
service certainly would not have passed off well.
NOTE XVI. The short street which connects the two churches of S. Mary
the Great and S. Mary the Less was called, at the time of the Crusades,
_the street of Palms_, because palm-branches were there sold to
pilgrims. A similar traffic goes on at the present day, and on the same
spot, during the feast of Palms; but palms being scarcer than formerly,
olive-branches are generally substituted for them.
NOTE XVII. The original firman exists in the archives of the Franciscan
Convent of S. Saviour at Jerusalem. Its exact date is not known, but may
be placed between 1014 and 1023. See Boré, Question des Lieux Saints, 5.
NOTE XVIII. The direction of this street is clearly marked in a paper
published by Sebastian Paoli (Cod. Diplom. I. p. 243), and reproduced by
Schultz, Williams, and De Vogüé: "I, Amalric ... have given ... to the
sacred Hospital at Jerusalem, and to the Church of S. Mary the Great, a
certain street which was _between_ the Hospital aforesaid and the Church
of S. Mary the Great aforesaid, to which there is an _entrance on the
north from the Street of Palms_, opposite the front of the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre, and on the south between the two aforesaid houses of the
hospital and of St Mary the Less, which leads also _below the buildings
of the Hospital to the Street of the Patriarch's Baths_...." June, 1174.
NOTES TO CHAPTER V.
NOTE I. See De Vogüé, p. 302. We first find it mentioned in La Citez de
Jhérusalem, under the name of 'Porte douloureuse.' "When you have gone a
little further on" (after crossing the Street of Jehoshaphat, on the way
from S. Stephen's Gate) "you come to a place where two streets cross:
that which comes from the left comes from the Temple and goes to the
Sepulchre. At the commencement of this street is a gate, on the Temple
side, which is called 'Porte douloureuse:' by it Jesus passed when he
was taken to Calvary to be crucified; and therefore it is called the
gate of mourning."
NOTE II. "The Sultan, on his return to Jerusalem, increased the
endowment of the school which he had there founded. Before the
occupation by the Mohammedans it had been known as the Church of S. Ann,
the mother of S. Mary; whose tomb is said to have been found there.
Under the Mohammedans it had been turned into a school, before the
Franks made themselves masters of the city. They had restored the church
to its former position, but the Sultan, having conquered the Franks,
again changed it into a school, whose management and revenues he
entrusted to Bohaddin, son of Sieddad." Abulfeda, Annales Moslemici,
from Reiske's translation.
NOTE III. The Church of the Holy Cross is superior to that of S. Ann in
the simplicity of its ornamentation, answering to the description of M.
de Vogüé (p. 241): "Some persons have thought they saw in the poverty
and simplicity of the ornamentation a proof of Byzantine influence. I
would rather attribute it partly to the want of sculptors, and partly to
the influence of the Cistercians, which seems to have been brought to
bear on the foundation and building of the monastery." The latter
statement he illustrates by a note which I will also quote: "S. Bernard
took a lively interest in all that occurred in the Holy Land, and
exercised much influence thereon by his letters. He was in constant
correspondence with Queen Milisendis (1130-1150), with the Patriarch,
and with the Templars--the rules of whose order he helped to draw up. It
was well known how sternly he had denounced the excessive adorning of
churches, and how rigorously the Cistercian order applied his
principles. The connexion of S. Bernard with Milisendis, who was the
chief benefactress of the Convent of S. Ann, _leads me to suppose_ that
his views may have been followed in the building of the Church of S.
Ann, and of the monastery. See in M. de Verneuil's L'Architecture
Byzantine en France (Plate XIII.), the design of the Cistercian Abbey at
Boschaud, built in 1154. The general form is not the same with that of
S. Ann, but the style is identical. Further there are also the pilasters
of the binding joists ending in corbelling." I would gladly assent to M.
de Vogüé's hypothesis--but I cannot; for in S. Bernard's correspondence
there is no mention at all of the building of the Church of S. Ann. I
allow that the style is identical with that of the Cistercian Abbey: but
certainly the form changes a good deal, because this is not a trapezium
like that of S. Ann.
NOTE IV. Some idea may be formed of the position which the Franciscans
hold in respect of the local government, from the conditions to which
they were required to submit before they received permission to take up
a residence within the walls of Jerusalem. The following are some of
them: that they would give presents every year to the _Kadi_, the
governor, and to all the members of the Divan: that, when one of them
died, they should not be allowed to carry his body out to burial in the
sight of the Mohammedans, but that he should be wrapt in a carpet, and
carried outside the walls and buried there: that they should never buy
any property in Jerusalem, under pain of its being confiscated and given
to the Mosque of Omar: that the friars should not shew themselves too
frequently in the streets of the city: that the monastery occupied by
them should be inspected every three years by the _Kadi_, the governor,
and his architect, to see whether any changes had been made in the
building. These conditions were rigorously enforced every time that the
local governor was pleased to extort money from the brotherhood, who, of
course, were always in the wrong. (These facts are drawn from the papers
found in the Registry of the Convent of S. Saviour.)
NOTE V. It is sometimes supposed that the Franciscans carry on a trade
in the articles that are made in the workroom of S. Saviour; but it is
quite a mistake. The friars have these articles made by poor workpeople,
and so give them the means of supporting themselves by their industry;
and any profits that may accrue from the sale are applied to the support
of widows and orphans, as in every other work of charity, which is
constantly carried on by the society.
NOTE VI. The Greeks, who since the coming of the first Crusaders had
been unjustly robbed of all their other possessions in the Holy Land,
returned thither in 1348, in consequence of a treaty concluded between
the Emperor Cantacuzenus and Naser Eddin Hassan, Sultan of Egypt. They
established a hospice for pilgrims in the Monastery of S. Euthymius,
whilst their servants took up their abode in that of S. Michael the
Archangel.
NOTES TO CHAPTER VI.
NOTE I. The eastern Christians call the Valley of Jehoshaphat in the
language of the country _Wady el-Nar_ (Valley of Fire); a name which is
also given to it by the Mohammedans, from the belief that the general
judgment will take place there. If we interpret the name _Jehoshaphat_
according to the idea of the Jews, its meaning is _judgment of God_, for
the Chaldee in the passage in Joel (chap. iii. 2, 12, 15), instead of
saying "_in the valley of Jehoshaphat_," translates it thus, "_in the
valley of the division of judgment_." If we are to accept the opinion of
Calmet, that by the valley of Jehoshaphat we are to understand the
_valley of Jezreel_, we cannot believe that the final judgment is to
take place in this valley, which is close under the walls of Jerusalem,
but in that of Jezreel.
Origen looks upon this general gathering of mankind in a more extended
view than that of Calmet: "Origen thinks that the nations will be
gathered together over the face of the whole earth; and that the
manifestation of Christ will be like to a blaze of light that covers at
once the whole world." S. Jerome expresses himself thus, "It is folly to
seek in a small or secret place for Him who is the light of the whole
world." (Calmet's Commentary on Joel.) Mariti, L'État présent, &c. p.
132.
NOTE II. Those who made of the Hebrew word Kidron (Cedron) a Greek word,
fancy that the name may have been derived from some cedars planted in
the neighbourhood; they rely probably on the Greek text of the gospel of
S. John, where the word is written with +ô+ instead of +o+, which may be
simply an error of the copyists, as some commentators have remarked;
seeing that in other parts of the Bible it is called Kidron.
The valley of Kidron begins, on the north, near or a little above the
Tombs of the Kings, at a height of about 2460 feet above the
Mediterranean; at first it is called the Valley of Kidron, or of
Jehoshaphat; then _Wady er-Nahib_ (Valley of the Monks), in the
neighbourhood of the monastery of S. Saba; and lastly, _Wady el-Nar_
(Valley of Fire), in the last part of its course. The entire descent
from the head of the valley to the Dead Sea is about 3690 vertical feet.
I have traversed it several times on foot with Bedouins, for the sole
purpose of examining all the changes of its sides. Near S. Saba it is
very picturesque.
NOTE III. Nicephorus Callistus expresses himself thus: "She also raised
another splendid temple in the garden of Gethsemane to the Mother of
God; and enclosed within it her life-giving tomb. Moreover the place
being on a hill-side she erected marble steps, for travellers to pass
from the city eastwards." (Ecclesiastical History, VIII. 30.)
NOTE IV. These are the words of the empress: "We hear that there is a
noble and splendid church dedicated to Mary, Mother of God and perpetual
Virgin, on the ground called Gethsemane where her body was laid."
Johann. Damascen. Orat. II. de B. M. Assumptione, ap. Quaresm. E. T. S.
Lib. IV. pereg. 7, c. 2, Tom. II. p. 241.
NOTE V. This is the account of Sebastiano Paoli: "That most venerable
Mount Sion also they have profaned and treated with no respect: the
Temple of the Lord, the church in the Valley of Jehoshaphat, where is
the Sepulchre of the Virgin, the church at Bethlehem, and the place of
our Lord's nativity, they have polluted by enormities too grievous to be
told, exceeding therein the wickedness of all the Saracens." (Seb.
Paoli, Cod. Diplom. del S. Mil. Ord. Gerusal. Said Ebn Batrik, II. 212.)
NOTE VI. It was Godfrey de Bouillon who brought these monks to Jerusalem
and gave them for their abbey the whole of the Valley of Jehoshaphat.
"The same Godfrey aforesaid had also brought monks from well-disciplined
cloisters, religious men, and distinguished by their holy conversation,
who during the whole of the journey, day and night, celebrated the
divine offices according to ecclesiastical usage. And when he obtained
the kingdom, he settled them at their own request in the Valley of
Jehoshaphat, and gave them an ample endowment." (William of Tyre, IX.
9.)
NOTE VII. In which place was a wonderful work built in the earliest
times of the Christian religion, as S. Jerome testifies in his writings.
It surpassed all the other buildings in size, workmanship, and design;
but was afterwards destroyed by the treacherous Gentiles: its ruins are
to be seen even to this day. Bongars, p. 574. De Vogüé says that the
author grounds his statement wrongly on an apocryphal letter of S.
Jerome. See Quaresmius, E. T. S. Tom. II. p. 244.
NOTE VIII. Brocardus writes: "The Sepulchre of the Virgin is covered
with earth to such an extent that the church built upon its site, though
its walls were lofty, and it had a noble roof, is now entirely buried
underground.... There was built, however, on the same site, and _upon
the surface of the ground_, a church or a building like a chapel, after
the repairing of the city. Having entered this, you will descend by
several steps _underground_ to the aforementioned church and the Tomb
of the Virgin; if I am not mistaken there are sixty steps. The tomb is
in the middle of the choir and in front of a marble altar beautifully
decorated, which the Saracens too most devoutly worship, falling down
before it and kissing it, and in a loud voice, as is their custom,
praying for the intercession of the Holy Virgin. I have been inside the
Sepulchre itself."
Willibrand (Leo Allat. Sym. p. 149) says, "We saw a church richly
adorned and in its midst a monument, covered on all sides with white,
i.e. virgin, marble."
NOTE IX. Father Geraldo Calvetti, guardian and keeper of Mount Sion,
took possession of the Sepulchre. The document which proves this is
found in the archives of the convent of S. Saviour at Jerusalem, under
the letter C. Quaresmius, I. 181: "These things were done at Jerusalem
before the gate and entrance of the said church of Our Blessed Lady of
the Valley of Jehoshaphat."
NOTE X. A firman, granted in 1852, allows the Latins to hold service in
the Sepulchre of the Virgin, after the Greeks and the Armenians,
enjoining upon them at the same time to take away on each occasion the
objects of worship. This firman, amongst the many false statements that
it makes, contains a few lines which are worth quoting: "it is just to
confirm the permission granted at all times to the Christians of the
Catholic rite to exercise their own form of worship in this place." In
spite of these previous concessions, &c. the Latins had been totally
driven out from it. Of what use are firmans when they are acquired at
will by presents of gold?
NOTE XI. Father Morone[903], Guardian of the Holy Land, relates that
towards the middle of the seventeenth century some tombstones were found
near the entrance of the Grotto of the Agony; and on them were
inscriptions belonging to the Latin Christians; but that he himself, who
had the oversight of the work, did not let them be uncovered, from fear
lest the Turks should take possession of them. If he had only taken a
copy of these epitaphs, we might possibly know the resting-place of some
of the more distinguished Crusaders. However, I conclude, from the fact
that he relates, that the existing passage was made at that time.
NOTE XII. In 1857 I obtained leave from the Superior of the Greek
convent to draw the ground-plan of the church. I set to work, and got as
far as the Armenian Chapel of S. Joseph, when the Armenian lay-keeper of
the chapel wished to hinder my continuing my work; I asked him as a
favour to let me go on, and offered him an acknowledgment, but he only
became more annoying still. At last I tried force, compelled him to
return to his sacristy, set a European servant to watch at the door,
and, regardless of his cries, persisted in my work. I mention this to
shew how great difficulties are met with, even amongst Christians of
other sects, in conducting any investigations respecting the monuments
that belong to them.
NOTE XIII. The olive-trees of the Garden of Gethsemane, says
Chateaubriand (Itinéraire, Vol. II.), belong at any rate to the later
empire. In Turkey, every olive-tree found already planted when the Turks
invaded Asia, pays a tax of a medino; those that have been planted since
the conquest pay to the Sultan the half of their fruit. Now, the eight
olive-trees of Gethsemane are taxed at eight medini.
NOTE XIV. The various elevations of the hills, and other special
localities of Jerusalem and its neighbourhood, are drawn in section.
(Plate IV.)
NOTE XV. The Jews had derived the worship of Moloch from the Canaanites.
Moloch and Saturn appear to have been the same deity: the way in which
they were worshipped is the same. The Carthaginians, who were descended
from the Canaanites, offered human victims to Saturn. "There was in
their city," says Diodorus Siculus (Book XX. chap. 14), "a bronze statue
representing Cronos (Saturn): it had its hands spread out, and bent down
towards the ground, so that the child that was put in its hands, rolling
itself up, fell into a fiery furnace." These cruel sacrifices continued
to prevail in Africa till the time of the Emperor Tiberius (Tertullian,
Apol. IX.). From Syria the practice passed into Europe. Agathocles, king
of Sicily, sacrificed two hundred children of the noblest families to
his deity, believing him to be angry. (Pescennius Festus in Lactant.
Divin. Instit. I. 21.)
The Rabbi Simon, in his commentary on Jeremiah (viii.), gives the
following description of the idol Moloch: "All the idol temples were in
the city of Jerusalem, except that of Moloch, which was in a place set
apart outside the city. It was a statue of bronze with the head of an
ox, and with the hands stretched out like those of a man who wishes to
receive something from another; within it was quite hollow. Before the
image were seven chapels; he who offered a dove, or any other bird, went
into the first; he who gave a lamb, or a sheep, into the second; into
the third for a wether; into the fourth for a calf; into the fifth for a
bull; into the sixth for an ox; while he who sacrificed his own son
entered the seventh chapel and embraced the idol, as it is said in Hosea
(xiii. 2), 'Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves.' The child was
set before the idol, beneath which a fire was kindled, till the bronze
became red hot; then the priest took the child, and put it between the
burning hands of Moloch, while the parents were bound to witness the
sacrifice without any expression of feeling. To prevent the cries of the
victims reaching them, drums and gongs were sounded! from this comes the
name _Topheth_, which signifies a drum. It was also called _Hinnom_,
because of the cries of the children, from _naham_, to cry, or,
according to another interpretation from the words which the priest used
to address to the parents, _Jehenelach_--this will be of service to
thee. King Josiah, in order to render the place an object of horror,
'defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the sons of Hinnom, that no
man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to
Moloch' (2 Kings xxiii. 10)."
NOTE XVI. So when Solomon is spoken of, it is said, "Solomon slept with
his fathers, and was buried in the city of David, his father" (1 Kings
xi. 43); and the same formula is used of the kings Rehoboam, Abijam,
Jehoshaphat, Ahaziah, Jehoiada, the priest (2 Chron. xxiv. 16), and the
kings Amaziah, Jotham, Josiah; while in the case of the rest different
expressions are used. Asa was buried "in his own sepulchres, which he
had made for himself in the city of David" (2 Chron. xvi. 14); therefore
he was not buried with his fathers. Jehoram was buried "in the city of
David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings" (2 Chron. xxi. 20). The
place of burial of the usurper Athaliah is not mentioned. Joash, in 2
Kings xii. 21, is buried "with his fathers in the city of David," while
in 2 Chron. xxiv. 25, it is said that "they buried him not in the
sepulchres of the kings." Uzziah "they buried with his fathers in the
field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for they said, He is a
leper" (2 Chron. xxvi. 23). Ahaz they "buried in the city, _even_ at
Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings of
Israel" (2 Chron. xxviii. 27). Hezekiah was buried "in the highest of
the sepulchres of the sons of David" (2 Chron. xxxii. 33). Manasseh "was
buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Uzza;" as also
was Amon, his successor (2 Kings xxi. 18, 26). Jehoahaz died in Egypt (2
Kings xxiii. 34). Eliakim, or Jehoiachim, according to Jeremiah (xxii.
19), is to be "buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth
beyond the gates of Jerusalem;" and (xxxvi. 30), "his dead body shall be
cast out in the day to the heat, and in the night to the frost;" from
all which we may the more certainly conclude that the sepulchres of the
other kings were within the gates of Jerusalem. Lastly, we have
Jehoiachin and Zedekiah led captive to Babylon, where they died.
NOTE XVII. Bede, who wrote in the eighth century (on the authority of
Arculf), calls the building of the Coenaculum a large church. In his
time there was in the neighbourhood a convent of monks. He says: "On the
upper part of Mount Sion there is a large church, surrounded by a great
number of monks' cells. The church was founded, it is said, by the
apostles, because it was there that they received the Holy Ghost, and
that Mary died. They shew there to this day the memorable place which
was the scene of our Lord's supper. In the middle of the church is a
column of marble, to which Jesus was bound when He was scourged."
FOOTNOTES:
[900] Persons who have seen them have told me that they were of the
veined red breccia of Palestine.
[901] These three inscriptions were traced in characters of the 12th
century.
[902] Lib. VII. ad fin. p. 289, ed. Bonn.
[903] Mariano Morone da Maleo, Terra Santa nuovamente illustrata.
Piacenza, 1669, 4to.
CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY
OF THE HISTORY AND EVENTS OF JERUSALEM.
B.C.
1913 Melchizedek, king of Salem, receives Abram at the Valley of
Shaveh, which is the King's Dale Gen. xiv. 17, 18.
1872 Sacrifice of Isaac on Mount Moriah _Ib._ xxii. 2-14.
1451 Adonizedek king of Jerusalem Josh. x. 1.
1444 The descendants of Judah dwell among the Jebusites at
Jerusalem _Ib._ xv. 63.
1425 The descendants of Benjamin dwell among the Jebusites at
Jerusalem Judges i. 21.
-- Jebus, the city of the Jebusites, is
Jerusalem _Ib._ xix. 10, 11.
1050 David reigns in Jerusalem over all Israel and Judah
2 Sam. v. 5.
1023 Death of Absalom, and his Pillar in the King's Dale
_Ib._ xviii. 14, 18.
1017 The prophets, Nathan and Gad, at Jerusalem
_Ib._ xxiv. 11; 1 Kings i. 11.
-- David buys the Threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite, and
builds there an Altar to God 2 Sam. xxiv. 24, 25.
-- Solomon proclaimed king at Jerusalem 1 Kings i. 39.
1015 Death of David, after 40 years' reign _Ib._ ii. 10, 11.
1014 Solomon begins to build the Temple _Ib._ vi. 1.
1007 The Temple finished _Ib._ vi. 38.
1004 Dedication of Solomon's Temple _Ib._ viii. 63.
992 Solomon forsakes God, and builds a high place to Chemosh, &c.
_Ib._ xi. 7.
977 Death of Solomon, after 40 years' reign _Ib._ xi. 42, 43.
-- Division of the Kingdom. Rehoboam, king of Judah, reigns 17
years _Ib._ xii. 17; xiv. 21.
973 Shishak, king of Egypt, besieges and takes Jerusalem
_Ib._ xiv. 25, 26.
960 Abijam, king of Judah, reigns 3 years _Ib._ xv. 1, 2.
958 Asa, king of Judah, reigns 41 years _Ib._ xv. 9, 10.
917 Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, reigns 25 years _Ib._ xxii. 42.
896 The prophet Elijah taken up to heaven. Elisha the prophet
2 Kings ii. 11, 12.
892 Joram, king of Judah, reigns 8 years _Ib._ viii. 16, 17.
887 The Philistines and Arabians pillage Judah
2 Chron. xxi. 16, 17.
885 Ahaziah, king of Judah, reigns 1 year 2 Kings viii. 25, 26.
884 Usurpation of the throne by Athaliah; reigns 6 years
_Ib._ xi. 1, 3.
878 Jehoash, king of Judah, reigns 40 years _Ib._ xii. 1.
856 Repairs of the Temple _Ib._ xii. 11-14.
840 Hazael, king of Syria, threatens Jerusalem _Ib._ xii. 18.
839 Amaziah, king of Judah, reigns 29 years _Ib._ xiv. 1, 2.
838 Jehoash, king of Israel, comes to Jerusalem as a conqueror
_Ib._ xiv. 17.
811 Azariah, king of Judah, reigns 52 years _Ib._ xv. 2.
787 The Prophet Amos Amos i. 1.
785 The Prophet Hosea Hosea i. 1.
759 Jotham, king of Judah, reigns 16 years; fortifies Ophel
2 Kings xv. 32; 2 Chr. xxvii. 3.
743 Ahaz, king of Judah, reigns 16 years _Ib._ xvi. 2.
-- Isaiah the Prophet. Micah the Prophet, in the days of Jotham
Isai. i. 1; Micah i. 1.
727 Hezekiah, king of Judah, reigns 29 years 2 Kings xviii. 2.
714 Judah invaded by Sennacherib the Assyrian _Ib._ xviii. 13.
713 Destruction of Sennacherib's army 2 Kings xix. 35.
698 Manasseh, king of Judah, reigns 55 years; fortifies Ophel
_Ib._ xxi. 1; 2 Chr. xxxiii. 14.
643 Amon, king of Judah, reigns 2 years _Ib._ xxi. 19.
641 Josiah, king of Judah, reigns 31 years _Ib._ xxii. 1.
629 The prophet Jeremiah Jer. i. 2.
-- The prophet Zephaniah Zephan. i. 1.
624 The Book of the Law found 2 Kings xxii. 8.
610-9 Josiah killed by Pharaoh-nechoh, king of Egypt
_Ib._ xxiii. 29.
-- Jehoahaz, king of Judah, reigns 3 months _Ib._ xxiii. 31.
-- Jehoiachim (Eliakim), king of Judah, reigns 11 years
_Ib._ xxiii. 34, 36.
606-5 Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, subdues Judea. Epoch
generally used to indicate the commencement of the Seventy
years' Captivity in Babylon _Ib._ xxiv. 1.
599-8 Jehoiachin, king of Judah, reigns 3 months. Jerusalem taken by
Nebuchadnezzar. _Ib._ xxiv. 12.
-- Zedekiah, king of Judah under the Chaldeans, reigns 11 years
_Ib._ xxiv. 18.
595 The Vision of the Prophet Ezekiel, in the thirtieth year after
the reformation of Josiah, by the river Chebar, in Babylon
Ezekiel i. 1.
589 The city of Jerusalem besieged by Nebuchadnezzar
2 Kings xxv. 1, 2.
588 Jeremiah in prison Jer. xxxvii. 15.
587 Destruction of Jerusalem; Zedekiah taken prisoner; the people
carried captive to Babylon 2 Kings xxv. 6, 9-11.
536 Return of the Jews to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel in the 1st
year of the reign of Cyrus Ezra i. 1; ii. 2.
521 The building of the Temple interrupted by order of Smerdis,
called by Ezra, Artaxerxes _Ib._ iii. 8; iv. 1, 21, 24.
520 Recommencement of the building of the Temple in the 2nd year
of Darius, king of Persia _Ib._ iv. 24; vi. 7-14.
517 Completion and Dedication of the Temple _Ib._ vi. 15, 16.
457 Ezra goes to Judea with many of the Jews, by order of
Artaxerxes _Ib._ vii. 1-8.
444 Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem, rebuilds the walls, and governs
the city until 432 Nehem. i. 1; ii. 1; iii.
332 The great high-priest Jaddua receives Alexander the Great at
Jerusalem.
-- Palestine under Greek and Roman Dominion.
323 Ptolemy, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, surprises
and takes Jerusalem.
320 Many Jews in captivity at Alexandria.
314 Antiochus the Great subdues Palestine.
301 Ptolemy Epiphanes recovers Palestine.
292 Death of Simon the Just.
170 Antiochus Epiphanes lays waste the city of Jerusalem, pillages
the Temple, and builds a fortress to command it.
167 Mattathias begins the war of Jewish Independence.
165 Judas Maccabeus delivers his Country, purifies and restores
the Temple at Jerusalem.
164 Antiochus Eupator besieges the Temple at Jerusalem.
160 Jonathan succeeds his brother, Judas Maccabeus.
144 Jonathan undertakes to fortify Jerusalem.
143 Simon Maccabeus, general of the Jews, delivers his Nation from
Macedonian servitude; takes the fortress commanding the
Temple, which he razes to the ground, and destroys the hill
upon which it was built.
135 Simon Maccabeus treacherously killed.
129 Antiochus Soter besieges Hyrcanus in Jerusalem. Hyrcanus
causes the Sepulchre of David to be opened, and takes from
it three thousand talents.
107 Aristobulus, the eldest son of Hyrcanus, prince of the Jews,
causes himself to be crowned king. Death of his brother
Antigonus in the subterranean passages of Strato's Tower at
Jerusalem.
79 Death of Alexander Janneus.
65 Aretas, king of Arabia, besieges Aristobulus in Jerusalem.
64-63 Pompey besieges the Temple of Jerusalem.
63 After a siege of three months Pompey carries the Temple by
assault.
54 Crassus pillages the Temple of Jerusalem.
47 Cæsar permits Hyrcanus to rebuild the Walls of Jerusalem.
44 Herod besieges Jerusalem.
43 Cassius in Judea.
40 Jerusalem taken by the Parthians; Phazaelus killed.
-- Herod besieges Jerusalem; is proclaimed king at Rome.
38 Herod, assisted by Sosius, takes Jerusalem by storm.
17 Herod rebuilds the Temple and the fortress of Baris, which he
calls Antonia. In the upper town he builds the Cæsarean and
Agrippan palaces, and excavates a subterranean passage from
the Tower Antonia to the Eastern gate of the Temple.
12 Herod causes the Sepulchre of David to be opened.
7 Herod causes his sons, Alexander and Aristobulus, to be
condemned in a large assembly at Berytus.
5 Sabinus at Jerusalem seizes the treasures left by Herod.
4 Birth of Jesus Christ. The Vulgar Era commences four years
later.
4 Death of Herod, who is interred at Herodium, and succeeded by
Archelaus.
* * * * *
A.D.
26 Death of Augustus, succeeded by Tiberius.
-- Pilate supplies Jerusalem with water by means of Aqueducts.
28 Jesus Christ keeps the second Passover at Jerusalem.
31 Death of Jesus Christ.
37 Birth of Flavius Josephus at Jerusalem.
38 Agrippa named king of the Jews by Caius Caligula.
42 Claudius confirms Agrippa's title as king.
44 King Agrippa begins to fortify Jerusalem, but is forbidden to
continue the work by the emperor Claudius.
-- Izates, king of Adiabene, and queen Helena, his mother,
embrace Judaism.
46 Death of Herod, king of Chalcis. The emperor Claudius gives
his dominions to Agrippa, son of king Agrippa the Great.
47 The insolence of a Roman soldier causes the death of twenty
thousand Jews at Jerusalem.
52 Death of the emperor Claudius. Nero succeeds him.
60 King Agrippa builds an apartment whence he can see all that
goes on in the precincts of the Temple.
62 Ananias, the high-priest, puts S. James to death.
65 Albinus and Gessius Florus persecute the Jews.
66 Cestius Gallus enters Jerusalem, and would have taken the
Temple, had he not imprudently raised the siege.
-- Cestius defeated at Gibeon by the Jews.
-- The Christian Jews, guided by their bishop, Simon, retire
beyond the Jordan, to the town of Pella. (See Eusebius,
Hist. Eccles. III. 5.)
-- The Jews prepare for war with the Romans. The emperor Nero
confers the command of his Syrian armies upon Vespasian, to
make war upon the Jews.
67 Vespasian and Titus proceed to Ptolemais with an army of
sixty thousand men.
-- Flavius Josephus made prisoner by Vespasian.
68 Vespasian begins to blockade Jerusalem.
-- Flavius Josephus set at liberty by Vespasian, who is now
become emperor.
69 Vespasian despatches Titus to Judea, to take Jerusalem.
70 Titus arrives at Jerusalem, in which place Simon had ten
thousand men, besides five thousand Idumeans. John had
eight thousand four hundred men. Total twenty-three
thousand four hundred.
-- Titus takes the city of Jerusalem, and reduces it to ruins.
-- Titus returns to view Jerusalem.
136-8 Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem, and calls it Ælia Capitolina.
306 Constantine proclaimed emperor.
326 The emperor Constantine and his mother Helena build many
churches in Palestine.
335 The Church of the Holy Sepulchre completed.
363 Under the reign of Julian the Apostate the Jews attempt to
rebuild the Temple.
396 Palestine a province of the Eastern Empire.
420 Patriarchate of Tiberius came to an end under Theodosius II.
436 Under the reign of Marcian, the general Council of Chalcedon
raises the Church of Jerusalem to the Patriarchal dignity.
527-565 Justinian, emperor of the East, builds churches in Palestine.
614 Chosroes II. enters Palestine and destroys the Church of the
Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem.
629 The emperor Heraclius carries back to Jerusalem the wood of
the Cross restored by Chosroes.
-- The Greek monk, Modestus, afterwards Patriarch, determines to
rebuild the Church of the Sepulchre.
636 Omar becomes master of Jerusalem under a capitulation arranged
with Sophronius the patriarch.
637 Omar orders the construction of a Mosque upon the site of the
Jewish Temple, and converts the basilica of S. Mary of
Justinian into the Mosque el-Aksa.
687-690 The Caliph Abd-el-Melik Ibn-Merwan erects the Mosque of Omar.
748 and subsequently. The Christians inhabit a separate quarter
of Jerusalem, and pay tribute.
786-809 Haroun-er-Raschid presents the keys of the Holy Sepulchre to
Charlemagne, king of the French.
842 Under the Caliphate of Al-Motassim, Tamim, surnamed Abu-Harb,
marches to Jerusalem and threatens to burn the churches,
but retires after receiving a sum of money.
878 Syria and Palestine conquered by Ahmed-ben-Touloun.
929-950 Interruption of the pilgrimages to Mecca, owing to the
invasion of the Carmathians; the Mosque of Omar at Jerusalem
replaces the Caaba.
936 Abubeker-Mohammed, surnamed Ikshide, makes himself master of
Palestine.
945 The eunuch Cafour master of Palestine until his death in 968.
972 Palestine in the power of Moezz-Ledin-Allah, caliph of the
dynasty of the Fatimites.
996 The caliph Al-Hakem-Biamr-Allah ascends the throne of Egypt.
1010 Hakem-Biamr-Allah destroys the Church of the Sepulchre at
Jerusalem.
1046 The Church of the Sepulchre rebuilt under caliph
Al-Mostanser-Billah. The emperor Constantine Monomachus
gives large sums towards the work.
1071 Atsiz takes Jerusalem from caliph Al-Mostanser-Billah, and
pillages many of the churches.
1095 Al-Mastaali-Billah, caliph of Egypt, sends an army to
Palestine under the command of Al-Afdhal-ibn-Bedr; Jerusalem
capitulates after 40 days' siege.
-- At the general Council of Clermont Peter the Hermit appears by
the side of Pope Urban II., and the Crusade is determined.
1099 The Crusaders, commanded by Godfrey of Bouillon, take
Jerusalem, Friday, July 15th.
1100 Death of Godfrey of Bouillon in the month of July.
1118 Death of Baldwin I.
1131 Death of Baldwin II.
-- Under the reign of Baldwin II. the military and religious
orders of S. John, or Hospitalers and Knights of the Temple,
are approved by the Pope.
1142 Fulk, count of Anjou, dies at Ptolemais.
1146 The second Crusade decided upon in the Assembly of Vezelay,
March 31st. Undertaken by Louis VII., king of France, and
Conrad, emperor of Germany, under the pontificate of
Eugenius III.
1162 Baldwin III. dies at Beyrout.
1173 Death of Amaury. This king witnessed the birth and development
of the power of Saladin.
1185 Death of Baldwin IV.
1186 Death of Baldwin V.
1187 Saladin destroys the army of Guy of Lusignan, July 4.
-- The Christians of Jerusalem capitulate to Saladin, October
2nd.
1189 Third Crusade under the pontificate of Clement III., Philip
Augustus, king of France, Richard Coeur de Lion, king of
England, Frederic Barbarossa, emperor of Germany.
1190 Death of Frederic Barbarossa on the Cydnus.
1191 Siege and capture of S. Jean d'Acre by Richard Coeur de Lion
and Philip Augustus.
1193 Death of Saladin at Damascus, the night of March 3rd.
1203 Fourth Crusade under the pontificate of Innocent III.
1205 Amaury II. dies in the Spring.
1212 Crusade of the fifty thousand children.
1217 Fifth Crusade under the pontificate of Honorius III.
1219 Francis of Assisi in Palestine.
1229 Sixth Crusade under the pontificate of Gregory IX. The sultan,
Malek-Kamel, cedes Jerusalem to Frederic without combat.
1239 The Christians reconstruct the ramparts of Jerusalem, with
Thibaut, count of Champagne, and king of Navarre; but the
prince of Kerek enters the city and destroys the new
fortifications and the Tower of David.
1240 Richard of Cornwall, brother of Henry III., king of England,
arrives in Palestine with an army of English Crusaders.
1244 The Tartars under Gengis Khan take and destroy Jerusalem.
-- Palestine remains in possession of the Egyptians.
1248 Louis IX. undertakes a Crusade under the pontificate of
Innocent IV.
1254 Louis IX. abandons Palestine upon the news of queen Blanche's
death.
1270 Louis IX. undertakes a fresh Crusade.
-- Louis IX. dies at Tunis, August 25th.
1271 Prince Edward, son of Henry III. of England, in the East. He
is wounded with a dagger by an emissary of the Old Man of
the Mountain, but is saved by the princess Eleanor, his
wife.
1291 The Crusaders lose S. Jean d'Acre, their last possession in
Palestine.
1313 Robert of Anjou, king of Naples, causes the disciples of
S. Francis of Assisi to be admitted into Jerusalem.
1491 The Franciscans of Mount Sion dispersed in the reign of sultan
Malec-dhaher-djahmak.
1517-18 Selim I., sultan of Constantinople, conquers Syria and
Palestine.
1534 Sultan Solyman, son of Selim I., builds the wall of the city,
together with many edifices and fountains.
1799 Napoleon Bonaparte in Palestine.
1832 Conquest of Syria and Palestine by Ibrahim Pasha.
1841 Syria and Palestine restored to the Sultan.
1859 Surraya Pasha, governor of Palestine, subdues the chiefs of
the country, and restores tranquillity.
1860 Massacre of the Christians in the Lebanon and at Damascus.
Palestine remains tranquil under the good government of
Surraya Pasha.
PRINCIPAL PASSAGES FROM THE HOLY BIBLE
BEARING UPON THE STATEMENTS IN THE TEXT.
GENESIS.
[Sidenote: Valley of Shaveh, which is the king's dale.]
"And the king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the
slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with him, at the
valley of Shaveh, which is the king's dale." xiv. 17. (page 1.)
[Sidenote: Salem.]
"And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine." xiv. 18.
(p. 1.)
[Sidenote: Moriah.]
"And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest,
and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt
offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." xxii. 2.
(pp. 17, 46.)
[Sidenote: Jehovah-jireh.]
"And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah-jireh: as it is said
to this day, In the mount of the Lord it shall be seen." xxii. 14. (pp.
17, 46.)
EXODUS.
[Sidenote: Altar of stone.]
"And if thou wilt make me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of
hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted
it." xx. 25. (p. 54.)
"Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness
be not discovered thereon." xx. 26. (p. 89.)
LEVITICUS.
[Sidenote: Altar.]
"And he shall kill it on the side of the altar northward before the
Lord: and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall sprinkle his blood round
about upon the altar." i. 11. (pp. 50, 89.)
[Sidenote: Place of the ashes.]
"And he shall pluck away his crop with his feathers, and cast it beside
the altar on the east part, by the place of the ashes." i. 16. (pp. 50,
92.)
DEUTERONOMY.
[Sidenote: Altar of stones.]
"And there shalt thou build an altar unto the Lord thy God, an altar of
stones: thou shalt not lift up any iron tool upon them." xxvii. 5. (p.
54.)
[Sidenote: Of whole stones.]
"Thou shalt build the altar of the Lord thy God of whole stones: and
thou shalt offer burnt offerings thereon unto the Lord thy God." xxvii.
6. (p. 54.)
JOSHUA.
[Sidenote: Jerusalem.]
"Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how
Joshua had taken Ai," &c. x. 1. (pp. 1, 2.)
[Sidenote: Jebusites.]
"As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of
Judah could not drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the
children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day." xv. 63. (p. 2.)
[Sidenote: Valley of the son of Hinnom.]
[Sidenote: Valley of the giants. En-Rogel.]
"And the border came down to the end of the mountain that lieth before
the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the valley of the
giants on the north, and descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side
of Jebusi on the south, and descended to En-rogel." xviii. 16. (pp. 17,
22, 188, 204, 290.)
JUDGES.
[Sidenote: Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem.]
"And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that
inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of
Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day." i. 21. (pp. 2, 22.)
[Sidenote: Jebus, which is Jerusalem.]
"But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed,
and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him
two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him." xix. 10. (p. 1.)
2 SAMUEL.
[Sidenote: David went to Jerusalem.]
"And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the
inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou
take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither:
thinking, David cannot come in hither." v. 6. (pp. 2, 16, 22.)
[Sidenote: Stronghold of Zion. City of David.]
"Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion: the same is the city of
David." v. 7. (pp. 2, 16, 22, 210.)
[Sidenote: Millo.]
"So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And David
built round about from Millo and inward." v. 9. (pp. 2, 16, 22, 23, 24,
210.)
[Sidenote: Hiram. Masons.]
"And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar-trees, and
carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house." v. 11. (p. 22.)
[Sidenote: Valley of Rephaim.]
"The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of
Rephaim." v. 18. (p. 194.)
[Sidenote: Mount Olivet.]
"And David went up by the ascent of mount Olivet, and wept as he went
up," &c. xv. 30. (p. 21.)
[Sidenote: Absalom.]
"And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and
laid a very great heap of stones upon him; and all Israel fled every one
to his tent." xviii. 17. (p. 182.)
[Sidenote: His place.]
"Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself a
pillar, which is in the king's dale: for he said, I have no son to keep
my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own name: and
it is called unto this day, Absalom's place." xviii. 18. (pp. 47, 182.)
[Sidenote: Araunah the Jebusite.]
"And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it,
the Lord repented him of the evil, and said to the angel that destroyed
the people, It is enough: stay now thine hand. And the angel of the Lord
was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite." xxiv. 16. (pp. 24,
46.)
[Sidenote: Altar on his threshingfloor.]
"And Gad came that day to David, and said unto him, Go up, rear an altar
unto the Lord in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite." xxiv. 18.
(pp. 24, 46.)
"So David bought the threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of
silver." xxiv. 24. (pp. 24, 46.)
"And David built there an altar unto the Lord, and offered burnt
offerings and peace offerings. So the Lord was intreated for the land,
and the plague was stayed from Israel." xxiv. 25. (pp. 24, 46.)
1 KINGS.
[Sidenote: En-Rogel.]
"And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of
Zoheleth, which is by En-rogel, and called all his brethren the king's
sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants." i. 9. (pp. 188,
290.)
[Sidenote: Gihon.]
"So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of
Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused
Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon." i.
38. (p. 21.)
"And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had
made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he
said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?" i. 41.
(p. 290.)
[Sidenote: David buried.]
"So David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David."
ii. 10. (p. 210.)
[Sidenote: Solomon, and the wall of Jerusalem.]
"And Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took
Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had
made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and
the wall of Jerusalem round about." iii. 1. (p. 24.)
[Sidenote: Builders of Solomon and Hiram.]
"And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew them, and the
stonesquarers: so they prepared timber and stones to build the house."
v. 18. (p. 48.)
[Sidenote: House which king Solomon built for the Lord.]
"And the house which king Solomon built for the Lord, the length thereof
was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty cubits, and the
height thereof thirty cubits." vi. 2. (p. 49.)
[Sidenote: Stone.]
"And the house, when it was in building, was built of stone made ready
before it was brought thither: so that there was neither hammer nor axe
nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building." vi.
7. (p. 48.)
[Sidenote: Oracle.]
"And the oracle he prepared in the house within, to set there the ark of
the covenant of the Lord." vi. 19. (p. 49.)
[Sidenote: Altar.]
"And the oracle in the forepart was twenty cubits in length, and twenty
cubits in breadth, and twenty cubits in the height thereof: and he
overlaid it with pure gold." vi. 20. (p. 49.)
[Sidenote: Stones.]
"All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewed
stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation
unto the coping, and so on the outside toward the great court." vii. 9.
(p. 48.)
"And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of
ten cubits, and stones of eight cubits." vii. 10. (p. 48.)
[Sidenote: Millo and the wall of Jerusalem.]
"And this is the reason of the levy which king Solomon raised; for to
build the house of the Lord, and his own house, and Millo, and the wall
of Jerusalem." ix. 15. (pp. 24, 25.)
"But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house
which Solomon had built for her: then did he build Millo." ix. 24. (p.
25.)
[Sidenote: High places in the hill before Jerusalem.]
"Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of
Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the
abomination of the children of Ammon." xi. 7. (p. 21, 204.)
[Sidenote: Millo.]
"And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king:
Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of David his
father." xi. 27. (pp. 24, 25.)
[Sidenote: Solomon buried.]
"And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David
his father." xi. 43. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Shishak.]
"And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak
king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem." xiv. 25. (pp. 2, 50.)
[Sidenote: Rehoboam buried.]
"And Rehoboam slept with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in
the city of David." xiv. 31. (p. 310.)
2 KINGS.
[Sidenote: Ahaziah buried.]
"And his servants carried him in a chariot to Jerusalem, and buried him
in his sepulchre with his fathers in the city of David." ix. 28. (p.
310.)
[Sidenote: Joash, House of Millo, Silla.]
"And his servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and slew Joash in the
house of Millo, which goeth down to Silla." xii. 20. (pp. 25, 253.)
[Sidenote: Conduit of upper pool.]
"And the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rabsaris and Rab-shakeh from
Lachish to king Hezekiah with a great host against Jerusalem. And they
went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they were come up, they came and
stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the
fuller's field." xviii. 17. (pp. 39, 241, 252.)
[Sidenote: The people on the wall.]
"Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto
Rab-shakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language;
for we understand it: and talk not with us in the Jews' language in the
ears of the people that are on the wall." xviii. 26. (p. 252.)
[Sidenote: Hezekiah.]
[Sidenote: Pool. Conduit. Water into the city.]
"And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he
made a pool, and a conduit, and brought water into the city, are they
not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?" xx.
20. (pp. 14, 24, 25, 32.)
"And Hezekiah slept with his fathers." xx. 21. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Manasseh buried in the garden of Uzza.]
"And Manasseh slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of
his own house, in the garden of Uzza." xxi. 18. (pp. 184, 310.)
[Sidenote: Amon buried in same place.]
"And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza." xxi. 26.
(pp. 184, 310.)
[Sidenote: Huldah.]
"So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and
Asahiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of
Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe; (now she dwelt in
Jerusalem in the college;) and they communed with her." xxii. 14. (pp.
25, 70.)
[Sidenote: Josiah. The graves of the children of the people.]
"And he brought out the grove from the house of the Lord, without
Jerusalem, unto the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and
stamped it small to powder, and cast the powder thereof upon the graves
of the children of the people." xxiii. 6. (pp. 39, 168.)
[Sidenote: Topheth, Hinnom.]
"And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of
Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through
the fire to Molech." xxiii. 10. (pp. 21, 310.)
[Sidenote: Places before Jerusalem.]
"And the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right
hand of the mount of corruption, which Solomon," &c. xxiii. 13. (p. 21.)
[Sidenote: Josiah buried.]
"And his servants carried him in a chariot dead from Megiddo, and
brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own sepulchre." xxiii.
30. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Nebuchadnezzar.]
"At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up
against Jerusalem, and the city was besieged." xxiv. 10. (pp. 2, 50.)
"And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the
mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen
and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the
land." xxiv. 14. (pp. 2, 50.)
[Sidenote: Gate between two walls. King's garden.]
"And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night by the
way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king's garden: (now
the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went the
way toward the plain." xxv. 4. (pp. 26, 182, 188.)
[Sidenote: Nebuzar-adan came unto Jerusalem.]
"And in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month, which is the
nineteenth year of king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, came
Nebuzar-adan, captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon,
unto Jerusalem." xxv. 8. (p. 2.)
[Sidenote: Burnt the house of the Lord, &c.]
"And he burnt the house of the Lord, and the king's house, and all the
houses of Jerusalem, and every great man's house burnt he with fire."
xxv. 9. (pp. 2, 50.)
[Sidenote: Walls of Jerusalem.]
"And all the army of the Chaldees, that were with the captain of the
guard, brake down the walls of Jerusalem round about." xxv. 10. (p. 2.)
[Sidenote: People that remained.]
"But the captain of the guard left of the poor of the land to be
vinedressers and husbandmen." xxv. 12. (p. 50.)
1 CHRONICLES.
[Sidenote: Castle of Zion. City of David.]
"And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither.
Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David."
xi. 5. (pp. 2, 16.)
"And David dwelt in the castle; therefore they called it the city of
David." xi. 7. (p. 22.)
[Sidenote: Works of David and Joab.]
"And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and
Joab repaired the rest of the city." xi. 8. (pp. 23, 24.)
[Sidenote: Ornan the Jebusite.]
"Then the angel of the Lord commanded Gad to say to David, that David
should go up, and set up an altar unto the Lord in the threshingfloor of
Ornan the Jebusite." xxi. 18. (pp. 24, 46.)
"So David gave to Ornan for the place six hundred shekels of gold by
weight." xxi. 25. (p. 46.)
[Sidenote: David built there an altar, &c.]
"And David built there an altar unto the Lord, and offered burnt
offerings and peace offerings, and called upon the Lord; and he answered
him from heaven by fire upon the altar of burnt offering." xxi. 26. (p.
46.)
2 CHRONICLES.
[Sidenote: Moriah.]
"Then Solomon began to build the house of the Lord at Jerusalem in mount
Moriah, where the Lord appeared unto David his father, in the place that
David had prepared in the threshingfloor of Ornan the Jebusite." iii. 1.
(pp. 17, 24.)
[Sidenote: House of God.]
"Now these are the things wherein Solomon was instructed for the
building of the house of God. The length by cubits after the first
measure was threescore cubits, and the breadth twenty cubits." iii. 3.
(p. 48.)
"And he made the most holy house, the length whereof was according to
the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof twenty
cubits." iii. 8. (p. 48.)
[Sidenote: Altar of brass.]
"Moreover he made an altar of brass, twenty cubits the length thereof,
and twenty cubits the breadth thereof, and ten cubits the height
thereof." iv. 1. (p. 49.)
[Sidenote: Solomon buried.]
"And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city of
David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead." ix. 31.
(p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Asa buried.]
"And they buried him in his own sepulchres, which he had made for
himself in the city of David, and laid him in the bed which was filled
with sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the
apothecaries' art: and they made a very great burning for him." xvi. 14.
(p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Jehoram buried.]
"Thirty and two years old was he when he began to reign, and he reigned
in Jerusalem eight years, and departed without being desired. Howbeit
they buried him in the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the
kings." xxi. 20. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Athaliah.]
"So they laid hands on her; and when she was come to the entering of the
horse gate by the king's house, they slew her there." xxiii. 15. (p.
26.)
[Sidenote: Joash buried.]
"And they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in
the sepulchres of the kings." xxiv. 25. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Amaziah buried.]
"And they brought him upon horses, and buried him with his fathers in
the city of Judah." xxv. 28. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Uzziah built towers at the corner gate and valley gate.]
"Moreover Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem at the corner gate, and at
the valley gate, and at the turning of the wall, and fortified them."
xxvi. 9. (p. 26.)
[Sidenote: Uzziah buried.]
"So Uzziah slept with his fathers, and they buried him with his fathers
in the field of the burial which belonged to the kings; for they said,
He is a leper: and Jotham his son reigned in his stead." xxvi. 23. (p.
310.)
[Sidenote: Jotham. Ophel.]
"He built the high gate of the house of the Lord, and on the wall of
Ophel he built much." xxvii. 3. (p. 25.)
[Sidenote: Ahaz buried.]
"And Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even
in Jerusalem: but they brought him not into the sepulchres of the kings
of Israel." xxviii. 27. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Hezekiah stopped the waters of the fountains.]
"He took counsel with his princes and his mighty men to stop the waters
of the fountains which were without the city: and they did help him."
xxxii. 3. (pp. 241, 252.)
[Sidenote: The people stopped all the fountains.]
"So there was gathered much people together, who stopped all the
fountains, and the brook that ran through the midst of the land, saying,
Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water?" xxxii. 4.
(pp. 241, 252.)
[Sidenote: Hezekiah repaired Millo.]
"Also he strengthened himself, and built up all the wall that was
broken, and raised it up to the towers, and another wall without, and
repaired Millo in the city of David, and made darts and shields in
abundance." xxxii. 5. (pp. 25, 252.)
[Sidenote: Stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon.]
"This same Hezekiah also stopped the upper watercourse of Gihon, and
brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David." xxxii.
30. (pp. 21, 241, 251, 252.)
[Sidenote: Hezekiah buried.]
"And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the
chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David." xxxii. 33. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Manasseh built on the west side of Gihon. Ophel.]
"Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the west
side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish gate,
and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height."
xxxiii. 14. (pp. 2, 17, 21, 26.)
[Sidenote: Manasseh buried.]
"So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own
house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead." xxxiii. 20. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Chaldees burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of
Jerusalem.]
"And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem,
and burnt all the palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the
goodly vessels thereof." xxxvi. 19. (p. 50.)
EZRA.
[Sidenote: House of God. Zerubbabel.]
"But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers, who were
ancient men, that had seen the first house, when the foundation of this
house was laid before their eyes, wept with a loud voice; and many
shouted aloud for joy." iii. 12. (p. 51.)
[Sidenote: Zerubbabel builds the house of God.]
"Then rose up Zerubbabel, ... and began to build the house of God which
is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them."
v. 2. (p. 51.)
[Sidenote: House of God. Cyrus.]
"In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a
decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be
builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the
foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore
cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits." vi. 3. (p. 51.)
NEHEMIAH.
[Sidenote: Gate of the valley. Dragon well. Dung port.]
"And I went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before the
dragon well, and to the dung port, and viewed the walls of Jerusalem,
which were broken down, and the gates thereof were consumed with fire."
ii. 13. (pp. 27, 286.)
[Sidenote: Gate of the fountain. King's pool.]
"Then I went on to the gate of the fountain, and to the king's pool: but
there was no place for the beast that was under me to pass." ii. 14. (p.
286.)
[Sidenote: The sheep gate. Tower Meah. Tower Hananeel.]
"Then Eliashib the high priest rose up with his brethren the priests,
and they builded the sheep gate; they sanctified it, and set up the
doors of it; even unto the tower of Meah they sanctified it, unto the
tower of Hananeel." iii. 1. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Fish gate.]
"But the fish gate did the sons of Hassenaah build." iii. 3. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Old gate repaired.]
"Moreover the old gate repaired Jehoiada the son of Paseah, and
Meshullam the son of Besodeiah." iii. 6. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: The broad wall.]
"... and they fortified Jerusalem unto the broad wall." iii. 8. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Tower of the furnaces.]
"... repaired the other piece, and the tower of the furnaces." iii. 11.
(p. 27.)
[Sidenote: The valley gate. The dung gate.]
"The valley gate repaired Hanun, and the inhabitants of Zanoah; they
built it, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars
thereof, and a thousand cubits on the wall unto the dung gate." iii. 13.
(pp. 27, 286.)
[Sidenote: The dung gate.]
"But the dung gate repaired Malchiah." iii. 14. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Gate of the fountain. Pool of Siloah. King's garden. The
stairs, &c.]
"But the gate of the fountain repaired Shallun ... he built it ... and
the wall of the pool of Siloah by the king's garden, and unto the stairs
that go down from the city of David." iii. 15. (pp. 27, 185, 210.)
[Sidenote: Sepulchres of David. Pool that was made.]
"After him repaired Nehemiah ... unto the place over against the
sepulchres of David, and to the pool that was made." iii. 16. (pp. 27,
210.)
[Sidenote: Ophel. The water gate.]
"Moreover the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel, unto the place over against the
water gate toward the east, and the tower that lieth out." iii. 26. (p.
27.)
[Sidenote: Wall of Ophel.]
"After them the Tekoites repaired another piece, over against the great
tower that lieth out, even unto the wall of Ophel." iii. 27. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: The east gate.]
"... After him repaired also Shemaiah the son of Shechaniah, the keeper
of the east gate." iii. 29. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Building of the wall.]
"They which builded on the wall, and they that bare burdens, with those
that laded, every one with one of his hands wrought in the work, and
with the other hand held a weapon." iv. 17. (p. 285.)
[Sidenote: Building of the wall.]
"For the builders, every one had his sword girded by his side, and so
builded. And he that sounded the trumpet was by me." iv. 18. (p. 285.)
[Sidenote: Wall finished.]
"So the wall was finished in the twenty and fifth day of the month Elul,
in fifty and two days." vi. 15. (p. 285.)
[Sidenote: Plain country round about Jerusalem.]
"And the sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both out of
the plain country round about Jerusalem, and from the villages of
Netophathi." xii. 28. (p. 43.)
[Sidenote: Villages round about Jerusalem.]
"Also from the house of Gilgal, and out of the fields of Geba and
Azmaveth: for the singers had builded them villages round about
Jerusalem." xii. 29. (p. 43.)
[Sidenote: Dung gate.]
"Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two
great companies of them that gave thanks, whereof one went on the right
hand upon the wall toward the dung gate." xii. 31. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Fountain and Water gates, Stairs, &c.]
"And at the fountain gate, which was over against them, they went up by
the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the
house of David, even unto the water gate eastward." xii. 37. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Tower of the furnaces. Broad wall.]
"And the other company of them that gave thanks went over against them,
and I after them, and the half of the people upon the wall, from beyond
the tower of the furnaces even unto the broad wall." xii. 38. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Gates, and Tower of Hananeel.]
"And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above
the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even
unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate." xii. 39.
(pp. 27, 144, 286.)
ECCLESIASTES.
[Sidenote: Gardens.]
"I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kind
of fruits." ii. 5. (p. 246.)
[Sidenote: Pools.]
"I made me pools of water, to water therewith the wood that bringeth
forth trees." ii. 6. (p. 246.)
ISAIAH.
[Sidenote: Upper pool. Fuller's field.]
"Then said the Lord unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and
Shear-jashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the
highway of the fuller's field." vii. 3. (pp. 241, 251.)
[Sidenote: Waters of Shiloah.]
"Forasmuch as this people refuseth the waters of Shiloah that go softly,
and rejoice in Rezin and Remaliah's son." viii. 6. (p. 185.)
[Sidenote: Lower pool.]
"Ye have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they are
many: and ye gathered together the waters of the lower pool." xxii. 9.
(p. 209.)
[Sidenote: Of the old pool.]
"Ye made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old
pool: but ye have not looked unto the maker thereof, neither had respect
unto him that fashioned it long ago." xxii. 11. (p. 31.)
[Sidenote: Kings of Assyria. Conduit of upper pool. Fuller's field.]
"And the king of Assyria sent Rab-shakeh from Lachish to Jerusalem unto
king Hezekiah with a great army. And he stood by the conduit of the
upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field." xxxvi. 2. (p. 39.)
[Sidenote: People on the wall.]
"Then said Eliakim and Shebna and Joah unto Rab-shakeh, Speak, I pray
thee, unto thy servants in the Syrian language; for we understand it:
and speak not to us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the people
that are on the wall." xxxvi. 11. (p. 252.)
"Then the angel of the Lord went forth, and smote in the camp of the
Assyrians a hundred and fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose
early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses." xxxvii. 36.
(p. 241.)
JEREMIAH.
[Sidenote: Tophet. Hinnom.]
"Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that it shall no more
be called Tophet, nor the valley of the son of Hinnom, but the valley of
slaughter: for they shall bury in Tophet, till there be no place." vii.
32. (pp. 21, 205.)
[Sidenote: Hinnom. East gate.]
"And go forth unto the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the
entry of the east gate, and proclaim there the words that I shall tell
thee." xix. 2. (p. 286.)
[Sidenote: Tophet.]
"And shalt say unto them, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Even so will I
break this people and this city, as one breaketh a potter's vessel,
that cannot be made whole again: and they shall bury them in Tophet,
till there be no place to bury." xix. 11. (pp. 21, 205, 206.)
[Sidenote: Gate of Benjamin.]
"Then Pashur smote Jeremiah the prophet, and put him in the stocks that
were in the high gate of Benjamin, which was by the house of the Lord."
xx. 2. (p. 26.)
[Sidenote: Jehoiakim's burial.]
"He shall be buried with the burial of an ass, drawn and cast forth
beyond the gates of Jerusalem." xxii. 19. (p. 310.)
[Sidenote: Graves of the common people.]
"And they fetched forth Urijah out of Egypt, and brought him unto
Jehoiakim the king; who slew him with the sword, and cast his dead body
into the graves of the common people." xxvi. 23. (pp. 39, 168.)
[Sidenote: Gate of the corner. Tower of Hananeel.]
"Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the city shall be built to
the Lord from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner." xxxi.
38. (p. 26.)
[Sidenote: Gareb. Goath.]
"And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill
Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath." xxxi. 39. (p. 18.)
[Sidenote: Valley of the dead bodies, &c.]
[Sidenote: Horse gate.]
"And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the
fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate
toward the east, shall be holy unto the Lord; it shall not be plucked
up, nor thrown down any more for ever." xxxi. 40. (p. 26.)
[Sidenote: Jeremiah's dungeon.]
"When Jeremiah was entered into the dungeon, and into the cabins, and
Jeremiah had remained there many days." xxxvii. 16. (p. 229.)
[Sidenote: Bakers' street.]
"Then Zedekiah the king commanded that they should commit Jeremiah into
the court of the prison, and that they should give him daily a piece of
bread out of the bakers' street, until all the bread in the city were
spent. Thus Jeremiah remained in the court of the prison." xxxvii. 21.
(p. 229.)
[Sidenote: Gate between the two walls. King's garden.]
"Then the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled, and went
forth out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two
walls, which was by the king's garden; (now the Chaldeans were by the
city round about:) and they went by the way of the plain." lii. 7. (pp.
26, 188.)
[Sidenote: People carried away captive.]
"This is the people whom Nebuchadnezzar carried away captive: in the
seventh year three thousand Jews and three and twenty." lii. 28. (p.
50.)
"In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar he carried away captive from
Jerusalem eight hundred thirty and two persons." lii. 29. (p. 50.)
"In the three and twentieth year of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuzar-adan the
captain of the guard carried away captive of the Jews seven hundred
forty and five persons: all the persons were four thousand and six
hundred." lii. 30. (p. 50.)
EZEKIEL.
[Sidenote: Cubits.]
"And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in the
man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits long by the cubit and an hand
breadth: so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the
height, one reed." xl. 5. (p. 283.)
[Sidenote: Tables of sin offering.]
"And in the porch of the gate were two tables on this side, and two
tables on that side, to slay thereon the burnt offering and the sin
offering and the trespass offering." xl. 39. (pp. 55, 91.)
[Sidenote: North gate, tables.]
"And at the side without, as one goeth up to the entry of the north
gate, were two tables; and on the other side, which was at the porch of
the gate, were two tables." xl. 40. (p. 50, 55, 91.)
[Sidenote: Cubits.]
"I saw also the height of the house round about: the foundations of the
side chambers were a full reed of six great cubits." xli. 8. (p. 283.)
[Sidenote: East Gate.]
"And the glory of the Lord came into the house by the way of the gate
whose prospect is towards the east." xliii. 4. (p. 27.)
[Sidenote: Carcases of the kings.]
"... shall the house of Israel no more defile, neither they, nor their
kings, by their whoredom, nor by the carcases of their kings in their
high places." xliii. 7.
"Now let them put away their whoredom, and the carcases of their kings,
far from me, and I will dwell in the midst of them for ever." xliii. 9.
[Sidenote: Cubit.]
"And these are the measures of the altar after the cubits: The cubit is
a cubit and an hand breadth." xliii. 13. (pp. 49, 283.)
[Sidenote: Waters.]
"Afterward he brought me again unto the door of the house; and, behold,
waters issued out from under the threshold of the house eastward: for
the forefront of the house stood toward the east, and the waters came
down from under from the right side of the house, at the south side of
the altar." xlvii. 1. (p. 256.)
JOEL.
[Sidenote: Valley of Jehoshaphat.]
"I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the
valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and
for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and
parted my land." iii. 2. (pp. 168, 307.)
[Sidenote: Valley of Jehoshaphat.]
"Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat:
for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about." iii. 12.
(pp. 168, 307.)
MICAH.
[Sidenote: Zion a field.]
"Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem
shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of
the forest." iii. 12. (pp. 3, 193.)
ZEPHANIAH.
[Sidenote: Fish gate. Second gate.]
"And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord, that there shall
be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from the
second, and a great crashing from the hills." i. 10. (pp. 25, 26.)
S. MATTHEW.
[Sidenote: Fig tree.]
"And when he saw a fig tree in the way, he came to it, and found nothing
thereon, but leaves only, and said unto it, Let no fruit grow on thee
henceforward for ever. And presently the fig tree withered away." xxi.
19. (p. 204.)
[Sidenote: Gethsemane.]
"Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Gethsemane, and saith
unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder." xxvi. 36.
(p. 177.)
[Sidenote: Jesus prayed.]
"And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying,
O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless
not as I will, but as thou wilt." xxvi. 39. (p. 177.)
[Sidenote: Disciples asleep.]
"And he cometh unto the disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith
unto Peter, What, could ye not watch with me one hour?" xxvi. 40. (p.
179.)
[Sidenote: Judas.]
"And while he yet spake, lo, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with
him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief priests and
elders of the people." xxvi. 47. (p. 179.)
[Sidenote: Betrayal.]
"Now he that betrayed him gave them a sign, saying, Whomsoever I shall
kiss, that same is he: hold him fast." xxvi. 48. (p. 179.)
[Sidenote: Caiaphas.]
"And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high
priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled." xxvi. 57. (p.
220.)
[Sidenote: St. Peter.]
"Now Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him,
saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee." xxvi. 69. (p. 221.)
[Sidenote: S. Peter's denial.]
"But he denied before them all, saying, I know not what thou sayest."
xxvi. 70. (p. 221.)
[Sidenote: S. Peter wept bitterly.]
"And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the
cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he went out, and wept
bitterly." xxvi. 75. (p. 221.)
[Sidenote: Potter's field.]
"And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury
strangers in." xxvii. 7. (p. 206.)
[Sidenote: Field of Blood.]
"Wherefore that field was called, The field of blood, unto this day."
xxvii. 8. (p. 206.)
[Sidenote: Crown of thorns.]
"And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head,
and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before him, and
mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews!" xxvii. 29. (p. 138.)
[Sidenote: Crucify him.]
"And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him,
and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him." xxvii.
31. (p. 138.)
[Sidenote: Cyrenian, Simon by name.]
"And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him
they compelled to bear his cross." xxvii. 32. (p. 142.)
[Sidenote: Golgotha.]
"And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a
place of a skull." xxvii. 33. (pp. 107, 122.)
[Sidenote: Parting the garments.]
"And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots." xxvii.
35.
[Sidenote: Rocks rent.]
"And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to
the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent." xxvii. 51.
[Sidenote: Joseph.]
"And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen
cloth," xxvii. 59. (p. 103.)
[Sidenote: New tomb.]
"And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and
he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed."
xxvii. 60. (p. 103.)
[S. Mary Magdalene.]
"And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over against
the sepulchre." xxvii. 61. (p. 104.)
[Sidenote: Angel rolled back the stone.]
"And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord
descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door,
and sat upon it." xxviii. 2. (pp. 116, 118.)
S. MARK.
[Sidenote: Passover.]
"And wheresoever he shall go in, say ye to the goodman of the house, The
Master saith, Where is the guest-chamber, where I shall eat the passover
with my disciples?" xiv. 14. (p. 216.)
[Sidenote: Large upper room.]
"And he will shew you a large upper room furnished and prepared: there
make ready for us." xiv. 15. (p. 216.)
[Sidenote: Sepulchre.]
"And entering into the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the
right side, clothed in a long white garment; and they were affrighted."
xvi. 5. (p. 118.)
S. LUKE.
[Sidenote: The rich man (Dives).]
"There was a certain rich man, which was clothed in purple and fine
linen, and fared sumptuously every day." xvi. 19. (p. 142.)
[Sidenote: Lazarus.]
"And there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, which was laid at his
gate, full of sores." xvi. 20. (p. 142.)
[Sidenote: Jesus wept over the city.]
"And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it." xix.
41. (p. 190.)
[Sidenote: Coenaculum.]
"And he shall shew you a large upper room furnished: there make ready."
xxii. 12. (p. 216.)
[Sidenote: Gethsemane.]
"And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it
were great drops of blood falling down to the ground." xxii. 44. (p.
177.)
[Sidenote: Herod. Pilate.]
"And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and
arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate." xxiii.
11. (p. 141.)
[Sidenote: Daughters of Jerusalem.]
"But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for
me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children." xxiii. 28. (p.
144.)
[Sidenote: Sepulchre hewn in stone.]
"And he took it down, and wrapped it in linen, and laid it in a
sepulchre that was hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid."
xxiii. 53. (p. 103.)
[Sidenote: Emmaus.]
"And, behold, two of them went that same day to a village called Emmaus,
which was from Jerusalem about threescore furlongs." xxiv. 13.
[Sidenote: Bethany.]
"And he led them out as far as to Bethany, and he lifted up his hands,
and blessed them." xxiv. 50. (p. 191.)
S. JOHN.
[Sidenote: Temple.]
"Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building,
and wilt thou rear it up in three days?" ii. 20. (pp. 53, 55.)
[Sidenote: Bethesda.]
"Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool, which is called
in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda, having five porches." v. 2. (pp. 59, 66.)
"And immediately the man was made whole, and took up his bed, and
walked: and on the same day was the sabbath." v. 9. (p. 66.)
[Sidenote: Siloam.]
"And said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam, (which is by
interpretation, Sent.) He went his way therefore, and washed, and came
seeing." ix. 7. (pp. 185, 187.)
[Sidenote: Bethany.]
"Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen furlongs off." xi.
18. (p. 201.)
[Sidenote: Cave of Lazarus.]
"Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave. It was a
cave, and a stone lay upon it." xi. 38. (p. 201.)
[Sidenote: Raising of Lazarus.]
"And when he had thus spoken, he cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come
forth." xi. 43. (p. 201.)
[Sidenote: Cedron. Garden.]
"When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples
over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered,
and his disciples." xviii. 1. (pp. 170, 177.)
[Sidenote: Annas. Caiaphas.]
"And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas,
which was the high priest that same year." xviii. 13. (p. 156.)
[Sidenote: Pilate.]
"Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and
said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?" xviii. 33. (pp. 135, 137,
295.)
[Sidenote: Scourged by Pilate.]
"Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him." xix. 1. (p. 139.)
[Sidenote: Pavement. Gabbatha.]
"When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he brought Jesus forth, and
sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement,
but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha." xix. 13. (p. 295.)
[Sidenote: Golgotha.]
"And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a
skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha." xix. 17. (pp. 107, 122.)
[Sidenote: Place of Crucifixion.]
"This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was
crucified was nigh to the city: and it was Written in Hebrew, and Greek,
and Latin." xix. 20. (p. 103.)
[Sidenote: Garments of Jesus.]
"Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments,
and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the
coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout." xix. 23.
[Sidenote: Garden. New Sepulchre.]
"Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden; and in the
garden a new sepulchre, wherein was never man yet laid." xix. 41. (pp.
32, 103, 104.)
[Sidenote: nigh at hand.]
"There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation day;
for the sepulchre was nigh at hand." xix. 42. (p. 104.)
[Sidenote: Gardener.]
"Jesus saith unto her, Woman, why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? She,
supposing him to be the gardener, saith unto him, Sir, if thou have
borne him hence, tell me where thou hast laid him, and I will take him
away." xx. 15.
THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES.
[Sidenote: Ascension.]
"And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken
up; and a cloud received him out of their sight." i. 9. (p. 191.)
[Sidenote: Ye men of Galilee.]
"Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven?
this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come
in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven." i 11. (p. 191.)
[Sidenote: Sabbath-day's journey.]
"Then returned they unto Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which
is from Jerusalem a sabbath day's journey." i. 12. (pp. 21, 191, 284.)
[Sidenote: Aceldama.]
"And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as that
field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say, The
field of blood." i. 19. (p. 206.)
[Sidenote: Pentecost.]
"And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one
accord in one place." ii. 1. (p. 217.)
[Sidenote: Sepulchre of David.]
"Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David,
that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us unto this
day." ii. 29. (p. 211.)
[Sidenote: Gate of the temple.]
"And a certain man lame from his mother's womb was carried, whom they
laid daily at the gate of the temple which is called Beautiful, to ask
alms of them that entered into the temple." iii. 2.
[Sidenote: S. Stephen stoned.]
"And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid
down their clothes at a young man's feet, whose name was Saul." vii. 58.
(pp. 168, 223.)
[Sidenote: S. James martyred.]
"And he killed James the brother of John with the sword." xii. 2. (p.
157.)
PASSAGES FROM JOSEPHUS'S ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS,
TAKEN FROM THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF
WILLIAM WHISTON, A.M.
[Sidenote: King of Salem.]
[Sidenote: King's Dale.]
"So Abram, when he had saved the captive Sodomites, who had been taken
by the Assyrians, and Lot also, his kinsman, returned home in peace. Now
the king of Sodom met him at a certain place, which they called the
King's Dale, where Melchisedec, king of the city Salem, received him.
That name signifies the righteous king; and such he was, without
dispute, insomuch that, on this account, he was made the priest of God:
however, they afterwards called Salem Jerusalem." Book I. chap. X. par.
2.
[Sidenote: King of Jerusalem.]
"But the king of Jerusalem took it to heart, that the Gibeonites had
gone over to Joshua; so he called upon the kings of the neighbouring
nations to join together, and make war against them." V. I. 17.
[Sidenote: The allies, that is, the tribes of Judah and Simeon. The
lower city.]
"And when they had taken the greatest part of them [the cities], they
besieged Jerusalem; and when they had taken the lower city, which was
not under a considerable time, they slew all the inhabitants; but the
upper city was not to be taken without great difficulty, through the
strength of its walls, and the nature of the place." V. II. 2.
[Sidenote: David takes the city by assault.]
"Now the Jebusites, who were the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and were by
extraction Canaanites, shut their gates, and placed the blind, and the
lame, and all their maimed persons, upon the wall, in way of derision of
the king; and said, that the very lame themselves would hinder his
entrance into it. This they did out of contempt of his power, and as
depending on the strength of their walls. David was hereby enraged, and
began the siege of Jerusalem, and employed his utmost diligence and
alacrity therein, as intending by the taking of this place to
demonstrate his power, and to intimidate all others that might be of the
like [evil] disposition towards him; so he took the lower city by force,
but the citadel held out still; whence it was that the king, knowing
that the proposal of dignities and rewards would encourage the soldiers
to greater actions, promised that he who should first go over the
ditches that were beneath the citadel, and should ascend to the citadel
itself and take it, should have the command of the entire people
conferred upon him. So they all were ambitious to ascend, and thought no
pains too great in order to ascend thither; out of their desire of the
chief command. However, Joab, the son of Zeruiah, prevented the rest;
and as soon as he was got up to the citadel, cried out to the king, and
claimed the chief command." VII. III. 1.
[Sidenote: City of David.]
"When David had cast the Jebusites out of the citadel, he also rebuilt
Jerusalem, and named it, 'The City of David,' and abode there all the
time of his reign." VII. III. 2.
[Sidenote: Hiram, king of Tyre.]
[Sidenote: The lower city united with the upper.]
"Hiram also, the king of the Tyrians, sent ambassadors to him, and made
a league of mutual friendship and assistance with him. He also sent him
presents, cedar-trees and mechanics, and men skilful in building and
architecture, that they might build him a royal palace at Jerusalem. Now
David made buildings round about the lower city: he also joined the
citadel to it, and made it one body; and when he had encompassed all
with walls, he appointed Joab to take care of them. It was David,
therefore, who first cast the Jebusites out of Jerusalem, and called it
by his own name, the City of David: for under our forefather, Abraham,
it was called [Salem or] Solyma." VII. III. 2.
[Sidenote: Araunah the Jebusite is saved by David.]
"I shall now make mention of Araunah, who was a wealthy man among the
Jebusites, but was not slain by David in the siege of Jerusalem, because
of the good-will he bore to the Hebrews, and a particular benignity and
affection which he had to the king himself, which I shall take a more
seasonable opportunity to speak a little of afterwards." VII. III. 3.
[Sidenote: Tomb of Absalom.]
"Joab's armour-bearers stood round about the tree, and pulled down his
dead body, and cast it into a great chasm that was out of sight, and
laid a heap of stones upon him till the cavity was filled up, and had
both the appearance and bigness of a grave." VII. X. 2.
[Sidenote: Absalom's Pillar. King's Dale.]
"Now Absalom had erected for himself a marble pillar in the king's dale,
two furlongs distant from Jerusalem, which he named Absalom's Hand."
VII. X. 3.
[Sidenote: Gibeon forty furlongs from Jerusalem.]
"And when he was come to Gibeon, which is a village forty furlongs
distant from Jerusalem." VII. XI. 7.
[Sidenote: Altar in the threshing floor of Araunah.]
"And sent Gad the prophet to him, and commanded him to go up immediately
to the threshing floor of Araunah, the Jebusite, and build an altar
there to God, and offer sacrifices." VII. XIII. 4.
[Sidenote: Mount Moriah.]
"Now it happened that Abraham came and offered his son Isaac for a
burnt-offering at that very place." VII. XIII. 4.
[Sidenote: Place of the temple.]
"Now when king David saw that God had heard his prayer, and had
graciously accepted of his sacrifice, he resolved to call that entire
place the altar of all the people, and to build a temple to God there."
VII. XIII. 4.
[Sidenote: David buried at Jerusalem.]
"He was buried by his son Solomon, in Jerusalem, with great
magnificence, and with all the other funeral pomp which kings used to be
buried with; moreover, he had great and immense wealth buried with him."
VII. XV. 3.
[Sidenote: Solomon fortifies Jerusalem.]
"He married the daughter of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and built the walls
of Jerusalem, much larger and stronger than those that had been before,
and thenceforward he managed public affairs very peaceably." VIII. II.
1.
[Sidenote: Foundations of the temple.]
"Now, therefore, the king laid the foundations of the temple very deep
in the ground, and the materials were strong stones, and such as would
resist the force of time." VIII. III. 2.
[Sidenote: Dimensions of the temple.]