number of persons fed under, _ibid._;
expense incurred under, 319.
Cork, surrendered to Cromwell, 10;
act for erecting a workhouse in, 42;
regulations for the government of, 43;
exempted from the provisions of the act for providing for deserted
children, 81;
assistant-commissioners sent to, 234, 236;
union, establishment of, 251;
progress of, 262;
workhouse, inconvenient state of, in 1841, 262.
Corn-laws, alteration of, 311.
Corporate bodies, boards of guardians constituted, 224.
—— to vote for guardians by their officers, 230.
Corporations in Ireland, act for the establishment of, 52;
regulations for, _ibid._
Correspondence of assistant-commissioners with the Dublin board, 241.
Cosherers, act against, 34.
Cost of relief, increase of in 1847, 329;
of subsistence in 1851, 391;
in 1853, 397.
Cottages in Donegal, miserable appearance of, 201.
Cottier-tenants, deterioration of the soil by, 160.
Cottiers, Irish, extreme charity towards mendicants, 206;
reasons of, _ibid._, 207.
Counties made answerable for robberies, 39.
County-cess collectors may be appointed to collect the poor-rates, 228.
County hospitals, act for the establishment of, 74.
—— infirmaries, number of, number of patients in, and incomes of, in
1830, 101.
—— magistrates to be ex-officio guardians, but not to exceed in number
one-third of the number of elected guardians, 174.
Coynie and liveries, grievances occasioned by, 23.
Cromwell, conquest of Ireland by, 10.
Crops, deficiency of, in Ireland, in 1839, 257.
Cultivated land in Great Britain and Ireland, comparative quantities
and produce of, 131.
Cultivation of land, extension of needed in Donegal, 201.
Cumulative voting, answer to the objections against, 207.
Customs, barbarous, existing in Ireland in 1634-5, 33.
Dancing, universality of among the labouring poor in Ireland, 64.
Danes, irruptions of, into Ireland, 3.
Day-labourers, no employment for, in Ireland, 161.
Deaf dumb and blind poor, recommendation of a provision for, 128;
to be sent to institutions, and their maintenance to be paid for by
guardians, 292.
Deceased poor, boards of guardians enabled to provide for the burial
of, 354.
Demoralization of the poor, fallacious objection that a system of
poor-laws would occasion, 163.
Depôts for emigrants, the establishment of recommended, 137.
—— de mendicité, in Holland and Belgium, defects of, 213.
—— for meal, determination not to establish government, in 1846, 313.
Dermod, king of Leinster, expelled by O'Connor, king of Connaught,
seeks the assistance of Henry the Second of England, 3.
Deserted children, provision for, 49;
act for providing for, 81.
Deserving poor allowed to beg, 56.
Destitute persons, means of emigration to be provided for, 143;
a legal provision for, an indispensable preliminary to the
suppression of mendicancy, 167;
danger of their flocking to one union in case of there being no law
of settlement, how to be obviated, 181;
Irish in England, strong disinclination of to the restrictions of a
workhouse, 196, 197;
poor, work to be provided for in workhouses, 225.
Destitution, inquiry as to why the Irish labouring poor do not provide
against, 122;
the workhouse the all-sufficient test of, 152.
Deterioration and misery of a too-rapidly increasing population, 90.
Dietaries, workhouse, order for, 252.
Difficulties in deciding upon objects for out-door relief, 204.
Distress, unexampled, of the Irish labouring poor in 1822, 91;
parliamentary grants in aid of, _ibid._;
amount of subscriptions to alleviate, 92;
government advances to be made to relieve in 1822, 80;
again occurs in Ireland owing to a failure of crops in 1839 and 1842,
256, 285;
amount of government relief afforded, _ibid., note:f114#_;
and again most severely in 1846 to 1849, 307 to 360.
Distressed unions, number of assisted, 360;
further advance to in 1853, 396.
Divisions on the Irish Poor Law bill in the house of commons, 210;
in the house of lords, 220.
Divisional chargeability, dissatisfaction with, 297.
Diocesses of Ireland, a free school to be established in each of the,
25.
Discussion on the first reading of the Irish Poor Law bill in 1837,
194.
Dispensaries, local, act for the establishment of, 74;
number of in 1830, and number of patients relieved by, 103;
number of in 1836, 126.
Dispensary districts, enactment for dividing unions into, 383.
Donegal, peculiar condition of the county of, 200.
Doyle, Dr., evidence of on the condition of the poor in Ireland, 98,
100, 106.
Draining of bogs and marshes recommended as a means of providing
employment for the labouring poor, 88, 89.
Drogheda stormed by Cromwell, 10.
Drunkenness or disobedience in a workhouse, punishment for, 227.
Dublin, assistant-commissioner stationed at, 234.
Dublin Foundling Hospital, account of, 85;
objects of, _ibid._;
means of support of, _ibid._;
parliamentary grants to, 86;
number of admissions of children to, _ibid._;
state of in 1839, 248;
formed into a workhouse, 250.
—— House of Industry, account of, 83;
means of support of, 84;
sums raised for, _ibid._;
management of, _ibid._;
number of admissions to, 85;
state of in 1839, 247, 248;
formed into a workhouse, 250.
—— Mendicity Society, difficulty of supporting, 165;
application of the officers of, for compensation, 253;
closing of, 261.
—— Society, grant of money to, 73.
—— workhouse, act for erecting in 1703, 35;
regulations for the government of, 36;
rate to be levied for the support of, 37;
merged in the Foundling Hospital, 38;
workhouses, establishment of, 250;
progress of, 261.
—— unions, examples afforded by, of the efficacy of the workhouse test,
343;
numbers relieved in, _ibid._
Dunmanway union, separate rating of electoral divisions abolished in,
305.
Dwellings, overcrowding of, productive of fevers, 78.
Earth-tillers, act of Henry VIII. for the protection of, 20.
Ebrington, Lord (now Earl Fortescue), exertions of, in favour of the
establishment of the new Poor Law, 250.
Ecclesiastical promotion, directions for regulating, 21.
Education adopted as a means of extending the Reformation, 25;
effects of, 26;
of the poor in Ireland, generality of, 63;
the necessity of not interfering with religious belief in, pointed
out, 110;
of workhouse children, arrangements for, 264;
nature of, 391.
Egyptians, or feigned Egyptians, to be punished as vagabonds, 30.
Eighth Report of proceedings in 1846 under the New Poor Law Act in
Ireland, 303.
Election districts for guardians, power of the Poor Law Commissioners
to form, 175.
Election of guardians, the first proceedings under the new Poor Law
Act, 242;
amended order for, 302.
Electoral divisions, difficulties arising from having adopted, 288;
number of in 1846, 304;
two or more may be combined for the election of a guardian, 368;
increase in the number of, 373, 384.
Electors of guardians, who ought to be, 173.
Elizabeth, assimilation by of the ecclesiastical establishments in
Ireland to those of England, 4.
Emigration, notice of, 65;
recommended as a means of alleviating the state of the poor in
Ireland, 100;
recommendation of as a government measure in 1830, 106;
recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry as a means of relieving
the distress in Ireland, 136;
direct interposition in favour of, not recommended, 185;
probability of its weakening the parent stock, 186;
if necessary, to be promoted by the equal contributions of government
and the district relieved, 186;
rates for, how to be raised, 226;
view of the Irish Poor Law Commission as to, 255;
defects in the Irish Poor Relief Act for providing means for, 275;
want of funds for promoting, 287;
amount of, in 1846-7, 327, 328;
enactment giving guardians the power to assist, 331;
amount expended by unions in 1849 for promoting, 370;
numbers assisted in 1850, 373;
total amount of from 1847 to 1850, 386;
in 1851 and 1852, _ibid._;
amount expended on in 1855, 403, _note_.
Emigrants from Ireland to Canada in 1846-7, sickness and expense caused
by, 327, _note_;
mortality amongst, 328.
Employment, want of by the labouring poor, a cause of disease, 87;
act for providing, 80;
of pauper idiots in a workhouse recommended, 184;
increase of, beyond the duties of a poor-law, 185;
in workhouses, the nature of, 274.
England and Ireland, difference between as to provision for the poor,
13.
English adventurers in Ireland, conduct of, 4.
—— Poor Law Commission recommended to carry into effect a new Poor Law
for Ireland, 187, 188.
—— and Scottish provisions against vagrancy, similarity of the Irish
legislation to, 56.
—— Poor Law, asserted unfitness of for Ireland, 133.
Escapes from houses of correction, to be followed by a fine on the
governor, 29.
Evidence presented with the second Report of the Commissioners of
Inquiry, value of, 124.
Excess of population in Donegal, 201.
Expenditure, probable amount of under a poor-law, would not exceed what
is now given in mischievous alms, 164;
for relief in 1841, 276;
in 1842, 283;
total, for the relief of the distress occasioned by the potato
disease in Ireland, 320.
_Ex-officio_ guardians, reasons for having, 208;
to be elected in cases of vacancies, 293;
extension of, but not to exceed the number of elected guardians, 331;
guardians, non-resident justices may be appointed where a sufficient
number are not resident, 368.
Expense, probable, of maintaining the Irish poor on the English
poor-law system, 134.
—— of emigration, where necessary to be borne equally by the government
and the district relieved, 186.
Expenses of the Cork and Dublin workhouses in 1840, 263.
Falsehood and fraud, parts of the profession of mendicancy, 161.
Families, punishment for the desertion of, 30;
to be relieved as a whole, and not separately, 177.
Famine, annual occurrence of between the exhaustion of the old crop of
potatoes and the ripening of the new, 166;
cessation of in Ireland in 1847, 318.
Farming societies of Ireland, grant of money to, 73.
Farms, large, small number of, 160.
Fathers made answerable penally for the offences of their sons by an
act in 1457, 15.
Fatherless poor children under eight years old, to be sent to the
charter school nursery and to be apprenticed, 54.
Female foundlings, instructions for, 45.
Fermoy barrack, taken for a workhouse, 244, _note_.
Fertility of Ireland and England, causes of difference in, 60.
Fetters gyves and whipping, punishments for rogues and vagabonds, 28.
Fever, dangerous prevalence of in Ireland, 86;
number of patients passing through the Dublin Fever Hospital in one
year, 102;
numbers suffering from and dying of in 1817, 102;
act for making provision for persons afflicted with, 319.
—— hospitals, act for providing and for the support of, 77;
number of in 1836, 126;
dispensaries, &c., commissioners to report on the management of, 226.
Fever patients, numbers of, in 1847, 339.
—— wards in workhouses, number of provided in 1846, 306.
Fevers in Ireland, increase of, 77.
Fifth Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the new Poor Law Act, 282.
Fifth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland, 378 _et
seq._
Finances of unions, depressed state of in 1847, 339, 340;
state of in 1848, 347.
First Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the New Poor Law Act, 242.
First Report of Medical Charity Commissioners, 384.
First Report of the Irish Poor Commissioners, 1848, 330 _et seq._
Fiscal boards, proposed establishment of in each county, 139.
Fisheries, recommendation to encourage by legislative grants, 88;
utility of as a nursery for seamen, 89.
Flax, grown, prepared, and spun by the small farmers in the north of
Ireland, 63.
Flax and hemp, bogs to be reclaimed for the purpose of growing, for the
use of the navy, and for the support of the linen manufacture, 75.
Flitting, practice of, to defraud the revenue and the landlords, 33.
Food of Belgian peasantry, 215.
Forfeitures, costs, &c., to be levied by distress if not paid, 231.
Form of valuation, difficulties arising from, 289.
Fortune-tellers to be punished as vagabonds, 30.
Foundling hospital and workhouse in Dublin, act for the establishment
of in 1771-2, 46;
endowment of and regulations for the government of, _ibid._;
regulations for the admission of children into, 47;
increased rate for, 49;
to receive deserted children, 81;
charge for in 1833, 128.
Foundling hospitals on the continent, notice of, 45.
—-—-—, enactment for appropriating as workhouses, 225.
—-—-— of Cork and Galway, expenses of in 1833, 128;
number of children in, _ibid._
Foundlings, provision for the care of, 44;
male, to be apprenticed, and to have the freedom of the city on the
expiration of their apprenticeship, _ibid._
Fourth Report in 1842 of Proceedings under the new Poor Law in Ireland,
270.
Fourth Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland, 371.
France, the workhouse test principle not adopted in, 197.
Free distribution of labour, impediments offered by a law of settlement
to, 202.
Free-schools, act for the erection of, 24;
expenses of, how to be defrayed, 25.
French wars prevent the attention of the English to Ireland, 4;
agents lead to the rebellion in 1798, 11;
troops landed in Ireland in 1798, surrender of, 67.
Funds, founded on voluntary contribution, advantages of for the relief
of distress, 149;
difficulty of supplying to afford means of emigrating, 287.
Galway, effective fever hospital established in, 300.
Gauls or Celtes, from Spain supposed to have peopled Ireland, 1.
Geese, plucking the feathers from live, 32, _note_.
General rules for management of workhouses, &c., to be issued by
commissioners, 222.
General Merchant Seamen’s Act, extended to workhouse boys in Ireland,
385.
Gentlemen, idle, mode of living, oppressions occasioned thereby, and
transportation made a punishment for, on the presentment of a grand
jury, 34, 35.
Germany, strangers from, resort to the Irish schools, 2.
Ghent, manner of living of a small occupier near, 216.
Goods and chattels to be liable to distress for poor-rate to whomsoever
belonging, if found on the premises, 291.
Governors to be appointed by the justices for houses of correction, 28.
—— and guardians of Dublin workhouse, donors of 50_l._ to become, 37.
—— of Cork and Dublin workhouses empowered to exchange children in
order to prevent parents interfering with the protestant education
of their children, 45.
Government loans to be made to relieve the distress in Ireland in 1822,
80;
for the erection of workhouses, mode of managing, 272;
amount of, 273.
—— interference with labour, though not generally advisable,
recommended for Ireland, 95.
—— supervision of schools supported wholly or partly at the public
expense, necessity for, 111.
—— relief afforded to the west of Ireland, during the distress in 1839,
256;
afforded to alleviate the distress in 1842, 285, _note_.
—— measures to alleviate the distress occasioned by the potato-disease,
307.
Grain, act against the exportation of, 1472, 16;
erroneous policy of, 16, 17;
exportation of from Ireland during the distress of 1823, 92.
—— crops, deficiency of in 1841, 281.
Grand juries empowered to assess rates for erecting and supporting
county hospitals and dispensaries, 74;
to present sums for the support of fever hospitals, 78;
and for lunatic asylums, 79.
Grants to distressed unions, amount of in 1848, 347, 348.
Gratuitous relief, an encouragement to pauperism and indolence, 93.
Greek church, probability of the Irish church being derived from, 2.
Guardians, boards of, recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 141;
who should be electors of, 173;
clergymen of whatever description not to be chosen, 175;
and paid officers of unions not to furnish supplies for the union
under a penalty, 230;
directions as to the number of and qualifications for, 238;
number of elections contested and not contested, 267;
may employ rates in apprehending or prosecuting offenders against the
Poor Law Act, 292;
or may employ the rates in assisting emigration, 293;
warning of the commissioners to, against overcrowding the workhouses,
325;
commissioners empowered to fix different amounts of qualification in
different electoral divisions, 368.
Habitations of the poor, wretched condition of, 132.
Hackney coaches licensed for the support of Dublin workhouse, 37;
licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 48;
number increased for, 49.
Hair, act against the Irish fashion of wearing, 20.
Hamburgh, the workhouse-test principle not adopted in, 197.
‘Handbook of Architecture,’ notices of, 2, _note_.
Harbours, the formation of recommended, 95.
Harrowing by the tail, practice of, 60.
Harvest in Great Britain, Irish labourers seek employment at, 132;
beneficial effects of a good, in 1847, 340.
Hedge-schools, notice of, 63.
Helpless children, act for the apprenticing of, 41;
remedy for in cases of ill usage, 42.
—— poor to be maintained, 56.
Henry the Second, submission of Ireland to, in 1172, 1, 3.
Henry the Seventh, exertions of to restore order in Ireland, 4.
Henry the Eighth assumes the title of king of Ireland, 4.
‘History of the English Poor Laws,’ cited, 5, 21, 23, 31, 38, 42, 118,
241, 306, 327, 328.
Holland, visit of the author to, 211 _et seq._;
report of the management of the poor in, 212.
Holy Scriptures, objections of the Roman catholics to the
indiscriminate reading by their children, 114.
Hood, act against wearing the Irish, 20.
Hospitals for the poor to be provided, 53;
how to be divided, _ibid._
House of lords, bill for the relief of the Irish poor read a first time
in, in 1838, 217;
read a second time, 218;
division in committee upon, 220;
read a third time and passed, 221.
Houses to be cleansed and purified, 78.
—— of the peasant farmer in Belgium, contrast of with those of Ireland,
215.
—— of correction to be built or provided in every county, 1634-5, 28.
—— of industry to be provided, 53;
imperfect provision of, 82;
number of in 1830, 105;
ineffectiveness of while combining the functions of hospitals and
prisons, _ibid._;
number of and total income of, in 1833, 127;
number of inmates in, _ibid._;
to be made available as workhouses, recommended, 186;
enactment for using as workhouses, 225.
Husbandmen and labourers, act in 1447 for preventing the sons of, from
changing their profession, 15.
Husbands, enactment for making them chargeable for the support of their
wives and children, 227;
deserting their wives and families, enactment for the punishment of
with imprisonment, 333.
Idiots and insane persons, wards not provided for, 83.
Idle persons, to be brought to be justified in law, 23.
Illegitimate children to be dependent on their mother, recommendation
of, 183.
Immigration of Irish poor into England, necessity occasioned by of
improving their state in their own country, 153.
Immigrants to England during 1846-7, expense and sickness caused by,
326, 327.
Impatience of the public for the Report of the Commissioners of
Inquiry, 124.
Impediments to emigration, propriety of removing, 185.
Implements, agricultural, rude nature of, 95.
Impositions practised under the Temporary Relief Act, 345.
Imprisonment a punishment for begging without a licence, 53.
Improved circumstances of the country in 1851, 378.
Incapacitated persons empowered to convey land, &c. for workhouses,
225.
Incorporations, formation of to provide and maintain fever hospitals,
77.
Incumbrances on estates of proprietors a cause of distress and want of
employment, 94;
on Irish landed property, great extent of, 145.
Incumbrancers on Irish estates, recommendation that they should be
rated for the support of the poor, 140.
Indian corn, importation of to mitigate the distress occasioned by the
potato disease, 307;
reduction of the duty on, 308;
prices of in 1847, 318, _note_.
—— meal, daily amount supplied to each person, 346.
Indirect means adopted for charging property for the relief of
destitution, 51.
Indolence of Irish peasantry, 162.
Industrial schools, enactment enabling additional land to be provided
for, 354.
—— training of children in workhouses, nature of, 391.
Industry, what branches of may be safely encouraged by legislative
means, 88.
Infants, poor, deserted by their parents, provision for, 49.
Infectious fevers in Ireland, increase of, 77.
Infirmaries and hospitals, act for the management of, 74;
required to make annual returns, 75.
—— number of, in 1836, government grants to, and constitution of, 125.
Inmates of workhouses, not to be compelled to attend religious services
not of their own creed, 226;
number of, in the Cork and Dublin workhouses in 1841, 263;
number of in, on January 1, 1841, 1842, and 1843, 283;
in 1844, 299;
in 1845-6, 303;
in 1848, 322;
in 1847, 345;
in March 1848, 346;
in September 1848, 363;
in March 1849, 351;
in June 1849, 365;
in 1848-9, 366;
in September 1849, 371;
in March 1850, 366;
in September 1850, 371;
in September 1850, 376;
in September 1851, 387;
in September 1852, 394;
in 1853, _ibid._;
in 1854, 402.
Inspection of workhouses by the author, 284.
—— of rate-book, how and to whom allowed, 292.
Inspectors, medical, commissioners empowered to appoint, 362;
enactment empowering them to visit and examine dispensaries, to
examine witnesses upon oath, and to execute the powers of the
Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts, 383.
Institutions supported by voluntary charity, notice of, 105;
established for the relief of the poor, Report of the inquiry
commissioner on, in 1836, 125;
total amount of charge for in 1833, 128.
Instructions, letter of, from Lord John Russell to the author, relative
to his investigation of the state of Ireland, 157.
Investigation, unsuccessful, as to the cause of the potato disease,
308.
Ireland, supposed to have been peopled from Spain, 1;
not attacked by the barbarians who dismembered the Roman empire, 2;
ancient division of, into four provinces, 3;
how differing from England and Scotland in making no provision for
the poor, 13;
state of, in 1776-78, 59 _et seq._;
various opinions as to, 61;
the real improvement of, must spring from herself, 151;
distress of, in 1839, through an unfavourable season and deficiency
of crops, 257;
extreme distress of, 1846 to 1849, 307 to 360;
population of, in 1821, 1831, 1841, and 1851, 387.
Ireton, completion of the conquest of Ireland by, 10.
Irish, supposed to have occupied great part of Britain, 1;
known by the name of Scots, 2;
description of by Spenser, 6 _et seq._;
character, summary of, by Arthur Young, 64;
parliament, acts of, 13 _et seq._;
bogs, act for the reclaiming of, 75;
peers, alarm of at the supposed extent of the poor-rate, 217;
government, applications to, for relief, and schemes and suggestions
for relieving the distress in 1839, 257.
‘Irish Crisis,’ by Sir Charles Trevelyan, notice of, 256, _note_; 285,
_note_; 307, 311, 314, 319, 320, 328.
Irish Poor-Law Commission, re-formation of, 338.
—— Poor-Law board delegated to assistant-commissioners, 284;
establishment of, 330, 333;
powers of the previous commissioners transferred to, 334.
Irishrie, five of the best, to bring all idle persons of their surname
to be justified by law, 23.
Irishry, feuds and disorders of the, 14.
Island Bridge barrack adapted for the reception of lunatics, 249.
James the First, insurrection of Ireland during the reign of, 9.
James the Second, the Roman catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause
of, 10.
Joint-stock companies to vote for guardians by their officers, 230.
Judges of assize to impose rates on parishes refusing to provide for
poor deserted infants, 50.
Justices of the peace to regulate wages, 21;
empowered to decide disputes between masters and employers, and
servants, artificers, and labourers, 40;
enactment for their being _ex-officio_ members of the boards of
guardians, 223;
time and mode of electing, 224;
empowered to proceed on summons for recovery of penalties, 230.
Kay, Dr., visit of to Holland and Belgium, 211;
report of on education, _ibid._
Kearns and idle people, act relating to in 1310, 13.
Kildare Street Society, notice of, 113, _note_;
Mr. Stanley’s (Earl of Derby) remarks on, 114 _et seq._
King’s speech, in relation to Ireland, on opening parliament in 1836,
154.
Kinsale surrendered to Cromwell, 10.
Labour, act for the regulation of the wages of, 21;
impolicy of, 22;
method of paying for in Ireland, 61.
—— Rate Act, passing of, 313.
Labouring poor in Ireland, description of the state of in 1823, 94;
legislative interference with to be avoided if possible, 88;
proportion of out of employment, 96;
in Ireland, condition of, 132.
La Cambré, account of the workhouse of, 213.
Land, enactment that not more than twelve acres be annexed to
workhouses, 225.
Land, rise in the value of, 98.
Landlord and tenant, relations between, 97.
Landlords, ill effects apprehended from imposing a poor-rate on, 136.
Landowners, advantages of making them contribute to the support of the
destitute, 190.
Lands, limitation of the quantity of, to be held by corporations for
the use of the poor, 52.
Lascelles, Rowley, notice of, 2, _note_.
Legal claims to relief, advantage of not giving the poor, 149.
—— provision recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry for sick and
infirm poor, for emigration, and for casual destitution, 140, 141.
—— proceedings taken against unions for neglecting to collect rates,
296.
Legislation, Irish, for the relief of the poor, summary view of, 57,
58.
Leinster, Duke of, Mr. Stanley’s (now Earl of Derby) letter to,
announcing the formation of a national system of education, 113.
—— the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3.
Lessor made liable for the poor-rate in certain cases, 291.
Letter of author to Lord John Russell in 1853, 399 _et seq._
Lewis, G. C. ‘Remarks on the Third Report of the Irish Poor Inquiry
Commissioners,’ 151.
Lezers (gleaners) of corn, act against, _temp._ Hen. VIII., 19.
Liability of persons to support their destitute relatives, 278.
‘Liber Munerum Publicorum Hibernie,’ notice of, 2, _note_.
Licences to beg, how and to whom to be granted, 52.
Limerick, the surrender of, 10;
assistant-commissioners sent to, 234, 236.
Limited relief for the poor, adoption of, 51.
Linen manufacture in Ireland, ill consequences of a mixture of with
agricultural pursuits, 89.
Lingard, Dr., statement as to the early learning of Ireland, 2.
Lismore, council at, submits to Henry the Second in 1172, and receives
the English laws, 3.
Livery, act of 1495 against retainers, 18;
penalty for transgressing, _ibid._
Living in Ireland, cheapness of, as compared with England, 65.
Loan funds, recommended for the assistance of the poor, 142.
Loans to families, by way of relief, recommended in certain cases, 178;
for erecting workhouses, mode of managing, 272;
amount of, 273;
amount of from government in 1845, for the erection of workhouses,
302;
may be raised on the security of the rates, to defray the expenses of
emigration, 369.
Local machinery for the administration of relief, proposed to be the
same as in England, 178.
—— acts to cease on the establishment of workhouses under the New Poor
Law Act, 226.
London subscription to alleviate the distress in Ireland in 1823,
amount of, 92.
Londonderry, Marquis of, opposition to the Irish Poor Law bill, 219.
—— ——, assistant-commissioners sent to, 236.
Lunacy more prevalent in Ireland than in England, 79.
Lunatic asylums, act for providing, 79;
increase of in 1830, and effectiveness of, 103, 104;
number of in 1836, and expenditure of in 1833, 126.
Magistrates, why some should be _ex-officio_ members of boards of
guardians, 208.
Mann, Capt., account of the appearance of the potato during the
disease, 310.
Mantle, act against wearing the Irish, 20.
Manufacturing and farming, prejudicial effects of the union of, 63.
Market-towns to be fixed on for centres of unions, 237.
Marriages, early, facilities for and encouragement of in Ireland, 55;
prevalence of in Ireland, 99.
Marshes and bogs, increased advantages of draining on a large scale,
168.
Mary, accession of in 1553, 4;
retards the Reformation, _ibid._
Mathew, Father, his account of the appearance of the potato during the
disease, 310.
Meal, amount of distributed in 1846, 312.
—— and medical aid, government supply of to relieve the poor in
Donegal, 200.
Measures for the relief of the poor, necessity of considering the good
of society in general in the construction of, 133.
Meat seldom eaten by the Irish labouring poor, except at seasons
prescribed by the Roman catholic church, 132.
Medical and surgical aid, provision for the supply of to the poor, 74.
Medical charities, Report of the Inquiry Commissioners on, 125;
total expense of supporting in 1833, and number of cases relieved,
126;
inquiry into, 268;
report on in 1842, 279;
act, summary of, 382, 383.
—— commissioner, enactment for the appointment of, 383.
—— practitioners, remuneration of for vaccination cases, 268.
—— relief for the poor, inequality in the distribution of, 127.
Melbourne, Lord, speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor Law bill
to the house of lords in 1838, 218.
Mendicancy, measures for the repression of, 44;
prevalence of, in Ireland, 161;
filth and squalor the accompaniments of, 162;
means taken for the repression of under the new Poor Law, 254;
bill introduced to the house of commons for the suppression of in
Ireland, 265;
not proceeded with, _ibid._;
continued existence of, 280, 281.
Mendicants, poor-law relief necessary for the suppression of, 181;
prevalence of and encouragement of in Ireland, 182;
to be removed as soon as possible into workhouses, _ibid._
Mendicity Society of Dublin, income of, 106.
—— the sole resource of the aged and impotent poor, 132.
—— institutions, examples of the inefficiency of, 148.
Middle classes, almost entirely the supporters of the poor in 1830,
106, _note_.
Middlemen, practice of employing, 60;
injurious consequences of, 61.
Migration of mendicant poor, tends to diffuse contagious fevers, 86.
Migratory habits of the Irish opposed to a law of settlement, 181.
Milk, use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, 61.
Ministers and churchwardens of every parish to bind helpless children
as apprentices, 41, 42.
Minute of the Poor Law Board of Ireland, of Dec. 5, 1849, 257.
Missionaries, Irish, teachers of the Anglo-Saxons, 2.
Model schools, agricultural, proposed establishment of, 138.
Monasteries in Ireland, oasis of civilization, 2.
Money to be raised for building and supporting houses of correction,
28;
provision for borrowing by boards of guardians, 230.
—— wages, the disadvantages of not paying, 35.
Morpeth, Lord, announcement by of the intentions of government, 155;
introduces a bill to the house of commons for the suppression of
mendicancy in Ireland, but it is not proceeded with, 265.
Mortality, greatly increased ratio of in workhouses during the distress
occasioned by the potato disease, 326;
decrease of in 1847, 338;
in workhouses, increased ratio of in Feb. 1848, 345;
in 1849, 351.
Munich, the workhouse test principle not adopted in, 197.
Munster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;
unions, embarrassed state of in 1851, 378;
and Connaught, state of in 1851, 390.
Musgrave, Sir Richard, introduction of a bill by for the relief of the
poor in Ireland, 154;
consideration of postponed, 155.
National Board of Education, formation of in 1831, 113;
powers of, 116, 117;
incorporated in 1844, 118.
—— distinctions between Irish and English, act for abolishing, 26.
—— establishments, recommendation of providing, for lunatics, deaf dumb
and blind poor, vagrants, and persons willing to emigrate, 142;
the whole of Ireland to be rated for, _ibid._
—— improvement of Ireland, a board recommended for carrying into
effect, 137.
—— schools, regulations for applications for aid, 116;
debate in the house of commons in 1832 on the government plan for,
117;
parliamentary grant in favour of, 118.
Navigation laws, alteration of, 311.
Needy but not destitute persons, not objects of poor-law relief, 203.
Newport, Sir John, chairman of the select committee to inquire into the
state of disease and the condition of the labouring poor in 1819,
86;
chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1827, on
education in Ireland, 108.
Nicholls, Mr. G. ‘Suggestions’ of, in 1836, 130;
recommendation of Lord John Russell to the house of commons to adopt
the means proposed by, in order to relieve the distress in
Ireland, 191;
Second Report of, 196 _et seq._
Ninth Report of the proceedings in 1847 under the new Poor Law Act in
Ireland, 309 _et seq._
Nobility and gentry of Ireland, measures of Henry VII. for reducing the
power of, 19.
Non-residence of proprietors in Ireland a cause of distress, 90.
North of Ireland, difference between and the south and west, 63;
the author’s examination of the state of, 199;
alleged inapplicability of the new Poor Law to, refuted, _ibid._
Northmen, irruptions of into Ireland, 3.
Notice of claims to vote for guardians, term for making extended, 293.
Nottinghamshire, continued efficiency of the workhouse test in two
parishes of, 164.
Oatmeal, moderate price of during the famine in Ireland in 1823, 92.
Oats, cultivation of in Donegal, to procure whiskey, 201.
Objections to the establishment of the English workhouse system in
Ireland, combated by Lord John Russell, 192, 193;
to the new Irish Poor Law bill answered by the author, 197 _et seq._
O'Brien, Smith, bill introduced by for a system of poor-laws, 154.
Occupiers, to pay one-half of the poor-rate, 180;
rated under 5_l._, reasons for exempting from payment of poor-rates,
205;
to pay the poor-rate, 228;
and to deduct half from the owner, _ibid._;
under 5_l._ annual rent, regulation as to, 290;
of more than a quarter of an acre not to be deemed destitute, 331.
O'Connell, Mr. D., opposition of to the Irish Poor Law bill of 1837-8,
210;
difficulties arising in the execution of the poor-laws from his
agitation for a repeal of the Union, 294.
Officers of health, appointment of, 78;
recommendation that they be elected in all towns having 1000 or more
inhabitants, with power to direct the cleaning of streets,
removing of nuisances, &c. 87;
to cause foundlings and orphan children to be taken care of, and when
of suitable age to be sent to some British colony, 144.
—— of unions, commissioners empowered to fix salaries, prescribe
duties, &c. 332.
Opinions, various, respecting the causes of distress in Ireland, and
the means of relieving, 120.
Order of proceedings of boards of guardians, a new, issued, 384.
Orders and regulations of the commissioner acting in Ireland forwarded
to the London board, 241.
—— issued in 1850 for forming twenty-four new unions, 367.
Orphan-girls, number of enabled to emigrate, 353, 370.
Out-door compulsory employment, not adapted for Ireland in the opinion
of the commissioners of inquiry, 135;
employment, difficulty in providing for the poor, 342.
—— relief not to be given, 176;
objections to affording in any case, 204;
decision of the board against affording during the distress of 1839,
258;
limited power given to the guardians for distributing, 330, 331;
necessity for allowing, 336;
amount expended on, in 1848, 346;
number of persons receiving, _ibid._;
in 1849, 365;
in 1850, 376;
in 1851, 387, 388;
in 1852, 394;
in 1853, _ibid._;
in 1854, 402.
Outlaws, maintained by the lords to annoy each other’s rule, 23.
Out-relief lists, number of persons on in 1848, 349;
in 1849, 349;
in March 1850, 366;
in 1850, 376;
in 1851, 387, 388;
in 1852, 394;
in 1853, _ibid._;
in 1854, 402.
Overcrowding of workhouses, dangerous results from, 325.
Overseers to collect assessed rates to provide for poor deserted
infants, 50.
Owners of property to pay one-half of the poor-rate, 180, 229;
objections to charging the whole of the poor-rate on, 204.
Paid officers, recommendation of employing in administering relief,
178;
Commissioners to direct the appointment of, to carry the poor-law
into effect, 224;
of unions, the importance of the provision enabling the Commissioners
to appoint, 337.
Pale, English, notice of, 11.
Pamphlets, on the relative value of compulsory and voluntary relief,
129.
Parish rates, recommendation that they should be levied for sanitary
purposes, 87.
Parishes refusing to provide for poor deserted infants, how to be
proceeded against, 50.
Parliament, prorogation of, 156;
prorogation of on the death of William IV., 195.
Parliamentary franchise, proposition to found upon the poor-law
valuations, 266.
—— grants for educational purposes in Ireland, total amount of in 1827,
109.
Parochial machinery for union management, necessity for varying in
Irish parishes, 172.
Pasturage, favourable climate of Ireland for, 60.
Pauper idiots and lunatics, permission to be retained in workhouses
under certain regulations, 184.
—— labour, impolicy of endeavouring to make it a source of profit, 370.
—— lunatics, wards in workhouses appropriated to, 266.
Paupers affected with fever or contagious diseases may be maintained by
the guardians in an asylum, or houses may be hired for them, 292.
Pay-schools, number of scholars taught at in 1827, 109.
Peace not to be made with Irish enemies without consent of the
governor, 18.
Peasantry, the desirableness of exciting to depend on their own
exertions, 93;
the necessity of their obtaining plots of land, the occasion of
crime, 161;
indolence and apathy of, 162;
desultory habits and love of amusement of, 163.
Penal colonies in Holland, account of, 214, _et seq._
Penalties, justices empowered to proceed on summons for the recovery
of, 230.
Perjury, witnesses giving false evidence to the poor-law commissioners,
subjected to the penalties for, 334.
Personal property, difficulties of subjecting to a rate, 145.
Persons relieved in 1847, number of, 339.
Peter’s-pence, not paid by the Irish at an early period of their
history, 2.
Petitions of the Roman catholic hierarchy for means of education, 108.
Phelan, Mr., investigation by into medical charities, 268.
Phœnician colonies, probable existence of in Ireland, 1.
Pitt, Mr., speech of on proposing the Union, 68;
speech of on submitting resolutions for, 69, 70.
Players of interludes and minstrels, found wandering, to be punished as
vagabonds, 30.
Plots of land, strong desire of the Irish peasantry for, 161.
Ploughing by the tail, act against, 32.
Political influence, the desire for, leading to the subdivision of
lands, 161.
Poor in Ireland, no provision for, until a recent period, 13.
—— children in Dublin above five years old, to be apprenticed to
protestants, 36.
Poor-laws, a modified system recommended for Ireland, 100;
English commissioners recommended for carrying into execution, 187,
188.
—— Law Commissioners of England to be Commissioners of Ireland, 231;
changes in 1852, 398.
—— rate to be recovered from the occupier, who may deduct it from the
rent in certain cases, 291.
Poor-rates, amount of charged and collected in 1844, 298.
Poor relief, amount expended on in the year ending Sept. 1847, 345;
to March 1848, 347;
to Sept. 1848, 363;
to March 1849, 351;
to Sept. 1849, 371;
to Sept. 1850, 376;
to Sept. 1851, 387;
to Sept. 1852, 394;
in 1853, _ibid._;
in 1854, 402.
Population of Ireland, amount of at various periods, 11, 12;
decrease of between 1841 and 1851, 12;
in 1821, 1831, 1841 and 1851, 357.
——, too rapid increase of, a cause of distress, 94.
Porters and messengers to be licensed for the support of the Dublin
Foundling Hospital, 48.
Potato, the facility of procuring, leads to a boundless multiplication
of human beings, 90.
—— crop, distress occasioned by the failure of in 1823, 92;
evils of a total dependence on, 93;
in 1839, estimate of the state of, 259;
deficiency of in 1841, 281.
—— disease, occurrence of in 1845-6, 306;
distress occasioned by, 307;
re-appearance of in the autumn of 1846, 323;
recurrence of in 1848, 349.
Potatoes, the food of the labouring poor in Ireland, 61.
Poverty, conclusive evidence as to the state of in Ireland, 158;
not the sole cause of the condition of the Irish peasantry, 162.
Poyning’s Act, 1495, effect of, 17.
Presidents and assistants for the relief of the poor, institution of,
52.
Price of labour in Ireland in 1830, 96.
Private trade in corn, determination not to interfere with, 313.
—— subscriptions, amount of for the relief of the poor in Ireland
during the prevalence of the potato disease, 320, 321.
Progress of population in Ireland, 11, 12.
Promotion, spiritual, to be given to such only as speak English, 21.
Property, feeling prevalent in Ireland in favour of taxing for the
relief of the poor, 165;
what is to be assessed for poor-rates, 228;
amount of, rated to the poor in Ireland and England, 269, _note_.
Prostitutes, strolling, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to
hard labour, 55.
Protestant settlers in Ireland, massacre of in 1641, 10.
—— Charter Schools Society to receive poor children, 54.
—— clergy, favourable to the introduction of a system of poor-laws,
167;
salaries to be appointed for in workhouses, 226.
—— and Romanist classes, division of the kingdom into, 26.
—— and Roman catholic children, separate religious instruction
recommended for, 111.
Protestantism, church establishment of in Ireland, 25.
Provisions, high price of, in 1840, 269.
Proxy, reasons for allowing owners to vote for guardians by, 207.
Public works, the extension of recommended in 1830, as a means of
employing the Irish poor, 107.
—— act, passing of, 312;
amount expended under in 1846, _ibid._
“Queen’s pay,” ill effects of under the relief works, in withdrawing
labourers from their proper employment, 315.
Rapparees, act for suppressing, 38.
Rate to be levied in Dublin for the support of the workhouse, 37;
for the support of the Foundling Hospital, 48;
increase of for that purpose, 49.
—— in aid, amount of the levy of, 359;
amount of the second, 375.
—— of wages in 1851, 391;
in 1853, 397.
—— payers, joint, empowered to vote according to the proportions borne
by each, 229.
Rateable property, amount of in 1845, 1847, and 1851, 393.
Rates to be assessed in every county and town for the support of houses
of industry, 55;
for emigration, how to be raised, 226;
for the support of the poor, guardians empowered to levy, 227;
to be a poundage rate, 228;
to be recovered by distress if not duly paid, 229;
collection of, apprehended difficulties proved groundless, 277;
amount of, collected for the poor in 1845-6, 304;
total amount raised for the poor, up to 1848, 346;
in 1846, 1847, and 1848, 363;
may be raised for defraying the expenses of emigration, 369.
Rating, power of vested in the board of guardians, 179;
valuation for the purposes of, 180;
under the new Poor-Law bill of 1837, objections to the plan answered,
204.
Reasons against the voluntary system, by a portion of the Commissioners
of Inquiry, 147.
Rebellion of 1798, notice of, 11, 67.
Reclamation of waste land, need of on a large scale in Donegal, 201.
Reformation not so successful in Ireland as in England, 4;
education adopted as a means for extending, 25.
Register-book, enactment for the keeping of in workhouses, 226.
Relatives, liabilities of, to support their destitute parents, &c.,
278.
Relief, imperfect recognition of the right of to the poor, 31;
to be effectual must be uniform and prompt, 147;
destitution to form the only grounds for, 176;
rules for to be issued by the central authority, 177;
amount expended in during 1841, 276, 277;
in 1842, 283;
in 1843 and 1844, 299;
in 1845, 301;
amount of afforded from various sources under the Public Works Act in
1846, 312.
—— committees, formation of in 1846, 311.
—— Extension Act, copies of sent to all the unions, 338.
—— works, failure of, 316;
amount expended on, _ibid._ _note_.
Relieving-officers, enactment for the appointment of, 331.
Religious persuasions, importance of bringing together children of
different, for purposes of education, 110;
zeal, difficulties offered by in raising voluntary funds and in
affording impartial relief, 148;
service, to be performed in workhouses by clergymen of different
denominations, 226.
Remark on the evidence of the Inquiry Commissioners, by Mr. Bicheno,
151.
‘Remarks’ by Mr. G. C. Lewis on the Third Report of the Inquiry
Commissioners, 151.
Remittances from emigrants, amounts of, 392.
Rental of Ireland in 1776-78, 65.
Rents, comparative, in England and Ireland, 60;
arising from exempted property, to be rated to the extent of half the
poundage, 368.
Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the state of the
poor in Ireland, 82 _et seq._
—— of the Select Committee of the House of Commons in 1823 for
providing funds for the useful employing of the labouring poor in
Ireland, 91.
Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on education in
Ireland, 108 _et seq._
——, the first, in 1835, of the Commissioners appointed in 1833 to
inquire into the condition of the poorer classes in Ireland, 118 _et
seq._;
the second, in 1836, 125 _et seq._;
the third, in 1836, 131 _et seq._
—— of the Poor Inquiry Commissioners, rejection of the means proposed
by them for alleviating distress in Ireland, 190, 191.
——, the first, of Mr. G. Nicholls on the state of Ireland in 1836, 159;
the second, 196;
the third, 212.
—— of Commissioners for Ireland to be annually laid before parliament,
232.
—— of Commissioners under the Temporary Relief Act, 344.
Residence required to give a claim to relief, 292.
Residents for less than three years, if receiving relief, to be charged
to the union, 367.
Resistance to the law, instances of unions offering, 295.
Resolutions submitted by Mr. Pitt for effecting an Union with Ireland,
69;
agreed to, 71.
Returning-officers, instructions to, under the new Poor-Law Act for the
first elections, 242.
Revenue, comparative proportions raised by Ireland with that of Great
Britain, 147.
Revolution of 1688, the Roman Catholics of Ireland support James II.,
10.
Rice, Mr. Spring (now Lord Monteagle), chairman of the select committee
of the house of commons in 1823, 91.
Richmond Lunatic Asylum, notice of, 84.
Rick-burning, Act against, temp. Hen. VIII., 19.
Road-making to be undertaken in order to employ the distressed poor in
1822, 80.
Roads in mountainous districts, the formation of recommended as
providing employment for the labouring poor, 88.
“Robbery-money,” frauds exercised in order to obtain, 39.
Rogues vagabonds and beggars, act for the punishment of, 28;
who are to be deemed, 29.
Roman Catholic clergy, notice of their opposition to the Kildare Street
Society schools, 115;
favourable to the introduction of a system of poor laws, 167;
clergymen in workhouses, salaries to be appointed for, 226.
Roman Catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause of Charles I., 10.
Romans, never extended their conquests to Ireland, 2.
Rome, the supremacy of the see of, not acknowledged by the early Irish,
2.
Royal message to the parliament recommending an Union, 67;
congratulating them on the measure being effected, 71;
assent given to the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1838, 221.
Rumford, Count, attempts of to make pauper establishments
self-supporting, failure of, 198.
Russell, Lord John, announcement of the necessity of some government
measure respecting the poor of Ireland, 155;
letter of instructions to the author, 157;
speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, 189;
introduction by of the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837-8 to the house of
commons, 210;
interview of the author with, urging the carrying of the new law into
immediate operation, 234;
letter of the author to in 1853, 399 _et seq._
Salaries, estimated scale of, for union officers, 209.
—— to be paid to persons employed to seize persons begging without a
licence, 54.
Sanitary state of workhouses, 275.
Scale of voting for guardians, 229.
Scholars, found begging, to be punished as vagabonds, 29;
number taught in the various public schools in Ireland in 1827, 109.
School-houses to be built in each of the shire-towns, 25.
Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, appointed for workhouses, 264.
Schools, supported by Roman Catholics, number of scholars taught at in
1827, 109;
for union children, permission given to provide with land, 332;
number of children attending in 1848, 348.
Scotland and Ireland, difference between as to provision for the poor,
13.
——, alleged success of the system of voluntary contributions for the
poor in, 150;
number of parishes assessed and unassessed in 1855, _ibid._ _note_.
Scots, ancient name for the Irish, 2.
Scottish rebellions of 1715 and 1745, the Irish take no part in, 10.
Scrope, G. P., introduction of a bill by for the relief and employment
of the poor in Ireland, 154;
resolutions proposed by as to the necessity of providing relief for
the Irish poor, 155.
Sea-sand and sea-weed, use of as manure in Donegal, 200.
Sea-service, male foundlings in certain cases to be apprenticed to, 44.
——, guardians in Ireland empowered to apprentice poor boys to, 385.
Seaweed and sand, carried on the backs of the poor for manure, 94.
Second Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the New Poor-Law Act,
245.
Second Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland in 1849,
349.
Secretaries, enactment for the appointment of, 223.
Security of property, necessary to induce the investment of capital,
208.
Sedan-chairs licensed for the support of Dublin workhouse, 37.
Select Committee of the house of commons in 1819, to inquire into the
state of disease, and the condition of the labouring poor in
Ireland, report of, 86;
in 1823, to facilitate the application of the funds of private
individuals and associations for the employment of the labouring
poor in useful and productive labour, report of, 91;
in 1830, to consider the state of the poorer classes in Ireland, and
the best means of improving their condition, report of, 93;
heads of the report, 96;
in 1828, on education in Ireland, report of, 108 _et seq._;
resolutions adopted by, 112.
Separate instruction in their religious duties for protestant and Roman
Catholic children recommended, 111.
—— Poor Law Commissioners, not necessary, 338.
Servants, drunken, idle, or quitting their employment improperly, to be
punished with the stocks or imprisonment, 40;
agricultural, not hired in Ireland, 161.
Settlement, law of, to be dispensed with altogether, 181;
litigation caused by the law of, 193;
not intended to be introduced into the new Irish Poor-Law bill,
_ibid._;
provision for decided against in the house of commons, 210.
Seventh Report of proceedings in 1845 under the new Poor-Law Act in
Ireland, 299 _et seq._
Sexes, the separation of, practised in houses of industry, 192.
Sheep, reared in Donegal to pay the rent, 201.
Sickness, inquiry as to why the Irish labouring poor do not make
provision for, 122;
prevalence of in 1849, 349.
Single women, enactment making them chargeable with the support of
their children, 227.
Sixth Report of proceedings under the new Poor-Law, 291.
Sixth Annual Report of the Poor-Law Commissioners of Ireland, 389.
Skibbereen, resistance to the payment of rates in, 295.
Small holdings, the work required easily performed and therefore
constantly neglected, 163;
prevalence of in Donegal, 200.
Social importance of the Irish Poor-Law, 156.
Society, the disordered state of in Ireland a consequence of the want
of a well-regulated poor-law, 168.
—— of Friends, amount contributed by to relieve the distress in Ireland
occasioned by the potato disease, 321.
Soil of Ireland, peculiarities of, 59.
Southwell and Bingham, encouragement of the workhouse test principle
afforded by the example of, 198.
Spain, Gauls or Celtes from, supposed to have peopled Ireland, 1.
Spanish emissaries and troops, disquieting effects of, temp. Eliz., 5.
Speeches of Mr. Pitt on proposing the Union, 68;
on submitting resolutions for, 69, 70.
Speech of Lord John Russell on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill
in 1837, 189 _et seq._
Spenser, the poet, grant of lands to, 5;
his description of Ireland, 5, _et seq._;
proposals of for securing the quiet of Ireland, 8.
Stage-coaches licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling
Hospital, 48;
number increased for, 49.
Stamp-duty, exemptions from in poor-law proceedings, 230.
Stanley, Mr. (now Earl of Derby), letter of to the Duke of Leinster,
announcing the formation of a system of national education, 113.
Stanley, Mr., communication from respecting the state of the poor in
Ireland, 196 _note_.
Starvation, near approach to of the population of Donegal, 200.
State of Ireland in 1776-78, 59 _et seq._;
various opinions as to, 61.
Statements of numbers relieved and chargeable to be posted weekly on
workhouse doors, 369.
Statistical returns, instructions for to the assistant-commissioners,
240.
Statutes at Large, notice of, 13, _note_.
Statutes cited.—
Edw. II. 1310, 13;
Hen. VI. 1440, 13;
Hen. VI. 1447, 15;
Hen. VI. 1450, 14;
Hen. VI. 1457, 15;
Edw. IV. 1465, 16;
Edw. IV. 1472, 16;
10 Hen. VII. cap. 4, Poynings’ Act, 17;
10 Hen. VII. cap. 6, 18;
10 Hen. VII. cap. 17, 18;
13 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, 19;
22 Hen. VIII. cap. 12, 22, 31;
25 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, 19;
28 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, 20;
33 Hen. VIII. cap. 9, 21, 52;
33 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, 22, 30;
11 Eliz. cap. 4, 23;
12 Eliz. cap. 1, 24;
18 Eliz. cap. 3, 31;
43 Eliz., 31;
7 Jas. I. cap. 4, 31;
11 and 12 Jas. I. cap. 5, 26;
10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 4, 27, 52;
10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 15, 32;
10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 16, 34;
10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 17, 32;
2 Anne, cap. 19, 35, 248;
6 Anne, cap. 11, 38, 101;
2 Geo. I. cap. 17, 40;
9 Geo. II. cap. 25, 42;
11 and 12 Geo. III, cap. 11, 45, 83, 248;
11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 15, 49;
11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 30, 23, 51, 101, 104;
13 and 14 Geo. III. cap. 24, 49;
25 Geo. III. cap. 48, 48 _note_;
45 Geo. III. cap. 111, 73;
46 Geo. III. cap. 95, 74, 104;
49 Geo. III. cap. 101, 75;
51 Geo. III. cap. 101, 76;
54 Geo. III. cap. 112, 76;
57 Geo. III. cap. 106, 78, 103;
58 Geo. III. cap. 47, 76, 102, 104, 144;
59 Geo. III. cap. 44, 78, 144;
3 Geo. IV. caps. 3 and 84, 80;
6 Geo. IV. cap. 102, 81;
7 Geo. IV. cap. 74, 225;
1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, 222, 398;
2 Vict. cap. 1, 233, 244;
3 and 4 Vict. cap. 29, 268;
6 and 7 Vict. cap. 92, 291;
9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, 312;
9 and 10 Vict. cap. 22, 311;
9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, 312;
10 and 11 Vict. cap. 7, 320, 339, 344;
10 and 11 Vict. cap. 22, 319, 339;
10 and 11 Vict. cap. 31, 330, 338, 341, 345;
10 and 11 Vict. cap. 84, 332;
10 and 11 Vict. cap. 90, 333;
11 and 12 Vict. caps. 1 and 2, 311 _note_;
11 and 12 Vict. cap. 25, 354;
11 and 12 Vict. cap. 47, 354;
12 and 13 Vict. cap. 4, 355, 360;
12 and 13 Vict. cap. 104, 367;
13 and 14 Vict. cap. 14, 374, 380;
14 and 15 Vict. cap. 35, 385;
14 and 15 Vict. cap. 68, 382;
15 and 16 Vict. cap. 16, 381;
15 and 16 Vict. cap. 63, 393;
16 and 17 Vict. cap. 7, 393.
Stirabout, found to be the best form of food for distribution, 318.
Stirpes or septs, heads of, to be answerable for the rest, 24.
Stocks, a punishment for idle, drunken, or dishonest servants, 40;
for begging without a licence, 53.
Stone-breaking, recommended as a test for relief to the able-bodied
poor, 342.
Streets, recommendation for the cleaning of, 87.
Strigul or Strongbow, expedition of against Ireland, 3.
Strolling beggars, Act for lodging, 51.
Strongbow, expedition of to Ireland, 1.
Stuarts, the Irish take no part in the movement in their favour in 1715
and 1745, 10.
Subdivision of land, excessive prevalence of in Donegal, 201.
Subdivisions of lands, by lowering the standard of living, productive
of fevers, 78.
Sub-letting of land, evils consequent on, 98.
Subscriptions to alleviate the distress in Ireland, 1823, amount of the
London, 92;
promoted by government for the relief of Ireland, 357.
Sufferings of the population of Ireland between 1841 and 1851, 12.
‘Suggestions’ by the author in 1836, 129, 130.
Summary of act of 1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, 222 _et seq._;
of the 2 Vict. cap. 1, 233;
of the 6 and 7 Vict. cap. 91, 291;
of the act to make further provision for the destitute poor in
Ireland, 330;
of the act to make provision for the punishment of vagrants, &c.,
332;
of the act for the execution of the laws for the relief of the poor
in Ireland, 334, 335;
of the Rate-in-Aid Act, 355, 356;
of act to amend the previous acts for the relief of the Irish poor,
367;
of an act for the further advance of public money to distressed
unions, 374, 375;
of the Medical Charities Act, 382, 383.
Supervisor of rates, appointed in large towns, 279.
Suppression of mendicancy, answer to the objections against the
measures for, 206.
Surgeons and physicians for infirmaries and county hospitals, generally
provided, 83.
Surveys, new ones to be made where necessary, 228.
Table of the numbers of persons in workhouses, of the number and rate
of deaths per week, of the numbers relieved, and of the weekly cost
of relief, from 1846 to 1853, both inclusive, 404.
Tabular view of number of unions, of the expenditure, of the number of
workhouses, the number of inmates, and the number relieved, in the
years from 1840 to 1846, both inclusive, 323.
Tabular statement of number of unions, expenditure, number of inmates,
number receiving out-door relief, and total cost from 1847 to 1853,
both inclusive, 395.
—— statement of average cost of maintenance from 1847 to 1854 both
inclusive, 397.
Tally, the use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, 62.
Task-work, adoption of as a test, 313;
inefficiency of, 315.
Tax, levied under the new Poor Law not likely to exceed greatly that
now levied by mendicants in Ireland, 192.
Taxes in Ireland, lightness of previous to the Union, 66.
Teachers of schools, recommendation that they be selected without
regard to religious distinctions, 111.
Temporary Relief Act, passing of, 316;
provisions of, 317.
Tenants, ejected, deplorable condition of, 99;
disease generated thereby, 100;
for life, proposed empowering of to grant leases for certain terms,
and to charge the property for permanent improvements, 138, 139.
Tenantry, not able to bear the burden of a rate for the support of the
poor, 136.
Thieves, reward for killing or capturing in 1450, 14;
robbers and rebels, act against in 1440, 14.
Third Report of proceedings in Ireland under the new Poor Law act, 259.
Third Annual Report of the Irish Poor Law Commissioners, 364.
Threshing, custom of burning the corn in the straw instead of, 33.
Tillage, inferiority of in Ireland, 60.
Time of election for boards of guardians, enactment for fixing, 223.
Tipperary, peculiar state of as a county palatine, 7;
resistance to the payment of rates in, 235.
Tithe-owners, influence of in passing the act in favour of
earth-tillers, 20.
—— composition, plan for purchasing and making the surplus available to
the relief of the poor, 146.
Tithes to pay poor-rate, 229.
Townlands, enactment for the union of, 223;
regulation with regard to the boundaries of, 233.
Towns, recommendation of Spenser that they should be built, 9;
increase of and wealth in, 160;
a voluntary poor-law established in the principal of the north of
Ireland, 200.
Transition-period, difficulties to be overcome during, 166.
Transportation, act for the punishment of rogues and rapparees by, 89.
Treasurers, guardians, &c. to furnish accounts, 230.
Trevelyan’s (Sir Charles) ‘Irish Crisis,’ notice of, 256, _note_; 285,
_note_; 307, 311, 314, 319, 320, 328.
Twisleton, Mr., appointed as fourth Commissioner of the Poor Law Board,
and sent to Ireland, 309;
appointed chief of the Irish Commission, 338.
Tuam union, neglect of to collect poor-rates, 295;
legal proceedings commenced against, 300;
board of guardians dissolved by the commissioners, 305.
Tyrone, rebellion of, 5.
Ulster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;
plantation of by James I., 9.
Uncultivated land, the existence of a favourable circumstance for the
introduction of a poor-law, 168.
Unemployed labourers in Ireland, number of, 133;
numbers dependent on, 134.
Union agricultural societies, plan for the formation of, 269.
—— of Ireland with England, in 1800, 11, 71.
—— officers, mortality among during the distress in Ireland occasioned
by the potato disease, 326;
in Feb. 1848, 345;
in 1849, 353.
Unions, suggested size of in Ireland, 172;
principles to be observed in forming, 178;
answers to the objections to proposed size of in the Report of 1836,
205;
estimated expenses of, 209;
enactment for the formation of by Commissioners, 223;
directions to the assistant commissioners for the formation of, 236,
237;
number of, in 1839, 245;
in 1840, 245;
difficulties in forming, 246;
number of in 1841, 259;
number of declared in 1842, 271;
number of, in which resistance to the payment of rates were made,
295;
unsatisfactory state of the finances of in 1847, 328, 329;
number of, in which no out-relief was given, 343, 352;
numbers of, not giving out-relief in 1850, 366;
where new ones are formed, the commissioners to make arrangements for
the joint use of the workhouse till a new one is built, 368;
eight new formed in 1850, 373.
United Kingdom of England and Ireland, the assembly of the first
parliament of in 1701, 72.
Vaccination, act for extending, 268;
number of unions in which it had been introduced, 280;
extension of in 1845, 300;
amount expended on, _ibid._
Vagabonds, act for the punishment of, 22;
and beggars to be kept separate in bridewells from the children, 46.
Vagrancy, recommendation for an amendment of the laws relating to, 100;
clauses in the Poor Law Bill of 1837, postponement of, 195.
Vagrants and vagabonds, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to
hard labour, 55;
recommendation of their being sent as free labourers to some British
colony, and no longer to be punishable by transportation, 143.
Valuation of lands and houses recommended by the Commissioners of
Inquiry, 141.
Valuations, new, to be made where necessary, 228;
and ratings, instructions for, 244;
progress made with, 265;
difficulties arising from the form adopted, 289;
not to be increased in consequence of improvements, for seven years,
368;
number of unions in which they had been completed, 278;
objection to the correctness of, _ibid._
Valuators, enactment appointing, 291.
Victoria, Queen, subscription of for the relief of the poor in Ireland,
357.
Visiting committee of Dublin work-houses directed to report on their
state, 261.
Voght, Baron de, attempt of to make pauper establishments
self-supporting, 198.
Voluntary charity, institutions supported by, 105.
—— associations for the relief of the poor, recommended by the
Commissioners of Inquiry, 145;
rules to be framed for, 146.
—— system of relief, reasons against recommending by some of the
Commissioners of Inquiry, 147;
reasons for, 149.
Votes, scale of according to property, in the election for guardians,
179, 229.
—— doubtful, for guardians, may be refused by the returning officer,
293.
Voting papers for guardians, improper interference with, 266;
penalty for destroying or defacing, 293.
Wages, act for the regulation of, 21;
impolicy of, 22;
of agricultural labourers in Ireland, rate of, 62;
average rates of in 1836, 131.
Wanderers, idle, act against, 34.
Wardens, enactment for the appointment of in townlands and parishes,
226.
Wards in workhouses appropriated to pauper lunatics, 286.
——, towns with 10,000 inhabitants may be divided into, for the purpose
of electing guardians, 233.
Wars, private, not to be made without consent of the governor, 18.
Waste lands in Ireland, quantities of, 89.
Waterford, resistance to the payment of rates in, 235.
Wealth and distress may be concurrent in a country, 97.
Wellington, duke of, support given by to Irish Poor Law bill, 219, 220.
West of Ireland, portion taken by the author in his First Report, 159;
severe distress in during 1839, 256;
amount of government relief to, _ibid._ _note_.
Western unions, total destitution of in 1849, 358.
Wexford, stormed by Cromwell, 10.
Wheat, average price of in Mark Lane in November 1853, 1854, and 1855,
17, _note_.
Whipping, a punishment for begging without a licence, 53.
Widows, helpless, mendicity-houses and almshouses recommended for, 145;
enactment making them chargeable with the support of their children,
227.
Wild herbs, used as sustenance by the distressed poor, 132.
Wilkinson, Mr., engaged as architect for the Irish workhouses, 243
_note_.
William the Conqueror, design of for bringing Ireland under subjection,
3.
William the Third opposed by the Roman Catholics of Ireland, 10.
William IV., death of, 195.
Witnesses, Commissioners empowered to summon, 334.
Wool, act against the pulling from living sheep, 32.
Work to be provided for the destitute poor in workhouses, 225.
Workhouse, act for erecting one in Dublin in 1703, 35;
regulations for the government of, 36;
rate to be levied for the support of, 37.
—— relief, advantages and disadvantages, as regards Ireland, 134;
not recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 135.
Workhouse system recommended for Ireland by G. C. Lewis, 152.
—— masters in London, testimony of as to the characters and habits of
Irish poor, 158.
—— system of England, doubts whether practicable in Ireland, 169;
assurance arrived at that it is, 170;
doubts whether fitted for a test of destitution, _ibid._;
assurance arrived at that it would be more so in Ireland than in
England, 171;
expense occasioned by adopting not likely to be inordinately large,
172.
—— officers, estimated expenses of salaries for, 209;
dietaries, order for, 252;
employment, nature of, 274.
—— expenditure in the years 1842 to 1846, 323;
in 1847, 329, 345;
in 1848, 363;
in 1849, 366, 371;
in 1850, 376;
in 1851, 387;
in 1852, 394;
in 1853, _ib._
—— accommodation, extreme pressure upon, occasioned by the potato
disease, 324;
necessity for an increase of in 1847, 342, 343;
auxiliary establishments provided in 1849, 352;
amount expended in procuring increased, 366;
extent of, from 1847 to 1851, 377.
—— hospitals, insufficiency of during the prevalence of the potato
disease, 325.
—— mortality, greatly increased ratio of during the distress of 1846-7,
326.
Workhouses to be provided in each county, 53;
recommendation that houses of industry should be made available for,
186;
estimated expenses of constructing, 209;
architect engaged to erect, 243;
number of provided in 1840, 245;
in 1841, 260;
number of in operation in 1842, 271;
cost of up to 1842, 273;
sanitary state of, 275;
number in operation in 1843, 282;
inspection of by the author in 1842, 284;
amount of government loans for the erection of in 1845, 302.
Works, useful, recommended as a means of employing the distressed poor
in Ireland, 100.
Young, Arthur, his account of the state of Ireland in 1776-78, 59 _et
seq._
LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES & SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.
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Footnotes
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Transcriber’s Note
On p. 215, the quoted material refers to the Belgian ‘bleuse’ (blouse).
This may be a misprint, however the report being quoted is closely
paraphrased in other texts using the same spelling.
On p. 398, a quoted passage introduced by “commissioners remark in their
Report” opens with a quotation mark which has no corresponding close. It
is not obvious where that passage closes.
Errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and
are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original.
References with three numbers refer to corrections to footnotes.
46.26 or within the same walls with child[r]en, Inserted.
99.11 An apprehension was more[o]ver Inserted.
99.25 to a greater certain[t]y of crop Inserted.
215.38 The men universally wear the [bleuse] _Sic._
106.52.1 Dr. Doyle in his eviden[e/c]e before the Replaced.
committee
158.29 to adduce any ad[d]itional proofs Inserted.
211.4 me[n]dicancy Inserted.
224.8 from the time of such app[p]ointment Removed.
380.15 de[c]laring that Inserted.
416.58 Ninth Report of the proce[e]dings in 1847 Inserted.