Relaxed_A History of the Inquisition of Spain; vol. 3

In person. In effigy. Penanced.

Lisbon 131 17 1543

Evora 8 3 735

Coimbra 1210

---- ---- ----

139 20 3488

In this the superior energy and ferocity of the Lisbon tribunal is

noteworthy; it relaxed no less than 66 persons in the years 1732-42.

The last burning was of the unfortunate Padre Malagrida, in 1761 but,

as late as 1760, Evora burnt four culprits.

As far as can be ascertained the total record of the Portuguese

Inquisition, up to 1794, is 1175 relaxed in person, 633 in effigy

and 29,590 penanced. The proportion of New Christians among

these is impossible of ascertainment, but towards the last it

diminished considerably, and, as in Spain, the jurisdiction included

superstitious sorcery, blasphemy, bigamy, etc.

Under the ministry of the Marquis of Pombal, Dom José, April 8, 1768,

deprived the Inquisition of censorship and, by successive edicts

of May 2, 1768, June 16, 1773 and December, 1774, all distinctions

between Old and New Christians were removed. An order of February 10,

1774, abolished the Inquisition of Goa, but the death of Dom José,

in 1777, and the succession of Maria I drove Pombal from power, and

it was revived in 1779, to be finally suppressed in 1812 (Vicente

d'Abreu, pp. 6-7, 267-72, 274). In Portugal it was extinguished by the

revolution of 1820.

In 1774 a new _Regimento_ was issued by the inquisitor-general,

Cardinal da Cunha, in the preface of which the Jesuits are accused

of having perverted the forms of procedure, causing all the evils

with which it had afflicted the land. The new code removed many of

the abuses of the old and King José, in the decree approving it,

repeated the accusation of the Jesuits, holding them responsible

for the ferocious and sanguinary corruptions, incompatible with the

principles of natural reason and religion, which had rendered the

Inquisition a horror to all Europe and had created within the monarchy

an independent and autocratic body of ecclesiastics.--Regimento do

Santo Officio da Inquisição, pp. 3 sqq. 31, 37, 39, 42, 55, 62-3, 71,

89, 144-5, 149, 154-5. (Lisboa, 1774).

English versions of both Regimentos--that of 1640 and that of

1774--are given by da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendonça in the

_Narrative of his Persecutions_ (London, 1811). He lay for three

years, 1802 to 1805, in the prison of the Lisbon tribunal and, if his

account is to be relied upon, the reforms of Pombal had already become

obsolete.

[846] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

In 1783 Inquisitor-general Beltran instructed the tribunals that no

one was to be arrested for Judaism without first submitting to him

all the papers. At the same time he called for reports of all cases

of Judaism there pending, to which Valencia replied that it had

none.--Ibidem, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 59; Leg. 4, n.

2, fol. 136.

[847] Novís. Recop., Lib. XII, T. i, ley 4.

[848] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.

[849] Proceso contra Diego Rodríguez Silva (MS. _penes me_).

[850] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 3, fol.

183.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XXII.

[851] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol.

112.

[852] De Lamberty, Mémoires pour servir, VIII, 379.

[853] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 52.

[854] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 222.

[855] Ibidem, Leg. 100.

[856] Amador de los Rios, III, 552-3.

[857] Novís. Recop., Lib. XII, Tit. i, ley 5.

[858] Amador de los Rios, III, 557.

[859] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 435^{2}.

[860] MS. _penes me_.

[861] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.

[862] Ibidem, Lib. 559.

[863] Lindo's History of the Jews, p. 377.

[864] Amador de los Rios, III, 561-2.--Paredes, Curso de Derecho

político, p. 666 (Madrid, 1883).

[865] Elkan N. Adler, in Jewish Quarterly Review, April, 1901, p. 392.

[866] P. Angel Tineo Heredia, Los Judíos en España, pp. 44, 48

(Madrid, 1881).

[867] The long-drawn tragedy of the Moriscos can only be outlined

within the compass of a chapter and I must refer the reader, who

desires greater detail, to my "Moriscos of Spain, their Conversion and

Expulsion" (Philadelphia 1901). Since that volume was issued Padre

Pascual Boronat y Barrachina has published two octavo volumes on the

subject--"Los Moriscos españoles y su Expulsion" (Valencia, 1901) in

which his industry has accumulated a very copious mass of original

documents; of these I have here freely availed myself.

[868] Yanguas y Miranda, Diccionario de Antigüedades del Reino de

Navarra II, 433 (Pamplona, 1840).

[869] Fray Jayme Bleda, Corónica de los Moros, p. 877 (Valencia, 1618).

[870] Pulgar, Crónica de los Reyes Católicas, II,

lxxvii.--Archivo gén. de la C. de Aragon, Regist. 3684, fol.

96.--Padre Fidel Fita (Boletin, XV, 323-5, 327, 328, 330; XXIII, 431).

[871] Fernández y González, p. 421.--Coleccion de Documentos, VIII,

411.--Marmol Carvajal, Rebelion y Castigo de los Moriscos de Granada,

pp. 146-50 (Biblioteca de Autores españoles, Tom. XXI).

[872] Coleccion de Documentos, XI, 569; XIV, 496.--Janer, Condicion

social de los Moriscos, p. 127.

[873] Printed in Appendix to the author's "Moriscos," p. 403.

[874] Marmol Carvajal, p. 153.--Salazar de Mendoza, Crónica del gran

Cardenal de España, p. 251 (Toledo, 1625).

[875] Marmol Carvajol, p. 152.--Pedraza, Hist. eccles. de Granada,

fol. 174, 186-7.

[876] Gomesii de Rebus gestis a Francisco Ximenio, Lib.

IV, fol. 65; Lib. V, fol. 128; Lib.

VII, fol. 219.

[877] The principal authority for all this is Marmol Carvajal

(Rebelion y Castigo, pp. 153-6), but there are also accounts by Gomez

(De Rebus gestis, Lib. II, fol. 30-33); Zurita (Hist.

del Rey Hernando, Lib. III, cap. xliv); Galíndez de

Carvajal (Coleccion de Docum. XVIII, 296); Bernaldez (Hist. de los

Reyes Catholicos, p. 145); Pedraza (Hist. ecles. de Granada, fol. 193,

196).

[878] Clemencin, Elogio de la Reina Isabel, pp. 291-3 (Madrid,

1821).--Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 26.

[879] Zurita, Galíndez de Carvajal, Marmol Carvajal, Bernaldez, _ubi

sup._

[880] Nueva Recop. Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 8.

[881] When, or on what terms, this exemption was granted to the

Moriscos of Granada I have been unable to ascertain, but it is

referred to repeatedly in subsequent documents as a matter of common

knowledge.

[882] Boronat, Los Moriscos españoles, I, 113.

[883] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 4.--Cf.

Fernández y González, p. 219.

[884] Galíndez de Carvajal (Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 301-4). Zurita,

while quoting Carvajal, disputes this, but admits that the conversion

was not voluntary.--Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. IV,

cap. 54.

[885] Col. de Documentos, XXXVI, 447.

[886] Bravo, Catálogo de los Obispos de Córdova, I, 411 (Córdova,

1788).

[887] Gomesii de Rebus gestis Lib. III, fol. 77.

[888] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, p. 74.

[889] Concil. Hispalens., ann. 1512, Cap. 2 (Aguirre, V, 363).

[890] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 3, fol. 72.

[891] Mariana, Hist. de España, Ed. 1796, Tom. IX, Append, p. lvi.

[892] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 4, fol. 97; Lib. 9, fol. 2, 13,

29; Lib. 940 fol. 69, 131, 185.

[893] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 89.--Danvila y

Collado, p. 98.

[894] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Bibl.

nacional, MSS., D, 111, fol. 127; PV, 3, n. 20.--Procesos contra Mari

Serrana, Mari Naranja, Mari Gómez la Sazeda (MSS. _penes me_).

[895] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

[896] Bleda, Corónica, p. 905.

[897] MSS. _penes me_.--MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T.

[898] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[899] Pedraza, Hist. ecles. de Granada, fol. 236-8.

[900] Sandoval, Hist. de Carlos V, Lib. XIV, cap.

18.--Guevara, Epístolas familiares p. 543.

[901] Sandoval, _ubi sup._--Dormer, Añales de Aragon, Lib.

II, cap. vii.--Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 926, fol. 80.

[902] Dormer, _ubi sup._--Bleda, Corónica, p. 566.--Marmol Carvajal,

p. 158.--Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, leyes 13,

15, 17.

[903] Dormer, Bleda, Marmol Carvajal, _loc. cit._--Relazioni Venete,

Serie I, Tom. V, p. 37.

[904] Rule, History of the Inquisition, I, 172 (London, 1874).

[905] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 80-2, 86-7.--Gachard,

Retraite et Mort de Charles-quint, II, 356.

[906] Mendoza, Guerra de Granada, p. 71 (Bibl. de Autores españoles,

T. XXI).

[907] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, p. 172.

[908] Marmol Carvajal, p. 160.--Cabrera, Felipe Segundo, pp. 293,

429 (Madrid, 1619).--Memoria de Mondéjar, pp. 14-16 (Morel-Fatio,

L'Espagne an xvi^{e} et xvii^{e} Siècle).--Mendoza, p. 71.--Pedraza,

fol. 239.

[909] Cabrera, p. 393.--Pedraza, fol. 238.

[910] Cabrera, pp. 394, 466.--Pedraza, fol. 238-9.

[911] Memoria de Mondéjar (Morel-Fatio, p. 17).--Marmol Carvajal, p.

167.--Cabrera, p. 465.--Pedraza, fol. 239.

[912] Marmol Carvajal, pp. 161-2.--Pedraza, fol. 239.

This prohibition of bathing, even by Christians, is a curious

illustration of the civilization of the period. It had degenerated

since the Fuero of Teruel, granted in 1176, by Alfonso II of Aragon,

which prescribed that the public bath should be used by men on

Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, by women on Mondays and Wednesdays,

and by Jews and Moors on Fridays. On Sundays the bath was closed and

no water was heated.--Forum Turolii: Transcripcion de Francisco Aznar

y Navarro, p. 142 (Zaragoza, 1905).

[913] Marmol Carvajal, pp. 166, 168.--Cabrera, p. 465.--Pedraza, fol.

240.

[914] Marmol Carvajal, p. 167.--Pedraza, fol. 241.

[915] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 145.

The Córtes of 1570 petitioned Philip to repeal the prohibition of

using arquebuses in the chase, pointing out that the war in Granada

had shown the scarcity of the weapon in Spain and the lack of men

that could use it. They also referred to the difficulty experienced

in arming the levies and suggested that the cities and towns should

be permitted to provide armories at their own cost under such

restrictions as the king might prescribe. To these petitions the royal

replies were equivocal. It is all highly significant of the suspicions

entertained by the monarch as to the loyalty of his subjects.--Córtes

de Córdova del año de setenta, fol. 6, 12 (Alcalá, 1575).

[916] Córtes de Córdova del año de setenta, fol. 13 (Alcalá, 1575).

[917] Dépêches de M. de Fourquevaux, I, 354 (Paris, 1896).

[918] Marmol Carvajal, p. 277.--Mendoza, p. 92.

[919] Marmol Carvajal, pp. 341, 364.--Col. de Documentos, XXVIII, 156.

[920] Bibl. nacional, MSS., G. 50, fol. 240.

[921] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 407.

[922] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 22.

[923] Janer, p. 256.

[924] Obras de Cervantes, p. 242 (Ed. Ribadeneyra).

[925] Córtes de Madrid del año de setenta y tres, Peticion 96 (Alcalá,

1575).

[926] Janer, p. 272.--Boronat, I, 626.

[927] Janer, p. 270.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 905.--Nueva Recop., Lib.

VIII, Tit. ii, ley 24.

[928] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 451.

[929] Ximenez, Vida de Ribera, p. 379.

[930] Janer, p. 272.--Boronat, I, 318.--Bleda, Corónica, p.

921.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, Expulsion de los Moriscos, fol. 122-3

(Pamplona, 1613).--Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 355.

[931] Sandoval, Lib. XII, § xxviii.

[932] Danvila y Collado, pp. 75, 76.--Constitutions y altres Drets de

Cathalunya, p. 34 (Barcelona, 1688).

[933] Fernández y González, p. 441.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 641; Ejusd.

Defensio Fidei, p. 156.

[934] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1.

[935] Ibidem, Lib. 926, fol. 76.

[936] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 132.

[937] Ibidem, Lib. 3, fol. 245.

[938] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1.--Múñoz, Diario Turolense,

ann. 1502 (Boletin, 1895, p. 10).

[939] Ibidem, Lib. 14, fol. 80; Lib. 940, fol. 69, 131, 185.

[940] This work was subsequently prohibited. Nevertheless Salvatierra,

Bishop of Segorbe, in 1587 asked Philip II to permit its reprinting

for the benefit of priests laboring among the Moriscos.--Boronat, I,

614.

[941] Archivo hist, nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 98.

In the Appendix will be found a table of all the cases of heresy

tried by the Valencia tribunal from 1455 to 1592. In the fifteenth

century the culprits must have been almost exclusively Judaizers.

Then in time Moriscos were mingled with them, but the blanks in the

fifth, sixth and seventh decades, during which the Moriscos, as we

shall see, were exempted from the Inquisition, show that Judaizers had

virtually disappeared, except those punished in 1544, 1545 and 1546,

for retraction of confession (See Vol. II, p. 584).

There is also an imperfect table of the cases of relaxation. An

examination of these tables will show the varying activity of the

Inquisition of the period.

[942] Danvila y Collado, La Germanía de Valencia, pp. 146, 471.--Pet.

Mart. Angler. Lib. XXXIII, Epp. 659-61.

[943] MS. Informacio super Conversione Sarracenorum.--I possess the

original document.

[944] MS. Informacio.--Danvila y Collado, Germanía, p. 184.

[945] MS. Informacio.--Danvila, Germanía, pp. 473, 474.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 400.--Loazes, Tractatus

super nova paganorum Regni Valentiæ Conversione, col. 12 (Valentiæ,

1525)

[946] Danvila y Collado, Germanía, p. 489.

[947] Guevara, Epistolas familiares, pp. 639-42.

[948] Cap. 13 in Sexto, Lib. V, Tit. ii.

[949] Hostiensis Aureæ Summæ Lib. III, de Baptismo

§ 11; Lib. V, de Judæis § 5.--S. Th. Aquinat. Summæ

P. III, Q. lxviii, Art, 8 ad 4; Q. lxix, Art. 9 ad

1.--S. Bonaventura in IV Sentt. Dist. IV P. 1, art. 2,

Q. 1.--S. Antoninæ Summæ P. II, Tit. xii, Cap. 2, §

1.--Summa Sylvestrina s. v. _Baptismus_ IV, § 10.

[950] Albertus Magnus in IV Sentt., Dist. VI, Art.

10.--Duns Scotus in IV Sentt. Dist. IV, Q. 4, 5.--Summa

Angelica S. V. _Baptismus_ VI, §§ 6, 12.

The facility with which, in this matter, the Church adapted its

theories to accomplished facts is well exhibited by Cardinal Toletus

(Summæ Casuum Conscientiæ Lib. II, cap. xxi).

After explaining that, in adult baptism, three prerequisites are

necessary--intention, faith and sorrow for sins committed--he proceeds

"Hæc autem non eodem modo sunt necessaria. Intentio namque ita est

necessaria ut si desit actualis vel virtualis, non sit baptismus.

Unde fit ut qui renuens invitus baptizatur, non sit vere baptizatus;

si tamen interius consensit, quamvis metu et vi, tunc baptizatus est

et recepit characterem, sed non gratiam; cogendusque est ut maneat

in fide Christiana." Thus the coerced convert was burdened with the

responsibilities of baptism while denied its spiritual benefits.

[951] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 97.

[952] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, p. 88.

[953] MS. Informacio.

[954] Loazes, Tractatus, col. 1, 17, 45, 60-1, 62.

[955] Sandoval, Lib. XIII, § xxviii.--Sayas, Añales de

Aragon, cap. cxxvii.--Danvila y Collado, Expulsion, pp. 90-1.

[956] Sandoval, Sayas, _loc. cit._--Bleda, Corónica, p. 647.

[957] Fonseca, Giusto Scacciamento, p. 11 (Roma, 1611).--Bleda, _loc.

cit._--Ejusd. Defensio Fidei, p. 123.

[958] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 47.--Bulario de la

Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol. 58.

[959] Sandoval, _loc. cit._--Sayas, _loc. cit._--Danvila y Collado,

pp. 92-3.--Boronat, I, 141.

[960] Sayas, _loc. cit._

[961] Llorente, Añales, II, 287.

[962] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 285.--Bledæ Defensio

Fidei, pp. 463-66.

[963] Danvila y Collado, pp. 94-8.--Fernández y González, p.

443.--Sayas, cap. cxxvii.

[964] Sayas, _loc. cit._--Danvila, pp. 97-8.

[965] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 285.--Boronat, I, 403.

[966] Sayas, cap. cxxvii.--Llorente, Añales, II, 296.--Danvila, p. 99.

Boronat asserts (I, 157) that the greater part of the Valencian Moors

embarked at Coruña, while large numbers, from the rest of Spain,

went to France by way of Biscay, but he cites no authority and the

documents and contemporary writers are silent as to any such exodus,

while statistics and the course of events show that, except those

who escaped to Barbary, practically the whole Moorish population was

retained.

[967] Guevara, Epistolas familiares, p. 543.--Archivo de Simancas,

Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

Bleda (Defensio Fidei, p. 125) says that Guevara exaggerates and that

in 1573 there were in Valencia only 19,801 Morisco families.

It is not easy to determine the Morisco population of Valencia. A

detailed list of the whole kingdom, dated 1520 (but which Padre

Boronat thinks was corrected up to 1550) gives a total of 52,689

hearths of Old Christians and 31,815 of New Christians. In 1582

Ximenez de Reinosso, Valencian Inquisitor, estimated the Morisco

population at from 19,000 to 20,000 families. About 1601, Feliciano

de Figueroa, Bishop of Segorbe, assumed that there were 460 Morisco

settlements, comprising 28,000 hearths and 120,000 souls in

all.--Boronat, I, 428-42, 596; II, 431.

[968] Sandoval, Lib. XIII, § xxix.--Dormer, Lib.

II, cap. viii, ix.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 649.

[969] Sayas, cap. cxxx.--Dormer, Lib. II, cap. i.

[970] Sandoval, Lib. XIII, § xxviii.--Dormer, _loc.

cit._

[971] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 108.

[972] Boronat, I, 423-8.

[973] Ibidem, I, 162-5.

[974] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 183.

[975] Ibidem, fol. 312.

[976] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 38,

39.

[977] Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 106-13.--Archivo de Simancas, _loc.

cit._, fol. 37.

[978] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 9; Lib. 922, fol. 15.

[979] Ibidem, Inquisicion, Lib. 78, fol. 192; Patronato Real,

Inq., Leg. único, fol. 37, 38.--Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 114,

116.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol.

33.

[980] Col. de Documentos, XVIII, 119-24.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp.

333-6.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol.

187.

[981] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 922, fol. 15.

[982] Danvila y Collado, pp. 183-88.--Cf. Archivo hist. nacional, Inq.

de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 5, n. 1, fol. 107.

[983] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol.

3.--Danvila y Collado, p. 228.

[984] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 14,

15.

[985] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 10, fol.

79.--Danvila y Collado, p. 263.

[986] Ibidem, Leg. 98, 99.

[987] Boronat, I, 540-69.

[988] Gachard, Voyages des Souverains des Pays-Bas, I, 208.

[989] Sayas, cap. ex.--Dormer, Lib. II, cap. i.

[990] Danvila y Collado, p. 116.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, p. 190.

[991] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol.

94, 96, 105.

[992] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 77, fol. 227.

[993] Col. de Documentos, T. V, p. 81.

[994] Ibidem, T. V, pp. 92, 93, 102-7.

[995] Danvila y Collado, pp. 167-71.--Boronat, I, 238.--Bledæ Defensio

Fidei, p. 192.--Aguirre, Concil. Hispan. V, 415, 419, 432.

[996] Boronat, II, 45-6, 69-71, 169, 435, 438, 478, 683.

[997] Ibidem, II, 436, 440-3.

[998] Danvila y Collado, pp. 126, 129, 181, 183, 194.--Boronat, I,

443-69, 569.

[999] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 3.

[1000] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 57, 80.--Bulario de

la Orden de Santiago, Lib. II, fol. 79.

[1001] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 49, 53, 59, 63,

67.--Bulario, Lib. III, fol. 51, 85, 88, 109; Lib.

IV, fol. 24, 103.--Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg.

1049.--Boronat, I, 495.

[1002] Boronat, II, 439.

[1003] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol.

128.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 926, fol. 71.

[1004] Boronat, I, 669; II, 8.--Escolano, Decada primera de la

Historia de Valencia, II, 1783-97 (Valencia, 1610-11).

[1005] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 5, fol. 185,

186, 220, 295, 297-99.

[1006] Danvila y Collado, p. 130.

[1007] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 33.

[1008] Col. de Documentos, T. V, p. 104.

[1009] Ibidem, pp. 100, 101, 107, 108, 122.

[1010] Archivo de Simancas, Sala 40, Lib. IV, fol. 262.

[1011] Danvila y Collado, pp. 164, 167.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq.

de Valencia, Leg. 98.

[1012] Discorso de la Vida de D. Martin de Ayala (Revista crítica de

Historia y Literatura, 1902, p. 375).

[1013] Dormer, Lib. II, cap. i.--Danvila y Collado, pp.

101, 105.

[1014] The _zofres_ or _zofras_ were imposts or excise paid by

the Mudéjares in addition to the division of crops. It remained a

grievance to the last.--Ximenez, Vida de Ribera, pp. 362, 444.

[1015] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de

copias, fol. 118.

[1016] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 77, fol. 227.

[1017] Boronat, I, 531; II, 147.

[1018] Bleda, Corónica, p. 1030; Defensio Fidei, pp. 47, 51.--Fonseca,

Giusto Scacciamento, p. 65.

[1019] Danvila y Collado, pp, 128, 133, 211.--Boletin, Abril 1887, p.

288.--Boronat, I, 469.

[1020] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. IV,

fol. 263.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.

[1021] Danvila y Collado, p. 127.--Col. de Documentos, V, 88, 102,

123.--Janer, Condicion social de los Moriscos, p. 342.--Boronat, I,

233.--Danvila, in Boletin, Abril, 1877, pp. 276-306.

[1022] Guadalajara y Xavierr, Expulsion de los Moriscos, fol.

62.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 13, fol. 372--Relazioni Venete,

Serie I, T. VI, p. 407.

[1023] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 296.--Guadalajara y

Xavierr, fol. 64.--Lanuza, Historias de Aragon, II, 417 (Zaragoza,

1622).

[1024] Bledæ Defensio Fidei, p. 372.--Fonseca, p. 377.

[1025] Navarrete, Conservacion de Monarquías, pp. 51-3 (Madrid, 1626).

[1026] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 951-2.

[1027] Fonseca, p. 72.--Cf. Bleda, _op. cit._, p. 905.

[1028] C. Trident. Sess., XXIV, de Reform. Matrim. C. 1.

[1029] Danvila y Collado, p. 169.--Aguirre, Concil. Hispan. V, 418.

[1030] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol.

101, 102.--Boronat, I, 661.

[1031] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 13, cap.

ix.

[1032] Boronat, I, 589.--Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 57, 42al.--Danvila,

p. 230.

[1033] Boronat, I, 208-12--Escolano, II, 1746-68, 1798-1810.--Persiles

y Sigismunda, Lib. II, cap. xi.

[1034] Danvila y Collado, pp. 161, 182, 205, 207.

[1035] Boronat, I, 207.--Constitutions en la Cort de Barcelona en lany

1520; en lany 1547 (Barcelona, 1520, 1548).

[1036] Pet. Mart. Angler. Epist. 499.--Mariana, Hist. de España, IX,

217 (Ed. 1796).

[1037] Danvila y Collado, pp. 109-12, 118, 129, 132, 210.--Nueva

Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 20.--Archivo de

Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 69, 184.--Boronat, I, 471, 499.

[1038] Fonseca, pp. 341, 343.

[1039] Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 160-3.

[1040] Pet. Mart. Angler., Epist. 499.

[1041] Escolano, II, 1448.

[1042] Boronat, I, 179.

[1043] Danvila y Collado, p. 158.

[1044] Dépêches de M. de Fourquevaux, I, 8, 13.

[1045] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.

[1046] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, pp. 165, 241.

[1047] Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 272, 276, 285.

[1048] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo,

Leg. 5, fol. 192.

[1049] Mémoires du Duc de la Force, I, 217-20, 339-15 (Paris,

1843).--Escolano, II, 1811-18.

[1050] Janer, p. 274.

[1051] Mémoires de la Force, I, 217, 221-2.

[1052] Ambassade en Turquie de Jean de Gontaut-Biron, Baron de

Salignac, II, 353 (Paris, 1889).

[1053] Danvila y Collado, pp. 250-4.

[1054] Bleda, Corónica, p. 928; Defensio Fidei, pp. 13-14, 502.

[1055] Boronat, I, 291-4, 596, 603-4.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 196-200.

The memorial, in a somewhat more elaborate form, was presented to the

conference of bishops in Valencia, November 22, 1608, when Ribera

pronounced it to be a hallucination, founded on ignorance--Boronat,

II, 132, 493 sqq.

[1056] Boronat, I, 610-34.

[1057] Danvila y Collado, p. 227.

[1058] Boronat, II, 64.

[1059] Boronat, I, 366.

[1060] Ibidem, II, 75, 98-111.

[1061] Boronat, II, 464-74.

[1062] Ximenez, Vida de Juan de Ribera, p. 381.

[1063] Janer, p. 299.

[1064] Danvila y Collado, pp. 274-86.--Boronat, II, 506.--Janer, pp.

282-91.

[1065] Ximenez, p. 397.--Boronat, II, 501.

[1066] Boronat, II, 501, 167.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 988.

[1067] Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 109.--Fonseca, pp. 148-58.

[1068] Janer, p. 299.

[1069] Fonseca, pp. 165, 198.

[1070] Fonseca, pp. 199 sqq.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia,

Leg. 205, fol. 2--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1000.

[1071] Danvila y Collado, p. 301.--Fonseca, p. 219.

[1072] Boronat, II, 240.

[1073] Fonseca, pp. 202 sqq., 219.--Janer, p. 203.--Bleda, Corónica,

p. 1004.--Boronat, II, 210.

[1074] Fonseca, pp. 212-22.--Escolano, II, 1988.--Bleda, Corónica, pp.

999, 1001-3, 1005-7, 1020.--Boronat, II, 234.

A report, apparently drawn up by the Valencia tribunal, puts the

number at the more moderate figure of 100,656, viz., at Valencia,

17,766; at Alicante, 32,000; at Denia, 30,000; at Vinaros, 15,200; and

at Moncofar, 5,690.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 205,

fol. 2.

[1075] Fonseca, pp. 234-49.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1009-20.--Escolano,

II, 1972.

[1076] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 386, 390, 396, 402.--Nueva Recop.,

Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, ley 25.--Bleda, Corónica, pp.

1038-42.--Janer, pp. 295, 296.--Cf. Bravo, Catálogo de los Obispos de

Córdova, p. 582.

[1077] Guadalajara, fol. 144.--Aguilar y Caro, Memorial Ostipense, I,

164-66. (Estepa, 1886).

[1078] Danvila y Collado, p. 292.--Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 386, 389,

390.--Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1036-7.

[1079] Danvila y Collado, p. 310.--Boronat, II, 288-91.--Bleda,

Corónica, p. 1051.--Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 393, 396.

[1080] Tapía, Historia de la Civilizacion española, III,

272.--Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 402.--Bofarull y Broca, Historia de

Cataluña, VII, 292 (Barcelona, 1878).--Watson's Philip III, Appendix B.

[1081] Lanuza, II, 49.--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1045.--Danvila y Collado,

p. 311.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 124-8.

[1082] Janer, p. 280--Boronat, II, 298, 301, 596.--Bledæ Defensio

Fidei, pp. 602-6, 612-18.--Watson's Philip III, Appendix

B.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol. 135-41.

[1083] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1046-50.--Guadalajara y Xavierr, fol.

142.--Janer, p. 90.--Lanuza, II, 249.

[1084] Mémoires de Richelieu, I, 88 (Paris, 1823).

[1085] Mémoires de la Force, II, 8-12, 288-311.

[1086] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 410, 413, 415, 418.

[1087] Janer, pp. 344, 345, 350.--Boronat, II, 293-4.--Bleda Corónica,

pp. 1051-2; Defensio Fidei, pp. 524-5, 607-12.--Cabrera, Relaciones,

p. 415.

[1088] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 434, 437, 440, 522.--Bleda, Corónica,

pp. 1044, 1057-8, 1060.--Janer, pp. 351, 355, 356, 357, 360.--Danvila

y Collado, pp. 212, 213.

[1089] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1058-60.--Janer, pp. 361-66.--Cabrera,

Relaciones, pp. 531, 546.--Danvila y Collado, pp. 314, 317.--Boronat,

II, 285-7, 593.

[1090] Bleda, Corónica, pp. 1021-3.--V. de la Fuente, Hist. eccles. de

España, III, 228.--Boronat, I, 197; II, 307.

[1091] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 372.

[1092] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 224.

[1093] Autos acordados, Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, Autos 4, 6.

[1094] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 552, fol. 22, 23.

[1095] E. N. Adler, in Jewish Quarterly Review, XIII, 417.--Archivo de

Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1479, fol. 2.

In Mr. Adler's paper, by a printer's error, the auto of Oct. 10th is

attributed to Córdova May 15th.

[1096] Matute y Luquin, p. 268.

[1097] Danvila y Collado, p. 318.

[1098] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[1099] Guadalajara y Xavierr, Expulsion, fol. 163; Historia

Pontifical, V, 161.--Escolano, II, 1990.--Navarrete, Conservacion

de Monarquías, p. 50.--Dávila, Vida y Hechos del Rey Felipe III, p.

151.--Von der Hammer y Leon, Felipe el Prudente, fol. 33.--Alfonsi

Sanctii de Rebus Hispan. Anacephaleosis, p. 390.

[1100] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XII, art. 1, n.

20.--Janer, p. 143.--V. de la Fuente III, 229.--Danvila y Collado, pp.

337-40.--Boronat, II, 307.

[1101] Pellegrini, Relazioni di Ambasciatori Lucchesi, p. 32 (Lucca,

1903).

[1102] Fonseca, pp. 222-6.

[1103] Ambassade de Salignac, II, 389, 434.--Mémoires de Richelieu, I,

89.

[1104] Decret. Sac. Congr. S. Officii, p. 435 (Bibl. del R. Archivio

di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).

[1105] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 391, 396.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq.

de Valencia, Leg. 205, fol. 2.--Juan Ripol, Diálogo de Consuelo, fol.

20 (Pamplona, 1613)--Bleda, Corónica, p. 1021.--Escolano, II, 1988.

[1106] Boronat, II, 243-5.

[1107] Escolano, II, 1992.

[1108] Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 404.

[1109] Escolano (II, 2001) attributes the slow fever which ended

Ribera's life, in January 1611, to the execration aroused by the

misery of the kingdom resulting from the expulsion, for which he

was held responsible, and to the vexations endured in his unsparing

endeavors to root out the remnants.

[1110] Janer, p. 343.

[1111] Watson's Philip III, Appendix B.

[1112] Cabrera, Relaciones, p. 458.

[1113] Mémoires de Richelieu, I, 86.

[1114] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 595.--The next Lutheran

relaxation in Majorca did not occur until 1645, and then it was the

effigy of the fugitive Jan Anhelant, a Hollander.

[1115] Balan, Monumenta Reform. Lutheranæ, p. 79 (Ratisbonæ, 1883).

[1116] Llorente, Añales, II, 253.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib.

940, fol. 1.

[1117] Bergenroth, Calendar of Spanish State Papers, Supplement, pp.

376, 384. See also Danvila, Historia de las Comunidades, III, 580-3

(Mem. hist. español, XXXVII).

[1118] In my "Chapters from the Religious History of Spain" there will

be found fuller details of this episode drawn, for the most part, from

the excellent account given by Menéndez y Pelayo in his _Heterodoxos

Españoles_, Vol. II.

[1119] Archivo hist. nacional. Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 112, n. 74.

[1120] Nic. Anton. Bibl. Nova, s. v.--Heterodoxos españoles, II, 63.

[1121] Don Manuel Serrano y Sanz has given a full analysis of this

case, from the documents, in the _Revista de Archivos_, Dic. 1901,

Enero y Junio, 1902.

[1122] Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 94.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap.

XIV, art. ii, n. 4-12.

Virués must have taken possession of his see, for he is said to have

died at Telde, a village near Las Palmas, the capital of the Grand

Canary.--Murga, Constituciones Sinodales del Obispado de la Gran

Canaria, fol. 320 (Madrid, 1634).

[1123] Mémoires de Francisco de Enzinas, Ed. Campan, II, 158-70

(Bruxelles, 1862).

[1124] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31.

[1125] Llorente, Hist. crít. cap. XVIII, art. ii, n. 8;

cap. XXIX, art. ii, n. 8, 9, 10.--Mig. Medinæ Disput.

de Indulg., cap. XLVIII.

We find Miguel de Medina, in 1570, acting as consultor in the trial at

Toledo of Dr. Sigismondo Arquer for Lutheranism.--Schäfer, Beiträge

zur Geschichte des spanischen Protestantismus, II, 228 (Gütersloh,

1902).

[1126] Bullar. Roman. I, 613.--Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen

Bücher, I, 72.

[1127] Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 315-16.

[1128] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 27; Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1129] Boronat, I, 174.

[1130] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30, n. 10; Leg.

31.

[1131] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de

copias, fol. 97.

[1132] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1133] Ibidem, Lib. 76, fol. 401.

[1134] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I de

copias, fol. 98.--See Appendix.

[1135] Catálogo de las causas seguidas en el Tribunal de Toledo, p.

113 (Madrid, 1903).

[1136] Laemmer, Monumenta Vaticana Sæc. XVI, p. 244 (Friborgi, 1861).

[1137] Mémoires de Francisco de Enzinas, II, 172-216.--Schäfer, III,

9, 738.

Francisco de Enzinas, or Dryander, does not come within our horizon,

as he left Spain before he became a Protestant and, as he never

returned, the Spanish Inquisition had nothing to do with him. His

curious Latin memoirs, with a contemporary French translation, have

been published by the Société de l'Histoire de Belgique (Bruxelles,

1862-3). A German version, by Hedwig Böhmer, appeared at Bonn, in

1893. Eduard Böhmer, with his customary exhaustiveness, has collected

everything that can be gleaned about him, in his _Bibliotheca

Wiffeniana_, I, 133 sqq.

[1138] Reginaldi Gonsalvii Montani S. Inquisit. hispan. Artes aliquot

detectæ, pp. 159-64 (Heidelbergæ, 1567).

[1139] Schäfer, II, 378 sqq.

[1140] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol.

83.--See Appendix.

[1141] Ibidem, Inq., Lib. 79, fol. 98.

[1142] Schäfer, II, 342-53. The account of Dr. Egidio by Llorente

(Hist. crít., cap. XVIII, art. i, n. 8-20), borrowed

from González de Montes, is shown by Schäfer to be wholly incorrect.

[1143] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 375.

[1144] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol.

88.

[1145] Schäfer, II, 1-271, 342, 352. The statistics are as follows:--

Natives. Foreigners.

Barcelona -- 8

Logroño 18 30

Valencia -- 2

Saragossa 5 6

Cuenca 5 3

Granada -- 3

Llerena 1 --

Toledo 8 14

Seville 2 --

There are none reported from Córdova, Murcia, Santiago or Majorca

prior to 1558.

[1146] Schäfer, I, 348-66.--Böhmer, Bibliotheca Wiffeniana, Vol. II.

[1147] Cipriano de Valera was the author of _Los dos Tratados del Papa

y de la Misa_, of which two editions appeared in London, in 1588 and

1599, reprinted by the pious care of Usoz y Rio, in 1851, as Volume

VI of his _Reformistas antiguos españoles_. Of this work there have

been two English translations, one by John Golburne in 1600, and the

other by J. Savage in 1704. Two other tracts by Valera, _Tratado

para confirmar en la Fe Christiana and Aviso sobre Jubileos_, are in

Vol. VIII of the _Reformistas_. His largest work was a translation

of the great _Institutio_ of Calvin, reproduced as Vol. XIV of the

_Reformistas_.

Cassiodoro de Reina became the head of Protestant churches, Spanish

and French, in London, Antwerp and Frankfort. His chief work was the

translation of the Bible into Castilian--a version passing under the

name of Cipriano de Valera, who issued a revised edition. Printed in

modern times by the Bible Society, it has a circulation throughout

Spanish-speaking lands vastly greater than the author could have

anticipated three hundred years ago.--Böhmer, _op. cit._, II, 165.

[1148] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3; Lib. 79, fol.

146.--The three books condemned were _Exposicio del Psalmo Beatus

vir_, Sevilla, 1546, 1551; _Cathecismo cristiano_, Anvers, 1546,

Seville, 1547, and _Confesion de un pecador delante de Jesucristo_,

impr. sin author por Jullio, 1547. These are all in the Valdés Index

of 1559, together with two others of his--_Suma de doctrina cristiana_

and _Dialogo de doctrina cristiana_.--Reuch, Die Indices des XVI

Jahrhunderts, p. 232.

[1149] Juan Pérez was held in much honor by Calvin and, as the little

company of refugees increased, he formed them into a congregation of

which he was pastor. In 1562 he went to France and took charge of a

church at Blois, becoming subsequently chaplain to Renée de France,

the widowed Duchess of Ferrara, whose Huguenot tendencies are well

known. In 1567 he died in Paris, leaving his little accumulations for

the good work of printing books in furtherance of the faith. In 1556

he issued a Castilian New Testament; in 1557, a prose translation

of the Psalms, and these were followed by a number of other

works.--Böhmer, _op. cit._, II, 57.

Several of his writings were included by Usoz y Rios in the

_Reformistas_, viz.: _Epistola consolatoria_, in Vol. II; _Carta á

Felipe_ II, in Vol. III; _Breve Tratado de la Doctrina antigua de

Dios_, in Vol. VII; _Suplicacion al Rey Don Philipe_, in Vol. XII;

_Breve Sumario de Indulgentiis_, in Vol. XVIII.

There was also by him a Catechism--_Sumario breve de la doctrina

Christiana_, printed in 1556 by Crespin in Geneva, though with the

imprint of Pietro Daniel of Venice, with approbation of the Spanish

Inquisition (Böhmer, II, 86). The rigor with which it was suppressed

is illustrated in the trial at Toledo, in 1561, of Mossen Juan

Fesque, a French priest, simply for possessing a copy, which he had

accidentally bought without knowing what it was and had shown to a

bookseller for information. He was tortured with great severity,

without eliciting anything more and, as there was nothing else against

him, he was discharged. In the course of the trial allusion was made

to two other persons, Antonio Martel and Jacobo Sobalti, who had been

burnt by the tribunal for possessing the Catechism.--MSS. of Library

of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. III.

[1150] Schäfer, II, 296, 354-7.

[1151] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. IV,

fol. 239.

[1152] For these details I am indebted to Dr. Schäfer (_op. cit._, I,

251-88, 296-307; III, 796-803), whose careful analysis of the trials

of Doña María de Guevara, Pedro de Cazalla and Francisco de Vivero has

thrown new light upon the brief episode of Protestantism in Valladolid.

[1153] Illescas, Historia pontifical. Paulo IV, § IV.

[1154] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, pp. 411-12.--He adds that

heresy might be expected to spread among the peasantry on account of

the oppression, tithes and first-fruits exacted by the Church, but

that the nobles are vigilant in defence of the faith by reason of the

large provision of benefices which they enjoy.

[1155] Páramo, _op. cit._, p. 300.

[1156] Gachard, Retraite et Mort de Charles-quint, II, 354.

[1157] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. IV,

fol. 228.

This letter also asks that one of the Seville Protestants, Diego

or Mateo de la Cruz, who had been burnt in effigy and subsequently

captured in Flanders, should be promptly transmitted. He had

contributed to Julian Hernández thirty ducats towards books to be

smuggled by the latter. What was his fate does not appear. Cf.

Schäfer, I, 335; II, 358, 407.

[1158] Gachard, II, 417, 418; I, 288.

[1159] Gachard, I, 293, 294, 295, 297.

[1160] Ibidem, I, 301, 302.

[1161] Gachard, I, 302, 304, 306, 309; II, 401, 412, 416, 420-4, 435,

441, 443, 448, 456, 461.

[1162] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. IV,

fol. 230. This letter throws so much light on a turning-point in the

history of the Inquisition that I give it in the Appendix, although

Schäfer (III, 103) has printed a German translation.

[1163] Although called forth rather by the accession of Queen

Elizabeth and her assertion of supremacy over the Anglican Church

than by the Spanish Protestants, the bull _Cum ex apostolatus_, of

February 15, 1559, is worth alluding to as illustrating the spirit of

the age. Issued after mature deliberation with the Sacred College,

it confirms and renews all the laws, decrees and statutes against

heresy, at any time issued, and orders their strict enforcement.

As the vicar of God on earth and clothed with supreme power, Paul

IV decrees in perpetuity that all guilty of heresy or schism or

fautorship--clerics from the lowest up to cardinals and laymen up to

kings and emperors--shall be subject to these laws against heresy,

shall be deprived of their dignities and possessions, which may be

seized by any one obedient to the Holy See; shall be held as relapsed,

as though they had previously abjured, and shall be handed over to

the secular arm for the legal punishment, unless they manifest true

repentance with its fruits, in which case, through the benignity and

clemency of the Holy See, they may, if it thinks fit, be thrust into

some monastery to perform perpetual penance on the bread of sorrow and

water of affliction.--Bullar. Roman., I, 840.--Septimi Decretal., Lib.

V, Tit. iii, cap. 9.

The Spanish Inquisition kept this bull in its archives (Bulario de la

Orden de Santiago, Lib. III, fol. 55) but never seems

to have had occasion to use it. As the most solemn utterance of the

Holy See it is presumably still in force.

[1164] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 153, fol. 95.--The impression produced

by this auto is manifested by the number of relations of it. Schäfer

prints translations of three (I, 442; III, 1,15) and refers to five

others. There is still another, drawn up apparently about 1570 and by

no means accurate, in Bib. nat., S, 151.

[1165] Schäfer, I, 328: III, 808.

[1166] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1034, fol. 221.--Bibl.

nacional, MSS., R, 29, fol. 299.

See Schäfer, III, 78, for a German translation of this and I, 325-7,

for his defence of its genuineness against those who persist in

regarding Cazalla as a martyr.

There is another recension of this report, differing in many details,

and ascribed to Fray Pedro de Mendoza. It is contained in the

_Miscelanea de Zapata_ (Mem. hist. español, XI, 201).

[1167] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib, XII, fol. 20-9.

[1168] Illescas, Historia Pontifical, Paulo IV, § 4.--See also

Sepúlveda (De Rebus Gestis Philippi II, Lib. II, n. 24) who seems to

have been present.

[1169] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 153, fol. 95.

[1170] Illescas, _loc. cit._

[1171] Ibidem, _loc. cit._--Schäfer, III, 118, 129.

[1172] Vandennesse, Journal des Voyages de Philippe II (Gachard,

Voyages des Souverains, IV, 74).

[1173] Schäfer, III, 53, 68. Dr. Schäfer (I, 334 sqq.), with his

customary thoroughness, has traced the subsequent disposition of those

reconciled.

[1174] Decr. Sac. Cong. S^{ti} Officii, p. 161 (Bibl. del R. Archivio

di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. III).

[1175] Schäfer, I, 382; II, 361-8.

[1176] Ibidem, II, 271.

[1177] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.

[1178] Bibl. nacional, MSS., R, 29, p. 310.

[1179] Illescas, Historia Pontifical, Paulo IV, § 4.

To the Spaniards of the period all Protestants were Lutherans but,

from the relations of the Seville refugees with Geneva, it may be

assumed that these were Calvinists.

[1180] Archivo de Simancas, Consejo y Secretaria de Hacienda, Leg.

25.--This appears to be the only complete relation of the auto.

[1181] Schäfer, II, 290, 295, 311.

[1182] Inquis. Hispan. Artes detectæ, pp. 219-22.--Schäfer, II, 360.

[1183] Inquis. Hispan. Artes detectæ, p. 181.--Llorente, Hist. crít.,

cap. XXI, art. iii, n. 26.

[1184] Strype, Annals of the Reformation in England I, 228-35 (London

1709), from a MS. relation of his sufferings by Frampton. An English

translation of Erasmus's Precepts of Cato was published in 1545 and

was probably the book found in Frampton's possession. If so, the name

of Erasmus was sufficient to compromise him.

[1185] Schäfer, II, 312, 319.

[1186] Schäfer, II, 327.

[1187] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.--Schäfer, II, 331.

[1188] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 214 fol. (Cédulas en favor

de la Inquisicion).

[1189] Nueva Recop. Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 25.

[1190] Coleccion de Documentos, V, 530.

[1191] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 108, n.

3.--Schäfer, II, 81.

[1192] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 113, n. 64, fol.

20.--The little knot of Huguenots in Toledo is treated exhaustively

by Dr. Schäfer in the _Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte_, October,

1900. He reckons at about forty the number of those alluded to in the

trials, which is probably a full estimate for, as usual, they freely

denounced all whom they knew or suspected. The tribunal made short

work of them in the auto of June 17, 1565, where forty-five culprits

appeared and eleven were relaxed, though what portion of these were

Protestants is not stated.

[1193] Schäfer, II, 70.

[1194] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3.

[1195] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 16; Lib. 942, fol. 31.

[1196] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 941, fol. 5.

[1197] Eduard Böhmer in _Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte_, 1897, pp.

373 sqq.

[1198] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol.

123.

[1199] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. III.

[1200] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, Tom. XI.

[1201] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 30.

[1202] Schäfer, II, 93.

[1203] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31. That it

is mortal sin to administer sacraments in mortal sin is thoroughly

orthodox. See Alph. de Ligorio, Theol. Moral., Lib. VI, n. 32, 33.

[1204] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.

[1205] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 716.

[1206] Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.

[1207] Ed. Böhmer and A. Morel Fatio (Journal des Savants,

Juillet--Sept. 1902).--Schäfer, II, 40.

[1208] Schäfer, I, 212-27.

[1209] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1, 3.

[1210] Ibidem, fol. 13, 15.

[1211] Proceso contra Angela Pérez, post fol. 22 (MS. _penes

me_).--Matute y Luquin, Autos de fe de Córdova, p. 223.--Royal Library

of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[1212] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XI.

[1213] Ibidem, T. III.

[1214] Janer, Condicion de los Moriscos, p. 277.

[1215] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552; fol. 22.

[1216] Libro Verde de Aragon (Revista de España, CVI, 570-83).

[1217] Schäfer, II, 2.

[1218] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol.

[1219] Gachard, Don Carlos et Philippe II, I, 107.

[1220] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol.

20.

[1221] Dépêches de M. de Fourquevaux, I, 154, 163, 179, 197, 216, 218,

224, 234, 252, 291, 299, 310 (Paris, 1896).

[1222] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 38.

[1223] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 69.

[1224] Ibidem, fol. 71.

[1225] Archivo de Simancas, _loc. cit._

[1226] Ibidem, Lib. 81, fol. 27.

[1227] Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist. español, XX, 20).

[1228] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[1229] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552.

[1230] Ibidem. Lib. 876.

[1231] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.

[1232] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 3, n. 7, p. 476.

[1233] Birch, Catalogue of MSS. of the Inq. of the Canaries, I, 308-26.

[1234] Birch, _op. cit._, I, 225-30, 303.

[1235] Schäfer, I, 112; II, 45.

[1236] Hinojosa, Despachos de la Diplomacia pontificia, I, 353, 377

(Madrid, 1896).

The alum mines of Tolfa, near Civita Vecchia, were the source of

considerable revenue to the Holy See.

[1237] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Cartas del Consejo,

Leg. 5, n. 2, fol. 104.

[1238] Coleccion de Tratados de Paz; Phelipe III, P. I, pp. 161-2, 298.

[1239] La Mantia, L'Inquisizione in Sicilia, pp. 72-3.

[1240] Tratados de Paz, ubi sup., pp. 264, 354.--Archivo de Simancas,

Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 56, 57, 59.

[1241] Boronat, II, 120-22.

The Roman Inquisition prohibited conversation with heretics, save by

special licence, even for the purpose of converting them. When, in

1604, the Constable of Castile was about to depart for England as

ambassador, and he consulted the Holy See, he was told that he did not

require a dispensation to enable him to converse with them, but no

concessions could be made as to communicating with them in baptisms

and marriages. In 1617 the nuncio at Madrid asked instructions as to

his conduct towards the English ambassador, and was told to hold as

little intercourse with him as possible.--Decret. Sac. Cong. S^[ti]

Officii, pp. 156, 227, 231 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di Stato in Roma,

Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).

[1242] Tratados de Paz, _ubi sup._, p. 465.

[1243] Birch, _op. cit._, II, 1064.--MSS. of Royal Library of

Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 198-99.

[1244] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 19, fol. 239.--See Appendix.

[1245] MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.--Birch, _op. cit._, II, 1069.

[1246] Tratados de Paz, Phelipe IV, P. II, p. 226.

[1247] MSS. of Elkin N. Adler Esq.

[1248] Birch, _op. cit._, II, 563-66.

[1249] MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.

[1250] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1526, fol. 7.

[1251] Tratados de Paz, Phelipe IV, P. IV, p. 538; P. V, pp. 18, 322,

323, 324.

In 1646, a Dutch vessel, putting in to Majorca, was seized by the

inquisitor, who imprisoned the captain and crew, but the royal

officials took possession of the property in spite of inquisitorial

protests, leading to an angry contest that lasted for years, the

inquisitor refusing to obey repeated royal orders to remove the

excommunications which he had lavished, until commanded to do so,

March 18, 1649, by the Suprema. Finally, all that the tribunal

obtained of the spoils was two hundred ducats to defray the

maintenance of the prisoners,--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 38,

fol. 26, 71.

[1252] Tratados de Paz, Phelipe IV, P. IV, pp. 548, 561, 575.--De

Lamberty, Mémoires pour servir, VIII, 461 (La Haye, 1730).

[1253] MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.

[1254] Howard M. Jenkins, The Family of William Penn, pp. 10-13

(Philadelphia 1899).

[1255] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol.

413, 414.

[1256] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 201; Lib. 25, fol.

121.--MSS. of Elkan N. Adler Esq.--Soler y Guardiola, Apuntes de

Historia política y de los Tratados de Paz, pp. 163-4 (Madrid, 1895).

It is only fair to Spain to state that it was more liberal than Rome.

The decrees of the Congregation of the Inquisition are numerous

insisting that no heretic should be allowed in any Italian city,

whether for trade or for residence, but Italian commercial instinct

was too strong to permit the enforcement of these decrees in some of

the states, notably Venice, and special privileges were granted even

to some of the papal sea-ports, as Civita Vecchia and Ancona.--Decr.

Sac. Congr. S^[ti] Officii, pp. 6-8, 225 sqq, 233-4 (Bibl. del R.

Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol.

3).

[1257] Tratados de Paz, Felipe IV, P. VI, p. 274; P. VII, p. 413;

Carlos II, P. I, pp. 13, 16, 162, 180.--De Lamberty, Mémoires, VIII,

381.--Collection of all the Treaties of Great Britain, III, 180, 377

(London, 1785).

[1258] Tratados de Paz, Felipe IV, P. VII, p. 122.

[1259] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 25, fol. 238.

[1260] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 1, fol.

89, 101.

[1261] Ibidem, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 132.

[1262] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 2, fol. 222; Leg. 16, n. 6, fol. 39.

[1263] Novís. Recop. Lib VI, Tit. xi, Leyes 8, 9.

[1264] Art de Vérifier les Dates depuis l'année 1770, III, 350, 357.

[1265] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Legajos 100, 387.

[1266] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol.

243.

[1267] Ibidem, Leg. 100.

[1268] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.

[1269] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.

[1270] Ibidem, Lib. 23, fol. 46.

[1271] Archivo de Simancas Inq., Lib. 25, fol. 98.

[1272] Ibidem, Leg. 1465, fol. 81.

[1273] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31.

[1274] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 109, n. 8; Leg. 108,

n. 11, fol. 2.--MSS. of Am. Philosophical Society.

[1275] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.

[1276] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Legajos 30, 31.

Horstmann merely imitated a Jew who, about 425, similarly had himself

repeatedly baptized by rival sects, until a miracle arrested his

career at the hands of Paul, Bishop of the Novatians.--Socratis H. E.,

VII, 17.

[1277] Llorente, Añales, I, 177.

[1278] Repertor. Inquisit. s. v. _Libri._

[1279] Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen Bücher, I, 56.

[1280] Raynald. Annal., ann. 1501, n. 36.

[1281] Nueva Recop., Lib. I, Tit. vii, ley 23.

[1282] Erasmi Epistt., Lib. XXVII, Ep. 33 (Londini, 1642).

[1283] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 73, fol. 182.

[1284] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 1.

[1285] Ibidem, Lib. 76, fol. 343, 401; Lib. 77, fol. 355; Lib. 940,

fol. 2.

[1286] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).

[1287] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2; Lib 78, fol.

16.--Llorente, Añales-II, 376.

[1288] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 62.

[1289] Nueva Recop., Lib. II, Tit. iv, ley 48.

[1290] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 331,

332.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol 6, 16.

[1291] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, pp. 214,

319.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 498.--Modo de Proceder, fol. 74 (Bibl.

nacional, MSS., D, 122).--See Appendix.

This was the ordinary process, but of course the Suprema could take

the initiative, as it occasionally did, and order inquisitors to

examine books and act on the result.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib.

940, fol. 3.

[1292] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 78, fol. 291.

[1293] Ibidem, Lib. 79, fol. 164; Lib. 942, fol. 15.

[1294] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 41.

[1295] Reprinted by Reusch in his useful volume "Die Indices der

Sechszehnten Jahrhunderts."--See Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940,

fol. 2.

[1296] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 16, 17, 19; Lib. 940,

fol. 2; Lib. 79, fol. 213; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 211.

[1297] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 21; Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1298] Reusch, Der Index, I, 258.

[1299] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 79, fol. 139.

[1300] Ibidem, Lib. 942, fol. 15; Lib. 79, fol. 140, 164.

[1301] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 233.--See Appendix for the

commission of an examiner.

[1302] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 235.--_Conradi

Gesneri de Differentiis Animalium_ is prohibited in the Index of 1559

(Reusch, Die Indices, p. 219). The Index contains several clauses

prohibiting all books of divination, necromancy, invocation of demons,

etc. (Ibid., pp. 217, 226, 227, 236), but there is nothing specially

against the Cabala.

[1303] Nueva Recop., Lib. I, Tit. vii, leyes 24, 33.--(Novís. Recop.

VIII, xvi, 3; xviii, 1).--Alcubilla, Códigos antiguos españoles, p.

1580.

In 1746, the preliminary examination of MSS. for licences to print

was entrusted by the Royal Council to the Real Academia de la

Historia, a duty limited by Fernando VII to those concerning the

history of Spain and the Indies. The records of this censorship have

been printed by the Academy (Boletin, XXXV, 369-434). Each MS. was

submitted to one or more members and there were three classes of

censure--favorable, unfavorable and doubtful, the latter equivalent

to the _donec corrigatur_ of the Index, when the author had an

opportunity of revising his work and submitting it again, a process

which occasionally was repeated a third time. The censors appear to

have been for the most part lenient. In the record, extending from

1747 to 1833, the favorable reports amount to 618, the unfavorable to

149 and the doubtful to 155.

Works of belles-lettres were submitted to the Spanish Academy. Don

Manuel Serrano y Sanz has printed (Revista de Archivos, Julio-Agosto,

1906) a number of the judgements pronounced by the censors to whom

they were confided, which throw an interesting light on the critical

canons of the period. It would appear that the issue of useless books

was discouraged: as Miguel Cervera López says of one entitled _Los

desengaños de un casado_, "Finding no usefulness in this writing, I

think it should not be printed." This was only enforcing a decree of

Philip IV in 1627, ordering licences to be refused to unnecessary

works (Novís, Recop., VIII, xvi, 9).

[1304] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, de copias, fol. 100.

[1305] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Index of

Sotomayor, pp. 524-8.--Indice Ultimo, p. 240.

[1306] Catalani de Secretario Congr. Indicis, p. 31 (Rome, 1651).

The only attempt made to compile a Roman _Index Expurgatorius_ was

in 1607, by Gianmaria Guanzelli da Brisighella, Master of the Sacred

Palace. It never advanced beyond the first volume and was suppressed

in 1611. That volume consists of 599 double-columned 12mo pages and

only contains fifty-two authors, so numerous are the expurgations,

many of them as trivial as those of the Spanish censors.

[1307] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4; Lib. 942, fol. 25.

[1308] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 76; Lib. 940, fol. 5.

[1309] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 6, 7, 18.

[1310] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 941, fol. 9; Lib. 939, fol.

127; Lib. 940, fol. 16, 17.

[1311] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 8, 16.--Even Abad Neroni required

supervision. In 1598, he was ordered to report to the Suprema what was

the Bible which Fray Gerónimo de Almonacid said he possessed.--Ibid.,

fol. 12.

[1312] Ibidem, fol. 8-12, 17.

[1313] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 11, 17.

[1314] Ibidem, fol. 17, 22, 23. In 1609 there is an order to pay Fray

Diego de Arce 500 reales for his services in the junta and another to

give him a ducat a day during its existence. In 1610 Padre Juan de

Pineda is paid at the same rate and special payments of 300 ducats

apiece are made to Dr. Camargo and to Fray Ignacio de Ibero. In 1613,

Alonso Marques de Prado, Bishop of Tortosa, receives 800 ducats for

his work in the junta.--Ibid. fol. 23, 24.

[1315] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol.

234.

[1316] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 48.

[1317] Ibidem.

[1318] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol.

36.

[1319] Ibidem, Leg. 14, n. 3, fol. 164.--MSS. of Royal Library of

Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 214.

[1320] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 3, 4.

[1321] Modo de Proceder, fol. 86 (Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 122).

[1322] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 12, n. 2, fol.

44.

[1323] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol.

250.

[1324] Indice Ultimo, Regla XII (p. xxiii), Advertencia

1 (p. xxxvi).

[1325] In my copy of the _Historia pontifical_ of Abbot Illescas,

two folio leaves are thus torn out to get rid of a chapter on Pope

Joan, which had passed the repeated censorship that had suppressed

two previous editions of the book. The pages thus removed contain two

whole chapters and parts of two others.

I owe to the late General Don Riva Palacio a copy of the portrait of

Palafox, _borrado_ as described in the text.

[1326] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4, 12, 14.

[1327] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 214.

[1328] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 18.

[1329] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 32, fol. 666.

In the Indexes, books were divided into three classes. The first

consisted of condemned authors, all of whose works were prohibited;

the second of books by known authors, requiring expurgation; the

third, of unknown authors, either prohibited or requiring expurgation.

This was the theory, but negligently observed in practice.

[1330] Ibidem, fol. 668.

[1331] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 21, fol. 303.

[1332] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 374; Leg. 1, n.

4, fol. 234.--See Appendix for a commission of _Revisor de Libros_.

[1333] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol.

251.

[1334] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 559.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1335] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol.

405.

[1336] Ibidem, Leg. 374.

[1337] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1338] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 290, 293.

[1339] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XLIII, Art. ii, n. 5; Art. v, n. 1.

[1340] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1341] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 13.

[1342] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 2.

[1343] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 228.

[1344] Schäfer, Beiträge, II, 359.

[1345] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 11, 19.--Archivo

hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 71.

[1346] Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 147, 162 (MS. of Am. Philos.

Society).

[1347] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol. 63.

[1348] Lib. XIII de Cartas, fol. 29 (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).

[1349] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 23.

[1350] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 374.

[1351] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de

Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 23.

[1352] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 240.

[1353] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 47.

[1354] Alcubilla, Códigos antiguos españoles, pp. 1582-86.

[1355] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol.

163.

[1356] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 9, fol.

1; Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 145.--Instruccion para los Revisores, Toledo,

1805.

[1357] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol.

58.

[1358] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol.

193.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 50.

[1359] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 26, fol. 37; Lib. 43, fol. 315;

Legajo 1526, fol. 2.

[1360] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 31, fol. 118.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2 fol. 193.

[1361] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fol. 79.

[1362] Ibidem, Inq., Lib. 29, fol. 494.--Portocarrero, Sobre la

Competencia, n. 81.

[1363] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 34, fol. 286-97.

[1364] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 24, fol. 13.

[1365] Ibidem, Lib. 80, fol. 1.

[1366] Ibidem, Lib. 25, fol. 116-17; Lib. 43, fol. 131, 201, 297.

[1367] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 120; Leg. 1526, fol. 7.

[1368] Ibidem, Leg. 1526, fol. 2, 7, 17; Lib. 45, fol. 151; Lib. 38,

fol. 78.

[1369] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 68, 120.

[1370] Ibidem, Lib. 25, fol. 1, 52, 82; Lib. 43, fol. 142, 174, 187;

Leg. 1526, fol. 6.

[1371] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 174, 187; Leg. 1526,

fol. 4.

[1372] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 201; Lib. 25, fol. 129.

[1373] Ibidem, Lib. 43. fol. 201, 235, 270; Leg. 1526, fol. 36.

[1374] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1526, fol. 17.

[1375] Ibidem, Lib. 43, fol. 283, 297, 315, 319, 325; Lib. 26, fol. 33.

[1376] Ibidem, Leg. 1473.

[1377] Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 50, 132.

[1378] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol.

193.

[1379] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol. 243.

[1380] Coleccion de Decretos de las Córtes, IV, 17 (Madrid, 1820).

[1381] Archivo de Simancas, Lib. 559; Leg. 1473.

[1382] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 15; Lib. 79,

fol. 17, 164.--Cf. Pegnæ Comment. iii in Eymerici Director. P.

II.

[1383] Septimi Decretal, Lib. V, Tit. iv, cap. 2.

[1384] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 231.--See

Appendix.

[1385] Reusch, Die Indices, p. 212.

[1386] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).

[1387] Literæ Apostolicæ Soc. Jesu, pp. 137-41 (Antverpiæ,

1635).--Bibl. Vaticana, MSS. Ottobon. Lat. 494, p. 8.--Archivo de

Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 15, 16, 17, 13.

[1388] Alberghini, Manuale Qualificatorum, p. 132.

[1389] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 382-3.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq.,

Lib. 939, fol. 127.

[1390] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 10, 11; Lib. 21, fol.

303.

[1391] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 18.

[1392] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 332.

[1393] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2} (Lib. 10).--Index of

Zapata, _ad calcem_.--Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol.

12.--Bullar. Roman. V, 220.

[1394] Archivo de Alcalá, _ubi sup._

[1395] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol.

36.

[1396] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XII, Art. ii, n. 12, 13.

[1397] Edicto de 13 de Henero de 1747 (MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.).

[1398] Birch, Catalogue of MSS. of Inq. of Canaries, II, 940-1.

[1399] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, 7, 8;

Leg. 17, n. 4, _passim._--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.

[1400] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 214.--Archivo

de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 23.

[1401] Reusch, Die Indices, p. 211.

[1402] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol.

226.

[1403] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 177.

[1404] Ibidem, Lib. 877, fol. 96.

[1405] Ibidem, Lib. 565, fol. 394.

[1406] Ibidem, Lib. 877, fol. 239.

[1407] Ibidem, Lib. 890.

[1408] These are records of autos. In the Catalogue of Toledo cases

prepared by Don Miguel Gómez del Campillo (see Appendix) there are

thirty-four attributed to prohibited books. Of these, five are

anterior to 1575; then there are none until 1771, followed by six

between that year and 1794, but none of them seem to have been pushed

to a conclusion except one which was suspended.

[1409] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[1410] Innocent. PP. III, Regest. II, 141, 142, 235.--Lib. IV,

Extra, vii, 12.--Constitutions de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. i, cap.

12.--Martene et Durand Amplis. Collect., VII, 123.--Concil. Tolosan.,

ann. 1229, Cap. 14 (Harduin., VII, 178).--Repertor. Inquisitor, S. V.

_Scriptura_.

[1411] Villanueva, De la Leccion de la Sagrada Escritura, p. 8;

Append. II, pp. cxxxii sqq. (Valencia, 1791).

[1412] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 126.--See

Appendix.

[1413] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 74, 76.--The Tridentine Index (Regula

4) while asserting that experience had shown that the indiscriminate

popular use of the Bible wrought more harm than good, yet permits

bishops and inquisitors to allow vernacular versions to those whom

parish priests and confessors recommend as trustworthy.

[1414] Reusch, _op. cit._, pp. 234-5.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib.

82, fol. 149; Lib. 940, fol. 5.

[1415] Reusch, p. 383.

[1416] Azpilcuetæ de Oratione, Cap. xxii, n. 104.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 226.

[1417] Indice de 1640, Regla 5.--See Appendix to Vol. II, p. 588. Also

the later Edict, printed by Llorente in the Appendix to his Hist. crít.

[1418] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V fol. 141.

[1419] Edicto de 13 de Henero, 1747 (_ubi sup._).--Villanueva, _op.

cit._, pp. 56, 200.

[1420] Bullar. Roman., VIII, 420.--Index Benedicti XIV, p. vi.

[1421] Villanueva, _op. cit._, Prologo.

[1422] Villanueva, p. 95.--Indice Ultimo, p. xvii.

[1423] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol.

61.

For a relaxation of severity as early as 1763 see Archivo de Simancas,

Lib. 877, fol. 96.

[1424] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 18.

[1425] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 237, 380, 438.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 170-1.

[1426] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 940, fol. 4, 15; Lib. 941, fol.

4.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2.

[1427] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 323.

[1428] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fol. 64.

[1429] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. A, Subt. 13.--Archivo

hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.

[1430] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.

[1431] Llorente, Coleccion Diplomática, p. 10 (Madrid, 1809).--Reusch,

Der Index, I, 303.

[1432] Nic. Antonii Bibl. Nova, I. 589.--Hinojosa, Despachos de la

Diplomacia Pontificia, I, 352-3, 373.--Baronii Annal., ann. 447, n.

8.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 30, n. 14.

Baronius, in his eleventh volume, which appeared in 1605, included

a Tractate on the Investiture of Naples, peculiarly offensive to

Spanish pretensions. After the death of Clement VIII (March 3, 1605)

he had aspirations for the succession, but Spain exercised her right

of exclusion to his discomfiture. Philip III, by edict of October 3,

1610, prohibited the Annals with the Tractate under severe penalties

for those who should not, within twenty days, present their copies for

expurgation.--Reusch, Der Index, II, 277-80.

This was a royal, not an inquisitorial act. The Annals escaped the

Spanish Index.

[1433] Vicente de la Fuente, Hist. eccles. de España, III, 269 (Ed.

1855).

[1434] Alcubilla, Códigos antiguos, p. 1591.--Llorente, Coleccion

Diplomática, p. 22.--Librorum post Indicem Clementis VIII prohib.

Decreta, pp. 165-66 (Romæ, 1632).--Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. xxv, n.

119.

[1435] Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fol. 73.

[1436] Ibidem, Inq., Lib. 20, fol. 255.

My copy of the _Tractatus_ illustrates a method of satisfying the

conscience in possessing prohibited books, at least in Italy. It is

of the fourth edition, Lyons, 1669, and a former owner, the Dottore

Benedetto Gargdoni, has written on the fly-leaf, over his name, "Animo

obtinendi licentiam."

[1437] Catalani de Secretario Congr. Indicis, pp. 41, 52, 63.--Archivo

de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 20, fol. 255.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de

Valencia, Leg. 8, n. 20, fol. 260.

[1438] Dialogo di Galileo Galilei Linceo....Dove ne i congressi di

quattro giornate si discorre sopra i due massimi Sistemi del Mundo,

Tolemaico e Copernicano Fiorenza, 1632.

[1439] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 20, fol. 255.

[1440] Llorente, Coleccion Diplomática, p. 23.

[1441] Index Innocentii XI, 1681, pp. 105,155.--Index Alexandri VII,

Decretorum Index, n. 51.--Reusch, Der Index, II, 373-5.

[1442] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 66, n. 25.

[1443] Autos Acordados, Lib. I, Tit. vii, Auto 14.--Novís. Recop.

VIII, xviii, 2.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol 66.

[1444] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 26, fol. 121.

[1445] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 331.

[1446] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 21, fol. 108.

[1447] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XXVI, Art. iii, n.

37, 40.

[1448] Autos Acordados, Lib. I, Tit. vii, Auto 21.

[1449] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1465, fol. 45.--Ferrer del Rio,

Historia de Carlos III, I, 394-5, 398.--Archivo de Alcalá, Estado,

Leg. 2843.

[1450] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XXV, Art. 1, n.

14-15.--Novís. Recop., II, iv, 11; VIII,

xviii, 3.

[1451] Archivo de Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843.--Llorente, Hist. crít.,

Cap. VIII, Art. V, n. 7, 8.

[1452] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol.

23.

[1453] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 323.

[1454] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.

[1455] Ibidem, Lib. 940, fol. 10, 17, 20.

[1456] Cabrera, Relaciones, pp. 285, 291. The nuncio in Madrid claimed

that the Venetian ambassador was under excommunication, causing some

troublesome complications in the ceremonial of the court.--Ibidem, pp.

282, 295.

[1457] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 21, fol. 254.--Archivo hist.

nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 77, 78, 81.

[1458] Llorente, Hist. crít., Cap. XXV, Art. 1, n.

3.--MSS. of David Fergusson Esqr.

[1459] Novís. Recop., VIII, xviii, 11-14.--Alcubilla,

pp. 1593-4.

[1460] Coleccion de los Decretos etc., III, 217 (Madrid, 1820).

[1461] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.--Walton's Translation of

Puigblanch's "Inquisition Unmasked," Vol. I, pp. xxxvi-lxvi (London,

1816).

[1462] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.

[1463] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 249, 533.

[1464] Ticknor's Spanish Literature, I, 235-44.--Index of 1640, p.

948.--Indice Ultimo, p. 40.

[1465] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 81, fol. 27.

[1466] Ibidem, Lib. 82, fol. 1; Lib. 940, fol. 5.

[1467] Reusch, Die Indices, p. 385.

[1468] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol.

313.

[1469] Ibidem, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 46, 50.

[1470] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Varios, Leg. 392.

n. 26; Leg. 390; Leg. 47.--Yriarte, Goya, sa Biographie etc., p. 105

(Paris, 1867).--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890, Lib. 435^{2}.

[1471] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Varios, Leg. 392, n.

15.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 435^{2}.

[1472] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol.

324; Leg. 100.