_Oxytelus rugosus_, &c.
15. UNEQUAL (_Inæqualis_). Having very slight and indeterminate
excavations.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Silpha thoracica_, _Cerambyx
moschatus_, &c.
16. LACUNOSE (_Lacunosa_). Having a few scattered, irregular,
broadish but shallow excavations.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Donacia
vittata_, _Sagittariæ_, &c.
17. RIMOSE (_Rimosa_). Chinky, resembling the bark of a tree.
Having numerous minute, narrow and nearly parallel
excavations, which run into each other.--Ex. _Elytra_ of
_Colymbetes adspersus_ ♀, and _Cybister Rœselii_.
18. UNDOSE (_Undosa_). Having undulating nearly parallel broader
depressions which run into each other, and resemble the sand
of the sea-shore when left by the tide.--Ex. _Cymatodes_[1086]
_undosus_ K. MS.
19. VERMICULATE (_Vermiculata_). Having tortuous excavations as if
eaten by worms.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Colymbetes Hybneri_ and
_transversalis_.
20. RETICULOSE (_Reticulosa_). Having a number of minute impressed
lines which intersect each other in various directions like the
meshes of a net.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Cybister Rœselii_.
21. ACUDUCTED (_Acuducta_). Scratched across very finely as if with
the point of a needle or pin.--Ex. _Colymbetes acuductus_.
22. STRIATE (_Striata_). Having rather _slightly_ impressed
longitudinal parallel lines.--Ex. _Amara communis_, &c.
23. SULCATE (_Sulcata_). Having _deeper_ impressed longitudinal
parallel lines.--Ex. _Dytiscus marginalis_ ♀.
24. CLATHROSE (_Clathrosa_). When strias or furrows cross each
other at right angles.--Ex. _Abdomen_ of _Micropeplus
porcatus_.
25. RIVOSE (_Rivosa_). When furrows do not run in a parallel
direction and are rather sinuate.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of
_Elophorus stagnalis_, &c.
26. INTERSTICE (_Interstitium_). The space between elevations and
depressions running in lines.
27. INTERVAL (_Intervallum_). The space between irregular and
scattered elevations and depressions.
28. COMPLANATE (_Complanata_). A convex or irregular surface having
a plane slight depression.--Ex. _Sides_ of the _Prothorax_ of
_Prionus cervicornis_.
29. CANALICULATE (_Canaliculata_). Having a longitudinal impressed
line or channel.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Geotrupes_, _Broscus
cephalotes_, &c.
30. CARINATE (_Carinata_). Having a longitudinal elevated
line.--Ex. _Rostrum_ of _Curculio nebulosus_. _Bicarinate_,
_Tricarinate_, &c., having _two_ or _three_ such lines.--Ex.
_Elytra_ of _Silpha recta_.
31. CRISTATE (_Cristata_). Having one or two very elevated lines
usually crenate.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Pterophylla laurifolia_.
32. PORCATE (_Porcata_). Having several parallel elevated
longitudinal ridges.--Ex. _Onthophilus striatus_.
33. COSTATE (_Costata_). Having several broad elevated lines.--Ex.
_Brachinus bimaculatus_, &c.
34. CLATHRATE (_Clathrata_). Having several elevated lines
which cross each other at right angles.--Ex. _Abdomen_ of
_Micropeplus porcatus_.
35. RETICULATE (_Reticulata_). Having many small elevated lines
which intersect each other in various directions like the
meshes of a net.--Ex. _Lycus reticulatus_. _Wings_ of the
_Libellulina_.
36. RUGOSE (_Rugosa_). Wrinkled. Intricate with approximating
elevations and depressions whose direction is
indeterminate.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Prionus coriarius_.
37. CICATRICOSE (_Cicatricosa_). Having elevated spots of a
different colour from the rest of the surface, resembling
_scars_.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Ptomaphila lachrymosa_ K. MS[1087].
38. EMBOSSED (_Cælata_). Having several plane tracts of a different
shape higher than the rest of the surface.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of
_Prionus damicornis_, _maxillosus_, &c.
39. GIBBOSE (_Gibbosa_). Having one or more large elevations.--Ex.
_Sides_ of the _Prothorax_ of _Brachycerus barbarus_.
40. TUBERCLE (_Tuberculum_). A pimple-like knob.
41. _Tuberculate_ (_Tuberculata_). Having several tubercles.--Ex.
_Apoderus gemmatus_. _Base_ of _Prothorax_ of _Cerambyx
moschatus_.
42. VERRUCA. A small flattish wart-like prominence.
43. VERRUCOSE (_Verrucosa_). Having several _verrucæ_.--Ex.
_Pimelia muricata_.
44. MURICATE (_Muricata_). Armed with sharp thick, but not close,
elevated points like a _Murex_.--Ex. _Bronchus Tribulus_,
_quadridens_[1088], &c.
45. ECHINATE (_Echinata_). Armed with sharp spines like a hedgehog
or _Echinus_.--Ex. _Hispa atra_.
46. RUGGED (_Salebrosa_). When a surface is rough with mucros,
spines and tubercles intermixed.--Ex. Numerous species of
_Bronchus_.
47. GRANULE (_Granulum_). A very minute elevation.
48. GRANULATE (_Granulata_). Beset with many granules like
_shagreen_.--Ex. _Otiorhynchus sulcatus_. _Prothorax_ of
_Copris Molossus_.
49. SCABROUS (_Scabra_). Rough to the touch from granules scarcely
visible.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Otiorhynchus Ligustici_.
50. PAPILLULE (_Papillula_). A tubercle or variole with an
elevation in its centre.
51. PAPILLULATE (_Papillulata_). Beset with many papillules.--Ex.
_Elytra_ of _Dynastes Hercules_ ♀.
52. CATENULATE (_Catenulata_). Having a series of elevated oblong
tubercles resembling a _chain_.--Ex. _Carabus catenulatus_.
53. SPHERULATE (_Sphærulata_). Having one or more rows of minute
tubercles.--Ex. _Trox lutosus_, _Limnius tuberculatus_.
54. CONSUTE (_Consuta_). Having very minute elevations in a
series at some distance from each other, of a different
colour from the rest of the surface, and somewhat resembling
_stitching_.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Oryctes Sylvanus_ (_Cœlosis_ K.
MS.).
55. INTRICATE (_Intricata_). When depressions or elevations so run
into each other as to be difficult to trace.--Ex. _Elytra_ of
_Carabus intricatus_.
56. CORRUGATE (_Corrugata_). When a surface rises and falls
in parallel angles more or less acute.--Ex. _Front_ of
_Nothiophilus aquaticus_.
57. OBLITERATE (_Obliterata_). Applied to impressions and
elevations when almost effaced. #/
iv. CLOTHING.
a. GENERAL.
1. SCUTATE (_Scutata_). Covered with large flat scales.--Ex.
_Machilis polypoda_.
2. SQUAMOSE (_Squamosa_). Covered with minute scales.--Ex.
_Lepidoptera_.
3. PULVERULENT (_Pulverulenta_). Covered with very minute
powder-like scales.--Ex. _Ceutorhynchus Sisymbrii_.
4. POLLINOSE (_Pollinosa_). Covered with a loose mealy and often
yellow powder resembling the _pollen_ of flowers.--Ex. _Lixus
paraplecticus_.
5. FARINOSE (_Farinosa_). Covered with a fixed mealy powder
resembling _flour_.--Ex. _Spots_ on the _Elytra_ of _Cetonia
aurata_, _variegata_, &c.
6. LUTOSE (_Lutosa_). Covered with a powdery substance resembling
_mud_ or dirt, which _easily rubs off_.--Ex. _Trox lutosus_.
7. RORULENT (_Rorulenta_). Covered like a plum with a bloom which
may be rubbed off.--Ex. _Peltis limbata_.
8. STUPEOUS (_Stupea_). Covered with long loose scales resembling
_tow_.--Ex. The _Palpi_ of _Lepidoptera_. _Antennæ_ of some
_Diptera_. PLATE XII. FIG. 23.
9. PILOSE (_Pilosa_). Covered with long distinct flexible
hairs.--Ex. _Thorax_ of _Vespa Crabro_.
10. VILLOSE (_Villosa_). Covered with soft flexible hairs thickly
set.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Amphimalla solstitialis_.
11. LANATE (_Lanata_). Covered with fine, very long, flexible and
rather curling hairs like _wool_.--Ex. _Melolontha lanigera_ F.
12. LANUGINOSE (_Lanuginosa_). Covered with longish very soft fine
down.--Ex. _Prothorax_ of _Trichius fasciatus_. _Thorax_ and
_base_ of the _Abdomen_ of _Megachile circumcincta_ (_Apis_ **.
c. 2. α K.).
13. HIRSUTE (_Hirsuta_). Covered with long stiffish hairs very
thickly set.--Ex. _Bombus_.
14. PLUMULOSE (_Plumulosa_). When the hairs branch out laterally
like feathers.--Ex. _Hair_ on the _base_ of the _Maxilla_ of
_Eucera_ (_Apis_ ** d. 1. K.).
15. HAIRY (_Hirta_). Covered with short stiffish sub-distinct
hairs.--Ex. Genus _Lagria_.
16. TOMENTOSE (_Tomentosa_). Covered with short interwoven
inconspicuous hairs.--Ex. _Acanthocinus Ædilis_.
17. PUBESCENT (_Pubescens_). Covered with very fine decumbent short
hairs.--Ex. _Harpalus ruficornis_, &c.
18. STUPULOSE (_Stupulosa_). Covered with coarse decumbent
hairs.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Melolontha vulgaris_.
19. VELUTINOUS (_Velutina_). Covered with very thick-set upright
short hairs or pile, resembling _velvet_.--Ex. _Trombidium
holosericeum_. _Scutellum_ of _Staphylinus hybridus_.
20. HOLOSERICEOUS (_Holosericea_). Covered with thick-set shining
short decumbent hairs, resembling _satin_[1089].--Ex. _Under
side_ of the body of _Elophorus stagnalis_, _Argyroneta
aquatica_, &c.
21. SETOSE (_Setosa_). Bristly. Sprinkled with stiff scattered
hairs like bristles.--Ex. _Echinomyia grossa_.
22. SETULOSE (_Setulosa_). Setose with the bristles truncated.--Ex.
_Thylacites setosus_.
23. HISPID (_Hispida_). Rough from minute spines, or very stiff
rigid bristles.--Ex. _Hispa atra._ _Phoberus horridus_, &c.
24. ROUGH (_Aspera_). Rough from pubescence in general.
25. BALD (_Calva_). A part of a surface with little or no hair,
when the rest of it is very hairy.--Ex. _Vertex_ of _Melitta_
and _Apis_ Kirby.
26. GLABROUS (_Glabra_). Without any hair or pubescence.
27. LUBRICOUS (_Lubrica_). Slippery as if lubricated.--Ex.
_Dynastes Centaurus_.
b. PARTIAL.
1. CIRRUS (_Cirrus_). A lock of curling hair.
2. CIRROSE (_Cirrosa_). Having one or more _cirri_.--Ex. _Antennæ_
of _Acanthocinus araneiformis_.
3. FASCICULE (_Fasciculus_). A bundle of thick-set hairs often
converging at the apex. PLATE XIX. FIG. 6. _c._
4. FASCICULATE (_Fasciculata_). Having one or more
fascicules.--Ex. Catenulated lines in the _Elytra_ of _Trox
arenosus_. _Buprestis fascicularis_.
5. PENICIL (_Penicillus_). A small bundle of diverging hairs.
PLATE XIX. FIG. 6. _a._
6. PENICILLATE (_Penicillata_). Having one or more penicils.--Ex.
_Larva_ of _Orgyia antiqua_.
7. VERRICULE (_Verriculum_). A thick-set tuft of parallel hairs.
PLATE XIX. FIG. 6. _b._
8. VERRICULATE (_Verriculata_). Having one or more
verricules.--Ex. _Larva_ of _Dasychira pudibunda_. _Under side_
of _Abdomen_ of _Megachile_ ♀. (_Apis_ **. c. 2. α. K.).
9. BARBATE (_Barbata_). When any part is clothed with longer
hairs, resembling a _beard_.--Ex. _Anus_ of _Macroglossa
stellatarum_. _Antennæ_ of _Cerambyx Ammiralis_ L. PLATE XII.
FIG. 26.
10. CILIATE (_Ciliata_). When the margin is fringed with a row of
_parallel_ hairs.--Ex. The _base_ and _apex_ of the _Prothorax_
of _Lucanus Cervus_.
11. FIMBRIATE (_Fimbriata_). When a part is terminated by hairs
or bristles that are not parallel.--Ex. _Anus_ of many
_Andrenæ_[1090]. (_Melitta_ **. c. K.).
12. COMATE (_Comata_). When very long flexible hairs thickly cover
a space in the upper surface.
13. CRINITE (_Crinita_). When very long hairs thinly cover any
space.
14. JUBATE (_Jubata_). Having long pendent hairs in a continued
series.--Ex. _Intermediate Legs_ of _Anthophora pilipes_
(_Apis_ **. d. 2. α. K.).
15. FURRED (_Pellita_). When shorter decumbent hairs thickly cover
any space, as in the _Bombyces dorso cristato_ L.
v. COLOUR.
1. NIVEOUS (_Niveus_). The pure unblended white of snow.--Ex.
_Arctia chrysorhea_.
2. WHITE (_Albus_). White less intense than niveous. The colour of
_chalk_.--Ex. _Spilosoma mendica_ ♀.
3. LACTEOUS (_Lacteus_). White with a slight tint of blue. The
colour of _milk_.--Ex. _Minoa lactearia_.
4. CREAM-COLOURED (_Lactifloreus_). White with a proportion of
yellow.--Ex. Pale part of the _Primary wings_ of _Euprepia
Caja_.
5. FLESH-COLOURED (_Carneus_). White tinted with red. The colour
of young and healthy _flesh_.--Ex. _Secondary wings_ of _Sphinx
Ligustri_.
6. HOARY (_Incanus_). White with a small proportion of black. The
colour of a _gray head_. N.B. _This term is usually confined
to_ pubescence.--Ex. _Curculio sulcirostris_.
7. CINEREOUS (_Cinereus_). White with a shade of brown.--Ex.
_Sitona diffinis_, _Dasychira pudibunda_.
8. GRISEOUS (_Griseus_). White mottled with black or brown.--Ex.
_Curculio nebulosus_.
9. YELLOW (_Flavus_). Pure yellow.--Ex. _Bands_ on the _Abdomen_
of _Nomada_ (_Apis_ *. b. K.), _Crabro_, &c.
10. STRAW-COLOURED (_Stramineus_). Pale yellow with a very faint
tint of blue.--Ex. _Ennomos cratægata_.
11. SULPHUREOUS (_Sulphureus_). Yellow with a tint of green. The
colour of _brimstone_.--Ex. _Gonepteryx Rhamni_ ♂.
12. LUTEOUS (_Luteus_). Deep yellow with a tint of red. The colour
of the _yolk_ of an _egg_.--Ex. _Primary wings_ of _Colias
Edusa_.
13. ORANGE (_Aurantius_). Equal parts of red and yellow.--Ex.
_Apex_ of _Wings_ of _Pontia Cardamines_.
14. SAFFRON-COLOURED (_Croceus_). The colour of _saffron_.--Ex.
Yellow in the _Elytra_ of _Trichius fasciatus_.
15. MINIATOUS (_Miniatus_). The colour of _red lead_.--Ex.
_Secondary wings_ of _Euprepia Caja_.
16. FULGID (_Fulgidus_). A bright fiery red.--Ex. _Lycæna
Virgaureæ_ and _Hippothoe_.
17. RUFOUS (_Rufus_). A pale red.--Ex. _Apion frumentarium_.
18. TESTACEOUS (_Testaceus_). The colour of a _tile_, a dull
red.--Ex. _Chrysomela Populi_.
19. SCARLET (_Coccineus_). A bright pale red.--Ex. _Elytra_ of
_Pyrochroa coccinea_.
20. RED (_Ruber_). Pure red.--Ex. _Under Wings_ of _Hypercampa
Dominula_.
21. SANGUINEOUS (_Sanguineus_). Red with a tint of black. The
colour of _blood_.--Ex. _Spots_ in _Chilocorus Cacti_, and
_Prothorax_ of _Locusta morbillosa_.
22. ROSE-COLOURED (_Roseus_). Colour of the _rose_.--Ex. _Parts_ of
the _Wings_ and _Body_ of _Deilephila Elpenor_.
23. CRIMSON (_Puniceus_). A bright red with a tint of blue.--Ex.
_Base_ of the _Under Wings_ of _Catocala Sponsa_.
24. PURPLE (_Purpureus_). Equal parts of blue and red.--Ex. _Sagra
purpurea_. _Vitta_ on the _Elytra_ of _Donacia fasciata_.
25. VIOLET (_Violaceus_). Blue with some red. The colour of _Viola
odorata_.--Ex. _Chrysomela Goettingensis_, _Abdomen_ of
_Geotrupes vernalis_.
26. LILAC (_Lilacinus_). Colour of the flowers of the lilac.--Ex.
Part of the _Iris_ of the _Ocellus_, in the _Wings_ of _Vanessa
Io_.
27. BLUE (_Cyaneus_). Pure blue. Colour of _Centaurea Cyanus_.--Ex.
_Disk_ of the _Wings_ of _Papilio Ulysses_. _Callidium
violaceum._
28. AZURE (_Azureus_). A paler and more brilliant blue.--Ex.
_Wings_ of _Morpho Menelaus_, _Telemachus_, &c.
29. SKY-BLUE (_Cæruleus_). A paler blue. The colour of the
_sky_.--Ex. _Polyommatus Adonis_.
30. CÆSIOUS (_Cæsius_). Very pale blue with a little black. The
colour of _blue eyes_.--Ex. _Under side_ of the _Wings_ of
_Polyommatus Argiolus_.
31. GREEN (_Viridis_). Equal parts of blue and yellow.--Ex.
_Cicindela campestris_.
32. ÆRUGINOUS (_Æruginosus_). Green with a blue tint. The colour of
the _rust of copper_, _verdigris_.--Ex. _Polydrosus Cnides_.
33. PRASINOUS (_Prasinus_). Green with a mixture of yellow. The
colour of the leaves of _leeks_ or _onions_.--Ex. _Pentatoma
prasina_. _Under side_ of _Wings_ of _Thecla Rubi_.
34. GLAUCOUS (_Glaucus_). Pale blueish green. Sea green.--Ex.
_Elytra_ of _Dynastes Hercules_, _Alcides_, _Tityus_, &c.
35. MOUSE-COLOURED (_Murinus_). Black with a small proportion of
yellow. The colour of the common _mouse_.--Ex. _Base_ of the
_abdominal segments_ of _Cossus ligniperda_.
36. LURID (_Luridus_). Yellow with some mixture of brown. Dirty
yellow.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Aphodius luridus_ and _nigrosulcatus_.
37. LIVID (_Lividus_). A pale purplish brown. The colour of a
_bruise_.--Ex. _Berosus luridus_.
38. TAWNY (_Fulvus_). A pale dirty orange.--Ex. The _pale_ parts of
the _Wings_ of _Hipparchia Pamphilus_.
39. FAWN-COLOURED (_Cervinus_). A reddish brown.--Ex. _Lasiocampa
Rubi_.
40. OLIVE (_Olivaceus_). A brownish green. The colour of
_olives_.--Ex. _Dytiscus marginalis_.
41. FUSCOUS (_Fuscus_). A dull brown.--Ex. _Hipparchia Semele_.
_Prionus scabricornis_.
42. FERRUGINOUS (_Ferrugineus_). A yellowish brown with some red.
The colour of the _rust of iron_.--Ex. _Base_ of _Under Wings_
of _Smerinthus Populi_. _Gastropacha quercifolia_.
43. CINNAMON-COLOURED (_Cinnamomeus_). A yellowish brown. The
colour of _cinnamon_.--Ex. _Prionus cinnamomeus_.
44. BROWN (_Brunneus_). Pure brown.--Ex. _Dark_ parts in the
_Primary Wings_ of _Euprepia Caja_.
45. BAY (_Badius_). Bright red brown of the _chestnut_.--Ex.
_Elytra_ of _Melolontha vulgaris_ when the hairs are rubbed off.
46. CHESTNUT (_Castaneus_). Colour of the _dark_ part of the
chestnut.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Lucanus Cervus_.
47. PICEOUS (_Piceus_). Shining reddish black. The colour of
_pitch_.--Ex. _Prionus coriarius_.
48. FULIGINOUS (_Fuliginosus_). The opaque black of _soot_.--Ex.
_Wings_ of _Lithosia rubricollis_.
49. BLACK (_Niger_). A dull black with some brown.--Ex.
_Pachygaster niger_.
50. ATROUS (_Ater_). Pure black of the deepest tint.--Ex. _Liparus
anglicanus_.
vi. SPLENDOUR.
a. GEMMEOUS.
1. MARGARITACEOUS (_Margaritaceus_). Glossy, white with changeable
tints of purple, green, and blue. The splendour of
_pearls_.--Ex. The _drums_ in _Cicada capensis_.
2. OPALINE (_Opalinus_). A blueish white reflecting the prismatic
colours. The splendour of the _opal_.--Ex. _Wings_ of
_Notonecta glauca_ and some _Nepæ_.
3. CRYSTALLINE (_Crystallinus_). The white splendour of _crystal_
or glass.--Ex. _Stemmata_ of many _Hymenoptera_, &c.
4. TOPAZINE (_Topazinus_). The yellow splendour of the
_topaz_.--Ex. Many _Stemmata_ of _Hymenoptera_, and _Eyes_ of
_Spiders_.
5. RUBINEOUS (_Rubineus_). The red splendour of the _ruby_.
6. SMARAGDINE (_Smaragdinus_). The green splendour of the
_emerald_.
7. AMETHYSTINE (_Amethystinus_). The purple splendour of the
_amethyst_.
b. METALLIC.
1. ARGENT (_Argenteus_). The splendour of _silver_.--Ex. The
_spots_ on the _under side_ of the _Wings_ in _Argynnis
Lathonia_, &c.
2. GOLDEN (_Aureus_). The splendour of _gold_.--Ex. _Entimus
imperialis_. _Spot_ in the _Wings_ of _Plusia Festucæ_.
3. ORICHALCEOUS (_Orichalceus_). A splendour intermediate between
that of _gold_ and _brass_.--Ex. _Upper Wings_ of _Plusia
Chrysitis_.
4. ÆNEOUS (_Æneus_). The splendour of _brass_.--Ex. _Elytra_ of
_Carabus clathratus_.
5. CUPREOUS (_Cupreus_). The reddening splendour of _copper_.--Ex.
_Carabus nitens_.
6. CHALYBEOUS (_Chalybeus_). The blue splendour of _steel_
case-hardened, or of the mainspring of a watch.--Ex. _Helops
chalybeus_. _Legs_ of _Lithosia Quadra_.
7. PLUMBEOUS (_Plumbeus_). The colour of _lead_.--Ex. _Prothorax_
of _Clytra dentata_?
8. INAURATE (_Inauratus_). When striæ or other _impressed_ parts
have a metallic splendour.--Ex. _Margin_ of _Prothorax_ and
_Elytra_ of _Carabus violaceus_. _Striæ_ of _Elytra_ &c. of
_Phanæus Mimas_.
9. DEAURATE (_Deauratus_). A metallic hue which looks as if the
gilding was worn off.--Ex. _Donacia ænea_, &c.
c. BOMBYCINE.
1. SERICEOUS (_Sericeus_). The splendour of _silk_.--Ex.
_Cryptocephalus sericeus_.
2. TRAMOSERICEOUS (_Tramosericeus_). The splendour of
_satin_.--Ex. _Chlamys Bacca_, _monstrosa_, &c.
d. REFLECTED.
1. RESPLENDENT (_Splendens_). Reflecting the light intensely.--Ex.
The _Head_ and _Thorax_ of _Philonthus splendens_, _æneus_,
_politus_, &c.
2. SHINING (_Nitidus_). Reflecting the light, but less
intensely.--Ex. _Dytiscus marginalis_.
3. PRUINOSE (_Pruinosus_). When the splendour of the surface is
somewhat obscured by the appearance of a bloom upon it like
that of a plum, but which _cannot be rubbed off_[1091].--Ex.
_Elytra_ of _Serica ruricola_ and _brunnea_.
4. OBSCURE (_Obscurus_). A surface which reflects the light but
little.--Ex. _Pælobius Hermanni_.
5, OPAQUE (_Opacus_). A surface which does not reflect the light
at all.--Ex. _Trox sabulosus_, _arenarius_. _Silpha opaca_.
vii. TRANSPARENCE.
1. HYALINE (_Hyalina_). The clear transparency of glass.--Ex. The
_Wings_ of many _Neuroptera_, _Hymenoptera_, and _Diptera_.
2. DIAPHANOUS (_Diaphana_). Transparent, but less purely than
hyaline. Semitransparent.--Ex. The _Wings_ of many _Coleoptera_.
3. ADIAPHANOUS (_Adiaphana_). Which does not transmit the light at
all.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Coleoptera_.
viii. PAINTING.
1. ATOM (_Atomus_). A very minute dot.
2. IRRORATE (_Irrorata_). Sprinkled with atoms, as the earth with
dew.--Ex. _Onthophagus Vacca_. _Papilio Paris._
3. GUTTA (_Gutta_[1092]). A roundish dot intermediate in size
between an _atom_ and a _macula_.
4. GUTTATE (_Guttata_). Sprinkled with _guttæ_.--Ex. _Coccinella_.
5. MACULA (_Macula_). A larger indeterminately shaped spot.
6. MACULATE (_Maculata_). Painted with such spots.--Ex. _Abraxas
grossulariata_.
7. LITURA (_Litura_). An indeterminate spot growing paler at one
end, as if daubed or blotted.
8. LITURATE (_Liturata_). A surface painted with one or more such
spots.--Ex. _Aphodius conflagratus_.
9. PLAGA (_Plaga_). A long and large spot.--Ex. _Aphodius
plagiatus_.
10. ISLET (_Insula_). A spot of a different colour, included in a
plaga or macula.--Ex. The _Ocelli_ in the _Primary Wings_ of
_Hipparchia Semele_. A _spot_ in the _middle fascia_ of the
_under side_ of the _Primary Wing_ in _Papilio Podalirius_.
11. CREPERA (_Crepera_). A gleam of paler colour upon a dark
ground.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Dytiscus marginalis_.
12. SHADOW (_Umbra_). A slight shade, not easily perceptible upon a
paler ground.--Ex. _Elytra_ of _Acanthocinus Ædilis_. _Wings_
of _Plutella asperella_.
13. SIGNATURES (_Signaturæ_). Markings upon a surface resembling in
some degree letters and characters.
14. SIGNATE (_Signatus_). Marked with signatures.--Ex. _Elytra_ of
_Acrocinus longimanus_.
15. INSCRIBED (_Inscriptus_). When the surface is marked with the
resemblance of a letter of any language.--Ex. _Plusia Gamma_.
_Vanessa C. album_.
16. HIEROGLYPHIC (_Hieroglyphicus_). Painted with characters
somewhat resembling hieroglyphics.--Ex. _Acrocinus longimanus_.
_Schizorhina Australasiæ_.
17. ANNULET (_Annulus_). A ring-shaped spot.--Ex. _Cyclophora
omicronaria_, &c. PLATE XIV. FIG. 1. _o._
18. LUNULET (_Lunula_). A small crescent-shaped spot.--Ex.
_Marginal spots_ above and below the _Secondary Wings_ in
_Melitæa Artemis_, &c.
19. RENICULUS (_Reniculus_). A small kidney-shaped spot.--Ex.
_Upper Wings_ of _Mamestra Persicaria_.
20. OCELLUS (_Ocellus_). An eye-like spot in the _Wings_ of many
_Lepidoptera_, consisting of annuli of different colours,
inclosing a central spot or pupil.
a. PUPIL (_Pupilla_). The central spot of the ocellus. PLATE XIV.
FIG. 1. _t._ An ocellus is called bipupillate, tripupillate,
&c., when there are two, three, &c. of these spots.--Ex.
_Primary Wing_ of _Hipparchia Tithonus_, &c. PLATE XIV. FIG. 1.
_p._
_a._ HASTATE PUPIL (_Pupilla hastata_). When the pupil is a
halberd-shaped spot.--Ex. _Pupil_ of _Ocellus_ of _Aglia Tau_.
PLATE XIV. FIG. 1. _k._
_b._ SUFFULTED PUPIL (_Pupilla suffulta_). When the pupil shades
into another colour.--Ex. _Primary Wing_ of _Vanessa Io_.
b. IRIS (_Iris_). The circle which incloses the pupil. PLATE XIV.
FIG. 1. _u._
c. ATMOSPHERE (_Atmosphæra_). The _exterior_ circle of the
ocellus. PLATE XIV. FIG. 1. _v._
21. BLIND OCELLUS (_Ocellus cæcus_). An ocellus without the
pupil.--Ex. _Hipparchia Davus_.
22. SPURIOUS OCELLUS (_Ocellus spurius_). A circular spot without
any defined iris or pupil.--Ex. _Spot_ in the _Disk_ of the
_Primary Wings_ of _Colias Helice_.
23. SIMPLE OCELLUS (_Ocellus simplex_). When the ocellus consists
only of iris and pupil.--Ex. _Ocelli_ on the _under side_ of
_Primary Wings_ of _Hipparchia Semele_. PLATE XIV. FIG. 1. _t,
n, u._
24. COMPOUND OCELLUS (_Ocellus complexus_). When the ocellus
consists of three or more circles.--Ex. _Saturnia Spini_. PLATE
XIV. FIG. 1. _l._