Still another character that reflects the strength of the lower jaw
is the breadth of the rami. The most practicable measurement of this
is the breadth minimum at the constriction of the ascending branches.
A great breadth of the rami is very striking, as is well known, in
the Heidelberg jaw, and the Eskimo have long been known for a marked
tendency in the same direction. The measurements of the lower jaws of
the western Eskimo show as follows:
LOWER JAWS OF THE WESTERN ESKIMO AND OTHER RACIAL GROUPS: BREADTH
MINIMUM OF THE ASCENDING BRANCHES
---------------------------+---------------+---------------+-------------
| | |Female versus
| Male | Female | male
| | | (M = 100)
----------------------- |----- -+-------+-------+-------+-------------
| Right | Left | Right | Left |
---------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------------
| (243) | (240) | (237) | (228) |
Western Eskimo centimeters| 3.99 | 4.03 | 3.68 | 3.70 | _92_
| (20) | (20) | (13) | (13) |
Florida Indians do | 3.82 | 3.85 | 3.39 | 3.34 | _87.7_
| (21) | (19) | (19) | (16) |
Louisiana Indians do | 3.72 | 3.72 | 3.29 | 3.27 | _88.2_
| (62) | (60) | (58) | (61) |
Arkansas Indians do | 3.47 | 3.47 | 3.24 | 3.23 | _93.2_
| (42) | (40) | (30) | (29) |
Kentucky Indians do | 3.44 | 3.44 | 3.18 | 3.21 | _92.9_
| (50) | (50) | (20) | (20) |
United States whites | | | | |
(miscellaneous) centimeters| 3.17 | 3.14 | 2.89 | 2.82 | _90.5_
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Eskimo jaws, and particularly that of the female (relatively to
other females), have the broadest rami. Otherwise the series range
themselves in the same order as under the measurement of the stoutness
of the body.