_Southwestern and midwestern_
(11)
Togiak 80.1
(13)
Hooper Bay 79.7
(10)
Mumtrak 79.6
(6)
Pilot Station, Lower Yukon 79.3
(5)
Chukchee (Siberia) 78.6
(26)
Nelson Island 78
(6)
Southwestern Alaska 77.7
(32)
Indian Point (Siberia) 77.4
(12)
Little Diomede Island 77.4
(299)
St. Lawrence Island 77.2
(5)
Port Clarence 76.6
(34)
Pastolik and Yukon Delta 76.1
(14)
St. Michael Island 75.7
(116)
Nunivak Island 75.6
_Northwestern_
(222)
Point Hope 76.0
Kotzebue Sound and Kobuk (3)
River 75.4
(22)
Shishmaref 74.5
(101)
Point Barrow 74.1
(73)
Barrow 73.5
(33)
Wales 73.5
(7)
Golovnin Bay [152]72.6
(52)
Igloos, southwest of Barrow 69.7
_Northern and northeastern_
(7)
Hudson Bay and vicinity 76.3
(9)
Smith Sound 76.2
(15)
Southampton Island 74.8
(15)
Northern Arctic 73.6
(33)
Baffin Land and vicinity 73.2
(101)
Greenland 71.9
The Seward Peninsula shows sudden differences. There are a few
localities along its southern coast where the cranial type belongs
apparently to the Bering Sea and southern area. One site at Port
Clarence was one of these. But already at Golovnin Bay, which is
not far from Norton Sound and St. Michael Island, and according to
the evidence of the most recent collections (Collins 1928), also at
Sledge Island, there is a sudden appearance of marked dolichocrany,
which is repeated at Wales, on the western extremity of the peninsula,
approached at Shishmaref, the main Eskimo settlement on its northern
shore, and, judging from some fragmentary material seen at the
eastern end of the Salt Lake, also in the interior. The cause of this
distinctive feature in the Seward Peninsula is for the present elusive.
The little known territory urgently needs a thorough exploration.
The distribution of the cranial index farther north along the western
coast shows several points of interest. The first is the exceptional
position of Point Hope, one of the oldest and most populous settlements
in these regions, which by its cranial index seems to connect with the
Bering Sea groups. The second is the closeness, once more, of Barrow
and Point Barrow. The third and greatest is the presence, in a small
cluster of old igloos 8 miles down the coast from Barrow, of a group of
people that finds no counterpart in its cranial index and, as will be
seen later, also in some other characteristics, in the entire western
region; in fact, in the whole Eskimo territory outside of Greenland.
As noted before, the size of the head in this group is also closest to
that of Greenland. These peculiar facts indicate a problem that will
call for separate consideration.
The northern and northeastern groups, with the exception of the
mesocranic Hudson Bay and Smith Sound contingents, and the very
dolichocranic Greenlanders, show dolichocrany much the same as that of
Barrow and Point Barrow.