Laffa, _Ring-worm_.
Fooa, _Fruit_; _flower_.
Kokka, _A tree they stain their cloth
brown with_, i.e. _the bark_.
Moooee, _Alive_; _life_; _soul_; _God_; or
_divine spirit_.
Tooo, _A tree with the berries of which
they stain their cloth_.
Ogoohaika, _Who shall I give this to? Who
shall I help?_
Maha, _Finished_; _empty_.
Pagge, _A little paddle they exercise
with_.
Faio, _Small branched coral_.
Cheeagge, _To throw a thing away_.
Faiee tamma, _Pregnancy_.
Lalanga, _To make_.
Vao, _A wild uncultivated country_.
Neeoo goola, _Cabbage tree_.
Routte, _Hibiscus_; _rosa sinensis_.
Foa, _A custom of beating the head with
a tooth till it bleeds_.
Cheelee neefoo, _A custom of beating the teeth on
the same occasion_.
Hogga tainga, _A custom of thrusting a spear into
their thighs_; _also a mourning
ceremony_.
Toofatao, _Thrusting a spear into the sides
under the arm-pits on these
occasions_.
Tooengootoo, _Doing the same through the cheeks
into the mouth_.
Kafoo, _The garment they commonly wear_.
Offa, _A term of friendship_; as,
Taio offa, _My friend, I am glad to see you_.
Toofa, _To divide or share out food_.
Maeneene, _To tickle_.
Hailulla, _Sarcosma_.
Hooo, _A wooden instrument with which
they clear away grass from their
fences_.
Aho, _The dawn_, or _day-break_.
Gooaa, _Who is it_?
Avo, _To go_, or _take away_.
Valle, _Mad_.
Lelaiee a bee kovee, _Is it good_, or _bad_.
Taboonee, _To shut_, or _close_.
Taae, _To beat_, or _strike_.
Ahae, _Who_, or _where_.
Mamaa, _Light_.
Mamaffa, _Heavy_.
Faike, _A cuttle fish_.
Vai veegoo, _Wet_; _moist_.
VOCABULARY OF THE LANGUAGE OF NOOTKA, OR KING GEORGE’S SOUND, APRIL,
1778.
_Nootka._ English.
Opulszthl, _The sun_.
Onulszthl, _The moon_.
Nas, _or_ eenaeehl nas, _The sky_.
Noohchai, _A mountain_, or _hill_.
Mooksee, _Rocks_, or _the shore_.
Tanass, _or_ tanas, _A man_.
Oonook, _A song_.
Eeneek, _or_ eleek, _Fire_.
Nuhchee, _or_ nookchee, _The land_; _a country_.
Koassama, _The ground_.
Mahtai, _A house_.
Neit, _or_ neet, _A candle_, or _lamplight_.
Neetopok, _The smoke of a lamp_.
Tassyai, _A door_.
Ai, _and_ aio, _Yes_.
Wook, _or_ Wik, _No_.
Wik ait, _None_, _not any_.
Macook, _To barter_.
Kaeeemai, _or_ kyomai, _Give me some more for it_.
Kootche, _or_ kotche, _To paddle_.
Aook, _or_ chiamis, _To eat_, _to chew_.
Topalszthl, _or_ toopilszthl, _The sea_.
Oowhabbe, _A paddle_.
Shapats, _or_ shapitz, _or_ chapas, _A canoe_.
Tawailuck, _White bugle beads_.
Seekemaile, _Iron_, or _metal of any sort_.
Ahkoo, _or_ ahko, _This_.
Kaa, _or_ kaa chelle, _Give it me_, _let me look at it_,
or _examine it_.
Wook hak, _Will he not do it_?
Ma, _or_ maa, _Take it_.
Chakeuk, _A hatchet_, or _hacking tool_.
Eetche, _or_ abeesh, _Displeasure_.
Haoome, _or_ haooma, _Food_.
Takho, _Bad_. _This iron is bad_, takho,
seekemaile.
Chelle, _I_, _me_.
Kaeeo, _Broken_.
Alle, _or_ alla, (Speaking to one) _Friend_; _hark
ye_.
Klao appe, _or_ klao, _Keep it_; _I’ll not have it_.
Asko, _Long_, or _large_.
Iakooeshmaish, _Clothing in general._
Tahquoe, _or_ toohquoe, _A metal-button_, or _ear-ring_.
Wae, (Calling to one, perhaps) _you_!
Weekeetateesh, _Sparkling sand, which they
sprinkle on their faces_.
Chauk, _Water_.
Pacheetl, _or_ pachatl, _To give_; _give me_.
Haweelsth, _or_ hawalth, _Friendship_, _friend_.
Kleeseetl, _To paint_, or _mark with a
pencil_.
Abeetszle, _To go away_, or _depart_
Sheesookto, _To remain_, or _abide_.
Seeaik, _A stone weapon, with a square
point_.
Suhyaik, _A spear, pointed with bone_.
Taak, _The wood of the depending pine_.
Luksheet, _or_ luksheetl, _To drink_.
Soochis, _A tree_, _a wood_.
Haieeaipt, _A broad leaf_, _shrub_, or
_underwood_.
Tohumbeet, _Variegated pine_; _silver pine_.
Atlieu, _The depending pine_, or _cypress_.
Koeeklipt, _The Canadian pine_.
Cho, _Go_.
Sateu, _A pine top_.
Kleeteenek, _The little cloak that they wear_.
Kleethak, _A bear’s skin_.
Klochimme, _Muscles_.
Ohkullik, _A wooden box they hold things in_.
H’slaiakasl, _or_ slaikalszth, _Coarse mats of bark_.
Eesee, _An instrument of bone to beat
bark_.
Chapitz koole, _The model of a canoe_.
Klapatuketeel, _A bag made of mat_.
Tahmis, _To spit_; _spittle_.
Wasuksheet, _To cough_.
Poop, _Common moss_.
Okumha, _The wind_.
Chutzquabeelsl, _A bag made of seal skin_.
Konneeemis, _A kind of sea weed_.
Quaookl, _or_ tookpeetl, _To sit down_.
Klukeeszthl, _or_ quoeelszthl, _To rise up_.
Tsookeeats, _To walk_.
Kummutchchutl, _To run_.
Klutsklaee, _To strike or beat_.
Teeshcheetl, _To throw a stone_.
Teelszthtee, _To rub, or sharpen metal_.
Tsook, _To cleave, or strike hard_.
Mahkatte, _A small liliaceous root which they
eat_.
Eumahtame, _Fur of a sea otter_.
Cheemaine, _Their largest fishing hooks_.
Moostatte, _A bow_.
Kahsheetl, _Dead_.
Kleeshsheetl, _To shoot with a bow_.
Tseehatte, _An arrow_.
Katshak, _A flaxen garment, worn as their
common dress_.
Heshcheene, _A plain_ Venus _shell_.
Koohminne, _A bag rattle_.
Akeeuk, _A plain bone point for striking
seals with_.
Kaheita, _A barbed bone point for ditto_.
Cheetakulheiwha, _Bracelets of white bugle beads_.
Mittemulszsth, _Thongs of skin worn about the
wrist and neck_.
Iaiopox, _Pieces of copper worn in the ear_.
Neesksheetl, _To sneeze_.
Suchkas, _A comb_.
Seehl, _Small feathers which they strew on
their heads_.
Wamuhte, _Twisted thongs and sinews, worn
about their ankles_.
Kutseeoataia, _Veins under the skin_.
Tookquuk, _The skin_.
Muszthsle, _Pain_.
Waeetch, _To sleep_.
Siksaimaha, _To breathe_, or _pant_.
Tuhsheetl, _To weep_.
Matskoot, _A fly_.
Matook, _To fly_.
Kooees, _or_ quoees, _Snow_, or _hail_.
Aopk, _To whistle_.
Asheeaiksheetl, _To yawn_.
Elsthltleek, _An instrument of two sticks
standing from each other with
barbs_.
Cheeeeakis, _A scar of a wound_.
Tchoo, _Throw it down_, or _to me_.
Cheetkoohekai, _or_ Cheetkoaik, _A wooden instrument with many bone
teeth, to catch small fish with_.
Kaenne, _or_ Koenai, _A crow_, _a bird_.
Keesapa, _A fish_; _a white bream_.
Klaamoo, _A bream striped with blue and gold
colours_.
Taaweesh, _or_ Tsuskeeah, _A stone weapon_, or _tomahawk,
with a wooden handle_.
Kamaisthlik, _A kind of snare, to catch fish or
other animals with_.
Klahma, _Wing feathers of a red bird_.
Seetsaennuk, _Anger_; _scolding_.
Heeeai, _or_ Heeeee, _A brown streaked snake_.
Klapissime, _A racoon_.
Owatinne, _A white-headed eagle_.
Kluhmiss, _Train oil_; _a bladder filled with
it_.
Oukkooma, _Large carved wooden faces_.
Kotyook, _or_ hotyok, _A knife_.
See-eema, _A fishing net_.
Weena, _A stranger_.
Quahmiss, _Fish roe strewed upon pine
branches and sea weed_.
Kaatl, _Give me_.
Hooksquaboolsthl, _A whale harpoon and rope_.
Komook, _Chimæra monstrosa_.
Quotluk, _or_ quotlukac, _A sea otter’s skin_.
Maasenulsthl, _An oblong wooden weapon, two feet
long_.
Hookooma, _A wooden mask of the human face_.
Tooquacumilsthl, _A seal skin_.
Cha, _Let me see it_.
Sooma, _A kind of haddock, of a reddish
brown colour_.
Aeea, _A sardine_.
Koeetsak, _A wolf-skin dress_.
Keepsleetokszl, _A woollen garment_.
Isseu, _Pine bark_.
Wanshee, _Wild cat skin_ (lynx brunneus).
Chastimmetz, _A common, and also pine martin_.
Ookoomillszthl, _A little, round, wooden cup_.
Kooomitz, _A human skull_.
Keehlwahmoot, _A skin bladder used in fishing_.
Tseeapoox, _A conic cap made of mat, worn on
the head_.
Summeto, _A squirrel_; _they also called a
rat by this name_.
Maalszthl, _A deer’s horn_.
Jakops, _A man_, or _male_.
Kolsheetl, _or_ Kolsheat, _To sup with a spoon_.
Achatla, _or_ Achaklak, _What is your name_?
Achatlaha, _What is his name_?
Akassheha, _or_ akassche, _What is the name of that_?
Haismussik, _A wooden sabre_.
Maeetsalulsthl, _A bone weapon like the_ Patoo.
Kookelixo, _A fish fin_; _the hand_.
Natcha. _A fish tail_.
Klihkleek, _The hoof of an animal_.
Klaklasm, _A bracelet._
Ko, _An article, to give strength of
expression to another word_.
Nahei, _or_ naheis, _Friendship_.
Teelsthoop, _A large cuttle fish_.
Pachas, _He gave it me_.
Quaeeaitsaak, _A yellow_, or _red fox_.
Atchakoe, _A limpet_.
Aheita, _A sweet fern root they eat_.
Kishkilltup, _The strawberry plant_.
Akhmupt, _A narrow grass that grows on the
rocks_.
Klaiwahmiss, _A cloud_.
Mollsthapait, _A feather_.
Taeetcha, _Full_, _satisfied with eating_.
Kaaitz, _A necklace of small_ volute
_shells_.
Tahooquossim, _A carved human head of wood,
decorated with hair_.
Moowatche, _A carved wooden vizor, like the
head of a Quebrenta-huessos_.
Mamat, _A black linnet, with a white
bill_.
Klaokotl, _Give me something_.
Pallszthpatl, _Glimmer_ (_sheet_).
Eineetl, _The name they apply to a goat_;
_probably of a deer_.
Seeta, _The tail of an animal_.
Seehsheetl, _To kill_.
Ooolszth, _A sand piper_.
Saeemitz, _Chequered straw baskets_.
Chookwak, _To go up_, or _away_.
Kloosasht, _Smoked herrings_.
Keetsma, _Puncturation_.
Mikeellzyth, _To fasten_, or _tie a thing_.
Cheeteeakamilzsth, _White beads_.
Kakkumipt, _A sea weed_, or _grass on which
they strew fish roe_.
Eissuk, _A sort of leek_; allium
triquetrum.
Kutskushilzsth, _To tear a thing_.
Mitzsleo, _A knot_.
Mamakeeo, _To tie a knot_.
Kluksilzsth, _To loosen, or untie_.
Klakaikom, _The leaf of a plant_.
Sasinne, _or_ sasin, _A hummingbird_.
Koohquoppa, _A granulated lily root they eat_.
Seeweebt, _Alder tree_.
Kaweebt, _Raspberry bush_.
Kleehseep, _The flower of a plant_.
Klumma, _Large wooden images placed at one
end of their houses_.
Aiahtoop, _or_ aiahtoopsh, _A porpoise_.
Toshko, _A small brown spotted cod_.
Aszlimupt, _or_ ulszthimipt, _Flaxen stuff, of which they make
their garments_.
Wakash, _An expression of approbation_, or
_friendship_.
Kullekeea, _Troughs out of which they eat_.
Kaots, _A twig basket_.
Sllook, _The roof of a house_; _boards_.
Eilszthmukt, _Nettles_.
Koeeklass, _A wooden stage_, or _frame, on
which the fish roe is dried_.
Matlieu, _A withe of bark for fastening
planks_.
Nahass, _A circular hole that serves as a
window._
Neetsoanimme, _Large planks, of which their
houses are built_.
Chaipma, _Straw_.
Haquanuk, _A chest_, or _large box_.
Chahkots, _A square wooden bucket, to hold
water_.
Chahquanna, _A square wooden drinking cup_.
Klennut, _A wooden wedge_.
Kolkolsainum, _A large chest_.
Klieutsunnim, _A board to kneel on when they
paddle_.
Tseelszthook, _A frame of square poles_.
Aminulszth, _A fish_.
Natchkoa _and_ Matseeta, _The particular names of two of the
monstrous images called Klumma_.
Houa, _To go that way_.
Achichil, _What does he say_?
Aeek, _The oval part of a whale dart_.
Aptsheetl, _To steal_.
Quoeeup, _To break_.
Uhshsapai, _To pull_.
Tseehka, _A general song_.
Apte, _or_ appe, _You_.
Kai, _Thanks_.
Kotl, _Me_; _I_.
Punihpunih, _A black beating stone_.
Nootka, _The name of the bay_ or _sound_.
Yatseenequoppe, Kakallakeeheelook, _The names of three men_.
Nololokum,
Satsuhcheek, _The name of a woman_.
NAMES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY.
Oooomitz, _The head_.
Apsoop, _The hair of the head_.
Uhpeukel, _or_ upuppea, _The forehead_.
Cheecheetsh, _The teeth_.
Choop, _The tongue_.
Kussee, _or_ kassee, _The eye_.
Neets, _The nose_.
Papai, _The ear_.
Aanuss, _The cheek_.
Eehthlux, _The chin_.
Apuxim, _The beard_.
Tseekoomitz, _The neck_.
Seekutz, _The throat_.
Eslulszth, _The face_.
Eethluxooth, _The lips_.
Klooshkooah, klah, tamai, _The nostrils_.
Aeetchse, _The eye-brow_.
Aapso, _The arm_.
Aapsoonilk, _The arm-pit_.
Eneema, _The nipple_.
Kooquainux, _or_ Kooquainuxoo, _The fingers_.
Chushchuh, _Nail of the finger_.
Kleashklinne, _The thighs and legs_.
Klahtimme, _The foot_.
Aiahkomeetz, _The thumb_.
Kopeeak, _The fore finger_.
Taeeai, _The middle finger_.
Oatso, _or_ akkukluc, _The ring finger_.
Kasleka, _The little finger_.
VOCABULARY OF THE LANGUAGE OF ATOOI, ONE OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS,
JANUARY, 1778.
_Atooi._ English.
Tehaia, _Where_.
Mahaia, _Ditto_.
Aorre, _or_ Aoe, _No_.
He oho, _The hair_.
E poo, _The head_.
Papaiee aoo, _The ear_.
Heraee, _The forehead_.
Matta, _The eye_.
Pappareenga, _The cheek_.
Haieea, _Fish_.
Eeeheu, _The nose_.
Oome oome, _The beard_.
Haire, _To go_.
Erawha, _Tears of joy_.
Aee, _The neck_.
Poheeve, _The arm_.
Ooma ooma, _The breast_.
Heoo, _The nipple_.
Peeto, _The navel_.
Hoohaa, _The thigh_.
He, wawy, _The leg_.
Eroui, _Wait a little_.
Areea, _Wait a little_.
Myao, _Finger and toe nails_.
Eeno, _Bad_.
Hootee, hootee, _To pluck up_, or _out_.
Tooanna, _A brother_.
Teina, _A younger brother_.
Otooma heeva, _A man’s name_.
Nanna, _Let me see it_.
Noho, _To sit_.
Hoe, _To go_.
Hooarra, _Sweet potatoes_.
E Taeeai, _Calling to one_.
Waheine, _A woman_.
Teeorre, _To throw away a thing_.
He, aieeree, _The skin_.
Ma, ty ty, _To look at_, or _survey a thing_.
Tommomy, _Come here_.
Erooi, _To retch_, _to puke_.
Too, _Sugar cane_.
Maa mona, _Sweet_ or _savoury food_.
Tooharre, _To spit_.
Matou, _I_, first person singular.
My, ty, _Good_.
Otaeaio, Terurotoa, _Names of two chiefs_.
Oome, _A great number_.
Poe, _Taro pudding_.
Oohe, _Yams_.
Booa, _A hog_.
Eeneeoo, _Cocoa nuts_.
Ono, _To understand_.
Eetee, _To understand_, or _know_.
Otae, _A man’s name_.
Maonna, _Full_, _satisfied with eating_.
Owytooehainoa, _What is your name_?
Tanata, _A man_.
Tangata, _Ditto_.
Pahoo, _A drum_.
Ehoora, _A kind of dance_.
Maro, _A narrow stripe of cloth they
wear_.
Hoemy; harremy, _To come_.
Eroemy, _Fetch it here_.
Taooa, _We_, first person plural.
Toura, _A rope_.
Ooroo, _Bread fruit_.
Etee, _Dracæna_.
Appe, _Virginian Arum_.
Matte, _Dead_.
Aoonai, _In a short time_; _presently_.
Paha, _Perhaps_.
Ai, _Yes_.
Ateera, _Done_; _at an end_.
Hevaite, _To unfold_.
Noona, _Above_.
Tapaia, _To abide_; _to keep_ or _restrain
from going_.
Poore, _A prayer_.
Tahouna, _A priest_.
Atee, _To fetch_, or _bring_.
Meeme, _To make water_.
Ehaia, _Where_.
Poota, _A hole_.
Mao, _That way_.
Mareira, _This place_.
Eeo, _There_.
Evaa, _A canoe_.
Touroonoa, _A man’s name_.
My ty, _Let me look_.
Aieeboo, _A vessel of gourd shell_.
Ahewaite, _Mullus cretaceus_.
Opoore, _Sparus parvus puctatus_.
Taee, _The sea_.
Evy, _Fresh water_.
Aiva, _A harbour_.
Eerotto, _Within_, _into_.
Owyte eree, _What is the chief’s name_?
Toneoneo, _A chief’s name_.
Motoo, _To tear_, or _break_.
Toe, _A stone adze_.
Vaheeo, _Let it lie_, or _remain_.
Haieehe, _A barbed dart_.
Hooroo manoo, _Birds’ feathers_.
Motoo, _An island_.
Hamoea, _A ceremony of clapping the hands
to the head, and prostrating
themselves to the chief_.
Worero, _Lost_; _stole_.
Aeenoo, _To drink_.
Tehaia, orooa, _Where are you_?
Ou, _I_, first person singular.
Eunai, _Here_; _at this place_.
Pororee, _Hunger_; _hungry_.
Hereema, _A species of Sida_.
Meere, meere, _To look at_, or _behold_.
Moa, _A fowl_.
Manoo, _A bird_.
Dirro, _Below_.
Modooa, tanne, _Father_.
Modooa, waheine, _Mother_.
Naiwe, nawie, _Pleasant_; _agreeable_.
Hai, raa, _The sun_.
Hairanee, _The sky_.
Abobo, _To-morrow_.
Heaho, _A small rope_.
Tereira, _There_; _that way_.
Pymy, _Throw it here_.
Ewououtte, _Morus Papyrif_.
Moe, _To sleep_.
Nooe, _Large_.
Poowha, _To yawn_.
Ahaia, _When_; _at what time_.
Wehai, _To uncover and undo a thing_.
Tooto, _A small straw rope_.
Eaha, nai, _What is this_?
Maeea, _Plantains_.
Parra, _Ripe_; as _ripe fruit_.
Toe, toe, _Cold_.
Matanee, _The wind_.
Etoo, _To rise up_.
Hairetoo, _To go there_.
Hoatoo, _To give_.
Eeapo, _Night_.
Eahoiahoi, _Evening_.
Oora, _Red feathers_.
Teehe, _A present of cloth_.
Herairemy, _A place on which fruit is laid as
an offering to God_.
Henananoo, _A square pile of wicker work_, or
_religious obelisk_.
Hereeere, _A burying-ground_.
Eteepappa, _The inside of a burying ground_.
Harre, _A house_.
Harre pahoo, _A drum house in a burying-ground_.
Heneene, _A wall_, _the wall of a
burying-ground_.
Heho, _A stone set up in a burying ground
consecrated to the Deity_.
Eatooa, _A god_.
Tangaroa, _The name of the god of the place
we were at_.
None, _Morinda citrifolia_.
Hereanee, _Small twig things in a
burying-ground_.
Hemanaa, _A house_, or _hut, where they bury
their dead_.
Herooanoo, _Wooden images in a burying-house_.
Tooraipe, _A kind of head-dress_, or _helmet
on an image_.
Eahoi, _Hire_.
Pohootoo noa, _A cream-coloured whet-stone_.
Poota paire, _A district at the western part of
the isle_.
Eonnotaine, _A short cloak of black and white
feathers_.
Ottahoinoo, _One article_, or _thing_.
Epappa, _A board used to swim upon_.
Oneete, _A kind of cloth_.
Heorro taire, _A small scarlet bird_, or _merops
scarlatina_.
Taa, _An interjection of admiration_.
Epoo, _A bracelet of a single shell_.
Eou, _To swim_.
Tearre, _Gardenia_, or _Cape Jasmine_.
Heoudoo, _A refusal_; _I will not do it_, or
_take that for this_.
Eeorre, _A rat_.
Ehooo, _A gimblet_, or _any instrument to
bore with_.
Epaoo, _or_ ooapa, _There is no more_; _it is done_,
or _finished_.
Matou, _A particular sort of fish-hook_.
Erahoi, dehoi, _Thin_; as, _thin cloth, board,
&c._
Pattahaee, _or_ heroui, _A sort of musical instrument or
rattle, ornamented with red
feathers_.
Eappanai, _A plume of feathers they wear_.
Etooo, _The Cordia sebestina_.
Whatte, _To break_.
Oeea, _Yes_; _it is so_.
Heoreeoree, _A song_.
Paraoo, _A wooden bowl_.
Apooava, _A shallow wooden dish they drink
ava out of_.
Etoohe, toohee, _A particular sort of cloth_.
Ootee, _or_ otee, otee, _To cut_.
Pappaneeheomano, _A wooden instrument beset with
shark’s teeth, used to cut up those
they kill_.
Maheine, _A wife_.
Homy, _Give me_.
Moena, _or_ moenga, _A mat to sleep on_.
Eeno, _An adjunct, when they express any
thing good, though by itself it
signifies bad. Thus they say_,
Erawha eeno, _good greeting, as the
Otaheiteans say_, Ehoa eeno, _or my
good friend_.
Taboo, _or_ tafoo, _Any thing not to be touched, as
being forbid. This is an example
that shows the transmutation of the
H, F, and B into each other. Thus
at Otaheite yams are_ oohe, _at
Tonga_ oofe, _at New Caledonia_
oobe, _and here_ taboo _is_ tafoo.
Maooa, _I_, first person singular.
Heno, _Little rods, about five feet long,
with a tuft of hair on the small
end_.
Patae, _Salt_.
Aheia, _A round pearl shell_.
Teanoo, _The cold arising from being in the
water_.
Tammata, _The sense of taste_.
Ootoo, _A louse_.
Ehone, _To salute by applying one nose to
the other_. Ehogge _at New
Zealand, and_ Ehoe _at Otaheite_.
My, _A sore of any kind_.
Oura, _or_ ouraa, _Cured_; _recovered_; _alive_;
_well_.
Mango, _A shark_.
Te _and_ he, _The_.
Heneeoohe, _An instrument made of a shark’s
tooth fixed on a wooden handle, to
cut with_.
Eea, _An adjunct, as at Otaheite, to
give strength to an expression_.
Paoo roa, _Quite done_; _finished_.
Ee, _At_.
Taira, _That_; _the other_.
Ahoo aura, _Red cloth_.
Henaro, _A fly_.
Ehateinoa, _What is the name of that?_
Heweereweere, _An outrigger of a canoe_.
Mawaihe, _The sail of a canoe_.
Eheou, _The mast of a canoe_.
Hetoa, _The yard of a sail_.
Ooamou, _Fast_; _secure_; _sound_; _whole_.
Hono, _To go_; _to move_.
Matou, _Fear_.
Pooa, _An arrow_.
Teeto, _A bow_.
Epaee, _Wooden bowls made from the Etooo_.
Ohe, _Bamboo_.
Henaroo, _The swell of the sea_.
Motoo, _Land_.
Ehetoo, _A star_.
Marama, _The moon_.
Ouameeta, _A man’s name_.
_Numerals to Ten, as at_ Otaheite.
TABLE to show the affinity between the LANGUAGES spoken at OONALASHKA
and NORTON SOUND, and those of the GREENLANDERS and ESQUIMAUX.
English. _Ooonalashka._ _Norton Sound._ _Greenland from _Esquimaux._
Crantz._
_A man_, Chengan ---- Angut
_A woman_, Anagogenach
_The head_, Kameak ---- ---- Ne-aw-cock
_The hair_, Emelach Nooit ---- New-rock
_The eye brow_, Kamlik Kameluk ---- Coup-loot
_The eye_, Dhac Enga ---- Ehich
_The nose_, Anosche Ngha ---- Cring-yauk
_The cheek_, Oolooeik Oollooak ---- Ou-lu-uck-cur
_The ear_, Tootoosh Shudeka ---- Se-u-teck
_The lip_, Adhee Hashlaw
_The teeth_, Agaloo
_The tongue_, Agonoc
_The beard_, Engelagoong Oongai
_The chin_, Ismaloch Tamluk ---- Taplou
_The neck_, Ooioc ---- ---- Coon-e-soke
_The breast_, Shimsen ---- ---- Suck-ke-uck
_The arm_, Toolak Dallek ---- Telluck
_The hand_, Kedhachoonge Aishet ---- Alguit
_The finger_, Atooch
_The nails_, Cagelch Shetooe
_The thigh_, Cachemac Kookdoshac
_The leg_, Ketac Kanaiak ---- Ki-naw-auk
_The foot_, Ooleac Etscheak ---- E-te-ket
_The sun_, Agadac Maje ---- Suck-ki-nuch
_The moon_, Toogedha ---- ---- Tac-cock
_The sky_, Enacac
_A cloud_, Aiengich
_The wind_, Caitchee
_The sea_, Alaooch Emai ---- Ut-koo-tuk-lea
_Water_, Tangch Mooe
_Fire_, Keiganach ---- ---- E-ko-ma
_Wood_, Hearach
_A knife_, Kamelac
_A house_, Oolac ---- Iglo Tope-uck
_A canoe_, Eakeac Caiac Kaiak Kirock
_A paddle_, Chasec Pangehon Pautik Pow
_Iron_, Comeleuch Shawik ---- Shaveck
_A bow_, Seiech ---- ---- Petick sic
_Arrows_, Agadhok ---- ---- Caukjuck
_Darts_, Ogwalook ---- Aglikak
_A fish-hook_, Oochtac
_No_, Net Ena Nag
_Yes_, or Ah Eh Illisve
_yea_,
_One_, Taradac Adowjak Attousek Attouset
_Two_, Alac Aiba Arlak Mardluk
_Three_, Canoogh Pingashook Pingajuah Pingasut
_Four_, Sechn Shetamik Sissamat Sissamat
_Five_, Chang Dallamik Tellimat Tellimat
_Six_, Atoo _In counting ---- Arbanget
more than five
they repeat
the same words
over again._
_Seven_, Ooloo ---- Arbanget
Attausek
_Eight_, Kamching ---- ---- Arbanget
mardlik
_Nine_, Seching ---- ---- Kollin illoet
_Ten_, Hasc ---- ---- Kollit.
THE END.
LONDON:
Printed by A. & R. Spottiswoode,
New-Street-Square.
[_To face the last page of_ VOL. VII.]
A Comparative TABLE of NUMERALS, exhibiting the Affinity and Extent of
Language, which is found to prevail in all the Islands of the Eastern
Sea, and derived from that spoken on the Continent of Asia, in the
Country of the Malayes.
[N. B. The Malaye being considered as the root, three specimens of its
Numerals stand separate, at the top of the Table. The derivative
branches are ranged and numbered, according to the longitudinal
situation of the several places, proceeding from Madagascar, the most
Western boundary, Eastward to Easter Island. In the instances marked
with a Star, liberty has been taken to separate the Article from the
Numeral.]
_Malay._ _Malay at _Malay._
Sumatra._
_One_, Satu, Satoo, Sa.
_Two_, Dua, Duo, Dua.
_Three_, Tiga, Teego, Teega.
_Four_, Enpa, Ampat, Ampat.
_Five_, Lyma, Leemo, Leema.
_Six_, Nam, Anam, Nam _and_ Anam.
_Seven_, Toufou, Toojoo, Toojoo.
_Eight_, De-lappan, Slappan, Delapan.
_Nine_, Sambalan, Sambilan, Sambelan.
_Ten_, Sapola, Sapooloo, Sapooloo.
_Herbert_, p. _Marsden_, p. _Forster’s
368. 168. Observations_,
p. 284.
I. II. III. IV.
_Madagascar._ _Madagascar._ _Madagascar._ _Madagascar._
_One_, Issee, _or_ Eser Isso Isse
Essa
_Two_, Rooe Rooa Tone Rica
_Three_, Tulloo, _or_ Talu Tello Tellou
Tailloo
_Four_, Efax, _or_ Efar Effutchi Effad Effats
_Five_, Lime, _or_ Deeme Fruto Limi
Leman
_Six_, One, _or_ Aine Eanning Woubla Ene
_Seven_, Heitoo, _or_ Feeto Sidda Titou
Petoo
_Eight_, Balloo Varlo Foulo Walou
_Nine_, Seeva Seve Malo Sivi
_Ten_, Foroo, _and_ Folo Nel Tourou
Fooloo
_Sir Joseph
_Parkinson_, p. _Drury_, p. _Herbert_, p. Banks_, _Cook’s
205. 457. 22. Voyages_, Vol.
ii. p. 348.
V. VI. VII. VIII.
_Acheen, in _Lampoon, in _Batta, in _Rejang, in
Sumatra._ Sumatra._ Sumatra._ Sumatra._
_One_, Sah Sye Sadah Do
_Two_, Dua Rowah Duo Dooy
_Three_, Tloo Tulloo Toloo Tellou
_Four_, Paat Ampah Opat M pat
_Five_, Leemung Leemah Leemah Lema
_Six_, Nam Annam Onam Noom
_Seven_, Too-joo Peetoo Paitoo Toojooa
_Eight_, D’Lappan Ooalloo Ooalloa De-lapoon
_Nine_, Sakoorang Seewah Seeah Sembilan
_Ten_, Saploo Pooloo Sapooloo De Pooloo
_Marsden_, p. _Marsden_, p. _Marsden_, p. _Marsden_, p.
168. 168. 168. 168.
IX. X. XI. XII.
_Princes _Tagales of _Pampangos_, or
Island._ _Java._ Leuconia_, or _Philippine_.
_Manilla_.
_One_, Hegie Sigi Ysa Isa, Metong
_Two_, Dua Lorou Dalava, _or_ Ad-dua
Dalova
_Three_, Tollu Tullu Tatl, _or_ Ytlo At-lo
_Four_, Opat Pappat Apat Apat
_Five_, Limah Limo Lima Lima
_Six_, Gunnap Nunnam Anim Anam
_Seven_, Tudju Petu Pito Pitu
_Eight_, Delapan Wolo Valo Valo
_Nine_, Salapan Songo Siyam Siam
_Ten_, Sapoulo Sapoulo Polo _and_ Pobo Apalo
_Sir Joseph _Sir Joseph _Forster’s _Forster’s
Banks_, _Cook’s Banks_, _Cook’s Observations_, Observations_,
Voyages_, Vol. Voyages_, Vol. p. 284. p. 284.
ii. p. 348. ii. p. 348.
XIII. XIV. XV. XVI.
_Island of _Isle of
_Mindanao._ _Isle of Savu._ Savu_, or Ceram._
_Savoo_.
_One_, Isa Isse, _or_ Usse Usse O Eeuta
_Two_, Daua Rooe Lhua O Looa
_Three_, Tulu Tulloa Tullu O Toloo
_Four_, Apat Uppa Uppa O Patoo
_Five_, Lima Lumee Lumme O Leema
_Six_, Anom Unna Unna O Loma
_Seven_, Petoo Petoo Pedu O Peeto
_Eight_, Walu Aroo Arru O Aloo
_Nine_, Seaow Saio Saou O Teeo
_Ten_, Sanpoolu Singooroo Singooroo O Pooloo
_Forest’s _Parkinson_, p. _Lieut. Cook_, _Parkinson_, p.
Voyage_, p. 170. Vol. ii. p. 200.
399. 278.
XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX.
_Isle of _New Guinea. _Pappua of New _Terra del
Moses._ 1616. Anno 1616._ Guinea._ Espiritu
Santo._
They
named numerals
_One_, Kaou Tika Oser as far as five
or six, the
same as at
Annamooka.
_Two_, Roa Roa Serou
_Three_, Tolou Tola Kior
_Four_, Wati Fatta Tiak
_Five_, Rima Lima, _or_ Rim
Liman
_Six_, Eno Wamma Onim
_Seven_, Lvijtfou Fita Tik
_Eight_, Eialou Wala War
_Nine_, Siwa Siwa Siou
_Ten_, Sanga Poulo Sanga Foula Samfoor
_Herrera, from _Herrera, Le from _Forest’s _Cook_, Vol.
Le Maire_, p. Maire_, p. 81. Voyage_, p. iv. p. 83.
82. 402.
XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV.
_New _New _Malicolo._ _Tanna._
Caledonia._ Caledonia._
_One_, *Wag Eeaing *Par Ai *Tsee Kaee *Ret Tee
_Two_, Wa Roo Par Roo E-Ry Car Roo
_Three_, Wat Eeen Par Ghen E-Rei Ka Har
_Four_, Wat Baeek Par Bai E-Bats Ka Fa
_Five_, Wan Nim Pa Nim E-Reem Ka Rirrom
_Six_,
_Seven_,
_Eight_,
_Nine_,
_Ten_,
_Cook_, end of _Forster_, p. _Cook_, end of _Forster_, p.
Vol. iv. 284. Vol. iv. 284.
XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII.
_Tanna._ _New Zealand._ _New Zealand._ _New Zealand._
_One_, *Ree Dee Tahai Ka Tahe Tahai
_Two_, Ka Roo Rua Ka Rooa Rooa
_Three_, Ka Har Torou Ka Tarroa Toroa
_Four_, Kai Phar Ha Ka Wha T’Fa
_Five_, K’Reerum Rema Ka Reema Reema
_Six_, Ono Ka Onoo Honnoo
_Seven_, Etu Ka Wheetoo Widdoo
_Eight_, Warou Ka Warroo Warroo
_Nine_, Iva Ka Eeva Heeva
_Ten_, Anga Hourou Kaca Haowroo Anga Horro
_Cook_, end of _Lieut. Cook_, _Parkinson_, p. _Forster_, p.
Vol. iv. 1770. Vol. ii. 128. 284.
p. 61.
XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII.
_Horn Islands._ _Isle of Cocos. _Friendly _Island of
1616. Anno 1616._ Islands._ Amsterdam._
_One_, Tacij, _or_ Taci A Tahaw Tahae
Taci
_Two_, Loua, _or_ Loa Loua Looa Eooa
_Three_, Tolou Tolou Toloo Tooroa
_Four_, Fa, _and_ D’Fa Fa T’Fa A Faa
_Five_, Lima Lima Neema Neema
_Six_, Houw Houno Vano
_Seven_, Fitou Fidda
_Eight_, Walou Varoo
_Nine_, Ywou Heeva
_Ten_, Onge Foula Onge Foula Ongofooroo
_Herrera, from _Herrera, from _Forster’s _Cook_, end of
Le Maire_, p. Le Maire_, p. Observat._ p. Vol. iv.
81. 81. 284.
XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI.
_Sandwich _Otaheite._ _Otaheite._ _Marquisas._
Islands._
Their
_One_, numerals to Tohe *A Tahay *A Tahaee
ten, the same
as at Otaheite.
_Two_, Rooa E Rooa A Ooa
_Three_, Torhoa Toreo A Toroa
_Four_, Ha A Haa A Faa
_Five_, Il Lemi E Reema A Aeema
_Six_, Whaine A Ono A Ono
_Seven_, Hitoo A Heitoo A Wheetoo
_Eight_, Wallhea A Waroo A Waoo
_Nine_, Iva A Eeva A Eeva
Whannahoo,
_Ten_, Hoolhoa A Hooroo _and_
Whannahooee
_Anderson’s _Parkinson_, p. _Cook_, end of _Cook_, end of
Vocabulary, in 64. Vol. iv. Vol. iv.
this Appendix._
XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX.
_Marquisas._ _Easter _Easter
Island._ Island._
_One_, Bo Dahai Kat Tahaee Ko Tahai
_Two_, Bo Hooa Rooa Rooa
_Three_, Bo Dooo Toroo Toroo
_Four_, Bo Ha Haa, _and_ Fa Haa
_Five_, Bo Heema Reema Reema
_Six_, Bo Na Honoo Hono
_Seven_, Bo Hiddoo Heedoo Hiddoo
_Eight_, Bo Wahoo Varoo Varoo
_Nine_, Bo Heeva Heeva Heeva
_Ten_, Bo Nahoo Atta Hooroo Ana Hooroo
Anna Hooroo
_Forster’s _Cook_, end of _Forster’s
Observations_, Vol. iv. Observations_,
p. 284. p. 284.
Footnotes
Footnote 1:
We afterward met with several others of the same denomination; but
whether it be an office, or some degree of affinity, we could never
learn with certainty.
Footnote 2:
Captain Cook generally went by this name amongst the natives of
Owhyhee; but we could never learn its precise meaning. Sometimes they
applied it to an invisible being, who, they said, lived in the
heavens. We also found that it was a title belonging to a personage of
great rank and power in the island, who resembles pretty much the
Delai Lama of the Tartars, and the ecclesiastical emperor of Japan.
Footnote 3:
See Captain Cook’s former Voyage.
Footnote 4:
14 lb.
Footnote 5:
Since these papers were prepared for the press, I have been informed
by Mr. Vancouver, who was one of my Midshipmen in the Discovery, and
was afterwards appointed Lieutenant of the _Martin_ sloop of war, that
he tried the method here recommended, both with English and Spanish
pork, during a cruize on the Spanish Main, in the year 1782, and
succeeded to the utmost of his expectations. He also made the
experiment at Jamaica with the beef served by the victualling office
to the ships, but not with the same success, which he attributes to
the want of the necessary precautions in killing and handling the
beasts; to their being hung up and opened before they had sufficient
time to bleed, by which means the blood-vessels were exposed to the
air, and the blood condensed before it had time to empty itself; and
to their being hard driven and bruised. He adds, that having himself
attended to the killing of an ox, which was carefully taken on board
the _Martin_, he salted a part of it, which at the end of the week was
found to have taken the salt completely, and he has no doubt would
have kept for any length of time; but the experiment was not tried.
Footnote 6:
See description of the _Morai_, in the preceding Chapter.
Footnote 7:
See Vol. vi. book iii. chap. 12.
Footnote 8:
Sir Godfrey Copley’s gold medal was adjudged to him, on that occasion.
Footnote 9:
The word _matee_, is commonly used, in the language of these islands,
to express either killing or wounding; and we were afterward told,
that this chief had only received a slight blow on the face from a
stone, which had been struck by one of the balls.
Footnote 10:
It was evident, that the iron we found in possession of the natives at
Nootka Sound, and which was mostly made into knives, was of a much
paler sort than ours.
Footnote 11:
It is to be observed, that, among the windward Islands, the _k_ is
used instead of the _t_, as _Morokoi_ instead of _Morotoi_, &c.
Footnote 12:
_Modoo_ signifies island; _papapa_, flat. This island is called
_Tammatapappa_, by Captain Cook, vol. II. p. 222.
Footnote 13:
Both the sweet potatoes, and the tarrow, are here planted four feet
from each other; the former was earthed up almost to the top of the
stalk, with about half a bushel of light mould; the latter is left
bare to the root, and the mould round it is made in the form of a
bason, in order to hold the rain-water, as this root requires a
certain degree of moisture. It has been before observed, that the
tarrow, at the Friendly and Society Islands, was always planted in low
and moist situations, and generally, where there was the conveniency
of a rivulet to flood it. It was imagined that this mode of culture
was absolutely necessary; but we now found, that, with the precaution
above mentioned, it succeeds equally well in a drier situation:
indeed, we all remarked, that the tarrow of the Sandwich Islands is
the best we had ever tasted. The plantains are not admitted in these
plantations, but grow amongst the bread-fruit trees.
Footnote 14:
See Vol. VI.
Footnote 15:
As this circumstance, of their _singing in parts_, has been much
doubted by persons eminently skilled in music, and would be
exceedingly curious, if it was clearly ascertained, it is to be
lamented that it cannot be more positively authenticated.
Captain Burney, and Captain Phillips of the Marines, who both have a
tolerable knowledge of music, have given it as their opinion, that
they did sing in parts; that is to say, that they sung together in
different notes, which formed a pleasing harmony.
These gentlemen have fully testified, that the Friendly Islanders
undoubtedly studied their performances before they were exhibited in
public; that they had an idea of different notes being useful in
harmony; and also, that they rehearsed their compositions in private;
and threw out the inferior voices, before they ventured to appear
before those who were supposed to be judges of their skill in music.
In their regular concerts, each man had a bamboo, which was of a
different length, and gave a different tone: these they beat against
the ground, and each performer, assisted by the note given by this
instrument, repeated the same note, accompanying it by words, by which
means it was rendered sometimes short, and sometimes long. In this
manner they sung in chorus, and not only produced octaves to each
other, according to their different species of voice, but fell on
concords, such as were not disagreeable to the ear.
Now, to overturn this fact by the reasoning of persons who did not
hear those performances, is rather an arduous task. And yet there is
great improbability that any uncivilized people should, by accident,
arrive at this degree of perfection in the art of music, which we
imagine can only be attained by dint of study, and knowledge of the
system and theory upon which musical composition is founded. Such
miserable jargon as our country psalm-singers practise, which may be
justly deemed the lowest class of counterpoint, or singing in several
parts, cannot be acquired in the coarse manner in which it is
performed in the churches, without considerable time and practice. It
is, therefore, scarcely credible, that a people, semi-barbarous,
should naturally arrive at any perfection in that art which it is much
doubted whether the Greeks and Romans, with all their refinements in
music, ever attained, and which the Chinese, who have been longer
civilized than any people on the globe, have not yet found out.
If Captain Burney (who, by the testimony of his father, perhaps the
greatest musical theorist of this or any other age, was able to have
done it) had written down, in European notes, the concords that these
people sung; and if these concords had been such as European ears
could tolerate, there would have been no longer doubt of the fact:
but, as it is, it would, in my opinion, be a rash judgment to venture
to affirm that they did or did not understand counterpoint; and
therefore I fear that this curious matter must be considered as still
remaining undecided.
Footnote 16:
An amusement somewhat similar to this, at Otaheite, has been
described, Vol. VI. p. 139.
Footnote 17:
Voyages made by the Russians from Asia to America, &c. Translated from
the German, by T. Jefferys, p. 37.
Footnote 18:
It hath since appeared, from the account of Kerguelen’s voyage, that
this extraordinary person, who had entered into the French service,
was commander of a new settlement at Madagascar, when Kerguelen
touched there in 1774.
Footnote 19:
Extraordinary as this may appear, Kraschininikoff, whose account of
Kamtschatka, from every thing that I saw, and had an opportunity of
comparing it with, seems to me to deserve entire credit; and whose
authority _I shall_ therefore frequently have recourse to, relates
instances of this kind that are much more surprising. “Travelling
parties,” says he, “are often overtaken with dreadful storms of snow,
on the approach of which, they drive _with the utmost precipitation
into the nearest wood_, and there are obliged to stay, till the
tempest, which frequently lasts six or seven days, is over; the dogs
remaining all this while quiet and inoffensive; except that sometimes,
when prest by hunger, they will devour their reins, and the other
leathern parts of the harness.”
_History and Description of Kamschatka, by Kraschininikoff._
Footnote 20:
On this occasion, Major Behm permitted us to examine all the maps and
charts that were in his possession. Those relating to the peninsula of
the Tschutski were made in conformity to the information collected by
Plenisher, between the years 1760 and 1770. As the charts of Plenisher
were afterward made use of, according to Mr. Coxe, in the compilation
of the General Map of Russia, published by the Academy in 1776, it may
be necessary to observe, that we found them exceedingly erroneous, and
that the compilers of the General Map seem to have been led into some
mistakes on his authority. Those in which the islands on the coast of
America were laid down we found to contain nothing new, and to be much
less accurate than those we saw at Oonalashka.
Footnote 21:
This bird, which is somewhat larger than the common gull, pursues the
latter kind whenever it meets them; the gull, after flying for some
time, with loud screams and evident marks of great terror, drops its
dung; which its pursuer immediately darts at, and catches before it
falls into the sea.
Footnote 22:
From the circumstance, related in the last volume, that gave name to
Sledge Island, it appears, that the inhabitants of the adjacent
continents visit occasionally the small islands lying between them,
probably for the conveniency of fishing, or in pursuit of furs.
It appears also from Popoff’s deposition, which I shall have occasion
to speak of more particularly hereafter, that the general resemblance
between the people, who are seen in these islands, and the Tschutski,
was sufficient to lead Deshneff into the error of imagining them to be
the same. “Opposite to the Noss,” he says, “is an island of moderate
size, without trees, whose inhabitants _resemble, in their exterior,
the Tschutski, although they are quite another nation_; not numerous
indeed, yet speaking their own particular language.” Again, “One may
go in a baidare from the Noss to the island in half a day; beyond is a
great continent, which can be discovered from the island in serene
weather. When the weather is good, one may go from the island to the
continent in a day. _The inhabitants of the continent are similar to
the Tschutski, excepting that they speak another language._”
Footnote 23:
I mention the more early Russian navigators, because Beering, whom we
have also followed, and after him all the late Russian geographers,
have given this name to the south-east cape of the peninsula of the
Tschutski, which was formerly called the Anadirskoi Noss.
Footnote 24:
See Chart in Coxe’s Account of Russian Discoveries.
Footnote 25:
See Gmelin, pages 369, 374.
Footnote 26:
See all that is known of his voyage, and a chart of his discoveries,
in Mr. Coxe’s _Account of Russian Discoveries between Asia and
America_. We were not able to learn from the Russians in Kamtschatka,
a more perfect account of Synd than we now find is given by Mr. Coxe;
and yet they seemed disposed to communicate all that they really knew.
Major Behm could only inform us, in general, that the expedition had
miscarried as to its object, and that the commander had fallen under
much blame. It appeared evidently, that he had been on the coast of
America to the southward of Cape Prince of Wales, between the latitude
of 64° and 65°; and it is most probable, that his having got too far
to the northward to meet with sea-otters, which the Russians, in all
their attempts at discoveries, seem to have principally in view, and
his returning without having made any that promised commercial
advantages, was the cause of his disgrace, and of the great contempt
with which the Russians always spoke of this officer’s voyage.
The cluster of islands, placed in Synd’s chart, between the latitude
of 61° and 65°, is undoubtedly the same with the island called, by
Beering, St. Laurence’s, and those we named Clerke’s, Anderson’s, and
King’s Islands; but their proportionate size, and relative situation,
are exceedingly erroneous.
Footnote 27:
Krascheninicoff says, that the tree here spoken of is a dwarf cedar,
for that there is not a pine in the peninsula.
Footnote 28:
Krascheninicoff says, that the natives likewise convert the bark into
a pleasant wholesome food, by stripping it off whilst it is young and
green, and cutting it into long narrow stripes, like _vermicelli_,
drying it, and stewing it afterward along with their _caviar_.
Footnote 29:
Gmelin, p. 41. Steller enumerates five different species of this
plant.
Footnote 30:
_Lonicera pedunculis bifloris, floribus infundibili formis, baccâ
solitariâ, oblongâ, angulosâ._ Gmel. Flor. Sib.
Footnote 31:
_Myrtillus grandis cæruleus._
Footnote 32:
_Epilobium._
Footnote 33:
_Chœrophyllum seminibus levibus._
Footnote 34:
_Tradescantia fructu molli edulo._
Footnote 35:
_Bistorta foliis ovatis, oblongis, accuminatis._
Footnote 36:
_Jacobea foliis cannabis._ Steller.
Footnote 37:
_Anemonoides et ranunculus._
Footnote 38:
Gmel. Sib. tom. i. p. 119. Tab. XXV.
Footnote 39:
_Canis vulpes._
Footnote 40:
_Mustela zibellina._
Footnote 41:
Rivers emptying themselves into the Lena, near its source.
Footnote 42:
_Canis casopus._
Footnote 43:
_Lepus timidus._
Footnote 44:
_Mus citellus._
Footnote 45:
_Mustela erminia._
Footnote 46:
_Mustela nivalis._
Footnote 47:
_Ursus luseus._
Footnote 48:
Krascheninicoff relates, that this small animal frequently destroys
deer, and the wild mountain sheep, in the following way: they scatter
at the bottom of trees bark and moss, which those animals are fond of:
and whilst they are picking it up, drop suddenly upon them, and
fastening behind the head, suck out their eyes.
Footnote 49:
The Koriacks make use of a very simple method of catching bears. They
suspend, between the forks of a tree, a running noose, within which
they fasten a bait, which the animal, endeavouring to pull away, is
caught sometimes by the neck, and sometimes by the paw.
Footnote 50:
_Crapra amon._
Footnote 51:
Mr. Steller has made the following scale of its cry:
[Illustration: a-an-gitche a-an-gitche]
For a further account of this bird, I must refer the reader to
Krascheninicoff, vol. ii. part 4.
Footnote 52:
_Anas picta, capite pulchrè fasciato._ Steller.
Footnote 53:
_Falco leucocephalus._
Footnote 54:
_Vultur albiulla._
Footnote 55:
_Mustela lutris._
Footnote 56:
English Translation, p. 59.
Footnote 57:
The quadrupeds and birds mentioned in this part of the voyage are
marked in this list with a double asterisk.
Footnote 58:
The birds which are not described by Linnæus, are referred to the
History of Birds, now publishing by Mr. Latham, surgeon, in Dartford
Kent.
Footnote 59:
I never saw this; but it is mentioned by Mr. Ellis. I had omitted it
in my zoologic part.
Footnote 60:
It is proper to remark, that Atlassoff sent an advanced party, under
the command of a subaltern, called Lucas Moloskoff, who certainly
penetrated into Kamtschatka, and returned with an account of his
success before Atlassoff set out, and is therefore not unjustly
mentioned as the discoverer of Kamtschatka.
Footnote 61:
This river empties itself into the Jenesei.
Footnote 62:
Thirty-six pounds English.
Footnote 63:
Spanberg places the island here spoken of, in 43° 50ʹ north latitude,
and mentions his having watered upon it; and that this watering party
brought off eight of the natives, of whom he relates the following
circumstances: That their bodies were covered all over with hair; that
they wore a loose striped silk gown, reaching as low as their ankles;
and that some of them had silver rings pendant from the ears: that, on
spying a live cock on deck, they fell on their knees before it; and
likewise before the presents that were brought out to them, closing
and stretching forth their hands, and bowing their heads at the same
time down to the ground; that, except the peculiarity of their
hairiness, they resembled the other Kurile islanders in their features
and figure, and spoke the same language. The journal of the ship
Castricom also mentions this circumstance of the inhabitants of the
country discovered by them, and called Jeso, being hairy all over the
body.
Footnote 64:
This accounts for what Krascheninicoff says, that he got from
Paramousir a japanned table and vase, a scimetar, and a silver ring,
which he sent to the cabinet of her imperial majesty at Petersburg.
And if what M. Steller mentions, on the authority of a Kurile, who was
interpreter to Spanberg in his voyage to Japan, is to be credited,
that nearly the same language is spoken at Kunashir and Paramousir, it
cannot be questioned that some intercourse has always subsisted
between the inhabitants of this extensive chain of islands.
Footnote 65:
The vessel here spoken of was from Satsma, a port in Japan, bound for
another Japanese port, called Azaka, and laden with rice, cotton, and
silks. She sailed with a favourable wind; but, before she reached her
destination, was driven out to sea by a violent storm, which carried
away her masts and rudder.
On the storm’s abating, not one of the crew, which consisted of
seventeen (having probably never made other than coasting voyages),
knew where they were, or what course to steer. After remaining in this
situation six months, they were driven on shore near the promontory
Lopatka; and having cast out an anchor, began to carry on shore such
articles as were necessary to their existence. They next erected a
tent, and had remained in it twenty-three days, without seeing a human
being, when chance conducted a Cossack officer, called Andrew
Chinnicoff, with a few Kamtschadales to their habitation. The poor
unfortunate Japanese, overwhelmed with joy at the sight of
fellow-creatures, made the most significant tenders they were able, of
friendship and affection; and presented their visitors with silks,
sabres, and a part of whatever else they had brought from the ship.
The treacherous Chinnicoff made reciprocal returns of kindness and
good-will; and, after remaining with them long enough to make such
observations as suited his designs, withdrew from them in the night.
The Japanese, finding that their visitors did not return, knew not
what course to take. In despair they manned their boat, and were
rowing along the coast in search of a habitation, when they came up
with their vessel which had been driven ashore, and found Chinnicoff
and his companions pillaging her, and pulling her in pieces for the
sake of the iron. This sight determined them to continue their course,
which Chinnicoff perceiving, ordered his men to pursue and massacre
them. The unfortunate Japanese, seeing a canoe in pursuit, and which
they could not escape, apprehended what was to follow. Some of them
leaped into the sea; others, in vain, had recourse to prayer and
intreaties. They were all massacred but two, by the very sabres they
had presented to their supposed friends a few days before. One of the
two was a boy about eleven years old, named Gowga, who had accompanied
his father, the ship’s pilot, to learn navigation; the other was a
middle-aged man, the supercargo, and called Sosa.
Chinnicoff soon met with the punishment due to his crimes. The two
strangers were conducted to Petersburg, where they were sent to the
academy, with proper instructors and attendants; and several young men
were, at the same time, put about them for the purpose of learning the
Japanese language.
They were thrown on the coast of Kamtschatka in 1730. The younger
survived the absence from his country five, the other six years. Their
portraits are to be seen in the cabinet of the empress at Petersburg.
_Vid. Krascheninicoff_, vol. ii. part 4. _Fr. Ed._
Footnote 66:
From Muller’s account of the course steered by Captain Spanberg, in
his route from Kamtschatka to Japan, it appears that he must also
undoubtedly have seen De Gama’s Land, if it really has the extent
given it in Mr. D’Anville’s maps. Walton, who commanded a vessel in
the same expedition, seems also to have looked in vain for this land
on his return from Japan; and three years afterward, on account of
some doubts that had arisen respecting Spanberg’s course, Beering went
directly in search of it as low as the latitude of 46°.—_See Voyages
et Découvertes_, &c. p. 210, _et seq._
Footnote 67:
See Book vi. chap. i. p. 149.
Footnote 68:
This land was seen by the Dutchmen who sailed in the Castricom and
Breskes, and imagined by them to be part of the continent of America.
There now remains scarce any doubt of its being the islands of Ooroop
and Nadeegsda. See the Journals of the Castricom and Breskes,
published by Wetzer.
Footnote 69:
This land was also discovered by the Castricom; and, from its
situation, as described in the journal of that vessel, it appears to
be the islands of the Three Sisters.
Footnote 70:
The country of Jeso, which has so long been a stumbling-block to our
modern geographers, was first brought to the knowledge of Europeans by
the Dutch vessels mentioned in the preceding notes. The name appears,
from the earliest accounts, to have been well known, both to the
Japanese and the Kamtschadales; and used by them indiscriminately, for
all the islands lying between Kamtschatka and Japan. It has since been
applied to a large imaginary island, or continent, supposed to have
been discovered by the Castricom and Breskes; and it may not,
therefore, be improper to consider the grounds of this mistake, as far
as can be collected from the journals of this expedition. The object
of the voyage in which those ships were engaged, was to explore the
eastern shore of Tartary; but, being separated by a storm off the
south-east point of Japan, they sailed in different tracks along the
east side of that island; and, having passed its northern extremity,
proceeded singly on their intended expedition.
The Castricom, commanded by De Vries, steering northward, fell in with
land on the third day, in latitude 42°. He sailed along the south-east
coast about sixty leagues in a _constant fog_; and having anchored in
various places, held a friendly intercourse with the inhabitants. Thus
far the journal. Now, as the islands of Matimai, Kunashir, and Zellany
appear, from Captain Spanberg’s discoveries, to lie exactly in this
situation, there can be no doubt of their being the same land; and the
circumstance of the fog sufficiently accounts for the error of De
Vries, in imagining them to be one continent, without having recourse
to the supposition of an earthquake, by which Mr. Muller, from his
desire to reconcile the opinion generally received, with the latter
Russian discoveries, conceives the several parts to have been
separated. The journal then proceeds to give an account of the
discovery of Staten Island and Company’s Land, of which I have already
given my opinion, and shall have occasion to speak hereafter. Having
passed through the Straits of De Vries, says the journal, they entered
a vast, wild, and tempestuous sea, in which they steered, through
mists and darkness, to the 48° latitude north; after which they were
driven by contrary winds to the southward, and again fell in with land
to the westward, in latitude 45°, which they unaccountably still
imagined to be part of the continent of Jeso; whereas, whoever
examines Jansen’s map of their discoveries (which appears to be
exceedingly accurate, as far as his information went), will, I
believe, have no doubt, that they were, at this time, on the coast of
Tartary. Having traced this land four degrees to the northward, they
returned to the southward through the straits they had passed before.
It is not necessary to trouble the reader with the journal of the
Breskes, as it contains no new matter, and has been already
republished, and very satisfactorily animadverted upon by Mr. Muller.—
_Voyages from Asia to America_, &c. English Translation, p. 78.
Footnote 71:
The only authentic survey of the eastern coast of Japan with which I
am acquainted, is that published by Jansen in his Atlas, and compiled
with great accuracy from the charts and journals of the Castricom and
Breskes. I have therefore adopted, wherever the identity of the
situations could be nearly ascertained, the names given in that map to
the corresponding points and head lands seen by us along the coast.
Jansen places the northern extremity of Japan in latitude 40° 15ʹ The
point seen by us was in latitude 40° 27ʹ.
Footnote 72:
This town is called by Jansen, Nabo.
Footnote 73:
Vide Muller, Fr. ed. page 215.
Footnote 74:
_Lage Hoeck_, or Low Point, is placed by Jansen in latitude 36° 40ʹ.
Footnote 75:
_Witte Hoeck_, placed by Jansen in latitude 35° 24ʹ.
Footnote 76:
_Sanduynege Hoeck_, in latitude 35° 55ʹ. Jansen.
Footnote 77:
See Kæmpfer’s Hist. of Japan, vol. i. p. 92, 93, 94, and 102.
Footnote 78:
“J’ai _vérifié_ moi-même, avec plusieurs Chinois, la population de
Canton, de la ville de Tartare, et de celle de Battaux,” &c. _Voyage
aux Indes, &c._ par M. Sonnerat, tom. ii. p. 14.
Footnote 79:
A catty is 18 oz.—a pecul 100 catty.
Footnote 80:
The English settled here in the year 1702, when the factory of Chusan,
on the coast of China, was broken up, and brought with them some
Macassar soldiers, who were hired to assist in building a fort; but
the president not fulfilling his engagement with them, they watched an
opportunity, and one night murdered all the English in the fort. Those
without the fort hearing a noise, took the alarm and ran to their
boats, very narrowly escaping with their lives, but not without much
fatigue, hunger, and thirst, to the Johore dominions, where they were
treated with great humanity. Some of these afterward went to form a
settlement at Benjar-Massean, on the island of Borneo. _East India
Directory_, p. 86.
Footnote 81:
Neptune Oriental.
Footnote 82:
_Vide_ Dampier, vol. i. p. 392.
Footnote 83:
Dampier, vol. i. p. 390.
Footnote 84:
The island of Tamarin, or Sambouricou, which lies about four leagues
to the north of Cracatoa, may be easily mistaken for the latter,
having a hill of nearly the same size and form, situated also near its
southern extremity.
Transcriber’s Note
This book uses inconsistent spelling and hyphenation, which were
retained in the ebook version. Some corrections have been made to the
text, including normalizing punctuation. Further corrections are noted
below:
p. vii: by the Way of Kamptschatka -> by the Way of Kamtschatka
p. v: Description of Carakakooa Bay -> Description of Karakakooa Bay
p. 20: Missing chapter heading inserted per table of contents
Footnote 7: See Vol. ii. book iii. chap. 12. -> See Vol. vi. book iii.
chap. 12.
p. 47: in which these qualites were displayed -> in which these
qualities were displayed
p. 87: I was suprised -> I was surprised
p. 96: which countinued to be -> which continued to be
p. 97: more populous that the verdant mountains -> more populous than
the verdant mountains
p. 97: the neigbouring sea abounds -> the neighbouring sea abounds
p. 101: and and the natives -> and the natives
p. 104: the ground was every were broken -> the ground was every where
broken
p. 105: Having giving this account -> Having given this account
p. 108: in the same lattitude -> in the same latitude
p. 130: used to pickled pieces of pork -> used to pickle pieces of pork
p. 149: What may (if anything possibly can) lesson -> What may (if
anything possibly can) lessen
p. 151: Concerning their mariages -> Concerning their marriages
p. 171: exceeedingly neat and clean -> exceedingly neat and clean
p. 172: still to wet to put on -> still too wet to put on
p. 176: Ismoloff in his letter -> Ismyloff in his letter
p. 176 had siezed upon a galliot -> had seized upon a galliot
p. 183 This gave us an opportuntiy -> This gave us an opportunity
p. 186 run a head full speed -> run ahead full speed
p. 269: nor readily to undertand -> nor readily to understand
p. 278: these tracts are found in the greatest numbers -> these tracks
are found in the greatest numbers
p. 280: if the Kantschadales are to be credited -> if the Kamtschadales
are to be credited
p. 283: a particular desscription of Awatska bay -> a particular
description of Awatska bay
p. 284: the land on each side Awatska Bay -> the land on each side of
Awatska Bay
p. 285: objects the more necesary -> objects the more necessary
p. 314: none in the neighboorhood of Awatska -> none in the
neighbourhood of Awatska
p. 327: an extraordinay degree of neatness -> an extraordinary degree of
neatness
p. 328: a knowledge of Kamtschata followed -> a knowledge of Kamtschatka
followed
p. 341: boards of the cieling -> boards of the ceiling
p. 344: Matmai, Kunachir, and Zellany -> Matmai, Kunashir, and Zellany
Footnote 65: The were all massacred but two -> They were all massacred
but two
p. 400: with the stores and provisons -> with the stores and provisions
p. 438: a very difficult and embarrasing situation -> a very difficult
and embarrassing situation
p. 448: leaves larged laced scars -> leaves large laced scars
p. 460: by itself signinies bad -> by itself signifies bad