York 81
North Wales 81
Lincoln 80
Cumberland 80
Hertford 78
Cambridge 77
Dorset 75
Durham 71
Berks 67
Cornwall 66
Middlesex 64
Devon 63
Surrey 60
Salop 58
Suffolk 56
Northumberland 56
Hunts 52
Bedford 50
Derby 48
Rutland 42
Nottingham 36
South Wales 33
Average for England and Wales 83
[Illustration: MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS COMMITTED FOR BIGAMY
IN EVERY 100,000 MARRIAGES, IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND
WALES.
⁂ The counties printed _black_ are those in which the number committed
for this offence is _above_ the average.
The counties left _white_ are those in which the number committed for
the same offence is _below_ the average.
The average is calculated for the ten years, from 1841 to 1850.
_The average for all England and Wales is 59 in every 100,000 Marriages._
_ „ „ Chester (the highest) 259 „ „ _
]
TABLE SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND
WALES WITH REGARD TO BIGAMY.
| Average | Total Number committed for Bigamy. |
| Marriages | |
COUNTIES. |for 10 years,+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| from | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1830-48. |1841|1842|1843|1844|1845|1846|1847|1848|1849|1850|
-----------------+-------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
Bedford | 925 | 1 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. |
Berks | 1,294 | 1 | 1 | 2 | .. | .. | .. | 2 | 1 | .. | .. |
Bucks | 960 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Cambridge | 1,392 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 |
Chester | 2,580 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 8 |
Cornwall | 2,447 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Cumberland | 1,036 | 2 | .. | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | .. | 1 | 2 | .. |
Derby | 1,826 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 3 | .. | .. | .. | 2 |
Devon | 4,339 | 1 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | .. |
Dorset | 1,174 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Durham | 2,885 | .. | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
Essex | 2,114 | 2 | .. | 1 | 2 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Gloucester | 3,459 | 2 | 1 | 5 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 3 | 2 | .. |
Hereford | 634 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
Hertford | 988 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hunts | 452 | .. | .. | 2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Kent | 4,047 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | .. | 1 | 1 |
Lancaster | 17,034 | 13 | 11 | 35 | 19 | 20 | 27 | 29 | 19 | 19 | 20 |
Leicester | 1,730 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Lincoln | 2,765 | .. | .. | 1 | 4 | .. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Middlesex | 15,795 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 16 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 11 |
Monmouth | 1,281 | .. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 2 | 2 |
Norfolk | 3,021 | .. | 1 | 3 | 2 | .. | 1 | .. | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Northampton | 1,597 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Northumberland | 2,047 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 3 | 1 | 1 | .. | .. |
Nottingham | 2,084 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 3 | 1 | .. | .. | .. |
Oxford | 1,158 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Rutland | 158 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Salop | 1,590 | 2 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Somerset | 3,113 | 1 | 2 | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Southampton | 2,884 | .. | .. | 2 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | 2 |
Stafford | 4,146 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
Suffolk | 2,369 | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. |
Surrey | 5,187 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
Sussex | 2,134 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 2 | .. | .. |
Warwick | 3,247 | 3 | 1 | 2 | .. | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
Westmorland | 390 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Wilts | 1,618 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Worcester | 2,769 | .. | .. | 3 | .. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
York | 13,332 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 9 | 13 |
North Wales | 2,582 | .. | 1 | 1 | .. | 2 | .. | .. | 2 | 1 | 1 |
South Wales | 4,076 | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | 1 | 2 | .. |
-----------------+-------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
Total for England| 130,670 | 50 | 65 |107 | 69 | 62 | 82 | 84 | 88 | 83 | 82 |
and Wales | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |No. committed| Percentage
|Total for| Annual | Annually |above and below
+10 Years.|Average.| in every | the Average.
| | | 100,000 |† denotes above.
| | | Marriages. |* „ below.
+---------+--------+-------------+----------------
| 3 | 0·3 | 32 | * 45·8
| 7 | 0·7 | 54 | * 8·5
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 3 | 0·3 | 22 | * 62·7
| 67 | 6·7 | 259 | †338·9
| 2 | 0·2 | 8 | * 86·4
| 13 | 1·3 | 125 | † 11·2
| 6 | 0·6 | 33 | * 44·1
| 14 | 1·4 | 32 | * 45·8
| 1 | 0·1 | 9 | * 4·8
| 28 | 2·8 | 97 | † 64·4
| 6 | 0·6 | 28 | * 52·5
| 14 | 1·4 | 40 | * 32·2
| 4 | 0·4 | 63 | † 6·8
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 2 | 0·2 | 44 | * 25·4
| 21 | 2·1 | 52 | * 11·9
| 212 | 21·2 | 124 | †110·2
| 1 | 0·1 | 6 | * 89·8
| 14 | 1·4 | 51 | * 13·6
| 102 | 10·2 | 65 | † 10·2
| 10 | 1·0 | 78 | † 32·2
| 12 | 1·2 | 39 | * 33·9
| 1 | 0·1 | 6 | * 89·8
| 7 | 0·7 | 34 | * 42·4
| 5 | 0·5 | 24 | * 59·3
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 5 | 0·5 | 31 | * 47·5
| 9 | 0·9 | 29 | * 50·9
| 5 | 0·5 | 17 | * 71·2
| 19 | 1·9 | 46 | * 22·0
| 2 | 0·2 | 8 | * 86·4
| 43 | 4·3 | 83 | † 40·7
| 4 | 0·4 | 19 | * 67·8
| 20 | 2·0 | 62 | † 5·1
| 2 | 0·2 | 51 | * 13·6
| 2 | 0·2 | 12 | * 79·7
| 12 | 1·2 | 43 | * 27·1
| 79 | 7·9 | 59 | * . ..
| 8 | 0·8 | 31 | * 47·5
| 7 | 0·7 | 17 | * 71·2
+---------+--------+-------------+----------------
| 772 | ·2 | 59 |
| | | |
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO
BIGAMY, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
100,000 MARRIAGES.
_Counties above the Average._
Chester 259
Cumberland 125
Lancaster 124
Durham 97
Surrey 83
Monmouth 78
Middlesex 65
Hereford 63
Warwick 62
_Counties below the Average._
York 59
Berks 54
Kent 52
Lincoln 51
Westmorland 51
Stafford 46
Hunts 44
Worcester 43
Gloucester 40
Norfolk 39
Northumberland 34
Derby 33
Devon 32
Bedford 32
North Wales 31
Salop 31
Somerset 29
Essex 28
Nottingham 24
Cambridge 22
Sussex 19
South Wales 17
Southampton 17
Wilts 12
Dorset 9
Cornwall 8
Suffolk 8
Leicester 6
Northampton 6
Bucks 0
Hertford 0
Oxford 0
Rutland 0
Average for England and Wales 59
[Illustration: MAP SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS COMMITTED FOR
ABDUCTION IN EVERY 10,000,000 OF THE MALE POPULATION, IN THE SEVERAL
COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
⁂ The counties printed _black_ are those in which the number committed
for this offence is _above_ the average.
The counties left _white_ are those in which the number committed for
the same offence is _below_ the average.
The average is calculated for the ten years, from 1841 to 1850.
_The Average for all England and Wales is 3 in every 10,000,000 of the Male Population._
_ „ „ Nottingham and Bucks (the highest) 14 each „ „ _
]
TABLE SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTIES OF ENGLAND AND
WALES WITH REGARD TO ABDUCTION.
| | |
| Average | Total Number committed for Abduction. |
COUNTIES. | Male |_________________________________________________|
| Population| | | | | | | | | | |
| 1841-50. |1841|1842|1843|1844|1845|1846|1847|1848|1849|1850|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
__________________|___________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Bedford | 58,372 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Berks | 97,055 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Bucks | 69,226 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .1 | .. | .. | .. |
Cambridge | 89,762 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 |
Chester | 193,728 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Cornwall | 168,854 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Cumberland | 91,199 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Derby | 124,224 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Devon | 263,055 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Dorset | 82,998 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Durham | 183,956 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Essex | 166,255 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Gloucester | 192,960 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hereford | 48,985 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hertford | 83,264 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hunts | 28,761 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Kent | 291,219 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 |
Lancaster | 917,922 | 1 | 6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Leicester | 111,629 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Lincoln | 189,768 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Middlesex | 815,107 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Monmouth | 85,564 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Norfolk | 202,811 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Northampton | 102,853 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Northumberland | 139,028 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 |
Nottingham | 138,413 | 2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Oxford | 83,290 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Rutland | 11,937 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Salop | 121,316 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Somerset | 216,177 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Southampton | 186,661 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Stafford | 294,120 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | 1 | .. | .. |
Suffolk | 159,561 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Surrey | 303,083 | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. |
Sussex | 157,915 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Surrey | 303,083 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Warwick | 217,569 | .. | .. | .. | 1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1 |
Westmorland | 28,680 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Wilts | 119,528 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Worcester | 119,808 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
York | 835,816 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
North Wales | 196,064 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
South Wales | 279,818 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
__________________|___________|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|____|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total for England | 8,270,087 | 3 | 7 | .. | 4 | .. | 1 | 2 | 2 | .. | 4 |
and Wales | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |No. |
| Total | |committed |
| for | |Annually | Percentage above
| 10 |Annual |in every | and below the Average.
| Years.|Average.|10,000,000| † denotes above.
| | |Males. | * „ below.
|_______|________|__________|_______________________
| | | |
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 1 | ·1 | 10 | †233·3
| 1 | ·1 | 14 | †366·7
| 1 | ·1 | 11 | †266·7
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 1 | .1 | 3 | *....
| 7 | ·7 | 8 | †166·7
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 2 | ·2 | 2 | *133·3
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 1 | ·1 | 7 | †133·3
| 2 | ·2 | 14 | †366·7
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 3 | ·3 | 10 | †233·3
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 2 | ·2 | 7 | †133·3
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| 2 | ·2 | 9 |†200·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
| .. | .. | .. | *100·0
|_______|________|__________|_______
| | | |
| 23 | 2·3 | 3 |
| | | |
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY WITH REGARD TO
ABDUCTION, AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER COMMITTED FOR THIS OFFENCE IN EVERY
10,000,000 OF THE MALE POPULATION.
_Counties above the Average._
Nottingham 14
Bucks 14
Cambridge 11
Stafford 10
Berks 10
Warwick 9
Lancaster 8
Northumberland 7
Surrey 7
_Counties below the Average._
Kent 3
Middlesex 2
Bedford 0
Chester 0
Cornwall 0
Cumberland 0
Derby 0
Devon 0
Dorset 0
Durham 0
Essex 0
Gloucester 0
Hereford 0
Hertford 0
Hunts 0
Leicester 0
Lincoln 0
Monmouth 0
Norfolk 0
Northampton 0
Oxford 0
Rutland 0
Salop 0
Somerset 0
Southampton 0
Suffolk 0
Sussex 0
Westmorland 0
Wilts 0
Worcester 0
York 0
North Wales 0
South Wales 0
Average for England and Wales 3
[Illustration: MAP SHOWING THE CRIMINALITY OF FEMALES IN EVERY 100,000
OF THE FEMALE POPULATION, IN EACH COUNTY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
⁂ The counties printed _black_ are those in which the number of
Criminal Females is _above_ the average.
The counties left _white_ are those in which the number of Criminal
Females is _below_ the average.
The average is taken for the last 10 years.
_The Average for all England and Wales is 62 in every 100,000 of the Female Population._
_ „ „ Middlesex (the highest) 110 „ „ _
_ „ „ Derby (the lowest) 23 „ „ _
]
TABLE SHOWING THE RELATIVE AMOUNT OF FEMALE AND MALE CRIMINALITY IN THE SEVERAL COUNTIES OF
ENGLAND AND WALES.
† denotes above the average, * below it.
| Average | Number of Female Criminals in each year. |
COUNTIES. | Female | |
|Population,| |
| 1841-50. |----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| |1841|1842|1843|1844|1845|1846|1847|1848|1849|1850|
-----------------+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
Bedford | 62,711 | 11| 36| 22| 20| 15| 20| 21| 22| 17| 19|
Berks | 97,708 | 45| 55| 43| 44| 42| 37| 55| 43| 52| 39|
Bucks | 71,732 | 20| 23| 31| 17| 25| 21| 22| 21| 27| 16|
Cambridge | 90,985 | 29| 28| 33| 42| 34| 20| 44| 32| 34| 44|
Chester | 202,190 | 195| 171| 170| 147| 139| 183| 197| 209| 169| 184|
Cornwall | 181,137 | 61| 67| 75| 56| 62| 67| 78| 68| 69| 46|
Cumberland | 95,563 | 39| 39| 38| 40| 37| 36| 37| 34| 36| 43|
Derby | 126,025 | 21| 26| 34| 33| 28| 47| 24| 25| 27| 25|
Devon | 291,683 | 171| 194| 177| 151| 184| 184| 206| 226| 224| 193|
Dorset | 89,738 | 46| 34| 42| 41| 33| 35| 51| 53| 61| 38|
Durham | 184,931 | 46| 57| 58| 65| 40| 55| 61| 72| 45| 82|
Essex | 166,108 | 82| 85| 99| 89| 75| 89| 65| 75| 64| 64|
Gloucester | 214,544 | 193| 221| 224| 198| 178| 190| 204| 188| 188| 148|
Hereford | 48,828 | 64| 49| 45| 38| 39| 34| 52| 52| 44| 45|
Hertford | 84,914 | 35| 34| 24| 27| 30| 21| 28| 30| 29| 23|
Hunts | 29,181 | 7| 8| 10| 15| 19| 14| 12| 18| 15| 10|
Kent | 294,029 | 161| 183| 147| 156| 151| 161| 171| 182| 200| 167|
Lancaster | 963,338 | 927| 947| 847| 689| 698| 826| 882| 902| 819| 950|
Leicester | 115,991 | 56| 69| 55| 56| 30| 61| 49| 37| 38| 41|
Lincoln | 188,477 | 74| 100| 86| 92| 71| 78| 106| 87| 91| 72|
Middlesex | 926,007 | 869| 989| 980| 948|1102|1118|1176|1223| 945| 882|
Monmouth | 78,528 | 63| 51| 53| 77| 41| 46| 67| 64| 78| 97|
Norfolk | 216,652 | 112| 127| 117| 127| 101| 120| 143| 78| 100| 89|
Northampton | 103,642 | 45| 38| 25| 34| 47| 41| 32| 38| 24| 38|
Northumb. | 145,749 | 54| 52| 66| 77| 46| 43| 50| 44| 64| 83|
Nottingham | 144,171 | 38| 49| 43| 51| 42| 45| 64| 33| 37| 34|
Oxford | 82,461 | 46| 48| 52| 37| 44| 43| 41| 35| 34| 31|
Rutland | 11,774 | 6| 4| 7| 3| 3| 4| 7| 10| 4| 2|
Salop | 122,035 | 80| 75| 89| 84| 73| 48| 62| 65| 61| 59|
Somerset | 236,337 | 172| 166| 136| 160| 143| 150| 141| 145| 159| 134|
Southampton | 190,379 | 102| 127| 124| 93| 115| 94| 137| 115| 120| 120|
Stafford | 285,566 | 179| 190| 197| 175| 161| 188| 221| 176| 189| 193|
Suffolk | 165,775 | 77| 80| 68| 92| 66| 77| 82| 57| 76| 74|
Surrey | 332,838 | 212| 236| 177| 194| 215| 200| 316| 278| 275| 237|
Sussex | 163,028 | 61| 81| 83| 69| 86| 93| 83| 92| 101| 83|
Warwick | 226,989 | 168| 157| 177| 119| 144| 163| 179| 199| 142| 162|
Westmorland | 28,814 | 9| 9| 10| 6| 7| 8| 4| 6| 9| 8|
Wilts | 122,359 | 65| 57| 65| 57| 52| 60| 86| 59| 78| 47|
Worcester | 124,766 | 75| 102| 104| 87| 121| 105| 128| 116| 112| 109|
York | 850,625 | 331| 380| 375| 323| 290| 294| 351| 344| 347| 321|
North Wales | 200,096 | 60| 56| 48| 45| 49| 47| 68| 65| 63| 62|
South Wales | 288,612 | 93| 79| 84| 117| 84| 91| 127| 145| 134| 151|
-----------------+-----------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
Total for England| 8,648,371 |5200|5569|5340|4993|4962|5257|5930|5763|5401|5265|
& Wales | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | Average No. | No. of Female |
| Total Female | Average No. of | of Male | Criminals in |
+Criminals in Ten| Female Criminals|Criminals[96] | every 100,000 of |
| Years. |per year 1841-50.|per year 1841-50.|Female Population.|
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+
| 203 | 20·3 | 166 | 32 |
| 455 | 45·5 | 268 | 47 |
| 223 | 22·3 | 266 | 31 |
| 340 | 34·0 | 232 | 37 |
| 1764 | 176·4 | 722 | 87 |
| 649 | 64·9 | 217 | 35 |
| 379 | 37·9 | 95 | 40 |
| 290 | 29·0 | 235 | 23 |
| 1910 | 191·0 | 596 | 31 |
| 434 | 43·4 | 210 | 48 |
| 581 | 58·1 | 232 | 31 |
| 787 | 78·7 | 559 | 48 |
| 1932 | 193·2 | 875 | 90 |
| 462 | 46·2 | 187 | 94 |
| 281 | 28·1 | 267 | 33 |
| 128 | 12·8 | 69 | 45 |
| 1679 | 167·9 | 792 | 57 |
| 8487 | 848·7 | 2635 | 88 |
| 492 | 49·2 | 342 | 42 |
| 857 | 85·7 | 398 | 46 |
| 10232 | 1023·2 | 3244 | 110 |
| 637 | 63·7 | 232 | 81 |
| 1114 | 111·4 | 607 | 51 |
| 362 | 36·2 | 259 | 35 |
| 579 | 57·9 | 177 | 40 |
| 436 | 43·6 | 289 | 31 |
| 411 | 41·1 | 256 | 50 |
| 50 | 5·0 | 28 | 42 |
| 696 | 69·6 | 293 | 57 |
| 1506 | 150·6 | 751 | 64 |
| 1147 | 114·7 | 555 | 60 |
| 1869 | 186·9 | 851 | 65 |
| 749 | 74·9 | 436 | 45 |
| 2340 | 234·0 | 806 | 70 |
| 832 | 83·2 | 409 | 52 |
| 1610 | 161·0 | 799 | 71 |
| 76 | 7·6 | 39 | 28 |
| 626 | 62·6 | 394 | 51 |
| 1059 | 105·9 | 506 | 85 |
| 3356 | 335·6 | 1587 | 40 |
| 563 | 56·3 | 233 | 28 |
| 1105 | 110·5 | 368 | 38 |
+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+------------------+
| 53680 | 5368·0 | 22474 | 62 |
| | | | |
|No. of Male Criminals| Percentage above|Percentage above|No. of Female |Percentage above
| in every | and below the | and below the | Criminals to | and below the
| 100,000 of Male |average of Female| Average of Male|every 100 Male| Average of Female
| Population. | Criminals. | Criminals. | Criminals. |to Male Criminals.
+---------------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+------------------
| 284 | *48·4 | † 4·4 | 11 | *52·2
| 276 | *24·2 | † 1·5 | 17 | *26·1
| 384 | *50·0 | †41·2 | 8 | *65·2
| 258 | *40·3 | * 5·2 | 14 | *39·1
| 373 | †40·3 | †37·1 | 23 | * --
| 128 | *43·6 | *52·9 | 27 | †17·4
| 104 | *35·5 | *61·8 | 38 | †65·2
| 189 | *62·9 | *30·5 | 12 | *47·8
| 227 | *50·0 | *16·5 | 14 | *39·1
| 253 | *22·6 | * 7·0 | 19 | *17·4
| 126 | *50·0 | *53·7 | 25 | † 8·7
| 336 | *22·6 | †23·5 | 14 | *39·1
| 453 | †45·2 | †66·6 | 20 | *13·0
| 382 | †51·6 | †40·4 | 24 | † 4·4
| 321 | *46·8 | †18·0 | 10 | *56·5
| 240 | *27·4 | *11·8 | 19 | *17·4
| 272 | * 8·1 | * -- | 21 | * 8·7
| 287 | †41·9 | † 5·5 | 31 | †34·8
| 306 | *32·3 | †12·5 | 14 | *39·1
| 210 | *25·8 | *22·8 | 22 | * 4·4
| 398 | †77·4 | †46·3 | 28 | †21·7
| 271 | †30·6 | * O·4 | 30 | †30·4
| 299 | *17·7 | † 9·9 | 17 | *26·1
| 252 | *43·6 | * 7·4 | 14 | *39·1
| 127 | *35·5 | *53·3 | 31 | †34·8
| 209 | *50·0 | *23·2 | 15 | *34·8
| 307 | *19·4 | †12·9 | 16 | *30·4
| 235 | *32·3 | *13·6 | 18 | *21·7
| 242 | * 8·1 | *11·0 | 24 | † 4·4
| 347 | † 3·2 | †27·6 | 18 | *21·7
| 297 | * 3·2 | † 9·2 | 20 | *13·0
| 289 | † 4·8 | † 6·2 | 22 | * 4·4
| 273 | *27·4 | † O·4 | 16 | *30·4
| 266 | †12·9 | * 2·2 | 26 | †13·0
| 259 | *16·1 | * 4·8 | 20 | *13·0
| 367 | †14·5 | †34·9 | 19 | *17·4
| 136 | *54·9 | *50·0 | 21 | * 8·7
| 330 | *17·7 | †21·3 | 15 | *34·8
| 422 | †37·1 | †55·1 | 20 | *13·0
| 190 | *35·5 | *30·1 | 21 | * 8·7
| 119 | *54·9 | *56·3 | 13 | *43·5
| 132 | *38·7 | *51·5 | 29 | †26·1
+---------------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------+------------------
| 272 | | | 23 |
| | | | |
LIST OF COUNTIES, IN THE ORDER OF THEIR CRIMINALITY AMONGST FEMALES,
AS SHOWN BY THE NUMBER OF FEMALE CRIMINALS IN EVERY 100,000 OF THE
FEMALE POPULATION.
_Counties above the Average._
Middlesex 110
Hereford 94
Gloucester 90
Lancaster 88
Chester 87
Worcester 85
Monmouth 81
Warwick 71
Surrey 70
Stafford 65
Somerset 64
_Counties below the Average._
Southamp. 60
Kent 57
Salop 57
Sussex 52
Norfolk 51
Wilts 51
Oxford 50
Essex 48
Dorset 48
Berks 47
Lincoln 46
Suffolk 45
Hunts 45
Leicester 42
Rutland 42
York 40
Northumb. 40
Cumberland 40
S. Wales 38
Cambridge 37
Cornwall 35
Northamp. 35
Hertford 33
Bedford 32
Devon 31
Durham 31
Nottingham 31
Bucks 31
N. Wales 28
Westmor. 28
Derby 23
Average for England and Wales 62
FOOTNOTES
[1] _Meliora_, No. viii., p. 317.
[2] _The City, its Sins and its Sorrows_, p. 8.
[3] Any person wishing for further information respecting these
Societies, may obtain it from a work published by Messrs. Low and Son,
entitled “London Charities.”
[4] The following circumstance may be regarded as an illustration of
this assertion:--
A girl is reported to have applied for admission into one of the older
Institutions in London for the rescue of the fallen. On examination,
however, it was ascertained that she had _not fallen low enough_ to
merit the assistance she craved, and she was accordingly rejected
because her moral character was not sufficiently depraved. Here, at
least, the greater the sinner, the greater the compassion!
[5] The Homes are situated in Nutford Place, Edgware Road; Hatton
Garden, Holborn; Blackfriars Road; and Woodland Terrace, Greenwich. The
Society is very inadequately supported, and is greatly in need of funds
to maintain its efficiency.
[6] Any one desiring further information respecting this truly
admirable movement, will do well to procure a little pamphlet,
entitled, “A Brief Sketch of the Origin, Aim, and Mode of Conducting
the Young Women’s Christian Association, and West London Home for Young
Women engaged in Houses of Business, 49, Great Marlborough-street,
Regent-street, London; in a Letter to the Earl of Roden, President of
the Association.”
[7] “The Magdalen’s Friend and Female Homes’ Intelligencer, No. 12,
vol. ii.”
[8] Those who wish for further information respecting these
Institutions are referred to a handbook containing authentic accounts
of the various Metropolitan Reformatories, Refuges, and Industrial
Schools, published by the Reformatory and Refuge Union. A magazine,
edited by a clergyman, price 3_d._ monthly, designed to awaken and
sustain public sympathy on behalf of the fallen, and to draw attention
to the most prolific causes, contributing to the extension of the
social evil.
[9] “Magdalen’s Friend,” vol. ii. p. 131.
[10] Mr. Mill’s mistake in ranking the Employers and Distributors among
the Enrichers, or those who increase the exchangeable commodities of
the country, arose from a desire to place the dealers and capitalists
among the productive labourers, than which nothing could be more idle,
for surely they do not add, _directly_, one brass farthing, as the
saying is, to the national stock of wealth. A little reflection would
have shown that gentleman that the true function of employers and
dealers was that of the _indirect aiders_ of production rather than the
direct producers. The economical scale of production appears to be as
follows:--(1) The Employer, providing the materials, tools, and shelter
necessary for the due performance of the work, together with the food
for the subsistence of the artificer during the work. (2) The Labourer,
fitting or preparing the materials for the artificer. (3) The Artificer
or workman, positively doing the work and creating a new product. (4)
The Superlative Artizan, engaged in adding to the beauty or utility
of such product. (5) The Distributor or Dealer, engaged in carrying
and disposing of the product in the best market. The functions of Nos.
1 and 2 generally precede production, those of Nos. 4 and 5 usually
succeed it; while No. 3 is the absolute producer. The labours of No.
4, however, are so intimately associated with the produce--sometimes
designing the work, and sometimes “finishing” it--that it seems but
right that the superlative artizan should be ranked with the artificer;
the mere labourer, however, who turns the wheel for the turner, or
carries the bricks to the bricklayer and the like, cannot strictly be
ranked as a _producer_ any more than a porter or dock labourer.
[11] At one time, however, murder became a _trade_ in this country,
namely, when the dead bodies of human beings grew to be of such
value that the burking of the living was resorted to by the
“resurrectionists,” as a means of keeping up the supply.
[12] The word Shoful is derived from the Danish _skuffe_, to shove, to
deceive, cheat; the Saxon form of the same verb is _Scufan_, whence the
English _Shove_.
[13] A Charley Pitcher seems to be one who pitches to the _Ceorla_, or
countryman, and hence is equivalent to the term _Yokel_-hunter.
[14] The titles of the classes as here given do not form part of the
original table.
[15] Those marked thus [15] are of a non-migratory character.
[16] The marriage institution is mentioned early in Genesis vi. 1, 2,
“And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the
earth, and daughters were born unto them,
“That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and
they took them wives of all which they chose.”
[17] The passage here alluded to is as follows:--
“Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at
thy father’s house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest
peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt
in her father’s house.
“And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah’s wife died; and
Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he
and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
“And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to
Timnath to shear his sheep.
“And she put her widow’s garments off from her, and covered her with a
vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the
way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not
given unto him to wife.
“When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had
covered her face.
“And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let
me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in
law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in
unto me?
“And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt
thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?